| crossed immunoelectrophoresis: polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by electrophoresis into an agarose gel containing antibodies. | | 1975 | 236696 |
| the planar distributions of surface proteins and intramembrane particles in acholeplasma laidlawii are differentially affected by the physical state of membrane lipids. | we have studied the influence of changes in lipid organization on the planar distribution of two classes of membrane proteins: integral proteins which have amino groups exposed to labelling at the membrane surface by the biotinavidin-ferritin procedure, and those proteins which penetrate the lipid bilayer sufficiently to be seen as intramembranous particles by freeze-fracture electron-microscopy. when the membranes are examined at temperatures below the lipid phase transition, the first class is ... | 1978 | 638151 |
| membrane lipid metabolism in acholeplasma laidlawii a ef 22. influence of cholesterol and temperature shift-down on incorporation of fatty acids and synthesis of membrane lipid species. | 1. membrane lipid metabolism in acholeplasma laidlowii a ef 22 has been studied under different conditions by applying three different techniques for changing membrane viscosity: fatty acid and cholesterol supplementation and temperature changes. 2. the molar relationship between the two dominating membrane lipids, monoglucosyldiglyceride and diglucosyldiglyceride, is to a large extent determined by membrane viscosity properties. this is shown by the varying metabolic responses occurring during ... | 1978 | 639825 |
| scanning of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis columns for detection of unstained protein zones and for their localization relative to enzyme activities. | | 1975 | 236684 |
| is the vertical disposition of mycoplasma membrane proteins affected by membrane fluidity? | the influence of the physical state of the membrane lipid matrix on the vertical disposition of membrane proteins was studied with acholeplasma laidlawii. changes in membrane fluidity were brought about by altering the fatty acid composition of membrane lipids, by changing the growth temperature, by aging of cultures and by inducing changes in the membrane lipid-to-protein ratio through treatment with chloramphenicol. the lactoperoxidase-mediated iodination technique was used to label membrane p ... | 1979 | 444513 |
| characterization of mycoplasmavirus mvl2 dna. | the size and molecular configuration of mycoplasmavirus mvl2 dna are presented. the dna was shown to be a covalently closed circular duplex molecule with a molecular weight of 7.4 x 10(6). in sucrose gradients at neutral ph, the form i and form ii dna molecules have sedimentation values of approximately 29s and 23s, respectively. under alkaline conditions, the form i and form ii have s values of 70 and 20, respectively. | 1979 | 430596 |
| acholeplasma equifetale in broiler chickens. | | 1978 | 654042 |
| the positional distribution of a series of positional isomers of cis-octadecenoic acid in phosphatidylglycerol from acholeplasma laidlawii b. | | 1978 | 656453 |
| [energetics of active carbohydrate transport into mycoplasma cells]. | possible energy supply pathways of active transport of non-metabolized 3-o-methylglucose (3-o-mg) into acholeplasma laidlawii cells are studied. 3-o-mg transport is sensitive to arsenate, inhibitors of glucolysis and membrane mg-dependent atpase (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) and to uncoupling agents. it is suggested that glycolysis is the main energy source, which main enzymes are found in cell-free extracts. a. laidlawii cells are capable to glycolytic atp synthesis using glucose as a substrate bu ... | 1978 | 656486 |
| efficiency and specificity of the sequential extraction of membrane proteins of acholeplasma laidlawii with the neutral detergent tween 20. | | 1978 | 658403 |
| physical characterization of the superhelical dna genome of an enveloped mycoplasmavirus. | mycoplasmavirus mvl2 is a nonlytic enveloped virion containing dna. this dna has been shown to be a double-stranded circular superhelical molecule of 11.8 kilobase pairs (7.8 x 10(6) daltons). the superhelix density is greater than that of phi x174 rfi but less than that of pm2 phage dna. a physical map of the mvl2 genome has been obtained using restriction endonucleases. | 1979 | 430595 |
| electrophoretic characterization of bovine mycoplasma and acholeplasma reference strains. | phenol-acetic acid-water extracts of 13 recognized mycoplasma and acholeplasma reference strains of bovine habitat were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. a characteristic electrophoretic profile was obtained for each strain and the relative mobility (rm) values of the major protein fractions were determined. all examined strains had a common protein band of 33.3 rm value. comparison of electrophoretic patterns obtained from different reference strains revealed 2 to 7 protein bands ... | 1978 | 664982 |
