| the sequence of methanospirillum hungatei 23s rrna confirms the specific relationship between the extreme halophiles and the methanomicrobiales. | we have determined the sequence of the 23s rrna from the methanogenic archaeon methanospirillum hungatei. this is the first such sequence from a member of the methanomicrobiales. moreover, it brings additional evidence to bear on the possible specific relationship between this particular group of methanogens and the extreme halophiles. such evidence is critical in that several new (and relatively untested) methods of phylogenetic inference have lead to the controversial conclusion that the ex ... | 1991 | 11540074 |
| chemical structure of a novel aminophospholipid from hydrogenobacter thermophilus strain tk-6. | the phospholipid composition of hydrogenobacter thermophilus strain tk-6, an obligately chemolithoautotrophic, extremely thermophilic hydrogen bacterium, was analyzed. two of four phospholipids detected from the strain were assumed to be phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol. an aminophospholipid named px, whose content among the phospholipids was 65%, was found to have a novel chemical structure by analysis of the dilyso form with nuclear magnetic resonance and fast atom bombardment-mas ... | 2001 | 11591674 |
| benzoate fermentation by the anaerobic bacterium syntrophus aciditrophicus in the absence of hydrogen-using microorganisms. | the anaerobic bacterium syntrophus aciditrophicus metabolized benzoate in pure culture in the absence of hydrogen-utilizing partners or terminal electron acceptors. the pure culture of s. aciditrophicus produced approximately 0.5 mol of cyclohexane carboxylate and 1.5 mol of acetate per mol of benzoate, while a coculture of s. aciditrophicus with the hydrogen-using methanogen methanospirillum hungatei produced 3 mol of acetate and 0.75 mol of methane per mol of benzoate. the growth yield of the ... | 2001 | 11722901 |
| propionate formation by opitutus terrae in pure culture and in mixed culture with a hydrogenotrophic methanogen and implications for carbon fluxes in anoxic rice paddy soil. | propionate-forming bacteria seem to be abundant in anoxic rice paddy soil, but biogeochemical investigations show that propionate is not a correspondingly important intermediate in carbon flux in this system. mixed cultures of opitutus terrae strain pb90-1, a representative propionate-producing bacterium from rice paddy soil, and the hydrogenotrophic methanospirillum hungatei strain sk maintained hydrogen partial pressures similar to those in the soil. the associated shift away from propionate f ... | 2002 | 11916740 |
| isolation and characterization of a motile hydrogenotrophic methanogen from rice paddy field soil in japan. | a hydrogenotrophic motile methanogen was isolated from flooded japanese paddy field soil. anaerobic incubation of the paddy soil on h(2)-co(2) at 20 degrees c led to the enrichment of symmetrically curved motile autofluorescent rods. the methanogenic strain tm20-1 isolated from the culture was halotolerant and utilized h(2)-co(2), 2-propanol-co(2), or formate as a sole methanogenic substrate. based on the 16s rrna gene sequence similarity (94.8%) with methanospirillum hungateii, and on the physi ... | 2002 | 11959443 |
| biochemical evidence for formate transfer in syntrophic propionate-oxidizing cocultures of syntrophobacter fumaroxidans and methanospirillum hungatei. | the hydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase levels in syntrophobacter fumaroxidans and methanospirillum hungatei were studied in syntrophic propionate-oxidizing cultures and compared to the levels in axenic cultures of both organisms. cells grown syntrophically were separated from each other by percoll gradient centrifugation. in s. fumaroxidans both formate dehydrogenase and hydrogenase levels were highest in cells which were grown syntrophically, while the formate-h(2) lyase activities were comp ... | 2002 | 12200272 |
| chemotaxis in methanospirillum hungatei. | methanospirillum hungatei gave a positive chemotactic response to acetate. | 1989 | 16347829 |
| diversity and structure of the archaeal community in the leachate of a full-scale recirculating landfill as examined by direct 16s rrna gene sequence retrieval. | the diversity and structure of the archaeal community in the effluent leachate from a full-scale recirculating landfill was characterized by direct 16s rrna gene (16s rdna) retrieval. total-community dna was extracted from the microbial assemblages in the landfill leachate, and archaeal 16s rdnas were amplified with a universally conserved primer and an archaea-specific primer. the amplification product was then used to construct a 16s rdna clone library, and 70 randomly selected archaeal clones ... | 2002 | 12351237 |
| isolation and ultrastructure of the flagella of methanococcus thermolithotrophicus and methanospirillum hungatei. | the flagella of the archaebacteria methanococcus thermolithotrophicus and methanospirillum hungatei enter the cells in regions with ultrastructure resembling that of the polar organelles found in a variety of eubacteria. flagella of both organisms consist of a filament, a hook, and a basal body with two rings similar to those of gram-positive eubacteria. the integrity of the flagella of m. thermolithotrophicus is lost in the absence of high salt concentrations, and those of both organisms are un ... | 1989 | 16347934 |
| reciprocal isomerization of butyrate and isobutyrate by the strictly anaerobic bacterium strain wog13 and methanogenic isobutyrate degradation by a defined triculture. | isomerization of butyrate and isobutyrate was investigated with the recently isolated strictly anaerobic bacterium strain wog13 which ferments glutarate to butyrate, isobutyrate, co(2), and small amounts of acetate. dense cell suspensions converted butyrate to isobutyrate and isobutyrate to butyrate. c-nuclear magnetic resonance experiments proved that this isomerization was accomplished by migration of the carboxyl group to the adjacent carbon atom. in cell extracts, both butyrate and isobutyra ... | 1992 | 16348708 |
