| x-ray studies on the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide gramicidin s with microbial lipid extracts: evidence for cubic phase formation. | we have investigated the effect of the interaction of the antimicrobial peptide gramicidin s (gs) on the thermotropic phase behavior of model lipid bilayer membranes generated from the total membrane lipids of acholeplasma laidlawii b and escherichia coli. the a. laidlawii b membrane lipids consist primarily of neutral glycolipids and anionic phospholipids, while the e. coli inner membrane lipids consist exclusively of zwitterionic and anionic phospholipids. we show that the addition of gs at a ... | 2000 | 11018666 |
| alpha-methylene ordering of acyl chains differs in glucolipids and phosphatidylglycerol from acholeplasma laidlawii membranes: (2)h-nmr quadrupole splittings from individual lipids in mixed bilayers. | a acholeplasma laidlawii strain a-ef22 was grown in a medium supplemented with alpha-deuterated oleic acid. phosphatidylglycerol (pg), the glucolipids monoglucosyldiacylglycerol (mglcdag), diglucosyldiacylglycerol (dglcdag) and monoacyldiglucosyldiacylglycerol, and the phosphoglucolipid glycerophosphoryldiglucosyldiacylglycerol (gpdglcdag) were purified, and the phase behaviour and molecular ordering for the individual lipids, as well as for mixtures of the lipids, were studied by (2)h-, (31)p-n ... | 2000 | 11018677 |
| effect of some psychotropic drugs and a barbiturate on mycoplasmas. | the inhibitory effect of selected membrane stabilisers on mycoplasma pneumoniae, m. hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum was investigated in vitro. the phenothiazine chlorpromazine (cpz) and the barbiturate thiopental (leopental(r)) as well as the stereo-isomeric thioxanthene derivatives; cis(z)-clopenthixol (zu-clopenthixol(r))/ trans (e)-clopenthixol and cis (z)-chlorprothixen (truxal(r))/trans(e)-chlorprothixen, all have antimycoplasmal effect in the range 3.9-312 mg/l, measured as growth inhib ... | 2000 | 10773494 |
| [cytotoxic activity of melittin expressed by recombinant vectors in acholeplasma laidlawii and mycoplasma hominis cells]. | recombinant plasmids containing the mellitin gene under the control of the lac and the tetm gene promoters were used for studying cytotoxic activity of mellitin in cells of mollicutes (mycoplasmas) and escherichia coli. after transformation of acholeplasma laidlawii and mycoplasma hominis cells with recombinant plasmid dnas by electroporation, cell growth was suppressed. the expression of the mellitin gene in a. laidlawii and m. hominis cells was demonstrated using the reverse transcription poly ... | 2001 | 11234424 |
| [analysis of genes, coding for dna gyrase from the mycoplasma acholeplasma laidlawii pg-8b]. | | 2000 | 10779957 |
| retention of water-borne bacteria by membrane filters. part iii: bacterial challenge tests on 0.1 micron rated filters. | clear performance differences were observed between different 0.1 micron rated filters in terms of their microbial removal efficiency when challenged with naturally occurring waterborne bacteria from a water source. penetration occurred with three 0.1 micron rated "sterilizing grade" filter types tested, from three different filter manufacturers, that did not have a specific high titer reduction claim for acholeplasma laidlawii. bacteria shown to penetrate these 0.1 micron rated filters were qui ... | 2001 | 11310317 |
| binding of glycoglycerolipid derived from membranes of acholeplasma laidlawii pg8 and synthetic analogues to lymphoid cells. | a component that binds to human lymphoid cells was isolated from the membranes of acholeplasma laidlawii pg8. the component was extracted using the bligh-dyer method and purified using a silica-gel column and tlc. the active component was identified as 3-o:-[2'-o-(alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)- 6'-o-acyl-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl]-1,2-di-o- acyl-sn-glycerol (gagdg) using (1)h- and (13)c-nmr and gc-ms. the compositions of the major saturated fatty acids were nc (14) (17.8%), isoc(14) (10.7%) and nc (16) ( ... | 2000 | 10974119 |
| sequence properties of the 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-glucosyltransferase from acholeplasma laidlawii membranes. recognition of a large group of lipid glycosyltransferases in eubacteria and archaea. | synthesis of the nonbilayer-prone alpha-monoglucosyldiacylglycerol (mglcdag) is crucial for bilayer packing properties and the lipid surface charge density in the membrane of acholeplasma laidlawii. the gene for the responsible, membrane-bound glucosyltransferase (almgs) (ec ) was sequenced and functionally cloned in escherichia coli, yielding mglcdag in the recombinants. similar amino acid sequences were encoded in the genomes of several gram-positive bacteria (especially pathogens), thermophil ... | 2001 | 11294844 |
| [effect of mycoplasma contamination of a human cervical carcinoma cell line m hela clone 11 on karyotypic variability]. | the karyotypic variability has been investigated for an immortalized human epithelioid cervix carcinoma cell line m hela clone 11, cultivated for 15-60 days after contamination with acholeplasma laidlawii a, strain pg-8, and for 30 days after contamination with mycoplasma arginini r-16. the character of cell distribution for chromosome number changes in contaminated cells significantly, as compared to the control. so, the frequency of cells with the modal number of chromosomes being equal to 50 ... | 2000 | 11033866 |
| [changes in acholeplasma laidlawii plasma membrane functions during development of resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline]. | the role of transport activity of acholeplasma laidlawii plasmatic membrane in the development of resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was investigated. it was shown that one of the important steps of resistance development in acholeplasms is a complex of adaptation metabolic reactions providing limited antibiotic accumulation by the cells. in the case of ciprofloxacin resistance metabolism changes concerning transport systems took place before mutations in target genes. development of t ... | 2001 | 11548275 |
| chemical analysis of lipid-modified membrane proteins in acholeplasma laidlawii. | the lipid modification of membrane proteins was investigated in acholeplasma laidlawii by metabolic labeling and by chemical analysis. a s-glycerylcysteine residue was identified from membrane proteins and we reported the strong preference for saturated acyl chains into the lipid modification. differential release of fatty acids revealed a ratio [(o-ester- + amide-bound acyl chains)/o-ester-linked chains] close to 1.1 which suggests the involvement of only two o-ester linked fatty acids in the a ... | 2001 | 11685510 |