| [lung tissue alterations following experimental infection of mice with acholeplasmae isolated from simians with hematosarcoma]. | this paper is devoted to the study of pathogenic acholeplasmae potencies. two strains of acholeplasmae isolated from the blood and organs of papio hamadryas suffering from hemoblastosis and a standard ach. laidlawii a. strain were subjected to the comparative study with the use of a "pulmonary model" in experiments on mice. morphological investigations showed affections of the pulmonary tissue characterized by stage-by-stage inflammatory-destructive changes analogous to the lesions found in "myc ... | 1978 | 665035 |
| lipid compositional manipulation in acholeplasma laidlawii b. effect of exogenous fatty acids on fatty acid composition and cell growth when endogenous fatty acid production is inhibited. | a variety of potential inhibitors of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis have been tested for activity in acholeplasma laidlawii b. two compounds, avidin and n,n-dimethyl-4-oxo-2trans-dodecenamide (cm-55), an antimicrobial fatty amide, strongly inhibit de novo biosynthesis without nonspecific toxic effects at moderate dosages. avidin is the more potent inhibitor, abolishing de novo fatty acid synthesis and greatly reducing the chain elongation of exogenous fatty acids at level of 25 u/l. cm-55 gives ... | 1978 | 667693 |
| induction of a ph-stable interferon in sheep lymphocytes by mycoplasmatales virus mvl2. | the data presented in this report show that the enveloped mycoplasmatales virus mvl2 is capable of interferon induction in sheep peripheral blood lymphocytes. the phenomenon was dose dependent, requiring approximately 10(8) plaque-forming units of virus per 2 x 10(6) lymphocytes. the interferon was stable to ph 2.0 treatment, was produced in moderately high levels (greater than 1,000 units), and met many of the criteria for classification as a type i interferon. heat-inactivated mlv2 lost its ab ... | 1978 | 669793 |
| sensitivity of mycoplasmas of the respiratory tract of pigs and horses to erythromycin and its use in selective media. | the ability of erythromycin in liquid medium to suppress the growth of eight species of acholeplasma and of 13 species of mycoplasma was tested. the acholeplasma spp and two glycolytic mycoplasma spp from horses--a slow glucose-metabolising (sgm) mycoplasma and a strain n3, related to m mycoides--were sensitive to erythromycin. thus the growth of acholeplasmas can be suppressed when attempts are made to isolate pathogens from the porcine respiratory tract, but, in the case of horses, erythromyci ... | 1978 | 564541 |
| differences in incorporation of nucleic acid bases and nucleosides by various mycoplasma and acholeplasma species. | eight species representative of the serological diversity of the mycoplasmatales were tested for their ability to incorporate radiolabeled nucleic acid precursors into acid-insoluble material. cultures in complex growth medium were centrifuged and resuspended in minimal essential medium (eagle). for acholeplasma laidlawii, labeling occurred mainly during the first 4 h of incubation, with substrate saturation at 20 micron. all organisms tested incorporated uracil, adenine, and guanine; none incor ... | 1978 | 681280 |
| [experimental infection of mice, gerbils, and rats with mycoplasms from canine pericardium and cardial value (author's transl)]. | mycoplasms isolated from heart valves (a. laidlawii (a 42 hzbtl)) and pericardium (m. canis (a 56 hzkl)) of dogs were investigated for infectivity of rats, mice and gerbils (meriones unguiculatus). in mice the species m. spumans (pg 13), m. maculosum (pg 15), m. edwardii (pg 24) and m. molare (h 542) were investigated too. the mycoplasmas were inoculated by oral, subcutaneous, intravenous and intraperitoneal route. intraperitoneally the mycoplasmas were given without and with complete and incomp ... | 1977 | 595971 |
| a severe outbreak of bovine mastitis assoicated with mycoplasma bovigenitalium and acholeplasma laidlawii. | an outbreak of clinical mastitis is described in which 75 cows of a herd of 200 friesian cows were affected in one or more quarters over a period of three months. sixty animals failed to return to normal despite various intramammary and systemic antibiotic treatments. heifers, dry cows and lactating animals were affected. the milk of 15 out of 53 animals tested yielded mixed cultures of mycoplasma bovigenitalium and acholeplasma laidlawii. thirteen of 34 sera showed evidence of antibodies to a l ... | 1978 | 695253 |
