Publications

replication of mycoplasmavirus mvl51. iv. inhibition of viral synthesis by rifampin.	the effect of rifampin on the replication of mvl51, a bullet-shaped mycoplasmavirus with single-stranded circular dna of molecular weight 2 x 10(6), has been examined in a rifampin-resistant host cell. rifampin does not block the early steps in mvl51 infection but does decrease the total amount of parental viral dna taken up. the single-stranded parental viral dna that enters the cell is found in membrane-associated, double-stranded dna replicative forms i and ii. rifampin had no significant eff ...	1976	1271535
serum lipoproteins as cholesterol donors to mycoplasma membranes.		1976	1252244
experimental mycoplasma mastitis in mice.	thirteen strains of mycoplasma representing six different species, acholeplasma laidlawii, mycoplasma dispar, m. bovirhinis, m. bovigenitalium, m. agalactiae subsp. bovis, and m. mycoides subsp. mycoides, were inoculated into the mammary glands of mice, and the number of mycoplasmas present in the glands three days after inoculation was determined. the predominant response included involution of inoculated glands and a neutrophil infiltration. with the exception of m. dispar, the pathogenicity o ...	1976	776833
experimentally produced calf pneumonia.	experimental pneumonia was produced in calves by the endobronchial inoculation of pneumonic lung homogenates. irradiated homogenates produced minimal pneumonia. ampicillin treatment of the homogenates and the experimental calves reduced the extent of pneumonia. treatment with tylosin tartrate prevented experimental pneumonia. these results suggest that the total pneumonia was due to organisms susceptible to tylosin tartrate and that the residual pneumonia remaining after ampicillin treatment was ...	1976	1265354
replication of mycoplasmavirus mvl51. iii. identification of a progeny viral dna-protein intermediate.	intracellular replication of the non-lytic single stranded circular dna mycoplasmavirus mvl51 has been shown to involve three dna intermediates: rfi, rfii and ssi. growth in eagle's basal medium, rather than richer tryptose medium, has allowed the identification of an intermediate between nascent progeny chromosomes (ssi) and mature virus. this intermediate is a protein associated form of ssi.	1976	994855
acholeplasma laidawii mutant defective in glucose transport system.		1976	1001438
infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: experimental induction of infection in calves with mycoplasmas and moraxella bovis.	eyes of 14 calves were exposed by conjunctival instillation to cultures of either mycoplasma conjunctivae (6 calves) or acholeplasma laidlawii (8 calves). calves were observed for clinical signs of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk), and eyes were examined for the test organisms by bacteriologic cultural technique for 60 days. acholeplasma laidlawii became established in the eyes of 5 of 8 calves; m conjunctivae became established in the eyes of 4 of 6 calves. on day 28, eyes of 9 of t ...	1976	1275332
[localization and possible development cycle of mycoplasmas and bacterial l-forms in cell cultures].	using vital stain chlorazol-black e the authors studied the localization and behaviour of 5 mycoplasma species and the stable l-form of beta-hemolytic streptococcus of group a in various continuous cell lines. mycoplasmas and l-forms had a definite evolution cycle in the cells. at first they are arranged extracellularly and on the surface of the cells, and then intracellularly where they multiply intensively; later they are again localized on the surface of the cells and extracellularly. this cy ...	1976	1276447
phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance of acholeplasma laidlawii cell membranes and derived liposomes.	1. the 129 mhz 31p-nmr spectrum of acholeplasma laidlawii membranes is very similar to the spectrum of the derived liposomes and is a typical "solid state" spectrum in which the major contribution to the linewidth is made by the chemical shift anisotropy. from the value of the chemical shift anisotropy an order parameter of 0.15 is estimated for the lipid phosphates in both membranes. 2. the 31p-nmr spectrum of the a. laidlawii membrane is insensitive to pronase digestion of 4-60% of the membran ...	1976	174728
characterization of an acholeplasma laidlawii variant with a rep- phenotype.	an acholeplasma laidlawii variant has been isolated that has a rep- phenotype. the properties of this variant, relative to parental cells, are: (i) it exhibits no change in cell growth kinetics; (ii) it does not propagate single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) mycoplasmaviruses but does propagate double-stranded dna mycoplasmaviruses; (iii) it converts parental circular single-stranded mycoplasmavirus dna to double-stranded replicative forms that are not replicated further; (iv) it exhibits ...	1976	956119
simple method for immunofluorescent identification of mycoplasma colonies.	general purpose rubber stoppers proved to be a simple, rapid, and satisfactory method of transferring mycoplasma colonies from agar to microscope slides for immunofluorescence.	1976	770501
[isolation and characteristics of an acholeplasma laidlawii mutant with defective carbohydrate transport].		1976	976034
induction of interferon in ovine and human lymphocyte cultures by mycoplasmas.	mycoplasma pneumoniae, acholeplasma laidlawii, m. arthritidis, and m. pulmonis were shown to induce interferon in the lymphocyte fraction of ovine peripheral blood leukocytes, but not in the polymorphonuclear leukocyte fraction. human peripheral blood lymphocytes produced significant levels of interferon in response to infection with m. pneumoniae and m. synoviae. the antiviral substance induced by the mycoplasmas in human lymphocytes was characterized as interferon by the usual criteria.	1976	985808