| acholeplasma laidlawii up-regulates granulysin gene expression via transcription factor activator protein-1 in a human monocytic cell line, thp-1. | an antimicrobial protein granulysin is constitutively expressed in cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) and natural killer (nk) cells. however, little is known about the precise regulatory mechanisms underlying granulysin gene expression. in this study, we examined the regulatory mechanisms underlying granulysin gene expression using a human monocytic cell line, thp-1, treated with acholeplasma laidlawii. the level of granulysin mrna expression in thp-1 cells was significantly augmented in response to ... | 2001 | 11722647 |
| comparative studies of the persistence of animal mycoplasmas under different environmental conditions. | a comparison of the persistence of mycoplasmas in animals was carried out. when inoculated into liquid media, strains of mycoplasma bovis, m. arginini, acholeplasma laidlawii, and a. axanthum persisted for 59-185 days post-inoculation. the survival periods were not significantly influenced by temperature (4, 30, 37 degrees c, and room temperature). the survival periods for m. bovigenitalium, m. gallisepticum, m. bovirhinis, and m. gateae ranged from <7 to 185 days depending on medium components ... | 2001 | 11470544 |
| method for qualifying microbial removal performance of 0.1 micron rated filters. part i: characterization of water isolates for potential use as standard challenge organisms to qualify 0.1 micron rated filters. | although 0.1 microm rated filters intended for pharmaceutical sterilization applications have been commercially available for at least 15 years, there is no industry-wide standard for qualifying the microbial removal performance of these filters. in this article, we report on the bacterial challenge methodology used to screen four bacterial species for potential utility as a standard challenge organism to qualify 0.1 microm rated filters. these isolates were, in their natural state, demonstrated ... | 2001 | 11766822 |
| method for qualifying microbial removal performance of 0.1 micron rated filters. part ii: preliminary characterization of hydrogenophaga (formerly pseudomonas) pseudoflava for use as a standard challenge organism to qualify 0.1 micron rated filters. | in this article, we report on the preliminary characterization of hydrogenophaga (formerly pseudomonas) pseudoflava for potential use as a standard challenge organism to qualify 0.1 microm rated filters. filter-cloned h. pseudoflava (atcc 700892) was easily cultured in a low nutrient broth (r2a broth) under standard laboratory conditions, reaching high titers of 10(8)-10(9) cfu/ml within 48-65 hours of incubation at 25+/-5 degrees c. under these conditions, h. pseudoflava is a rod-shaped bacteri ... | 2001 | 11766823 |
| effects of synthetic cecropin analogs on in vitro growth of acholeplasma laidlawii. | four synthetic peptides (peptidyl mims; demeter biotechnologies, inc.) were evaluated for their in vitro activity against acholeplasma laidlawii. fifty percent effective concentration values ranged from 1 to 15 microm. three of these compounds are more lethal than cecropin b against a. laidlawii. | 2001 | 11353647 |
| antiserum raised against gyrase a of acholeplasma laidlawii reacts with phytoplasma proteins. | part of the gyrase a gene (gyra) of acholeplasma laidlawii was cloned and incorporated directly downstream from a 6 x his tag segment of the pqe expression vector. the 23-kda fusion protein was expressed as a 6 x his-tagged protein in escherichia coli. the fusion protein was purified and used as an antigen for rabbit immunization. western immunoblot analysis revealed that the antiserum raised against the gyrase a fragment had a specific affinity for a 108-kda protein of a. laidlawii and cross-re ... | 2002 | 11814658 |
| comparative pcr analysis for detection of mycoplasma infections in continuous cell lines. | mycoplasma contamination of cell lines is one of the major problems in cell culturing. about 15-35% of all cell lines are infected with a limited number of mycoplasma species of predominantly human, swine, or bovine origin. we examined the mycoplasma contamination status in 495 cell cultures by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay, microbiological culture method, and deoxyribonucleic acid-ribonucleic acid (dna-rna) hybridization, and in 103 cell cultures by pcr and dna-rna hybridization, in ord ... | 2002 | 11928999 |
| species-specific pcr for identification of common contaminant mollicutes in cell culture. | mycoplasma arginini, m. fermentans, m. hyorhinis, m. orale, and acholeplasma laidlawii are the members of the class mollicutes most commonly found in contaminated cell cultures. previous studies have shown that the published pcr primer pairs designed to detect mollicutes in cell cultures are not entirely specific. the 16s rrna gene, the 16s-23s rrna intergenic spacer region, and the 5' end of the 23s rrna gene, as a whole, are promising targets for design of mollicute species-specific primer pai ... | 2001 | 11425741 |
| nisin resistance distinguishes mycoplasma spp. from acholeplasma spp. and provides a basis for selective growth media. | the sensitivity of 11 mycoplasma and 5 acholeplasma species to the bacteriocin nisin was determined. when applied on filter paper discs to lawns of acholeplasma cells, nisin (20 nmol per disc) gave 3.5- to 7.0-mm zones of growth inhibition. the inclusion of 0.2 mm nisin in agar medium reduced the number of acholeplasma laidlawii colonies by a factor of more than 10(6), and in a salts solution, 75 microm nisin killed more than 99.9% of cells within 1 min. under similar conditions, nisin had no si ... | 1996 | 11783455 |
| another cut for lysine trna: application of the hyperprocessing reaction reveals another stabilization strategy in metazoan lysine trnas. | recently, we revealed that the cloverleaf structure of some eukaryotic trnas is not always stable in vitro, and the denatured structures of these trnas are sometimes detected in bacterial rnase p reactions. we have designated the unusual internal cleavage reaction of these trnas as hyperprocessing. we have developed this hyperprocessing strategy as a useful tool for examining the stability of the trna cloverleaf structure. there are some common features in such unstable, hyperprocessible trnas, ... | 2002 | 12038980 |
| the biosynthetic incorporation of short-chain linear saturated fatty acids by acholeplasma laidlawii b may suppress cell growth by perturbing membrane lipid polar headgroup distribution. | acholeplasma laidlawii b cells made fatty acid auxotrophic by growth in the presence of the biotin-binding agent avidin grow increasingly poorly at 37 degrees c when supplemented with single exogenous linear saturated fatty acids of decreasing hydrocarbon chain length. interestingly, this progressive decrease in growth yields with decreasing hydrocarbon chain length is not observed when cells are cultured in the presence of other classes of exogenous fatty acids. moreover, normal growth is obser ... | 2002 | 12093284 |
| performance of a novel viresolve nfr virus filter. | mammalian cell-expressed therapeutic proteins are particularly vulnerable to contamination by endogenous retrovirus-like particles (rvlps). the viresolve nfr filter was designed to meet the critical requirement of manufacturing a safe and virus-free therapeutic by retaining rvlps by a minimum of six log reduction value (lrv). the nfr designation refers to retrovirus removal in a normal flow format. to qualify the product, we tested two model viruses: the 78 nm diameter phi6 bacteriophage and the ... | 2002 | 12153313 |