| organometallic fatty acid and phospholipid analogs. synthesis and incorporation and detection in model membranes and biomembranes. | | 1978 | 620019 |
| water binding and phase structures for different acholeplasma laidlawii membrane lipids studied by deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance and x-ray diffraction. | water binding capability and phase structures for different lipid species extracted from acholeplasma laidlawii a membranes have been studied using deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance and low-angle x-ray diffraction. the dominating membrane lipids are monoglucosyldiglyceride and diglucosyldiglyceride and each of them takes up limited amounts of water (bound plus trapped), i.e., up to 13% (w/w), whereas the phospholipids and phosphoglycolipids have larger hydration capacities. addition of magnesi ... | 1978 | 708724 |
| rapid spectrophotometric determination of acholeplasma laidlawii membranes. | the amount of acholeplasma laidlawii membranes can be accurately, rapidly, and simply determined by spectrophotometric measurements after solubilization in 0.02 m sds, 0.02 m tris-hcl (ph 8.0). extinction coefficients from the 260- to 300-nm-absorption region are adequate for quantitative membrane determination. the following values were found: e1%1cm,280 = 9.11 +/- 0.63, e1%,s1cm,280 = 8.52 +/- 0.40 (corrected for light scattering), e1%1cm,280--310 = 8.15 +/- 0.35. the last value is the most sa ... | 1978 | 709438 |
| disposition of phosphatidylglycerol in metabolizing cells of acholeplasma laidlawii. | | 1978 | 631331 |
| disposition of membrane proteins as affected by changes in the electrochemical gradient across mycoplasma membranes. | | 1978 | 718682 |
| cholesterol uptake is dependent on membrane fluidity in mycoplasmas. | the transfer of elaidate-enriched acholeplasma laidlawii cells in culture from 37 degrees c to 4 degrees c virtually arrested exogenous cholesterol incorporation into the cell membrane. cholesterol uptake continued, though at a slower rate, in oleate-enriched a. laidlawii cells undergoing similar temperature shift-down. it is concluded that the incorporation of exogenous cholesterol into the cell membrane of living mycoplasmas is rapid when the membrane lipid bilayer is in the liquid-crystalline ... | 1978 | 718901 |
| [studies of mycoplasma mastitis in cattle. 7. mycoplasma mastitis in 3 dairy cattle herds]. | reported in this paper is the occurrence of enzootic mastitis in three dairy cattle stocks. the outbreaks had been caused by mycoplasma bovis, acholeplasma laidlawii, acholeplasma axanthum as well as by one unidentified strain of the family of mycoplasmataceae. all animals with positive response to mycoplasma tests were identified an selected by repetitive testing of cultures in milk samples which had been taken from all lactating and dry cows and heifers as well as by evaluation of organ sample ... | 1979 | 547919 |
| isolation & characterization of some members of mycoplasma & acholeplasma from uterus of sheep & goats. | | 1978 | 721149 |
| photodynamic inactivation and its repair in mycoplasmas. | photodynamic inactivation is the loss in viability observed when organic dye-treated cells are exposed to visible light and molecular oxygen. the photodynamic inactivation of mycoplasmas, the smallest free living cells, has been studied. depending on the extent of inactivation in acholeplasma laidlawii, photodynamic induced damage can be repaired if the irradiated cells are incubated in the dark in buffer. analysis of the dna of these cells shows that photodynamic inactivation induces single str ... | 1978 | 728473 |
| [identification of acholeplasmas and mycoplasmas from aborted horse fetuses]. | | 1979 | 548033 |
| [mycoplasma mastitis in cattle]. | reported in this paper are experiments from which the conclusion was drawn that acheloplasma laidlawii could cause changes in the mammary gland under certain circumstances. | 1979 | 551753 |
| fractionation of membranes from acholeplasma laidlawii a on the basis of their surface properties by partition in two-polymer aqueous phase systems. | acholeplasma laidlawii a consists of pleomorphic cell clusters surrounded by a single membrane. when lysed, a cell gives rise to several membrane fragments which cannot be separated from each other by isopycnic sucrose gradient centrifugation. a heterogeneous lateral organization of the cell membranes was detected by countercurrent distribution of membrane fragments in a two-polymer aqueous phase system. it revealed that the membranes consist of at least two subpopulations with respect to surfac ... | 1979 | 760784 |