| sporotomaculum syntrophicum sp. nov., a novel anaerobic, syntrophic benzoate-degrading bacterium isolated from methanogenic sludge treating wastewater from terephthalate manufacturing. | an anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic benzoate-degrading bacterium, designated strain fb(t), was isolated from methanogenic sludge which had been used to treat wastewater from the manufacture of terephthalic acid. cells were non-motile gram-positive rods that formed spores. the optimum temperature for growth was 35-40 degrees c, and the optimum ph was 7.0-7.2. a co-culture with the hydrogenotrophic methanogen methanospirillum hungatei converted benzoate to acetate, carbon dioxide, and methane. bu ... | 2003 | 12605290 |
| regulation of product formation in bacteroides xylanolyticus x5-1 by interspecies electron transfer. | bacteroides xylanolyticus x5-1 was grown in pure culture and in mixed culture with methanospirillum hungatei jf-1 under xylose limitation in the chemostat. in the pure culture, ethanol, acetate, co(2), and hydrogen were the products. in the mixed culture, acetate, co(2), and presumably hydrogen were the only products formed by b. xylanolyticus x5-1. the biomass yield of b. xylanolyticus x5-1 increased because of cocultivation. in cell extracts of the pure culture, both nad- and nadp-dependent ac ... | 1994 | 16349240 |
| victivallis vadensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a sugar-fermenting anaerobe from human faeces. | a novel strictly anaerobic, cellobiose-degrading bacterium, strain cellot, was isolated from a human faecal sample by combining enrichments in liquid and soft-agar basal media. a noteworthy characteristic was its inability to grow on normal agar plates and in roll tubes. the cells were coccus shaped and non-motile, with an extracellular slime layer. growth of strain cellot occurred between 20 and 40degrees c, with optimal growth at 37 degrees c. the ph range for growth was 5-7.5 with an optimum ... | 2003 | 12656175 |
| two w-containing formate dehydrogenases (co2-reductases) involved in syntrophic propionate oxidation by syntrophobacter fumaroxidans. | two formate dehydrogenases (co2-reductases) (fdh-1 and fdh-2) were isolated from the syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium syntrophobacter fumaroxidans. both enzymes were produced in axenic fumarate-grown cells as well as in cells which were grown syntrophically on propionate with methanospirillum hungatei as the h2 and formate scavenger. the purified enzymes exhibited extremely high formate-oxidation and co2-reduction rates, and low km values for formate. for the enzyme designated fdh-1, a ... | 2003 | 12755703 |
| improved strategy for presumptive identification of methanogens using 16s riboprinting. | the predicted 16s riboprint patterns of 10 restriction endonucleases for 26 diverse methanogens were compared to actual patterns produced on agarose gels. the observed patterns corroborated the expected riboprints. our analyses confirmed that the endonuclease haeiii gave the best results generating 15 different riboprint sets. six of these 15 riboprints represented more than one strain. of these, three riboprint sets were further differentiated: methanomicrobium mobile, methanolacinia paynteri, ... | 2003 | 14529955 |
| identification and isolation of anaerobic, syntrophic phthalate isomer-degrading microbes from methanogenic sludges treating wastewater from terephthalate manufacturing. | the microbial populations responsible for anaerobic degradation of phthalate isomers were investigated by enrichment and isolation of those microbes from anaerobic sludge treating wastewater from the manufacturing of terephthalic acid. primary enrichments were made with each of three phthalate isomers (ortho-, iso-, and terephthalate) as the sole energy source at 37 degrees c with two sources of anaerobic sludge (both had been used to treat wastewater containing high concentrations of phthalate ... | 2004 | 15006786 |
| evaluation of support matrices for immobilization of anaerobic consortia for efficient carbon cycling in waste regeneration. | efficient metabolism of fatty acids during anaerobic waste digestion requires development of consortia that include "fatty acid consuming h(2) producing bacteria" and methanogenic bacteria. the objective of this research was to optimize methanogenesis from fatty acids by evaluating a variety of support matrices for use in maintaining efficient syntrophic-methanogenic consortia. tested matrices included clays (montmorillonite and bentonite), glass beads (106 and 425-600mum), microcarriers (cytopo ... | 2005 | 15649428 |
| syntrophomonas erecta sp. nov., a novel anaerobe that syntrophically degrades short-chain fatty acids. | two novel anaerobes, strains gb4-38(t) and sb9-1, were isolated from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor for treating bean-curd farm wastewater and lotus field mud, respectively. the strains degraded straight-chain fatty acids with 4-8 carbon atoms in syntrophic association with methanogens and converted 1 mol butyrate into about 2 mol acetate and presumably 2 mol h(2). none of the branched-chain fatty acids tested could be degraded. benzoate was not degraded. fumarate, sulfate, thiosulfa ... | 2005 | 15774665 |
| microbial community in a geothermal aquifer associated with the subsurface of the great artesian basin, australia. | to investigate the biomass and phylogenetic diversity of the microbial community inhabiting the deep aquifer of the great artesian basin (gab), geothermal groundwater gushing out from the aquifer was sampled and analyzed. microbial cells in the groundwater were stained with acridine orange and directly counted by epifluorescence microscopy. microbial cells were present at a density of 10(8)-10(9) cells per liter of groundwater. archaeal and bacterial small-subunit rrna genes (rdnas) were amplifi ... | 2005 | 15980939 |
| the first true obligately syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium, pelotomaculum schinkii sp. nov., co-cultured with methanospirillum hungatei, and emended description of the genus pelotomaculum. | a gram-positive, spore-forming, syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium, pelotomaculum schinkii sp. nov. strain hh(t), was isolated as a co-culture with methanospirillum hungatei jf-1(t) from anaerobic, freeze-dried granular sludge obtained from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor treating sugar beet wastewater. the bacterium converted propionate to acetate in co-culture with methanospirillum hungatei jf-1(t) or methanobacterium formicicum mf(nt), but not in co-culture with methanobrevibact ... | 2005 | 16014504 |