| regulation of lipid composition in acholeplasma laidlawii and escherichia coli membranes: nmr studies of lipid lateral diffusion at different growth temperatures. | lipid lateral diffusion coefficients have been directly determined by pulsed field gradient nmr spectroscopy on macroscopically aligned, fully hydrated lamellar phases containing dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and total lipid extracts from acholeplasma laidlawii and escherichia coli. the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient was of the arrhenius type in the temperature interval studied. the sharp increase in the diffusion coefficient at the growth temperature of e. coli obtained by ... | 2002 | 12234195 |
| novel deoxynucleoside-phosphorylating enzymes in mycoplasmas: evidence for efficient utilization of deoxynucleosides. | mycoplasmas are unable to synthesize purine and pyrimidine bases de novo. therefore, salvage of existing nucleosides and bases is essential for their survival. four mycoplasma species were studied with regard to their ability to phosphorylate deoxynucleosides. high levels of thymidine kinase (tk), deoxycytidine kinase (dck), deoxyguanosine kinase (dgk) and deoxyadenosine kinase (dak) activities were detected in extracts from mycoplasma pneumoniae, mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides sc (m. mymys ... | 2001 | 11737647 |
| ph-dependent changes in density of plasma membranes of growing mycoplasma laidlawii cells. | | 1970 | 11945407 |
| opposing roles of activator protein-1 and ccaat/enhancer binding protein beta in the regulation of inducible granulysin gene expression in a human monocytic cell line, thp-1. | we previously reported that inducible granulysin gene expression in a human monocytic cell line, thp-1 is dominantly dependent on transcription factor activator protein-1 (ap-1). here, we further examined the precise regulatory mechanisms underlying granulysin gene expression using thp-1 cells treated with acholeplasma laidlawii. transfection of reporter gene constructs into thp-1 cells indicated that the presence of a positive regulatory element(s) is located from -329 to -85 base pairs, contai ... | 2002 | 12460196 |
| phase transitions and bilayer structure of mycoplasma laidlawii b. | | 1971 | 11945568 |
| differential inhibition of mollicute growth: an approach to development of selective media for specific mollicutes. | the energy-generating pathways of mycoplasma spp. are diverse. thus, it was predicted that the ability of inhibitors of these pathways to block growth would vary among species. this prediction was tested with 14 mycoplasma species and potential inhibitors. the greatest differentiation among test species was obtained using fluoride, iodoacetate (iaa), beta-fluoropyruvate (fp), cibacron blue (cb), l-citrulline, and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. a range of other potential inhibitors, in ... | 2002 | 12324351 |
| the effects of ring-size analogs of the antimicrobial peptide gramicidin s on phospholipid bilayer model membranes and on the growth of acholeplasma laidlawii b. | we have examined the effects of three ring-size analogs of the cyclic beta-sheet antimicrobial peptide gramicidin s (gs) on the thermotropic phase behavior and permeability of phospholipid model membranes and on the growth of the cell wall-less gram-positive bacteria acholeplasma laidlawii b. these three analogs have ring sizes of 10 (gs10), 12 (gs12) or 14 (gs14) amino acids, respectively. our high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetric studies indicate that all three of these gs analog ... | 2002 | 12444980 |
| effect of independent variations in fatty acid structure and chain length on lipid polar headgroup composition in acholeplasma laidlawii b membranes: regulation of lamellar/nonlamellar phase propensity. | we have studied the biosynthetic regulation of the membrane lipid polar headgroup distribution in acholeplasma laidlawii b cells made fatty acid auxotrophic by growth in the presence of the biotin-binding agent avidin to test whether this organism has the ability to coherently regulate the lamellar/nonlamellar phase propensity of its membrane lipids. the addition of various single normal growth-supporting exogenous fatty acids to such cell cultures produces fatty acid-homogeneous cells in which ... | 2003 | 12564934 |
| structural features of glycosyltransferases synthesizing major bilayer and nonbilayer-prone membrane lipids in acholeplasma laidlawii and streptococcus pneumoniae. | in membranes of acholeplasma laidlawii two consecutively acting glucosyltransferases, the (i) alpha-monoglucosyldiacylglycerol (mglcdag) synthase (almgs) (ec ) and the (ii) alpha-diglucosyl-dag (dglcdag) synthase (aldgs) (ec ), are involved in maintaining (i) a certain anionic lipid surface charge density and (ii) constant nonbilayer/bilayer conditions (curvature packing stress), respectively. cloning of the aldgs gene revealed related uncharacterized sequence analogs especially in several gram- ... | 2003 | 12464611 |
| fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study of the interactions of a strongly antimicrobial but weakly hemolytic analogue of gramicidin s with lipid micelles and lipid bilayer membranes. | cyclo[vkldkvdyplkvkldyp] (gs14dk(4)), a synthetic tetradecameric ring-size analogue of the naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide gramicidin s (gs), retains the strong antimicrobial activity of gs but is 15-20 times less hemolytic. to characterize its interaction with lipid membranes and to understand the molecular basis of its capacity to lyse bacterial cells, in preference to erythrocytes, we have investigated the interactions of gs14dk(4) with detergent micelles and with lipid bilayer mode ... | 2003 | 12525171 |
| irreversible binding and activity control of the 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-glucosyltransferase from acholeplasma laidlawii at an anionic lipid bilayer surface. | 1,2-diacylglycerol 3-glucosyltransferase is associated with the membrane surface catalyzing the synthesis of the major nonbilayer-prone lipid alpha-monoglucosyl diacylglycerol (mglcdag) from 1,2-dag in the cell wall-less acholeplasma laidlawii. phosphatidylglycerol (pg), but not neutral or zwitterionic lipids, seems to be essential for an active conformation and function of the enzyme. surface plasmon resonance analysis was employed to study association of the enzyme with lipid bilayers. binding ... | 2003 | 12911309 |
| colistin sulfate as a suitable substitute of thallium acetate in culture media intended for mycoplasma detection and culture. | thallium acetate in concentrations of 500 to 1000 mg/l is tolerated in the culture by the most mollicutes of the orders mycoplasmatales and acholeplasmatales and by this reason it is added in the culture media as a selective element for the detection and propagation of mycoplasmas and acholeplasmas. because of the high toxicity of thallium acetate and its accumulation in the environment, thallium acetate is not biodegradable, an alternative was searched. the results and analysis of tests with ni ... | 2003 | 12935803 |