| lipid reorganization in biological membranes: a study by fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy. | the first application of infrared difference spectroscopy to the study of a natural biological membrane is described. perdeuterated palmitic acid was incorporated biosynthetically into the lipids of the plasma membrane of acholeplasma laidlawii and the temperature-induced structural rearrangement of the endogenous lipids monitored via their c--2h vibrational modes. changes in infrared parameters were studied between 0 and 50 degrees c and contrasted with those occurring in the model membrane sys ... | 1979 | 760788 |
| existence of carotenoids in acholeplasma axanthum. | the neutral lipids of acholeplasma axanthum contain carotenoid pigments, as evidenced by spectral characteristics, visual color, color reactions, and labeling with [2-14c-a1mevalonic acid. approximately 80% of the label from [2-14c]mevalonic acid appeared in esterified fatty acids of the glycolipids and polar lipids. these carboxylic acids behaved as hydroxy acids of varying chain length. | 1979 | 762011 |
| lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interaction in model systems and membranes. | | 1975 | 769638 |
| [experience in identification and control of mycoplasma in dairy cattle stock under routine laboratory conditions]. | exacting demands have to be met by milk testing routine laboratories where mycoplasma species are to be cultured from milk samples. cleanliness of sampling, immediate cold storage, and no-delay transport of the milk samples to the testing centre are of greatest importance to the informative value of all mycoplasma tests. in the summer season, it is recommended to freeze the milk samples immediately after sampling. mycoplasma broth should not be inoculated to animals of the herd from which the sa ... | 1979 | 551756 |
| [experience regarding the suitability of liquid and solid pplo culture media produced in gdr for mycoplasma cultivation]. | proper isolation of mycoplasma from milk or tissue was found to entail exacting demands on nutrient substrates. several institutes of the gdr have jointly developed and tested a medium which consists exclusively of gdr-made substances. it is a culturing medium which is suitable for detection and identification of acholeplasma and mycoplasma species in milk and organ samples taken from cattle. | 1979 | 551757 |
| ultrastructural visualization of anionic sites on mycoplasma membranes by polycationic ferritin. | anionic sites on mycoplasma membranes were visualized in the electron microscope by a polycationized ferritin derivative. the technique of thin sectioning was used. staining prior to fixation led to clustering of ferritin granules on the mycoplasma cell surface. on glutaraldehyde-fixed mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri, m. gallisepticum, m. pneumoniae, and acholeplasma laidlawii, the anionic sites were uniformly distributed over the entire membrane surface. m. hominis did not bind the polycationi ... | 1976 | 776936 |
| lipid and lipopolysaccharide composition of acholeplasma oculi. | the total lipid content of acholeplasma oculi comprises 13.3% of the dry weight of the organism and is about equally distributed between the neutral lipids plus glycolipids and the phospholipids. the phospholipids were identified as phosphatidyl glycerol and diphosphatidyl glycerol. the glycolipid fraction contained o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 1)-2,3-diacyl glycerol and o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 2)-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 1)-2,3-diacyl glycerol. the neutral lipid ... | 1979 | 457607 |
| isoelectric focusing of mycoplasma proteins. | polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (pagif) in thin layer was used to resolve proteins of mycoplasma spp., acholeplasma spp., and eight strains of ureaplasma urealyticum (t-strain). a mixture of urea, triton x-100, and dithioerythritol was used to solubilize sonically disrupted cells. pagif was performed in the range of ph 3 to 10. protein patterns were carefully compared, demonstrating resolved and distinguishable species-specific protein bands. the eight serotypes of u. urealyticum (t-stra ... | 1976 | 791125 |
| interaction between tetanolysin and mycoplasma cell membrane. | 1. a partially purified tetanolysin preparation lysed the sterol-requiring mycoplasma capricolum cells but had no effect on m. capricolum cells adapted to grow with no or very little cholesterol. the sterol-non-requiring acholeplasma laidlawii cells grown either in a cholesterol-rich or a cholesterol-poor medium were unaffected by the tetanolysin preparation. 2. the lysis of m. capricolum cells by the tetanolysin preparation was temperature dependent, inhibited by cholesterol, sublytic concentra ... | 1976 | 793633 |