| propionate-degrading bacterium, syntrophobacter wolinii sp. nov. gen. nov., from methanogenic ecosystems. | a new genus and species of a nonmotile gram-negative rod, syntrophobacter wolinii, is the first bacterium described which degrades propionate only in coculture with an h(2)-using organism and in the absence of light or exogenous electron acceptors such as o(2), sulfate, or nitrate. it was isolated from methanogenic enrichments from an anaerobic municipal sewage digestor, using anaerobic roll tubes containing a medium with propionate as the energy source in association with an h(2)-using, sulfate ... | 1980 | 16345640 |
| syntrophomonas wolfei gen. nov. sp. nov., an anaerobic, syntrophic, fatty acid-oxidizing bacterium. | an anaerobic, nonphototrophic bacterium that beta-oxidizes saturated fatty acids (butyrate through octanoate) to acetate or acetate and propionate using protons as the electron acceptor (h(2) as electron sink product) was isolated in coculture with either a non-fatty acid-degrading, h(2)-utilizing desulfovibrio sp. or methanogens. three strains of the bacterium were characterized and are described as a new genus and species, syntrophomonas wolfei. s. wolfei is a gram-negative, slightly helical r ... | 1981 | 16345745 |
| kinetics of formate metabolism in methanobacterium formicicum and methanospirillum hungatei. | the kinetics of formate metabolism in methanobacterium formicicum and methanospirillum hungatei were studied with log-phase formate-grown cultures. the progress of formate degradation was followed by the formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase assay for formate and fitted to the integrated form of the michaelis-menten equation. the k(m) and v(max) values for methanobacterium formicicum were 0.58 mm formate and 0.037 mol of formate h g (dry weight), respectively. the lowest concentration of formate met ... | 1982 | 16346087 |
| isolation and partial characterization of bacteria in an anaerobic consortium that mineralizes 3-chlorobenzoic acid. | a methanogenic consortium able to use 3-chlorobenzoic acid as its sole energy and carbon source was enriched from anaerobic sewage sludge. seven bacteria were isolated from the consortium in mono- or coculture. they included: one dechlorinating bacterium (strain dcb-1), one benzoate-oxidizing bacterium (strain bz-2), two butyrate-oxidizing bacteria (strains sf-1 and nsf-2), two h(2)-consuming methanogens (methanospirillum hungatei pm-1 and methanobacterium sp. strain pm-2), and a sulfate-reducin ... | 1984 | 16346648 |
| influence of calcium addition on growth of highly purified syntrophic cultures degrading long-chain fatty acids. | two highly purified syntrophic associations resulting in acetogenesis from stearate (sm) and oleate (om) were obtained from the sludges of a sewage digestor. in both cases, methanospirillum hungatei together with short, motile, gram-negative, nonfluorescent rods morphologically similar to syntrophomonas wolfei were identified by microscopic examination. besides growing on volatile fatty acids (butyrate through caproate), both cultures grew on oleate (c(18:1)) and numerous even-numbered, saturate ... | 1985 | 16346761 |
| isolation of a butyrate-utilizing bacterium in coculture with methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum from a thermophilic digester. | sludge from a thermophilic, 55 degrees c digester produced methane without a lag period when enriched with butyrate. the sludge was found by most-probable-number enumeration to have ca. 5 x 10 butyrate-utilizing bacteria per ml. a thermophilic butyrate-utilizing bacterium was isolated in coculture with methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. this bacterium was a gram-negative, slightly curved rod, occurred singly, was nonmotile, and did not appear to produce spores. when this coculture was incubat ... | 1985 | 16346813 |
| pa-1, a versatile anaerobe obtained in pure culture, catabolizes benzenoids and other compounds in syntrophy with hydrogenotrophs, and p-2 plus wolinella sp. degrades benzenoids. | methanogenic enrichments catabolizing 13 mm phenylacetate or 4 mm phenol were established at 37 degrees c, using a 10% inoculum from a municipal anaerobic digester. by using agar roll tubes of the basal medium plus 0.1% yeast extract-25 mm fumarate, a hydrogenotrophic lawn of wolinella succinogenes and phenol or phenylacetate, strains p-2 and pa-1, respectively, were isolated in coculture with w. succinogenes. with the lawn deleted, pa-1 was isolated in pure culture. strain p-2 is apparently a n ... | 1985 | 16346852 |
| growth of methanogenic bacteria in pure culture with 2-propanol and other alcohols as hydrogen donors. | two types of mesophilic, methanogenic bacteria were isolated in pure culture from anaerobic freshwater and marine mud with 2-propanol as the hydrogen donor. the freshwater strain (sk) was a methanospirillum species, the marine, salt-requiring strain (cv), which had irregular coccoid cells, resembled methanogenium sp. stoichiometric measurements revealed formation of 1 mol of ch(4) by co(2) reduction, with 4 mol of 2-propanol being converted to acetone. in addition to 2-propanol, the isolates use ... | 1986 | 16347050 |
| analysis of microbial community during biofilm development in an anaerobic wastewater treatment reactor. | the formation, structure, and biodiversity of a multispecies anaerobic biofilm inside an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (uasb) reactor fed with brewery wastewater was examined using complementary microbial ecology methods such us fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge), and cloning. the biofilm development can be roughly divided into three stages: an initial attachment phase (0-36 h) characterized by random adhesion of the cells to the surface; a co ... | 2008 | 18034358 |