| alternative to fluorescence assays to monitor fusion between acholeplasma laidlawii cells and liposomes. | to develop a new technique as an alternative to the fluorescence assays and electron microscopy for the purpose of monitoring the cell-liposome fusion. | 2002 | 12460438 |
| glucose metabolism of two strains of mycoplasma laidlawii. | castrejon-diez, jaime (tulane university school of medicine, new orleans, la.), thelma n. fisher, and earl fisher, jr. glucose metabolism of two strains of mycoplasma laidlawii. j. bacteriol. 86:627-636. 1963.-two strains of mycoplasma laidlawii were incubated in systems containing d-glucose-c(14); carbon dioxide, acetate, pyruvate, and lactate were isolated from appropriate fluids after resting-cell and growth experiments. in resting-cell experiments, radioactivity recoveries were shown to be 9 ... | 1963 | 14066454 |
| observation of co(2) in fourier transform infrared spectral measurements of living acholeplasma laidlawii cells. | in monitoring the time course of conformational disorder by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for intact acholeplasma laidlawii cells grown at 37 degrees c on binary fatty acid mixtures containing oleic acid and for cells grown on pure palmitic acid, an absorption band at 2343 cm(-1) was observed. the band intensity was found to increase with time. this band was not observed in the spectra for isolated membranes. it is suggested that the 2343 cm(-1) band is due to co(2) dissolved in water, ... | 2003 | 12736075 |
| lateral organization in acholeplasma laidlawii lipid bilayer models containing endogenous pyrene probes. | in membranes of the small prokaryote acholeplasma laidlawii bilayer- and nonbilayer-prone glycolipids are major species, similar to chloroplast membranes. enzymes of the glucolipid pathway keep certain important packing properties of the bilayer in vivo, visualized especially as a monolayer curvature stress ('spontaneous curvature'). two key enzymes depend in a cooperative fashion on substantial amounts of the endogenous anionic lipid phosphatidylglycerol (pg) for activity. the lateral organizat ... | 2003 | 12694183 |
| effect of cholesterol on the sensitivity of mycoplasma laidlawii to the polyene antibiotic filipin. | weber, morton m. (st. louis university school of medicine, st. louis, mo.), and stephen c. kinsky. effect of cholesterol on the sensitivity of mycoplasma laidlawii to the polyene antibiotic filipin. j. bacteriol. 89:306-312. 1965.-the polyene antibiotic, filipin, inhibited growth and caused lysis of mycoplasma laidlawii cells which had been cultured in the presence of cholesterol. the antibiotic did not inhibit growth and did not promote lysis of the organism when grown in the absence of cholest ... | 1965 | 14255695 |
| nutritional requirements and metabolism of mycoplasma laidlawii. | | 1963 | 13973365 |
| fatty acid requirements of mycoplasma laidlawii. | | 1963 | 14114935 |
| nucleic acid precursor requirements of mycoplasma laidlawii. | | 1962 | 14490761 |
| defined medium for mycoplasma laidlawii. | tourtellotte, mark e. (university of connecticut, storrs), harold j. morowitz, and phil kasimer. defined medium for mycoplasma laidlawii. j. bacteriol. 88:11-15. 1964.-a defined medium for the pleuropneumonia-like organism mycoplasma laidlawii b is described in which absolute requirements for coenzyme a and longchain fatty acids were demonstrated. this organism did not require cholesterol or macromolecules of high molecular weight, but did show a growth requirement for peptides. optimal growth i ... | 1964 | 14197875 |
| glucose-containing phospholipids in mycoplasma laidlawii, strain b. | | 1965 | 14280456 |
| the action of amphotericin b on mycoplasma laidlawii. | | 1965 | 14332454 |
| mycoplasma adaptation to biogenic and abiogenic stressful factors; acholeplasma laidlawii nannotransformation and minibodies. | | 2004 | 15354840 |
| [method for obtaining the basic factor of pathogenicity of phytoplasma--extracellular fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (on the model of the agent of pale-green dwarfness of cereals in culture)]. | a preparation with fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (fbpase) activity has been isolated as a result of the five-stage treatment of the culture liquid obtained after growing the agent of pale-green dwarfness of cereals on the medium cm imb-72. after this enzyme treatment by means of hydrophobic chromatography on the column from toyopearl hw-60 (the enzyme was obtained from the column with decrease of ammonium sulphate (as) concentration in the eluating buffer to 0.8 m), the preparation deprivation of ... | 2004 | 15456223 |
| monoglucosyldiacylglycerol, a foreign lipid, can substitute for phosphatidylethanolamine in essential membrane-associated functions in escherichia coli. | the mechanisms by which lipid bilayer properties govern or influence membrane protein functions are little understood, but a liquid-crystalline state and the presence of anionic and nonbilayer (nb)-prone lipids seem important. an escherichia coli mutant lacking the major membrane lipid phosphatidylethanolamine (nb-prone) requires divalent cations for viability and cell integrity and is impaired in several membrane functions that are corrected by introduction of the "foreign" nb-prone neutral gly ... | 2004 | 14688287 |
| simultaneous detection and identification of common cell culture contaminant and pathogenic mollicutes strains by reverse line blot hybridization. | we have developed a reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization assay to detect and identify the commonest mollicutes causing cell line contamination (mycoplasma arginini, mycoplasma fermentans, mycoplasma hyorhinis, mycoplasma orale, and acholeplasma laidlawii) and human infection (mycoplasma pneumoniae, mycoplasma hominis, mycoplasma genitalium, ureaplasma parvum, and ureaplasma urealyticum). we developed a nested pcr assay with "universal" primers targeting the mollicute 16s-23s rrna intergenic spa ... | 2004 | 15006769 |
| conditional expression of liver-enriched transcriptional activator protein augments acholeplasma laidlawii-induced granulysin gene expression in a human monocytic cell line, thp-1. | the antimicrobial protein granulysin is considered to play an important role in the defence mechanism against bacterial infection. we previously reported that acholeplasma laidlawii-induced transactivation of the granulysin promoter in a human monocytic cell line, thp-1, is regulated by activator protein-1 and ccaat/enhancer binding protein-beta (c/ebpbeta), but not by nuclear factor-kappab. moreover, liver-enriched transcriptional inhibitory protein (lip), a c/ebpbeta isoform, was strongly indu ... | 2005 | 15606802 |