[lipid composition of acholeplasma laidlawii cells].	lipid composition of the cells of acholeplasma laidlawii was studied by column and thin layer chromatography. lipids of the cells contain phospholipids (41.3%), glycolipids (28%) and neutral lipids. phospholipids are represented by monoacylglycerophosphoryldiglucosyldiglyceride, glycerophosphoryldiglucosyldiglyceride, phosphatidylglycerine and phosphatidic acid. glycolipids contained diglucosyldiglyceride and monoglucosyldiglyceride. the content of cholesterine was low (1.3%) while the content o ...	1976	1004257
[3-o-methl-d-glucose transport system in the cells of acholeplasma laidlawii].	in cells of acholeplasma laidlawii a constitutive system of transport of glucose derivate 3-o-methyl-d-glucose was found. this derivate penetrated into cells, without modification and accumulated in free state. the transport system was of enzymatic nature and exhibited sharp substrate specificity. the transport of 3-o-methyl-d-glucose was an active process and occurred against the concentrated gradient.	1976	1025884
topological features of membranes from staphylococcus aureus and acholeplasma laidlawii.	topological and ultrastructural features of membranes from walled and wall-less bacterial cells were compared by examining membranes from staphylococcus aureus and acholeplasma laidlawii. osmotic lysis of protoplasts of s. aureus or cells of a. laidlawii produced membrane vesicles or large membrane fragments, but alumina grinding or sonication of these protoplasts or cells produced much smaller particles whose morphologic origin was difficult to determine. disrupted membranes from either organis ...	1976	1026851
spread and control of mycoplasmal infection of cell cultures.	environmental sampling was performed during trypsinization and passage of 3t-6 cell cultures that contained a mean of 4.3 x 10(7) colony forming units (cfu) per ml supernatant of a. laidlawii. the lip of the culture flask and the outside of the used pipet were always heavily contaminated. the outside of the culture flask (3/7), the work surface (8/12) and the outside of a pan of disinfectant (4/5) were regularly contaminated with mycoplasmas. airborne mycoplasmas were detected eight of 32 times ...	1976	1034618
replication of mycoplasmavirus mvl51: attachment of mvl51 parental dna to host cell membrane.	the replication of the single-stranded circular dna of mvl51 mycoplasmavirus has been studied with respect to the roles of free and membrane-associated viral dna intermediates. replication involves the formation of parental replicative intermediate (rf) molecules on, at most, two to three membrane sites per cell, symmetric rf replication at the membrane and apparent asymmetric rf replication in the cytoplasm leading to single-stranded progeny chromosomes.	1976	1064049
inactivation of mycoplasmas by use of phenol, formalin and beta-propiolactone.		1976	819443
[the importance of mycoplasma in infectious processes (author's transl)].	mycoplasma pneumoniae, the pathogen responsible for primary atypical pneumonia, has appeared more frequently in recent years. while t-mycoplasma and mycoplasma hominis are found in greater numbers both in nonspecific urethritis and also in the genital flora, t-mycoplasma may also cause the formation of vesical calculi in animal experiments. mycoplasma can also be cultured from joint fluids, tumors and from blood samples from parturient women immediately after the birth.	1976	819817
ultrastructural visualization of anionic sites on mycoplasma membranes by polycationic ferritin.	anionic sites on mycoplasma membranes were visualized in the electron microscope by a polycationized ferritin derivative. the technique of thin sectioning was used. staining prior to fixation led to clustering of ferritin granules on the mycoplasma cell surface. on glutaraldehyde-fixed mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri, m. gallisepticum, m. pneumoniae, and acholeplasma laidlawii, the anionic sites were uniformly distributed over the entire membrane surface. m. hominis did not bind the polycationi ...	1976	776936
binding of plant lectins to mycoplasma cells and membranes.	the binding of iodinated wheat germ agglutinin, ricinus communis agglutinin, and concanavalin a to mycoplasma cells and membranes was examined. all mycoplasmas studied specifically bound concanavalin a or r. communis agglutinin and, to a lesser degree, wheat germ agglutinin. the binding of lectins to whole cells was similar to that recorded for membranes, suggesting that significant binding only occurred on the outer surface of the mycoplasma membrane. proteolysis of the membrane almost always ...	1976	789327
isoelectric focusing of mycoplasma proteins.	polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (pagif) in thin layer was used to resolve proteins of mycoplasma spp., acholeplasma spp., and eight strains of ureaplasma urealyticum (t-strain). a mixture of urea, triton x-100, and dithioerythritol was used to solubilize sonically disrupted cells. pagif was performed in the range of ph 3 to 10. protein patterns were carefully compared, demonstrating resolved and distinguishable species-specific protein bands. the eight serotypes of u. urealyticum (t-stra ...	1976	791125
interaction between tetanolysin and mycoplasma cell membrane.	1. a partially purified tetanolysin preparation lysed the sterol-requiring mycoplasma capricolum cells but had no effect on m. capricolum cells adapted to grow with no or very little cholesterol. the sterol-non-requiring acholeplasma laidlawii cells grown either in a cholesterol-rich or a cholesterol-poor medium were unaffected by the tetanolysin preparation. 2. the lysis of m. capricolum cells by the tetanolysin preparation was temperature dependent, inhibited by cholesterol, sublytic concentra ...	1976	793633