| palladium-mediated hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons with hydrogen gas released during anaerobic cellulose degradation. | among five hydrogenation catalysts, palladium on charcoal was the most reactive one when suspended in anaerobic culture medium, and lindlar catalyst (pd on caco(3)) was the most reactive one when suspended in the gas phase of culture tubes. palladium on charcoal in the culture medium (40 to 200 mg 10 ml) completely inhibited growth of neocallimastix frontalis and partly inhibited ruminococcus albus. lindlar catalyst (40 to 200 mg per tube) suspended in a glass pouch above the culture medium did ... | 1986 | 16347167 |
| separation of syntrophomonas wolfei from methanospirillum hungatii in syntrophic cocultures by using percoll gradients. | percoll gradient centrifugation effectively separated syntrophomonas wolfei cells from methanospirillum hungatii cells, resulting in a 70- to 80-fold enrichment of s. wolfei cells relative to m. hungatii cells. the separated s. wolfei cells were viable. gram quantities of cellular protein which was enzymatically active and had low levels of contamination by the methanogenic cofactor, factor(420), were obtained. | 1987 | 16347346 |
| reduction of humic substances by halorespiring, sulphate-reducing and methanogenic microorganisms. | physiologically distinct anaerobic microorganisms were explored for their ability to oxidize different substrates with humic acids or the humic analogue, anthraquinone-2,6-disulphonate (aqds), as a terminal electron acceptor. most of the microorganisms evaluated including, for example, the halorespiring bacterium, desulfitobacterium pce1, the sulphate-reducing bacterium, desulfovibrio g11 and the methanogenic archaeon, methanospirillum hungatei jf1, could oxidize hydrogen linked to the reduction ... | 2002 | 11966825 |
| effects of organic acid anions on the growth and metabolism of syntrophomonas wolfei in pure culture and in defined consortia. | the effects of organic acid anions on the growth of syntrophomonas wolfei was determined by varying the initial concentration of the acid anion in the medium. the addition of 15 mm acetate decreased the growth rate of a butyrate-catabolizing coculture containing methanospirillum hungatei from 0.0085 to 0.0029 per hour. higher initial acetate concentrations decreased the butyrate degradation rate and the yield of cells of s. wolfei per butyrate degraded. inhibition was not due to the counter ion ... | 1989 | 16347899 |
| growth of syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacteria with fumarate in the absence of methanogenic bacteria. | oxidation of succinate to fumarate is an energetically difficult step in the biochemical pathway of propionate oxidation by syntrophic methanogenic cultures. therefore, the effect of fumarate on propionate oxidation by two different propionate-oxidizing cultures was investigated. when the methanogens in a newly enriched propionate-oxidizing methanogenic culture were inhibited by bromoethanesulfonate, fumarate could act as an apparent terminal electron acceptor in propionate oxidation. c-nuclear ... | 1993 | 16348912 |
| anaerobic degradation of propionate by a mesophilic acetogenic bacterium in coculture and triculture with different methanogens. | a mesophilic acetogenic bacterium (mpob) oxidized propionate to acetate and co(2) in cocultures with the formate- and hydrogen-utilizing methanogens methanospirillum hungatei and methanobacterium formicicum. propionate oxidation did not occur in cocultures with two methanobrevibacter strains, which grew only with hydrogen. tricultures consisting of mpob, one of the methanobrevibacter strains, and organisms which are able to convert formate into h(2) plus co(2) (desulfovibrio strain g11 or the ho ... | 1994 | 16349350 |
| pelotomaculum terephthalicum sp. nov. and pelotomaculum isophthalicum sp. nov.: two anaerobic bacteria that degrade phthalate isomers in syntrophic association with hydrogenotrophic methanogens. | an anaerobic phthalate isomer-degrading strain (jt(t)) that we previously isolated was characterized. in addition, a strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic phthalate isomer-degrading bacterium, designated strain ji(t), was isolated and characterized in this study. both were non-motile rods that formed spores. in both strains, the optimal growth was observed at temperatures around 37 degrees c and neutral ph. in syntrophic co-culture with the hydrogenotrophic methanogen methanospirillum hunga ... | 2006 | 16404568 |
| microbial community of a mesophilic propionate-degrading methanogenic consortium in chemostat cultivation analyzed based on 16s rrna and acetate kinase genes. | we constructed a mesophilic anaerobic chemostat that was continuously fed with synthetic wastewater containing propionate as the sole source of carbon and energy. steady-state conditions were achieved below the critical dilution rate of 0.3 d (-1) with almost complete substrate degradation. the propionate-degrading methanogenic communities in the chemostat at dilution rates of 0.01, 0.08, and 0.3 d (-1) were analyzed using molecular biological techniques. fluorescence in situ hybridization with ... | 2006 | 16496142 |
| acetogenesis from dichloromethane by a two-component mixed culture comprising a novel bacterium. | a strictly anaerobic two-component culture able to grow exponentially with a doubling time of 20 h on a medium containing dichloromethane as the carbon and energy source was characterized. on a medium without sulfate, we observed (per mol of dichloromethane) a mass balance of 2 mol of chloride, 0.26 mol of acetate, 0.05 mol of formate, and 0.25 mol of carbon in biomass. one component of the culture, strain dmb, was identified by a 16s ribosomal dna analysis as a desulfovibrio sp. the other compo ... | 1995 | 16535097 |
| formation of fatty acid-degrading, anaerobic granules by defined species. | an endospore-forming, butyrate-degrading bacterium (strain bh) was grown on butyrate in monoxenic coculture with a methanogen. the culture formed dense aggregates when methanobacterium formicicum was the methanogenic partner, but the culture was turbid when methanospirillum hungatei was the partner. in contrast, a propionate-degrading, lemon-shaped bacterium (strain pt) did not form aggregates with methanobacterium formicicum unless an acetate-degrading methanosaeta sp. was also included in the ... | 1996 | 16535336 |