| mycoplasmas isolated from the respiratory tract of horses. | ten mycoplasmas were isolated from 130 nasopharyngeal swabs from thoroughbred horses with acute respiratory disease and three from 198 apparently normal horses. two mycoplasmas were isolated from 21 tracheal swabs taken at necropsy. these mycoplasmas, together with six isolated from the equine respiratory tract by other workers, were subjected to biochemical and serological tests. other properties examined in certain representative strains were appearance under the electron microscope, ability t ... | 1975 | 807616 |
| cholesterol incorporation into bacterial membranes. | the wall-covered bacteria micrococcus lysodeikticus, bacillus megaterium, and proteus mirabilis incorporated exogenous cholesterol into their cytoplasmic membrane in quantities resembling those incorporated by sterol-nonrequiring mycoplasmas. cholesterol incorporation into the outer membrane of p. mirabilis was much more restricted than into the cytoplasmic membrane. | 1975 | 809427 |
| determination of cell shape in bacteria. | | 1975 | 810073 |
| inactivation of mycoplasmas by use of phenol, formalin and beta-propiolactone. | | 1976 | 819443 |
| [the importance of mycoplasma in infectious processes (author's transl)]. | mycoplasma pneumoniae, the pathogen responsible for primary atypical pneumonia, has appeared more frequently in recent years. while t-mycoplasma and mycoplasma hominis are found in greater numbers both in nonspecific urethritis and also in the genital flora, t-mycoplasma may also cause the formation of vesical calculi in animal experiments. mycoplasma can also be cultured from joint fluids, tumors and from blood samples from parturient women immediately after the birth. | 1976 | 819817 |
| isolation of acholeplasmas and mycoplasmas from aborted horse fetuses. | | 1979 | 473533 |
| [bovine mastitis caused by acholeplasms laidlawii]. | | 1977 | 836266 |
| acholeplasma laidlawii infection by group 3 mycoplasmavirus. | | 1977 | 841870 |
| host cell and ultraviolet reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated mycoplasmaviruses. | the mycoplasma acholeplasma laidlawii was shown to have mechanisms for both host cell and ultraviolet (uv) reactivation of uv-irradiated mycoplasmaviruses. host cell reactivation was examined by comparing the survival abilities of uv-irradiated double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid mycoplasmavirus plated on both untreated and on acriflavine-treated cells. acriflavine treatment inhibited cell exision repair. decreased survival on the acriflavine-treated cells demonstrated host cell reactivation. ... | 1977 | 845120 |
| [characterization of acholeplasma strains by horizontal polyacrylamide flat gel electrophoresis (author's transl)]. | proteins extracted with phenol-acetic acid-water (2:1:0.5, w/v/v) from acholeplasma laidlawii (pg 8), a. granularum (bts-39), a. oculi (19l), a. modicum (pg 49), a. axanthum (s743) and the acholeplasma strains c1 and c112 (which were isolated from aborted horse foetuses) were compared by electrophoresis in horizontal acidic polyacylamide flat gel using the electrophoresis equipment lkb multiphor 2117. in this system the gels are not prepared in the electrophoresis chamber but between glas plates ... | 1977 | 848216 |
| replication of mycoplasmavirus mvl51: vi. acriflavine stimulates growth of this single-stranded dna virus. | | 1979 | 486185 |
| control of fatty acid composition of acholeplasma laidlawii membranes. | the temperature-dependent pattern of incorporation of palmitate and oleate from the growth medium into acholeplasma laidlawii membrane lipids correlates with the physical state of the membrane defined by calorimetry. both the pattern and the state can be changed at will by changing the fatty acid composition of the membrane lipids. the ratio of palmitate to oleate incorporated is independent of temperature when the membrane bilayer is below its transition and fully ordered, but becomes temperatu ... | 1977 | 851532 |
| [some biochemical properties of acholeplasma laidlawii mutants defective in glucose carrier]. | some membrane properties of glucose transport system of acholeplasma laidlawii mutants uncapable of uptaking glucose as well as those of its non-metabolizing analogue, 3-0-methylglucose are studied. in contrast to the wild strain the mutant ptl-s cells fail to uptake carbohydrates with the saturation. there is no competition between carbohydrates during transport in this mutant no sugar exit is observed, and the sensitivity of transport to thiol reagents and pronase b is considerably affected. a ... | 1977 | 851551 |