microcalorimetric detection of growth of mycoplasmatales.	a static ampoule microcalorimeter was used to study the growth of mycoplasmas, acholeplasmas and ureaplasmas. growth as indicated by thermograms was compared with the results of conventional methods, namely, terminal dilution counts, plate counts, turbidimetric measurements, glucose consumption and ph changes. removal of oxygen had little effect on mycoplasma growth. the microcalorimetric method is potentially useful for identifying and enumerating the members of the mycoplasmatales.	1976	11273
detection of serum proteins in the electrophoretic patterns of total proteins of mycoplasma cells.	the contamination of mycoplasma cell preparations by serum proteins originating from culture medium was studied. a. laidlawii and m. arthritidis cells were grown in the presence of 14c-aminoacids, and the cells were washed with 0-9% nac1 by threefold centrifugation. total proteins of the washed cells were analysed by sds gel electrophoresis. coomassie-stained electrophoretic patterns were compared with autoradiographs of the same gels. the stained electrophoretic pattern of washed a. laidlawii g ...	1976	10333
surface balance study of the interaction between microorganisms and lipid monolayer at the air/water interface.	using the surface balance technique, we have compared the interaction between acholeplasma laidlawii and some marine bacteria towards different types of monolayered lipid films. cells from a. laidlawii and serratia marinorubra penetrate the film, whereas cells from psuedomonas fluorescens form a layer underneath the film. the forces that bind microorganisms to the air/water interface are not strong enough to scatter a condensed monolayer but increase the strength of loosely packed monolayers.	1976	5058
properties of the 3-o-methyl-d-glucose transport system in acholeplasma laidlawii.	transport of 3-o-methyl-d-glucose (3-o-mg) by acholeplasma laidlawii cells was studied. the 3-o-mg transport system appeared to be constitutive in cells grown on 3-o-mg and glucose; the transport process depended on the concentration of substrate used and exhibited typical saturation kinetics, with an apparent km of 4.6 mum. 3-o-mg was transported as a free carbohydrate and was not metabolized further in the cell. dependence on ph and temperature and the results of efflux and "counterflow" exper ...	1976	1368
action of polymyxin b on bacterial membranes: phosphatidylglycerol- and cardiolipin-induced susceptibility to polymyxin b in acholeplasma laidlawii b.	to identify the polymyxin receptor molecules in the membranes of living microorganisms, fusion of intact acholeplasma laidlawii b with lipid vesicles was investigated according to the procedure of grant and mcconnell (1973). the naturally polymyxin-resistant a. laidlawii b was treated with phospholipid vesicles prepared from purified phospholipids of the polymyxin-susceptible salmonella typhimurium g30. a. laidlawii b absorbed between 15 and 45% of its own lipid content of the added tritium-labe ...	1976	176930
complement-mediated killing of acholeplasma laidlawii by antibodies to various membrane components.	mycoplasmas are useful models for biochemical studies of the mechanism of complement-mediated killing by antibodies to various membrane components. the purpose of this study was to determine the membrane antigens involved in immune killing of acholeplasma laidlawii. antibodies to a. laidlawii membrane total lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids could be induced in rabbits after injection of reaggregates of the purified lipids with mycoplasma hominis protein as the carrier. killing of a. laidlaw ...	1976	61175
the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide "oxidase" of acholeplasma laidlawii membranes.	an nadh dehydrogenase possessing a specific activity 3-5 times that of membrane-bound enzyme was obtained by extraction of acholeplasma laidlawii membranes with 9.0% ethanol at 43 degrees c. this dehydrogenase contained only trace amounts of iron (suggesting an uncoupled respiration), a flavin ratio of 1:2 fad to fmn and 30-40% lipid. its resistance to sedimentation is probably due to the high flotation density of the lipids. it efficiently utilized ferricyanide, menadione and dichlorophenol ind ...	1976	177076
thermotropic transitions in biomembranes.		1976	182064
variation in distribution of membrane particles in acholeplasma laidlawii b with ph.		1976	4629
cultivation of mycoplasmas in a modified tissue culture medium.	a new medium, which contained a chemically defined tissue culture base ("medium 199"), was developed for the cultivation of mycoplasmas. when supplemented with albumin, glucose, serum, and yeast extract, the new medium adequately supported the growth of mycoplasma and acholeplasma species.	1976	7199
reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase activity in membranes and cytoplasm of acholeplasma laidlawii and mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri.	the properties of the membrane-bound reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nadh) oxidase of acholeplasma laidlawii were compared with those of the corresponding cytoplasmic activity of mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri. the striking differences in ph optima, susceptibility to inhibitors and detergents, and heat inactivation between the nadh oxidase activity, with oxygen as an electron acceptor, and the nadh oxidoreductase activity, with dichlorophenol indophenol (dcpip) as an alternate elect ...	1976	11208
keratitis and acholeplasma laidlawi.		1976	61420
tween 20-soluble membrane proteins of a choleplasma laidlawii. fractionation in the presence of a tween 20 concentration slightly above its critical micelle concentration and in the absence of detergent by means of agarose-suspension electrophoresis.		1976	16386032