| [change in lectin specificity of winter wheat seedlings in the course of infection with mycoplasms]. | the activity of soluble lectins in leaves and roots of seedlings of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar mironovskaya 808 increased 1 day and 2 days, respectively, after infection with the mycoplasma acholeplasma laidlawii 118. analysis of acid-soluble proteins of wheat leaves by page revealed the appearance of 22- and 20-kda polypeptides, the disappearance of a 14-kda polypeptide, and an increase in the content of polypeptides with molecular weights of 76, 48, 25, and 18 kda. the 18-kda ... | 2004 | 15609859 |
| glycoglycerolipid from the membranes of acholeplasma laidlawii binds to human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) and accelerates its entry into cells. | we have reported previously that glycoglycerolipids derived from the membranes of acholeplasma laidlawii, 3- o-[2'- o-(alpha-d-glucopyranosyl)-6'- o-acyl-alpha-glucopyranosyl]-1,2-di- o-acyl- sn-glycerols (gagdgs) bind to human cell lines. in addition, the gagdgs were found to augment hiv-1 infection in human cell lines. here we show that gagdg binds to hiv-1 and facilitates the entry of hiv-1 into cells. the binding ability of gagdg to hiv-1 was blocked by anti-gagdg serum. binding assay with s ... | 2004 | 15057462 |
| [monosaccharide composition of some mollicutes]. | when studying a small group of mollicutes which interact in different way with the host organism (mycoplasma fermentans pg18--is considered a commensal of the human urogenital tract, and sometimes manifests as aids cofactor, acholeplasma laidlawii pg8 is saprophytic but it is connected with various pathologies in human organism, a. laidlawii var. granulum 118--agent of the yellow of cereals--palegreen dwarfness) the author has found the carbohydrate composition of their cell surface. glycocalix ... | 2004 | 15765866 |
| [amino acid assimilation by representatives of the acholeplasma genus]. | amino acid assimilation by different representatives of acholeplasma genus has been investigated. it was shown that all 7 investigated typical strains acholeplasma laidlawii pg-8, a. granularum bts-39, a. modicum pg-49, a. oculi 19-l, a. morum 72-043, a. axanthum s-743, a. hippikon c-1 and 37 phytopathogenic strains isolated from the affected plants were able to assimilate asparagine, glutamine, threonine, histidine and proline. a majority of acholeplasmas were able to metabolize phenylalanine, ... | 2005 | 15765878 |
| structure-activity relationships of diastereomeric lysine ring size analogs of the antimicrobial peptide gramicidin s: mechanism of action and discrimination between bacterial and animal cell membranes. | structure-activity relationships were examined in seven gramicidin s analogs in which the ring-expanded analog gs14 [cyclo-(vklkvdyplkvkldyp)] is modified by enantiomeric inversions of its lysine residues. the conformation, amphiphilicity, and self-association propensity of these peptides were investigated by circular dichroism spectroscopy and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. (31)p nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and dye leakage experiments were performed to evalu ... | 2005 | 15542606 |
| reclassification of mesoplasma pleciae as acholeplasma pleciae comb. nov. on the basis of 16s rrna and gyrb gene sequence data. | genomic dna sequence data for the 16s rrna gene and the gyrb gene of mesoplasma pleciae ps-1(t) (=atcc 49582(t)=nbrc 100476(t)) demonstrate a much closer relationship to acholeplasma laidlawii and acholeplasma oculi than to other species in the order entomoplasmatales. in addition, the preferred use of ugg rather than uga as the codon for tryptophan in the gyrb sequence probably places the organism outside the order entomoplasmatales. it is proposed that m. pleciae be reclassified in the genus a ... | 2004 | 15545416 |
| dose-dependent activation of microglial cells by toll-like receptor agonists alone and in combination. | microglial cells express toll-like receptors (tlrs) recognising exogenous and endogenous ligands. upon stimulation with agonists of tlr2, tlr4, and tlr9, nitric oxide (no) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) were released by primary mouse microglial cell cultures. endotoxin was most potent in stimulating microglia followed by pneumolysin, cytosine-guanosine (cpg) oligodesoxynucleotide (odn), and tripalmitoyl-s-glyceryl-cysteine. maximum stimulation of tlr2, tlr4, and tlr9 resulted in app ... | 2004 | 15652406 |
| phenatic acids a and b, new potentiators of antifungal miconazole activity produced by streptomyces sp. k03-0132. | two new phenols, designated phenatic acids a and b, were isolated along with known actiphenol, from the culture of streptomyces sp. k03-0132 by solvent extraction, silica gel column chromatography and hplc. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses including mainly various nmr experiments. they have a common 1-hydroxy 2, 4-dimethyl benzene ring. these compounds potentiate miconazole activity against candida albicans. phenatic acid b also showed moderate antimicrobial activity ag ... | 2005 | 15981411 |
| [activity of lectins of winter wheat seedlings infected with mycoplasma and treated with salicylic acid]. | changes in activity of soluble and cell wall lectins have been revealed in seedlings of winter wheat triticum aestivum l. cultivar mironovskaya 808 after infection with mycoplasma acholeplasma laidlawii 118. the protective effect of salicylic acid was manifested as negating the bursts of lectin activity induced by mycoplasma infection. | 2005 | 16212262 |
| [effect of separate effectors on activity of extracellular fructosobisphosphatase of acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum, strain 118]. | the influence of 16 substances-effectors on the extracellular mollicute fructosobisphosphatase (fbphase) was studied for the first time. these effectors are used, as a rule, when studying properties of this enzyme biopreparations newly isolated from the cells of animals, plants and cells of microorganisms. it was established that optimum ph for fbphase of mollicutes is whithin 7.3-7.5 and on the basis of this index it is attributed to the group of the "neutral" of these enzymes. cations of k, mn ... | 2005 | 16018216 |
| tween 20-soluble membrane proteins of a choleplasma laidlawii. fractionation in the presence of a tween 20 concentration slightly above its critical micelle concentration and in the absence of detergent by means of agarose-suspension electrophoresis. | | 1976 | 16386032 |
| [molecular weight and subunit composition of extracellular fructosobisphosphatase of acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum strain 118]. | molecular weight of extracellular fructosobisphosphatase of acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum strain 118--an agent of pale-green dwarf of cereals has been determined. this enzyme is the basic factor of pathogenicity of this organism, and, maybe, of all phytoplasmas, owing to realization of the enzyme noncontrolled function in the plant organism, its habit acquires the disease symptoms characteristic of "yellows". it has been established that in the native condition the extracellular fructosob ... | 2005 | 16493888 |