| [study of the initial parasitic relationship between a virus of the gourlay group l 1 and the cellular population of acholeplasma laidlawii]. | the study of the relationship between mvl 51 virus, of the gourlay group l 1, and the mycoplasma cells of a. laidlawii during the first 35 min of infection leads to the conclusion that a "carrier state" has been established, free virus as well as infected and noninfected cells being present at the same time in the cultures. the evidence of a virus growth after 20 min of infection and the high level of remaining viable cells (1.15 x 10(8) cfu) at the end of the experiment also indicate that the c ... | 1977 | 856420 |
| [basic evidence for the active transport of carbohydrates in the membrane vesicles of acholeplasma laidlawii cells]. | a. laidlawii membrane vesicles are able to accumulate c14-glucose as well as maltose and fructose against the concentration gradient in the absence of exogeneous entergetic sources. sugar transport is inhibited by anaerobiosis and by the electron transfer inhibitors such as rotenone and amytal, and by proton conductors such as carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone. arsenate and dicyclohexylcarbodimide (inhibitor of membrane-bound atpase) do not inhibit the sugar transport. it is concluded that ... | 1977 | 861265 |
| prevalence of mycoplasmal bovine mastitis in california. | seven species of mycoplasma plus one or more unknown species were found to cause bovine mastitis in california. both the frequency of cases and number of species of mycoplasma in samples received at the laboratory have increased from 1976 to 1978. by survey, nearly 4% of samples of bulk tank milk from dairy farms were found to contain mycoplasma of potential pathogenic significance. acholeplasma laidlawii was frequently isolated from samples both from cows and from farm bulk tanks during wet, ra ... | 1979 | 507492 |
| reduction in cellular tumorigenicity after mycoplasma infection and elimination of mycoplasma from infected cultures by passage in nude mice. | | 1977 | 872095 |
| phospholipid requirement of the membrane-bound mg2+-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase in acholeplasma laidlawaii. | | 1977 | 884075 |
| effect of a. laidlawii on murine and human lymphocyte cultures. | heat-inactivated a. laidlawii (al) was found to be a potent mitogen for mouse spleen cells. spleen cells from homozygous nude mice and spleen cells treated with anti-theta serum and complement responded as well as their respective controls, indicating that al represented a b-cell mitogen for mouse spleen cells. spleen cells from lps-unresponsive c3h/hej mice responded well to al. the peripheral blood leucocytes from unselected human donors were also stimulated by al, which appeared to represent ... | 1977 | 891034 |
| unusual positional distribution of fatty acids in phosphatidylglycerol of sterol-requiring mycoplasmas. | | 1979 | 510549 |
| [acholeplasma laidlawii--a pathogenic or apathogenic species?]. | the question is discussed, whether acholeplasma laidlawii is a pathogenic or apathogenic species. studies have shown that it is a species of potential pathogenicity, however, with virulence properties differing greatly by strains. nothing so far has become known of contributive factors which might be needed for an infectious disease to develop. | 1979 | 551758 |
| [serum proteins in preparations of mycoplasma cells]. | | 1977 | 899444 |
| composition and molecular organization of lipids and proteins in the envelope of mycoplasmavirus mvl2. | mvl2 virus was purified from culture supernatants of infected acholeplasma laidlawii cells by differential centrifugation, followed by velocity centrifugation in sucrose gradients. the purified virus contained 0.08 to 0.1 mumol of lipid phosphorous per ml of viral protein. thin-layer chromatography of viral lipids revealed the presence of phospho-, glyco-, and phosphoglycolipids identical with those found in the host cell membrane, but the relative amount of phosphatidylglycerol was much lower t ... | 1979 | 513201 |
| membrane lipid biosynthesis in acholeplasma laidlawii b. relationship between fatty acid structure and the positional distribution of esterified fatty acids in phospho- and glycolipids from growing cells. | | 1977 | 900942 |
| isolation of mycoplasmas and acholeplasmas from pneumonic lesions in sheep and goats in india. | | 1979 | 532484 |
| membrane lipid metabolism in acholeplasma laidlawii a during normal and temperature-shift-down conditions [proceedings]. | | 1977 | 902894 |