ultrastructural and cytochemical studies on anionic surface sites of mycoplasma membranes.	negatively charged, chemical groups on the surfaces of mycoplasma membranes were studied in the electron microscope by staining with positively charged ferric oxide hydrosols in the acetic acid (ai-reagent) or propanoic acid (pi-reagent), respectively. the technique of thin sectioning was used. with the ai-reagent, no significant binding of the ferric oxide particles was observed on the mycoplasma membranes. with the lipophilic pi-reagent, the membrane surfaces of m. mycoides subsp. capri, m. my ...	1977	65876
cholesterol transfer from serum lipoproteins to mycoplasma membranes.		1977	199249
[experimental infection of dogs with myocplasmas (acholeplasma laidlawii)].		1977	202113
ultrastructural localization of tellurite reduction in acholeplasma species.	aerobic reduction of tellurite by five acholeplasma species and two mycoplasma species was investigated by light and electron microscopy. among the acholeplasma species, colonies of a. laidlawii and a. oculi exhibited a heavy, macroscopically visible reduction of tellurite, whereas the reaction of a. axanthum was weaker. a. granularum and a. modicum did not reduce the substrate under the experimental conditions employed. the two subspecies of m. mycoides also reacted with tellurite, as did also ...	1977	329638
[experimental infection of mice, gerbils, and rats with mycoplasms from canine pericardium and cardial value (author's transl)].	mycoplasms isolated from heart valves (a. laidlawii (a 42 hzbtl)) and pericardium (m. canis (a 56 hzkl)) of dogs were investigated for infectivity of rats, mice and gerbils (meriones unguiculatus). in mice the species m. spumans (pg 13), m. maculosum (pg 15), m. edwardii (pg 24) and m. molare (h 542) were investigated too. the mycoplasmas were inoculated by oral, subcutaneous, intravenous and intraperitoneal route. intraperitoneally the mycoplasmas were given without and with complete and incomp ...	1977	595971
antibiotics for elimination of mycoplasmas and ureaplasma from bovine semen.	minocin at 500 micrograms/ml of semen extender eliminated ureaplasma from naturally or artificially infected bovine semen. minocin with lincospectin eliminated acholeplasma laidlawii, mycoplasma bovigenitalium, bovis, canadense, and arginini from artificially infected semen. stabilization times of 15 min at 35 c and 3 h at 4 c are important considerations to maximize antibiotic activity.	1977	141466
localization of a phosphoglycolipid in mycoplasma membranes using specific anti-lipid-antibodies.	a phosphoglycolipid, presumably identical to glyceryl-phosphoryldiglycosyl diglyceride, is the main component of the membrane glycolipids of mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri. it is immunologically active. anti-phosphoglycolipid antibodies were induced in rabbits by intravenous injection of the flocculated complexes of methylated bovine serum albumin with a mixture of the phosphoglycolipid and the auxiliary lipids, phosphatidyl-choline and cholesterol. the specificities of the antibodies directed ...	1977	337735
growth of an enveloped mycoplasmavirus and establishment of a carrier state.	the growth of an enveloped dna-containing mycoplasmavirus (mvl2 obtained from r.n. gourlay) has studied, by using the indicator host acholeplasma laidlawii strain ja1. from virus one-step growth curves, artificial lysis experiments, and infected cell growth curves, it was found that virus infection is nonlytic. newly infected cells grow slower and are osmotically more stable than uninfected cells. however, 4 to 6 h after infection, the cells reach a carrier state in which cell growth rate and os ...	1977	405508
effect of various culturing conditions of acholeplasma laidlawii on the yield and properties of the cells and cell membrane.	acholeplasma laidlawii strain b cell cultured in complex medium have an optimal temperature of growth at 31 degrees. maximal growth at this temperature is 80% higher than at 37 degrees. by stirring of the culture, the yield of the cell mass of 4 liter-cultures increases by 200%. with these modifications the yield of cell membranes increases 3--4 times with respect to that of static culturing at 37 degrees. membranes obtained from better aerated cultures have a lower flavin and carotenoid content ...	1977	67754
heterogeneity among strains of mycoplasmatales virus-laidlawii 2.	five isolates of mycoplasmatales virus-laidlawii 2 (mv-l2) derived from bovine strains of acholeplasma laidlawii were shown to differ in host range, plaque morphology and neutralization tests with mv-l2 antiserum. cross-testing using virus resistant clones of a. laidlawii confirmed the heterogeneity of this group. adaptation of viruses to sub-optimal host was demonstrated.	1977	560426
lymphocyte activation by various mycoplasma strains and species.	the capacity of various mycoplasma strains and species to induce lymphocyte transformation in vitro was studied. of six strains of mycoplasma pulmonis studied, five displayed mitogenic activity with rat lymphocytes. among those m. pulmonis strains, our mp15 isolate and the negroni strain exhibited particularly potent mitogenic capacity. the murine mycoplasmas m. neurolyticum and m. arthritidis shared this mitogenicity for rat lymphocytes. however, the human mycoplasmas m. fermentans, m. pneumoni ...	1977	562852
localization of enzymes in ureaplasma urealyticum (t-strain mycoplasma).	ureaplasma urealyticum cells were lysed by osmotic shock or by digitonin. the membrane fraction contained four to ten times as much protein as the cytoplasmic fraction. these values are in large excess of those reported for classical mycoplasmas, suggesting that the ureaplasma membrane fraction was heavily contaminated with proteins derived from the growth medium. the u. urealyticum urease activity was localized in the cytoplasmic fraction, whereas the adenosine triphosphatase activity was local ...	1977	15980