| the structure of the bacterial and archaeal community in a biogas digester as revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and 16s rdna sequencing analysis. | to identify the bacterial and archaeal composition in a mesophilic biogas digester treating pig manure and to compare the consistency of two 16s rdna-based methods to investigate the microbial structure. | 2009 | 19187154 |
| phenotypic properties and microbial diversity of methanogenic granules from a full-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor treating brewery wastewater. | methanogenic granules from an anaerobic bioreactor that treated wastewater of a beer brewery consisted of different morphological types of granules. in this study, the microbial compositions of the different granules were analyzed by molecular microbiological techniques: cloning, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish), and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. we propose here that the different types of granules reflect the different stages ... | 2006 | 16820491 |
| distribution, structure and diversity of "bacterial" genes encoding two-component proteins in the euryarchaeota. | the publicly available annotated archaeal genome sequences (23 complete and three partial annotations, october 2005) were searched for the presence of potential two-component open reading frames (orfs) using gene category lists and blastp. a total of 489 potential two-component genes were identified from the gene category lists and blastp. two-component genes were found in 14 of the 21 euryarchaeal sequences (october 2005) and in neither the crenarchaeota nor the nanoarchaeota. a total of 20 pre ... | 2006 | 16877318 |
| identification and cultivation of anaerobic, syntrophic long-chain fatty acid-degrading microbes from mesophilic and thermophilic methanogenic sludges. | we investigated long-chain fatty acid (lcfa)-degrading anaerobic microbes by enrichment, isolation, and rna-based stable isotope probing (sip). primary enrichment cultures were made with each of four lcfa substrates (palmitate, stearate, oleate, or linoleate, as the sole energy source) at 55 degrees c or 37 degrees c with two sources of anaerobic granular sludge as the inoculum. after several transfers, we obtained seven stable enrichment cultures in which lcfas were converted to methane. the ba ... | 2007 | 17189450 |
| effect of dilution rate on the microbial structure of a mesophilic butyrate-degrading methanogenic community during continuous cultivation. | we constructed two mesophilic anaerobic chemostats that were continuously fed with synthetic wastewater containing butyrate as the sole source of carbon and energy. steady-state conditions were achieved at dilution rates between 0.025 and 0.7 day(-1). butyrate, fed into the chemostat, was almost completely mineralized to ch(4) and co(2) at dilution rates below 0.5 day(-1). the butyrate-degrading methanogenic communities in the chemostats at dilution rates between 0.025 and 0.7 day(-1) were monit ... | 2007 | 17221191 |
| methanospirillum lacunae sp. nov., a methane-producing archaeon isolated from a puddly soil, and emended descriptions of the genus methanospirillum and methanospirillum hungatei. | a mesophilic, hydrogenotrophic methanogen, designated strain ki8-1(t), was isolated from soil. cells were strictly anaerobic, gram-stain-negative, non-sporulating, motile by means of a single flagellum or tufted flagella, and curved or wavy rod-shaped (11-25 μm long). the temperature and ph for optimum growth were 30 °c and 7.5. the strain grew best in basal medium without the addition of nacl. methane was produced from h(2) and formate. acetate or yeast extract was required for growth. the g+c ... | 2010 | 20008107 |
| microbial diversity of mesophilic methanogenic consortium that can degrade long-chain fatty acids in chemostat cultivation. | we established a chemostat cultivation method for a mesophilic methanogenic consortium that could degrade long-chain fatty acids (lcfa) using a completely stirred tank reactor (cstr) fed with synthetic wastewater containing oleic and palmitic acids as the carbon and energy sources. the critical dilution rate of the chemostat, in which most of the introduced lcfa were decomposed and mineralized, was 0.4 d(-1). the microbial community under steady-state condition at this dilution rate was analyzed ... | 2006 | 17270719 |
| relationships between anaerobic consortia and removal efficiencies in an uasb reactor degrading 2,4 dichlorophenol (dcp). | to gain more insight into the interactions between anaerobic bacteria and reactor performances (chemical oxygen demand-cod, 2,4 dichlorophenol-2,4 dcp removals, volatile fatty acid-vfa, and methane gas productions) and how they depended on operational conditions the microbial variations in the anaerobic granular sludge from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (uasb) reactor treating 2,4 dcp was studied. the study was composed of two parts. in the first part, the numbers of methanogens and acedoge ... | 2008 | 17379394 |
| effect of process temperature on bacterial and archaeal communities in two methanogenic bioreactors treating organic household waste. | the bacterial and archaeal community structure was examined in two methanogenic anaerobic digestion processes degrading organic household waste at mesophilic (37 degrees c) and thermophilic (55 degrees c) temperatures. analysis of bacterial clone libraries revealed a predominance of bacteroidetes (34% of total clones) and chloroflexi (27%) at the mesophilic temperature. in contrast, in the thermophilic clone library, the major group of clones were affiliated with thermotogae (61%). within the do ... | 2007 | 17381521 |
| development and assessment of whole-genome oligonucleotide microarrays to analyze an anaerobic microbial community and its responses to oxidative stress. | the application of dna microarray technology to investigate multiple-species microbial communities presents great challenges. in this study, we reported the design and quality assessment of four whole genome oligonucleotide microarrays for two syntroph bacteria, desulfovibrio vulgaris and syntrophobacter fumaroxidans, and two archaeal methanogens, methanosarcina barkeri, and methanospirillum hungatei, and their application to analyze global gene expression in a four-species microbial community i ... | 2007 | 17498652 |