| production and properties of antisera to membrane glycolipids of mycoplasma pneumoniae. | the glycolipid haptens of mycoplasma pneumoniae became immunogenic when bound to membrane proteins of acholeplasma laidlawii by reaggregation. this process consisted of the solubilization of lipid-depleted a. laidlawii membranes and m. pneumoniae glycolipids in 20 mm sodium dodecyl sulfate and dialysis of the mixed solutions against 20 mm mg(2+). the antibodies produced in rabbits to the reaggregated glycolipids inhibited the metabolism of m. pneumoniae, fixed complement with m. pneumoniae glyco ... | 1971 | 16557990 |
| diphosphatidyl glycerol in mycoplasma laidlawii. | | 1965 | 16562032 |
| cholesterol protects acholeplasma laidlawii against oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide. | the aim of this study was to determine whether cholesterol, added to the cell growth medium or to cell suspension buffer, could protect acholeplasma laidlawii cells against the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)). variable concentrations of cholesterol (0.05-1.0 mg/ml) were added to the a. laidlawii suspension buffer and to the growth medium. cells were then washed carefully and incubated with 0.001% (v/v) h(2)o(2) at 37 degrees c for 30 min and the viability was determined. the result ... | 2005 | 16195931 |
| [adaptive reactions of mycoplasmas in vitro: "viable but unculturable forms" and nanocells of acholeplasma laidlawii]. | the adaptation of acholeplasma laidlawii to conditions unfavorable for growth has been found to be accompanied by cell transformation into special morphological structures known as ultramicroforms (nanocells). the ratio of the cells of the two morphological types in the population depended on the growth conditions. nanocells retained viability for a long time under conditions unfavorable for growth and showed resistance to stressors. reduction in the cell size occurred due to unequal division, w ... | 2005 | 16211853 |
| [on the nature of the pathogen of pale-green dwarfism in cereals]. | the paper presents more precise data concerning optimal temperature demands to growth of white-yellow dwarfness of cereals (wydc) identified before as acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum, its relation to sterols and genome properties was determined using pulse-electrophoresis. it was established that the agent strains 84 and 118, characterized by phytopathogenicity, grew most intensively at 32 degrees c; they behaved as mesoplasmas but, as it had been found, they were capable to synthesis of ca ... | 2006 | 16786625 |
| [effect of silver nitrate, adenosine-5'-monophosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate on activity of extracellular fructose bisphosphatase of acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum strain 118]. | the reactions of glycolysis or gluconeogenesis proceed in good coordination in the cells of microorganisms, and each stage of these processes is distinctly regulated. under such conditions fructose-bisphosphatase (fbpase) activity (the enzyme level being constant in the cells of microorganisms) is inhibited by adenosine-5'-monophosphate (amp) and is activated by phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) depending on the kind of the source of carbon (glycolytic or glyconeogenic) used for microorganism growth. it ... | 2005 | 16250233 |
| phosphatidylethanolamine and monoglucosyldiacylglycerol are interchangeable in supporting topogenesis and function of the polytopic membrane protein lactose permease. | to determine the specific role lipids play in membrane protein topogenesis in vivo, the orientation with respect to the membrane bilayer of escherichia coli lactose permease (lacy) transmembrane (tm) domains and their flanking extramembrane domains was compared after assembly in native membranes and membranes with genetically modified lipid content using the substituted cysteine accessibility method for determining tm domain mapping. lacy assembled in the absence of the major membrane lipid phos ... | 2006 | 16698795 |
| rapid detection of mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures using sybr green-based real-time polymerase chain reaction. | we have developed a simple method for rapid detection of mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures using sybr green-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). to detect eight common contaminant mollicutes, including mycoplasma (m. arginini, m. fermentans, m. orale, m. hyorhinis, m. hominis, m. salivarium, m. pirum) and acholeplasma laidlawii, four primers were prepared based on the 23s rrna regions. using these primers and a minimum of 100 fg of mycoplasma genomic dna, the 23s rrna regions ... | 2006 | 16759150 |
| high cationic charge and bilayer interface-binding helices in a regulatory lipid glycosyltransferase. | in the prokaryote acholeplasma laidlawii, membrane bilayer properties are sensed and regulated by two interface glycosyltransferases (gts), synthesizing major nonbilayer- (almgs gt) and bilayer-prone glucolipids. these enzymes are of similar structure, as many soluble gts, but are sensitive to lipid charge and curvature stress properties. multivariate and bioinformatic sequence analyses show that such interface enzymes, in relation to soluble ones of similar fold, are characterized by high catio ... | 2007 | 17444657 |
| detection of multiple mycoplasma infection in cell cultures by pcr. | a total of 301 cell cultures from 15 laboratories were monitored for mycoplasma (mollicutes) using pcr and culture methodology. the infection was detected in the cell culture collection of 12 laboratories. pcr for mollicutes detected these bacteria in 93 (30.9%) samples. although the infection was confirmed by culture for 69 (22.9%) samples, pcr with generic primers did not detect the infection in five (5.4%). mycoplasma species were identified with specific primers in 91 (30.2%) of the 98 sampl ... | 2006 | 16862282 |
| acholeplasma laidlawii pg8 culture adapted to unfavorable growth conditions shows an expressed phytopathogenicity. | mycoplasmas are the smallest, self-replicating, prokaryotic organisms with avid biochemical potential and spreading in higher eukaryotes in nature. in this study, acholeplasma laidlawii pg8 cells were cultivated on a deficient medium for 480 days resulting in a mycoplasma culture that was adapted in vitro to unfavorable growth conditions. cells that survive this condition had decreased sizes (about 0.2 microm) and increased phytopathogenicity. this resulted in more frequent appearance of various ... | 2007 | 17221137 |
| [comparative investigation of fructosobisphosphatases of bacillus subtilis and pale-green dwarfism pathogens of cereals in the reaction of double diffusion in gel according to ouchterlony]. | serological properties of fructosobisphosphatases (fbpases) of bacillus subtilis 668 and pgd agent of cereals--the mollicute acholplasma laidlawii var. granulum st. 118 (alg 118) were studied in a comparative aspect with the help of the reaction of double diffusion in gel according to ouchterlony. it was established for each of microorganisms that their extracellular and intracellular enzymes are similar in serologic respect, and each of them is composed of two antigens, one of them being identi ... | 2007 | 17494329 |