microbiological assay of thiopeptin in broiler rations.		1977	833096
[bovine mastitis caused by acholeplasms laidlawii].		1977	836266
acholeplasma laidlawii infection by group 3 mycoplasmavirus.		1977	841870
recognition of different pools of phosphatidylglycerol in intact cells and isolated membranes of acholeplasma laidlawii by phospholipase a2.	phospholipase a2 (ec 3.1.1.4) from pig pancreas hydrolyzes phosphatidylglycerol in intact cells and isolated membranes of acholeplasma laidlawii. complete degradation of phosphatidylglycerol in intact cells at 37 degrees c does not result in lysis as shown by the retention of intracellular k+ ions and the cytoplasmic glucose-6-phosphatase, as well as the inability to detect activity of membrane-bound intracellular nadh-oxidase. a. laidlawii was grown on linoleic acid. phospholipase a2 treatment ...	1977	191065
[characterization of acholeplasma strains by horizontal polyacrylamide flat gel electrophoresis (author's transl)].	proteins extracted with phenol-acetic acid-water (2:1:0.5, w/v/v) from acholeplasma laidlawii (pg 8), a. granularum (bts-39), a. oculi (19l), a. modicum (pg 49), a. axanthum (s743) and the acholeplasma strains c1 and c112 (which were isolated from aborted horse foetuses) were compared by electrophoresis in horizontal acidic polyacylamide flat gel using the electrophoresis equipment lkb multiphor 2117. in this system the gels are not prepared in the electrophoresis chamber but between glas plates ...	1977	848216
the removal of the neutral detergent tween 20 from solubilized membrane proteins of acholeplasma laidlawii and other proteins by agarose-suspension electrophoresis.		1977	848738
control of fatty acid composition of acholeplasma laidlawii membranes.	the temperature-dependent pattern of incorporation of palmitate and oleate from the growth medium into acholeplasma laidlawii membrane lipids correlates with the physical state of the membrane defined by calorimetry. both the pattern and the state can be changed at will by changing the fatty acid composition of the membrane lipids. the ratio of palmitate to oleate incorporated is independent of temperature when the membrane bilayer is below its transition and fully ordered, but becomes temperatu ...	1977	851532
[some biochemical properties of acholeplasma laidlawii mutants defective in glucose carrier].	some membrane properties of glucose transport system of acholeplasma laidlawii mutants uncapable of uptaking glucose as well as those of its non-metabolizing analogue, 3-0-methylglucose are studied. in contrast to the wild strain the mutant ptl-s cells fail to uptake carbohydrates with the saturation. there is no competition between carbohydrates during transport in this mutant no sugar exit is observed, and the sensitivity of transport to thiol reagents and pronase b is considerably affected. a ...	1977	851551
[basic evidence for the active transport of carbohydrates in the membrane vesicles of acholeplasma laidlawii cells].	a. laidlawii membrane vesicles are able to accumulate c14-glucose as well as maltose and fructose against the concentration gradient in the absence of exogeneous entergetic sources. sugar transport is inhibited by anaerobiosis and by the electron transfer inhibitors such as rotenone and amytal, and by proton conductors such as carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone. arsenate and dicyclohexylcarbodimide (inhibitor of membrane-bound atpase) do not inhibit the sugar transport. it is concluded that ...	1977	861265
qualitative and quantitative variations of membrane lipid species in acholeplasma laidlawii a.	in acholeplasma laidlawii a, strain ef 22, the relative amounts of the membrane polar lipids vary as a consequence of different fatty acid supplements to the growth medium. the number of lipid species also varies; a new apolar monoglucolipid containing four fatty acid residues was present only when saturated fatty acids dominated in the growth medium. a new phosphoglucolipid, probably with a glycerophosphoryl-monoglucosyldiglyceride structure, was also found. the most pronounced variations occur ...	1977	870042
reduction in cellular tumorigenicity after mycoplasma infection and elimination of mycoplasma from infected cultures by passage in nude mice.		1977	872095
a continuous spectrophotometric assay for membrane-bound lysophospholipases using a thioester substrate analog.		1977	891946
a mycoplasma mutant resistant to lysis by c: variations in membrane composition and altered response to the terminal c complex.		1977	894046
membrane lipid biosynthesis in acholeplasma laidlawii b. relationship between fatty acid structure and the positional distribution of esterified fatty acids in phospho- and glycolipids from growing cells.		1977	900942
membrane lipid biosynthesis in acholeplasma laidlawii b. investigations into the in vivo regulation of the quantity and hydrocarbon chain lengths of de novo biosynthesized fatty aicds in response to exogenously supplied fatty acids.		1977	900943
membrane lipid metabolism in acholeplasma laidlawii a during normal and temperature-shift-down conditions [proceedings].		1977	902894
antibodies to acholeplasma laidlawii membrane lipids in normal guinea pig serum.	acholeplasma laidlawii is killed and lysed by fresh normal guinea pig serum (gps) without additional antibodies. prior incubation of gps with whole a. laidlawii organisms abolishes the killing activity of gps. in the present study it was demonstrated that antibodies are present in normal gps. the classical pathway, not the alternative pathway, of the complement sequence was activated by these antibodies in fresh normal gps. the antibodies in gps belong to the igg class of immunoglobulins. they a ...	1977	908614