| pelotomaculum propionicicum sp. nov., an anaerobic, mesophilic, obligately syntrophic, propionate-oxidizing bacterium. | an anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, propionate-oxidizing bacterium, strain mgp(t), was isolated as a defined co-culture with methanospirillum hungatei from the methanogenic sludge of a mesophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (uasb) reactor. the strain grew in the presence of propionate, but only in co-culture with methanogens, suggesting that it is an obligately syntrophic bacterium. the optimum temperature for growth was 37 degrees c, and the optimum ph was between 6.5 and 7.2. based on co ... | 2007 | 17625181 |
| syntrophomonas palmitatica sp. nov., an anaerobic, syntrophic, long-chain fatty-acid-oxidizing bacterium isolated from methanogenic sludge. | a mesophilic, syntrophic, fatty-acid-oxidizing anaerobic strain, designated mpa(t), was isolated from granular sludge in a mesophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor used to treat palm oil mill effluent. cells were slightly curved, non-motile rods. spore formation was not observed. the optimal temperature for growth was around 37 degrees c and optimal ph for growth was 7.0. strain mpa(t) was able to grow on crotonate or pentenoate plus butyrate in pure culture. in co-culture with the hyd ... | 2007 | 17766887 |
| evaluation of methanogenic strains and their ability to endure aeration and water stress. | during periods of drainage, both water stress and oxygen can cause damage to indigenous methanogens. in the present study, we evaluated the tolerance of seven methanogenic strains (methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus, methanobacterium formicicum, methanococcus vannielii, methanospirillum hungatei, methanoculleus olentangyi, methanoplanus limicola, and methanosarcina mazei) to long-term exposure to air/nitrogen and drying. we found that these methanogenic strains except for m. limicola and m. olent ... | 2008 | 17990030 |
| changes of microbial characteristics of retained sludge during low-temperature operation of an egsb reactor for low-strength wastewater treatment. | in this study, a lab scale egsb reactor was operated for 400 days to investigate the influence of temperature-decrease on the microbial characteristic of retained sludge. the egsb reactor was started-up at 15 degrees c seeding with 20 degrees c-grown granular sludge. the influent cod of synthetic wastewater was set at 0.6-0.8 gcod/l. the process-temperature was stepwise reduced from 15 degrees c to 5 degrees c during 400 days operation. decrease of temperature of the reactor from 15 degrees c to ... | 2008 | 18235183 |
| dominant sugar utilizers in sediment of lake constance depend on syntrophic cooperation with methanogenic partner organisms. | six strains of novel bacteria were isolated from profundal sediment of lake constance, a deep freshwater lake in germany, by direct dilution of the sediment in mineral agar medium containing a background lawn of the hydrogen-scavenging methanospirillum hungatei as a syntrophic partner. the numbers of colony-forming units obtained after incubation for more than 2 months were in the same range as those of total bacterial counts determined by dapi staining (up to 10(8) cells per millilitre) suggest ... | 2008 | 18248451 |
| bioenergetic conditions of butyrate metabolism by a syntrophic, anaerobic bacterium in coculture with hydrogen-oxidizing methanogenic and sulfidogenic bacteria. | the butyrate-oxidizing, proton-reducing, obligately anaerobic bacterium nsf-2 was grown in batch cocultures with either the hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium methanospirillum hungatei pm-1 or desulfovibrio sp. strain ps-1. metabolism of butyrate occurred in two phases. the first phase exhibited exponential growth kinetics (phase a) and had a doubling time of 10 h. this value was independent of whether nsf-2 was cultured with a methanogen or a sulfate reducer and likely represents the maximum specific ... | 1988 | 16347645 |
| phospholipid fatty acid composition of the syntrophic anaerobic bacterium syntrophomonas wolfei. | the membrane phospholipid fatty acids (plfas) from several cocultures and a pure culture of syntrophomonas wolfei were determined by capillary column gas chromatography. cocultures of s. wolfei with a desulfovibrio sp. contained plfas from both organisms, whereas plfas from a coculture with methanospirillum hungatei contained very little biomass to analyze. the pure culture of s. wolfei grown on crotonate provided the best material for analysis of the plfas. the predominant plfas of s. wolfei we ... | 1988 | 16347667 |
| acetate inhibition of methanogenic, syntrophic benzoate degradation. | acetate inhibited benzoate degradation by a syntrophic coculture of an anaerobic benzoate degrader (strain bz-2) and methanospirillum strain pm-1; the apparent k(i) for acetate was approximately 40 mm. the addition of acetate resulted in a decrease in the hydrogen concentration in the coculture, indicating that phenomena related to interspecies hydrogen transfer affected this value and that the effect of acetate on the benzoate-degrading partner was probably greater than the apparent k(i) for th ... | 1988 | 16347699 |
| transcriptional responses to biologically relevant doses of uv-b radiation in the model archaeon, halobacterium sp. nrc-1. | most studies of the transcriptional response to uv radiation in living cells have used uv doses that are much higher than those encountered in the natural environment, and most focus on short-wave uv (uv-c) at 254 nm, a wavelength that never reaches the earth's surface. we have studied the transcriptional response of the sunlight-tolerant model archaeon, halobacterium sp. nrc-1, to low doses of mid-wave uv (uv-b) to assess its response to uv radiation that is likely to be more biologically relev ... | 2008 | 18759987 |