| mycoplasma adaptation to adverse growth conditions: nanotransformation and phytopathogenicity of acholeplasma laidlawii pg8. | | 2007 | 17546953 |
| establishment of european pharmacopoeia mycoplasma reference strains. | european pharmacopoeia (ph. eur.) general chapter 2.6.7. mycoplasma requires for the culture test reference strains of mycoplasma field isolates with fewer than 15 passages for validation and run control and in the test for inhibitory substances. low passage field isolates of 5 mycoplasma strains (mycoplasma hyorhinis, mycoplasma synoviae, mycoplasma fermentans, mycoplasma orale and acholeplasma laidlawii) have been prepared for this purpose and a small scale collaborative study involving europe ... | 2006 | 17270132 |
| the polymorphism p315l of human toll-like receptor 1 impairs innate immune sensing of microbial cell wall components. | as a pattern recognition receptor, tlr1 mediates innate immune responses to a variety of microbial cell wall components including bacterial lipoproteins. we have previously shown that the central region of the extracellular domain of human tlr1, comprising leucine-rich repeat (lrr) motifs 9-12, is required for the sensing of bacterial lipopeptides. in this study, we have investigated three nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) located in this region of tlr1 by generating these var ... | 2007 | 17475868 |
| taxonomic status of the agent of cereals pale-green dwarf and proposition of founding in the class of mollicutes, of the order iii acholeplasmatales, family i acholeplasmataceae, genus ii pluraplasma gen. nov., and its first species pluraplasma granulum sp. nov. | the paper includes the data concerning the taxonomic status of the agent of cereals pale-green dwarf (acpgd) which has been defined as the phytopathogenic variant of the mollicute acholeplasma laidlawii and called a. laidlawii var. granulum. since besides phytopathogenicity acpgd has such fundamental differences from a.laidlawii as: a very large genome of 2200 thousand pairs of nucleotides (t.p.n.) to 2310 t.p.n. that practically equals a sum of genomes of a. laidlawii (1600 t.p.n.) and phytopla ... | 2007 | 18217348 |
| polar lipid and fatty acid profiles--re-vitalizing old approaches as a modern tool for the classification of mycoplasmas? | a set of 20 mollicutes strains representing different lines of descent, including the type species of the genus mycoplasma, mycoplasma mycoides, acholeplasma laidlawii and a strain of mesoplasma, were subjected to polar lipid and fatty acid analyses in order to evaluate their suitability for classification purposes within members of this group. complex polar lipid and fatty acid profiles were detected for each examined strain. all strains contained the polar lipids phosphocholine-6'-alpha-glucop ... | 2007 | 17482408 |
| biological enrichment of mycoplasma agents by cocultivation with permissive cell cultures. | in this study, we describe our results on the evaluation of the ability of different permissive mammalian cell lines to support the biological enrichment of mycoplasma species known to be bacterial contaminants of cell substrates. the study showed that this approach is able to significantly improve the efficiency of mycoplasma detection based on nucleic acid testing or biochemical technologies (e.g., mycoalert mycoplasma detection). of 10 different cell lines (vero, mdbk, hek-293, hep-g2, cv-1, ... | 2008 | 18606798 |
| [trehalose as a growth substrate for acholeplasma laidlawii pg8]. | | 2008 | 18683662 |
| biophysical regulation of lipid biosynthesis in the plasma membrane. | we present a cellular model of lipid biosynthesis in the plasma membrane that couples biochemical and biophysical features of the enzymatic network of the cell-wall-less mycoplasma acholeplasma laidlawii. in particular, we formulate how the stored elastic energy of the lipid bilayer can modify the activity of curvature-sensitive enzymes through the binding of amphipathic alpha-helices. as the binding depends on lipid composition, this results in a biophysical feedback mechanism for the regulatio ... | 2008 | 18192365 |
| [the heat shock protein of alpha-crystallin type from mycoplasma (acholeplasma laidlawii)]. | a considerable increase in several heat shock proteins (hsps) amount in acholeplasma laidlawii cells has been revealed after temperature rising of liquid culture; and the quantity of small hsp, named p17, was increased in a hundred of times. the p17 protein was isolated and identified as hsp of alpha-crystallin type (alpha-hsp). it became possible as a result of sequencing of 15 amino acids from n-terminal of the p17 polypeptide chain, followed by revealing of a corresponding open reading frame ... | 2008 | 18771176 |
| mycoplasma infection of geese. 1. incidence of mycoplasmas and acholeplasmas in geese. | this paper presents data about the isolation of members of the order mycoplasmatales from material of goose origin. acholeplasma laidlawii strains were isolated from 2 to 8 day old goslings with heavy fibrinous airsacculitis, peritonitis and perihepatitis. losses reached 30% of the flock by the end of the 8th week of age. acholeplasma axanthum strains were detected in goose-embryos that died on the 13th day of incubation. a significant loss (up to 60%) of embryos was observed in the flock and so ... | 1975 | 18777290 |
| interactions of the australian tree frog antimicrobial peptides aurein 1.2, citropin 1.1 and maculatin 1.1 with lipid model membranes: differential scanning calorimetric and fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies. | the interactions of the antimicrobial peptides aurein 1.2, citropin 1.1 and maculatin 1.1 with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (dmpc), dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (dmpg) and dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (dmpe) were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) and fourier-transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy. the effects of these peptides on the thermotropic phase behavior of dmpc and dmpg are qualitatively similar and manifested by the suppression of the pretransition, and by p ... | 2007 | 17825246 |
| range of phytoplasma concentrations in various plant hosts as determined by competitive polymerase chain reaction. | abstract for competitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr), an internal standard dna template was developed that consisted of a highly conserved, internally deleted 16s rdna fragment of an aster yellows phytoplasma. the internal standard was calibrated using a quantified culture of acholeplasma laidlawii. serial dilutions of the internal standard and fixed amounts of target templates from infected plants were coamplified with the same primers, and the products obtained were quantified using an enz ... | 2000 | 18944479 |