specific interaction of concanavalin a with glycolipid monolayers.	the effect of 131i-labelled concanavalin a on the surface pressure and surface radioactivity of monolayers formed from phospholipids and from natural and synthetic glycolipids has been studied. the lectin binds to and penetrates dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine monolayers at a surface pressure of 15 dynes/cm and this interaction is inhibited by the presence of alpha-methyl mannose in the subphase. at surface pressures of 25 dynes/cm or higher, concanavalin a will interact with monoglucosyl diglyc ...	1977	911832
[study of the initial parasitic relationship between a virus of the gourlay group l 1 and the cellular population of acholeplasma laidlawii].	the study of the relationship between mvl 51 virus, of the gourlay group l 1, and the mycoplasma cells of a. laidlawii during the first 35 min of infection leads to the conclusion that a "carrier state" has been established, free virus as well as infected and noninfected cells being present at the same time in the cultures. the evidence of a virus growth after 20 min of infection and the high level of remaining viable cells (1.15 x 10(8) cfu) at the end of the experiment also indicate that the c ...	1977	856420
phospholipid requirement of the membrane-bound mg2+-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase in acholeplasma laidlawaii.		1977	884075
effect of a. laidlawii on murine and human lymphocyte cultures.	heat-inactivated a. laidlawii (al) was found to be a potent mitogen for mouse spleen cells. spleen cells from homozygous nude mice and spleen cells treated with anti-theta serum and complement responded as well as their respective controls, indicating that al represented a b-cell mitogen for mouse spleen cells. spleen cells from lps-unresponsive c3h/hej mice responded well to al. the peripheral blood leucocytes from unselected human donors were also stimulated by al, which appeared to represent ...	1977	891034
host cell and ultraviolet reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated mycoplasmaviruses.	the mycoplasma acholeplasma laidlawii was shown to have mechanisms for both host cell and ultraviolet (uv) reactivation of uv-irradiated mycoplasmaviruses. host cell reactivation was examined by comparing the survival abilities of uv-irradiated double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid mycoplasmavirus plated on both untreated and on acriflavine-treated cells. acriflavine treatment inhibited cell exision repair. decreased survival on the acriflavine-treated cells demonstrated host cell reactivation. ...	1977	845120
[serum proteins in preparations of mycoplasma cells].		1977	899444
the lytic effect of lysolecithin on acholeplasmas and mycoplasmas.	lysolecithin exhibits a lytic activity on acholeplasmas and mycoplasmas. the acholeplasmas studied, viz. acholeplasma laidlawii a and b, were found less susceptible than were the mycoplasmas, viz. mycoplasma gallisepticum and m. pneumoniae. the sensitivity to lysis was found to differ according to species, growth temperature and number of organisms used. variations in age of the population and the concentration of bivalent ions in the test medium had but little influence. the greatest lytic acti ...	1977	899794
membrane lipid biosynthesis in acholeplasma laidlawii b: incorporation of exogenous fatty acids into membrane glyco- and phospholipids by growing cells.	the extent of incorporation of a wide variety of exogenous saturated, unsaturated, branched-chain, and cyclopropane fatty acids into the membrane lipids of acholeplasma laidlawii b was systematically studied. within each fatty acid class the extent of incorporation generally increased markedly with increasing chain length, reached a maximum, and then declined progressively but less sharply with further increases above that chain length giving maximal direct incorporation. certain shorter-chain m ...	1977	914776
membrane lipid biosynthesis in acholeplasma laidlawii b: de novo biosynthesis of saturated fatty acids by growing cells.	the de novo biosynthesis of fatty acids of 12 to 18 carbons from precursors of 5 carbons or fewer has been demonstrated in acholeplasma laidlawii b. radiolabeling experiments indicated that the normal primers for the synthesis of the even- and odd-chain fatty acids are acetate and propionate or valerate, respectively. saturated straight-chain monomethyl-branched fatty acids of up to five carbons were readily utilized as primers, wheras more highly branched species and those possessing halogen su ...	1977	914777
cholesterol-phosphatidylcholine dispersions as donors of cholesterol to mycoplasma membranes.	growing cells of sterol-requiring mycoplasma hominis and sterol non-requiring acholeplasma laidlawii were used to test the ability of cholesterol-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine dispersions to serve as cholesterol donors to these organisms. dispersions with high cholesterol to phosphatidylcholine ratios were more effective than dispersions with low cholesterol to phosphatidylcholine ratios in donating cholesterol to the membranes of both mycoplasmas and in promoting growth of the sterol-requirin ...	1977	921974
mycoplasma-dependent activation of normal lymphocytes: mitogenic potential of mycoplasmas for mouse lymphocytes.	nonviable preparations of a wide variety of glucose-utilizing mycoplasma species, including acholeplasma laidlawii and spiroplasma citri, were found to be mitogenic for mouse lymphocytes. particularly strong reactions were obtained with mycoplasma synoviae, m. gallisepticum, m. pneumoniae, s. citri, and a strain of m. fermentans that was previously isolated from a leukemic patient. nonviable preparations of arginine-utilizing mycoplasmas inhibited the uptake of [3h]thymidine by lymphocytes, but ...	1977	924676