| characterization of the community structure of a dechlorinating mixed culture and comparisons of gene expression in planktonic and biofloc-associated "dehalococcoides" and methanospirillum species. | this study sought to characterize bacterial and archaeal populations in a perchloroethene- and butyrate-fed enrichment culture containing hydrogen-consuming "dehalococcoides ethenogenes" strain 195 and a methanospirillum hungatei strain. phylogenetic characterization of this microbial community was done via 16s rrna gene clone library and gradient gel electrophoresis analyses. fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to quantify populations of "dehalococcoides" and archaea and to examine the ... | 2008 | 18776027 |
| effect of tungsten and molybdenum on growth of a syntrophic coculture of syntrophobacter fumaroxidans and methanospirillum hungatei. | the effect of tungsten (w) and molybdenum (mo) on the growth of syntrophobacter fumaroxidans and methanospirillum hungatei was studied in syntrophic cultures and the pure cultures of both the organisms. cells that were grown syntropically were separated by percoll density centrifugation. measurement of hydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase levels in cell extracts of syntrophically grown cells correlated with the methane formation rates in the co-cultures. the effect of w and mo on the activity o ... | 2009 | 18795263 |
| changes in process performance and microbial characteristics of retained sludge during low-temperature operation of an egsb reactor. | a lab-scale expanded granular sludge bed (egsb) reactor was seeded with granular sludge and operated to investigate the influence of temperature decrease on both process performance and the microbial community structure of the granular sludge. synthetic wastewater containing sucrose and volatile fatty acids was used as feed. the egsb reactor was brought online at a starting temperature of 15 degrees c and was reduced stepwise to a final temperature of 5 degrees c. the reactor exhibited sufficien ... | 2008 | 18988102 |
| [microbial community in granules from an egsb reactor operated at 20 degrees c]. | the microbial communities in 6 granular sludge samples taken from a lab-scale egsb reactor operated under different organic loading rates (olr) at 20 degrees c were studied using pcr-dgge and rtq-pcr technique. the results indicate that as the olr increased from 1.5 kg/(m3 x d) to 10.0 kg/(m3 x d), the microbial communities of archaea and eubacteria in the 6 sludge samples are not changed greatly. the archaea population is highly similar among the 6 samples. the shannon indexes of archaea popula ... | 2008 | 19068643 |
| metabolism of hydroxylated and fluorinated benzoates by syntrophus aciditrophicus and detection of a fluorodiene metabolite. | transformations of 2-hydroxybenzoate and fluorobenzoate isomers were investigated in the strictly anaerobic syntrophus aciditrophicus to gain insight into the initial steps of the metabolism of aromatic acids. 2-hydroxybenzoate was metabolized to methane and acetate by s. aciditrophicus and methanospirillum hungatei cocultures and reduced to cyclohexane carboxylate by pure cultures of s. aciditrophicus when grown in the presence of crotonate. under both conditions, transient accumulation of benz ... | 2009 | 19114508 |
| reactor performance and microbial community of an egsb reactor operated at 20 and 15 degrees c. | to investigate the effects of low temperatures on the performance and microbial community of anaerobic wastewater treatment. | 2009 | 19320945 |
| genomic characterization of methanomicrobiales reveals three classes of methanogens. | methanomicrobiales is the least studied order of methanogens. while these organisms appear to be more closely related to the methanosarcinales in ribosomal-based phylogenetic analyses, they are metabolically more similar to class i methanogens. | 2009 | 19495416 |
| involvement of nadh:acceptor oxidoreductase and butyryl coenzyme a dehydrogenase in reversed electron transport during syntrophic butyrate oxidation by syntrophomonas wolfei. | methanogenic oxidation of butyrate to acetate requires a tight cooperation between the syntrophically fermenting syntrophomonas wolfei and the methanogen methanospirillum hungatei, and a reversed electron transport system in s. wolfei was postulated to shift electrons from butyryl coenzyme a (butyryl-coa) oxidation to the redox potential of nadh for h(2) generation. the metabolic activity of butyrate-oxidizing s. wolfei cells was measured via production of formazan and acetate from butyrate, wit ... | 2009 | 19648244 |
| direct inhibition of methanogenesis by ferric iron. | observed inhibition of methanogenesis under fe(iii)-reducing conditions is usually explained by competition of methanogens and fe(iii)-reducing bacteria for the common substrates acetate and hydrogen. however, substrate competition alone cannot explain the strong inhibition of methanogenesis during fe(iii)-reduction. we demonstrate direct inhibition of methanogenesis by amorphous fe(oh)3 at concentrations between 0 and 10 mm in experiments with pure cultures of methanogens. the sensitivity towar ... | 2004 | 19712419 |
| microbial community structure and population dynamics of granules developed in expanded granular sludge bed (egsb) reactors for the anaerobic treatment of low-strength wastewater at low temperature. | the anaerobic biological treatment of sucrose-based, low-strength wastewater was investigated in expanded granular sludge bed (egsb) reactors at low temperatures over a 300-day trial period. during the trial, the operating temperature was lowered in a stepwise manner from 20 degrees c to 5 degrees c. as a result, the reactors exhibited sufficient performances until 10 degrees c operation. the cod removal rate was 3.1-3.8 kgcod m(-3) day(-1) at 10 degrees c. in particular, the cod removal rate in ... | 2010 | 20390923 |