| lipid-engineered escherichia coli membranes reveal critical lipid headgroup size for protein function. | escherichia coli membranes have a substantial bilayer curvature stress due to a large fraction of the nonbilayer-prone lipid phosphatidylethanolamine, and a mutant (ad93) lacking this lipid is severely crippled in several membrane-associated processes. introduction of four lipid glycosyltransferases from acholeplasma laidlawii and arabidopsis thaliana, synthesizing large amounts of two nonbilayer-prone, and two bilayer-forming gluco- and galacto-lipids, (i) restored the curvature stress with the ... | 2009 | 18981182 |
| spiroplasmas are the causal agents of citrus little-leaf disease. | a spiroplasma isolated from citrus with little-leaf disease was grown in a cell-free medium and injected into leafhoppers (euscelis plebejus). injected leafhoppers, but not those fed on infected plants, transmitted the spiroplasma to white clover (trifolium repens cv. s100) and sweet orange (citrus sinensis cv. valencia). infected clover plants were severely stunted; infected sweet orange plants showed typical symptoms of citrus little-leaf disease. the spiroplasma was detected in clover and swe ... | 1974 | 19280788 |
| high-yield expression and purification of a monotopic membrane glycosyltransferase. | membrane proteins are essential to many cellular processes. however, the systematic study of membrane protein structure has been hindered by the difficulty in obtaining large quantities of these proteins. protein overexpression using escherichia coli is commonly used to produce large quantities of protein, but usually yields very little membrane protein. furthermore, optimization of the expressing conditions, as well as the choice of detergent and other buffer components, is thought to be crucia ... | 2009 | 19332126 |
| adaptation of mycoplasmas to adverse growth conditions: morphology, ultrastructure, and genome expression of mycoplasma gallisepticum s6 cells. | | 2008 | 18853779 |
| evolution and biochemistry of family 4 glycosidases: implications for assigning enzyme function in sequence annotations. | glycosyl hydrolase family 4 (gh4) is exceptional among the 114 families in this enzyme superfamily. members of gh4 exhibit unusual cofactor requirements for activity, and an essential cysteine residue is present at the active site. of greatest significance is the fact that members of gh4 employ a unique catalytic mechanism for cleavage of the glycosidic bond. by phylogenetic analysis, and from available substrate specificities, we have assigned a majority of the enzymes of gh4 to five subgroups. ... | 2009 | 19625389 |
| x-ray diffraction measurement of the monolayer spontaneous curvature of dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol. | phosphatidylglycerol (pg) is an anionic lipid commonly found in large proportions in the cell membranes of bacteria and plants and, to a lesser extent, in animal cells. pg plays an important role in the regulation and determination of the elastic properties of the membrane. using small angle x-ray scattering experiments, we obtain that the monolayer spontaneous curvature of dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (dopg) is -1/150+/-0.021 nm(-1) when measured in 150 mm nacl. when the experiments are carried ... | 2008 | 18405663 |
| [elaboration of the in vitro model system to study the interaction of phytopathogenic mollicutes with plant cells]. | the model system based on the sugar beet calluses infected by mycoplasms (mollicutes) was elaborated, and changes in the callus cells morphology under the effect of these microorganisms were also studied. the calluses of sugar beet 3k51 cultivated on the gamborg medium were infected by phytopathogenic mollicute acholaplasma laidlawii var. granulum str.118. under the effect of mollicute infection one could observe changes in the cell morphology of sugar beet calluses: the plant cells were transfo ... | 2009 | 19938618 |
| mycoplasma species in chicken flocks with different management systems. | chicken flocks hatched together but reared under different management systems were examined for mycoplasmas over a two-year period. on the farm a multiple-age flocks were reared in close contact. this farm had not been depopulated for over 15 years. on farms b, c and d single-age flocks were reared and the farms were depopulated every year. on farm a 218 birds from 20 flocks were tested: mycoplasmas were isolated from 202 (92.7%). on farms b, c and d 289 birds from seven flocks were tested: myco ... | 1987 | 18766648 |
| nutritional effects of culture media on mycoplasma cell size and removal by filtration. | careful media filtration prior to use is an important part of a mycoplasma contamination prevention program. this study was conducted to increase our knowledge of factors that influence efficient filtration of mycoplasma. the cell size of acholeplasma laidlawii was measured after culture in various nutritional conditions using scanning electron microscopy. the maximum cell size changed, but the minimum cell size remained virtually unchanged and all tested nutritional conditions resulted in a pop ... | 2010 | 20149685 |
| development of serum-free media for the cultivation and recovery of acholeplasma laidlawii used for challenge testing sterilizing-grade filters in biopharmaceutical applications. | a serum-free cultivation broth and recovery agar for use in 0.1 micron-rated filter characterization and validation studies for biopharmaceutical applications were developed using acholeplasma laidlawii as the test microorganism. selection criteria were (a) a single-stage, serum-free broth medium to support high-titer cell growth and yield a cellular morphology suitable for bacterial challenge testing within 24 h and (b) a serum-free agar growth medium that can recover cells using conventional e ... | 2008 | 19634344 |
| membrane lipid fluidity and physical state and the activity of the na, mg-atpase of acholeplasma laidlawii b. | | 1982 | 19431488 |
| sensitive and selective detection of mycoplasma in cell culture samples using cantilever sensors. | in this article we report a new biosensor-based method that is more sensitive and rapid than the current approach for detecting mycoplasma in cell culture samples. piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever (pemc) sensors respond to mass change via resonant frequency change. they are sensitive at femtogram level and can be used directly in liquid for label-free detection. common cell culture contaminant, acholeplasma laidlawii was detected in both buffer and cell culture medium. two diffe ... | 2010 | 20014143 |
| atomic force microscopy analysis of dna extracted from the vegetative cells and the viable, but nonculturable, cells of two mycoplasmas (acholeplasma laidlawii pg8 and mycoplasma hominis pg37). | this article reports on a study of some characteristics of dna extracted from the vegetative and viable, but nonculturable (vbnc), cells of two mycoplasma species (acholeplasma laidlawii pg8 and mycoplasma hominis pg37) using atomic force microscopy (afm). dna images were obtained by operating the afm microscope in the tapping mode. it was found that dna from the vbnc forms of m. hominis pg37 has decreased sizes (height: 0.177 +/- 0.026 nm vs. 0.391 +/- 0.041 nm for the vegetative forms, and wid ... | 2010 | 20495768 |