membrane lipid metabolism in acholeplasma laidlawii a ef 22. influence of cholesterol and temperature shift-down on incorporation of fatty acids and synthesis of membrane lipid species.	1. membrane lipid metabolism in acholeplasma laidlowii a ef 22 has been studied under different conditions by applying three different techniques for changing membrane viscosity: fatty acid and cholesterol supplementation and temperature changes. 2. the molar relationship between the two dominating membrane lipids, monoglucosyldiglyceride and diglucosyldiglyceride, is to a large extent determined by membrane viscosity properties. this is shown by the varying metabolic responses occurring during ...	1978	639825
induction of a ph-stable interferon in sheep lymphocytes by mycoplasmatales virus mvl2.	the data presented in this report show that the enveloped mycoplasmatales virus mvl2 is capable of interferon induction in sheep peripheral blood lymphocytes. the phenomenon was dose dependent, requiring approximately 10(8) plaque-forming units of virus per 2 x 10(6) lymphocytes. the interferon was stable to ph 2.0 treatment, was produced in moderately high levels (greater than 1,000 units), and met many of the criteria for classification as a type i interferon. heat-inactivated mlv2 lost its ab ...	1978	669793
crossed immunoelectrophoresis, in the presence of tween 20 or sodium deoxycholate, of purified membrane proteins from acholeplasma laidlawii.	five membrane proteins from acholeplasma laidlawii have been previously purified on a large scale. these proteins have been used to establish the relationship between the precipitation lines obtained by crossed immunoelectrophoresis of solubilized cell membrane proteins from a. laidlawii in the presence of the neutral detergent tween 20 or those obtained in the presence of the anionic detergent sodium deoxycholate. this relationship, which was unambiguously established for four of the five prote ...	1978	711668
differences in incorporation of nucleic acid bases and nucleosides by various mycoplasma and acholeplasma species.	eight species representative of the serological diversity of the mycoplasmatales were tested for their ability to incorporate radiolabeled nucleic acid precursors into acid-insoluble material. cultures in complex growth medium were centrifuged and resuspended in minimal essential medium (eagle). for acholeplasma laidlawii, labeling occurred mainly during the first 4 h of incubation, with substrate saturation at 20 micron. all organisms tested incorporated uracil, adenine, and guanine; none incor ...	1978	681280
properties of a persistent viral infection: possible lysogeny by an enveloped nonlytic mycoplasmavirus.	mvl2, an enveloped double-stranded dna mycoplasmavirus, causes a nonlytic infection of acholeplasma laidlawii leading to the establishment of a persistent infection. persistently infected clones were found to be resistant to superinfection by homologous virus, but could be infected by heterologous virus. cells in a persistently infected culture had the potential to produce virus and transmitted this potential as a stable heritable trait. mitomycin c and uv light induced an increase in infectious ...	1978	702650
water binding and phase structures for different acholeplasma laidlawii membrane lipids studied by deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance and x-ray diffraction.	water binding capability and phase structures for different lipid species extracted from acholeplasma laidlawii a membranes have been studied using deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance and low-angle x-ray diffraction. the dominating membrane lipids are monoglucosyldiglyceride and diglucosyldiglyceride and each of them takes up limited amounts of water (bound plus trapped), i.e., up to 13% (w/w), whereas the phospholipids and phosphoglycolipids have larger hydration capacities. addition of magnesi ...	1978	708724
rapid spectrophotometric determination of acholeplasma laidlawii membranes.	the amount of acholeplasma laidlawii membranes can be accurately, rapidly, and simply determined by spectrophotometric measurements after solubilization in 0.02 m sds, 0.02 m tris-hcl (ph 8.0). extinction coefficients from the 260- to 300-nm-absorption region are adequate for quantitative membrane determination. the following values were found: e1%1cm,280 = 9.11 +/- 0.63, e1%,s1cm,280 = 8.52 +/- 0.40 (corrected for light scattering), e1%1cm,280--310 = 8.15 +/- 0.35. the last value is the most sa ...	1978	709438
isolation of mycoplasma arginini from swine and from a swine waste disposal system.	mycoplasma arginini was isolated from the pharynges and tonsils of 4 of 6 swine necropsied during an epizootic of respiratory tract diseases and lameness. the organism was also isolated from 2 of 16 asymptomatic swine examined in the same herd approximately 10 months after the epizootic. in addition, m arginini, acholeplasma laidlawii, and other acholeplasmas were isolated from recycled effluent of an anaerobic lagoon used for disposal of waste from the swine herd. this observation represents th ...	1978	677536
[lung tissue alterations following experimental infection of mice with acholeplasmae isolated from simians with hematosarcoma].	this paper is devoted to the study of pathogenic acholeplasmae potencies. two strains of acholeplasmae isolated from the blood and organs of papio hamadryas suffering from hemoblastosis and a standard ach. laidlawii a. strain were subjected to the comparative study with the use of a "pulmonary model" in experiments on mice. morphological investigations showed affections of the pulmonary tissue characterized by stage-by-stage inflammatory-destructive changes analogous to the lesions found in "myc ...	1978	665035
replication of mycoplasmavirus mvl51. v. in vivo synthesis of virus-specific proteins.		1978	664226
physico-chemical properties of phosphatidylglycerol in membranes of acholeplasma laidlawii. a study with phospholipase a2.		1978	648516
disposition of membrane proteins as affected by changes in the electrochemical gradient across mycoplasma membranes.		1978	718682