| microbial dynamics in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (uasb) bioreactor granules in response to short-term changes in substrate feed. | the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (uasb) reactor is a microcosm for the methanogenic degradation of organic matter in anaerobic environments, and depends on the auto-formation of dense 3d biofilms of 1-3 mm in diameter, referred to as granular sludge (biogranules). past research has shown that uasb and other methanogenic reactors are extremely stable functionally, but the underlying basis of the functional stability is not well understood. in this study, microbial dynamics in the communities r ... | 2010 | 20430810 |
| growth- and substrate-dependent transcription of formate dehydrogenase and hydrogenase coding genes in syntrophobacter fumaroxidans and methanospirillum hungatei. | transcription of genes coding for formate dehydrogenases (fdh genes) and hydrogenases (hyd genes) in syntrophobacter fumaroxidans and methanospirillum hungatei was studied following growth under different conditions. under all conditions tested, all fdh and hyd genes were transcribed. however, transcription levels of the individual genes varied depending on the substrate and growth conditions. our results strongly suggest that in syntrophically grown s. fumaroxidans cells, the [fefe]-hydrogenase ... | 2010 | 20884694 |
| transcription of fdh and hyd in syntrophobacter spp. and methanospirillum spp. as a diagnostic tool for monitoring anaerobic sludge deprived of molybdenum, tungsten and selenium. | formate dehydrogenases and hydrogenases contain molybdenum or tungsten and/or selenium. these enzymes are crucial for interspecies formate and hydrogen transfer between propionate degrading syntrophobacter spp. and methanogenic methanospirillum spp. here we used reverse transcription of total rna followed by quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) with specific primers to get insight into interspecies formate and hydrogen transfer. transcriptional regulation of formate dehydrogenases and hydrogenases in synt ... | 2011 | 21332622 |
| effects of hydrogen and acetate on benzene mineralisation under sulphate-reducing conditions. | syntrophic mineralisation of benzene, as recently proposed for a sulphate-reducing enrichment culture, was tested in product inhibition experiments with acetate and hydrogen, both putative intermediates of anaerobic benzene fermentation. using [(13)c(6)]-benzene enabled tracking the inhibition of benzene mineralisation sensitively by analysis of (13)co(2). in noninhibited cultures, hydrogen was detected at partial pressures of 2.4 × 10(-6) ± 1.5 × 10(-6) atm. acetate was detected at concentratio ... | 2011 | 21449939 |
| metabolism of h2 by desulfovibrio desulfuricans g20 during syntrophic growth on lactate. | syntrophic growth involves the oxidation of organic compounds and subsequent transfer of electrons to a h2- or formate-consuming microorganism. in order to identify genes specifically involved in syntrophic growth, a mutant library of desulfovibrio desulfuricans g20 was screened for loss of the ability to grow syntrophically with methanospirillum hungatei. a collection of twenty mutants with an impaired ability to grow syntrophically was obtained. all twenty mutants grew in pure culture on lacta ... | 2011 | 21798981 |
| structural, mass and elemental analyses of storage granules in methanogenic archaeal cells. | storage granules are an important component of metabolism in many organisms spanning the bacterial, eukaryal and archaeal domains, but systematic analysis of their organization inside cells is lacking. in this study, we identify and characterize granule-like inclusion bodies in a methanogenic archaeon, methanospirillum hungatei, an anaerobic microorganism that plays an important role in nutrient recycling in the ecosystem. using cryo electron microscopy, we show that granules in mature m. hungat ... | 2011 | 21854518 |
| methanogen community structure-activity relationship and bioaugmentation of overloaded anaerobic digesters. | accumulation of acids in anaerobic digesters after organic overload can inhibit or stop ch4 production. therefore, methods to reduce acid concentrations would be helpful. one potential method to improve recovery involves bioaugmentation, addition of specific microorganisms to improve performance. in this study, transiently overloaded digesters were bioaugmented with a propionate-degrading enrichment culture in an effort to decrease recovery time. biomass samples from 14 different, full-scale ana ... | 2011 | 21855955 |
| Archaeal community composition affects the function of anaerobic co-digesters in response to organic overload. | Microbial community diversity in two thermophilic laboratory-scale and three full-scale anaerobic co-digesters was analysed by genetic profiling based on PCR-amplified partial 16S rRNA genes. In parallel operated laboratory reactors a stepwise increase of the organic loading rate (OLR) resulted in a decrease of methane production and an accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). However, almost threefold different OLRs were necessary to inhibit the gas production in the reactors. During stable ... | 2011 | 22192420 |
| characterization of the archaeal community in a minerotrophic fen and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism-directed isolation of a novel hydrogenotrophic methanogen. | minerotrophic fen peatlands are widely distributed in northern latitudes and, because of their rapid turnover of organic matter, are potentially larger sources of atmospheric methane than bog peatlands per unit area. however, studies of the archaeal community composition in fens are scarce particularly in minerotrophic sites. several 16s rrna-based primer sets were used to obtain a broad characterization of the archaeal community in a minerotrophic fen in central new york state. a wide archaeal ... | 2008 | 18281434 |
| methane production in an uasb reactor operated under periodic mesophilic-thermophilic conditions. | methane production was studied in a laboratory-scale 10 l anaerobic upflow sludge bed (uasb) reactor with periodic variations of the reactor temperature. on a daily basis the temperature was varied between 35 and 45 degrees c or 35 and 55 degrees c with a heating period of 6 h. each temperature increase was accompanied by an increase in methane production and a decrease in the concentration of soluble organic matter in the effluent. in comparison to a reactor operated at 35 degrees c, a net incr ... | 2008 | 18383125 |