cholesterol uptake is dependent on membrane fluidity in mycoplasmas.	the transfer of elaidate-enriched acholeplasma laidlawii cells in culture from 37 degrees c to 4 degrees c virtually arrested exogenous cholesterol incorporation into the cell membrane. cholesterol uptake continued, though at a slower rate, in oleate-enriched a. laidlawii cells undergoing similar temperature shift-down. it is concluded that the incorporation of exogenous cholesterol into the cell membrane of living mycoplasmas is rapid when the membrane lipid bilayer is in the liquid-crystalline ...	1978	718901
effect of acriflavine on ultraviolet inactivation of acholeplasma laidlawii.	an increased sensitivity to inactivation was observed when ultraviolet light-irradiated acholeplasma laidlawii cells were plated on medium containing either acriflavine or chloramphenicol. chloramphenicol reduced liquid holding recovery (dark repair) to about 10% of that in untreated irradiated cells. in acriflavine treated cells no dark repair could be observed and there was a progressive degradation of cell dna during holding. while the primary effect of acriflavine may be to inhibit excision ...	1978	718990
photodynamic inactivation and its repair in mycoplasmas.	photodynamic inactivation is the loss in viability observed when organic dye-treated cells are exposed to visible light and molecular oxygen. the photodynamic inactivation of mycoplasmas, the smallest free living cells, has been studied. depending on the extent of inactivation in acholeplasma laidlawii, photodynamic induced damage can be repaired if the irradiated cells are incubated in the dark in buffer. analysis of the dna of these cells shows that photodynamic inactivation induces single str ...	1978	728473
[structural study of mycoplasma by a scanning electron microscopy method].	scanning electron microscopy was applied to the study of mycoplasma arthritidis, myc. gallisepticum, and acholeplasma laidlawii. small spherical elements (0.3--0.5 micrometer) formed a reticular "framework" of the colonies in which larger (1--1.5 micrometer) spheroid or irregular-shaped cells (in case of myc. gallisepticum) and also rod-shaped (1--3 micrometer), filamentous (3--5 micrometer) forms and "large bodies" (5 x 3--8 x 3.5 micrometer) were located. apparently the latter represented cong ...	1978	747025
sensitivites in vitro to antimicrobial drugs of bovine mycoplasmas isolated from respiratory and genital tracts.	a total of 155 mycoplasma strains were examined for sensitivity to nine antibiotics and four nitrofurans by the agar dilution method. they consisted of 69 strains of mycoplasma bovirhinis, 33 strains of m. bovigenitalium, 49 strains of acholeplasma laidlawii and four strains of a. modicum isolated from the nasal secretions, tracheas and lungs of calves manifesting respiratory symptoms and from bovine genital tracts collected at a slaughterhouse. as a result, furamizole and mitomycin c showed the ...	1978	652043
the positional distribution of a series of positional isomers of cis-octadecenoic acid in phosphatidylglycerol from acholeplasma laidlawii b.		1978	656453
[energetics of active carbohydrate transport into mycoplasma cells].	possible energy supply pathways of active transport of non-metabolized 3-o-methylglucose (3-o-mg) into acholeplasma laidlawii cells are studied. 3-o-mg transport is sensitive to arsenate, inhibitors of glucolysis and membrane mg-dependent atpase (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) and to uncoupling agents. it is suggested that glycolysis is the main energy source, which main enzymes are found in cell-free extracts. a. laidlawii cells are capable to glycolytic atp synthesis using glucose as a substrate bu ...	1978	656486
efficiency and specificity of the sequential extraction of membrane proteins of acholeplasma laidlawii with the neutral detergent tween 20.		1978	658403
endogenous hprt activity in mycoplasmas isolated from cell cultures.	five mycoplasma species most frequently isolated from cell cultures were tested for the presence of endogenous hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl-transferase (hprt) activity. all of the five, cultured in cell-free medium, contained variable but significant levels of hprt. two strains of m. hyorhinis exhibited a 13-fold difference in their specific hprt activity. when infected with any of these mycoplasma species, hprt-deficient mouse cell mutants rapidly acquired a cell-associated hprt activity; howeve ...	1978	569123
physiological role and membrane lipid modulation of the membrane-bound (mg2+, na+)-adenosine triphosphatase activity in acholeplasma laidlawii.	the membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase (atpase) activity of acholeplasma laidlawii b differs in many respects from the common (mg2+, ca2+)-atpase activity of higher bacteria, most notably in that it is specifically activated by mg2+ and strongly and specifically stimulated by na+ (or li+). various inhibitors diminish the atpase activity with a concentration dependence which suggests that a single enzyme species is responsible for all of the observed atp hydrolytic activity (both basal and n ...	1978	31351
lipid compositional manipulation in acholeplasma laidlawii b. effect of exogenous fatty acids on fatty acid composition and cell growth when endogenous fatty acid production is inhibited.	a variety of potential inhibitors of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis have been tested for activity in acholeplasma laidlawii b. two compounds, avidin and n,n-dimethyl-4-oxo-2trans-dodecenamide (cm-55), an antimicrobial fatty amide, strongly inhibit de novo biosynthesis without nonspecific toxic effects at moderate dosages. avidin is the more potent inhibitor, abolishing de novo fatty acid synthesis and greatly reducing the chain elongation of exogenous fatty acids at level of 25 u/l. cm-55 gives ...	1978	667693