| antibodies to acholeplasma laidlawii membrane lipids in normal guinea pig serum. | acholeplasma laidlawii is killed and lysed by fresh normal guinea pig serum (gps) without additional antibodies. prior incubation of gps with whole a. laidlawii organisms abolishes the killing activity of gps. in the present study it was demonstrated that antibodies are present in normal gps. the classical pathway, not the alternative pathway, of the complement sequence was activated by these antibodies in fresh normal gps. the antibodies in gps belong to the igg class of immunoglobulins. they a ... | 1977 | 908614 |
| specific interaction of concanavalin a with glycolipid monolayers. | the effect of 131i-labelled concanavalin a on the surface pressure and surface radioactivity of monolayers formed from phospholipids and from natural and synthetic glycolipids has been studied. the lectin binds to and penetrates dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine monolayers at a surface pressure of 15 dynes/cm and this interaction is inhibited by the presence of alpha-methyl mannose in the subphase. at surface pressures of 25 dynes/cm or higher, concanavalin a will interact with monoglucosyl diglyc ... | 1977 | 911832 |
| membrane lipid biosynthesis in acholeplasma laidlawii b: incorporation of exogenous fatty acids into membrane glyco- and phospholipids by growing cells. | the extent of incorporation of a wide variety of exogenous saturated, unsaturated, branched-chain, and cyclopropane fatty acids into the membrane lipids of acholeplasma laidlawii b was systematically studied. within each fatty acid class the extent of incorporation generally increased markedly with increasing chain length, reached a maximum, and then declined progressively but less sharply with further increases above that chain length giving maximal direct incorporation. certain shorter-chain m ... | 1977 | 914776 |
| scanning electron microscopy of acholeplasma colonies on agar. | the colony formation and morphology of acholeplasma laidlawii and of an acholeplasma species was studied by scanning electron microscopy. in the colonies of both acholeplasma spp. large irregularly shaped cells, spherical cells, chains of beads, and long filaments with small bulbous distensions were seen. the membrane of some of the large cells seemed to be perforated, giving the cell a pitted appearance. | 1979 | 534959 |
| cholesterol-phosphatidylcholine dispersions as donors of cholesterol to mycoplasma membranes. | growing cells of sterol-requiring mycoplasma hominis and sterol non-requiring acholeplasma laidlawii were used to test the ability of cholesterol-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine dispersions to serve as cholesterol donors to these organisms. dispersions with high cholesterol to phosphatidylcholine ratios were more effective than dispersions with low cholesterol to phosphatidylcholine ratios in donating cholesterol to the membranes of both mycoplasmas and in promoting growth of the sterol-requirin ... | 1977 | 921974 |
| mycoplasma-dependent activation of normal lymphocytes: mitogenic potential of mycoplasmas for mouse lymphocytes. | nonviable preparations of a wide variety of glucose-utilizing mycoplasma species, including acholeplasma laidlawii and spiroplasma citri, were found to be mitogenic for mouse lymphocytes. particularly strong reactions were obtained with mycoplasma synoviae, m. gallisepticum, m. pneumoniae, s. citri, and a strain of m. fermentans that was previously isolated from a leukemic patient. nonviable preparations of arginine-utilizing mycoplasmas inhibited the uptake of [3h]thymidine by lymphocytes, but ... | 1977 | 924676 |
| [studies of mycoplasma mastitis in cattle. 5. studies of udder pathogenicity of mycoplasma and acholeplasma strains of different origins]. | isolated acholeplasma laidlawii strains exhibited highly differentiated behaviours regarding their udder pathogenicity. twelve of 16 tested strains were pathogenic to udder. symptoms of acute udder inflammation were caused by all ten a. laidlawii strains isolated from differentiated material of calf, but by only two of six strains isolated from differentiated material of cattle. intracisternal instillation of both strains from milk and one strain each from udder skin or cervical mucus caused mer ... | 1979 | 547917 |
| [use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the diagnosis of mycoplasma infections in farm animals]. | | 1977 | 930484 |
| pathogenicity of certain mycoplasma species in the bovine mammary gland. | strains of three of the species of mycoplasmas isolated from pneumonic calf lungs, mycoplasma dispar, mycoplasma bovirhinis and acholeplasma laidlawii, were inoculated into the bovine mammary gland. pathogenicity of the species was monitored by counting the inflammatory cells and mycoplasmas in milk. six of the seven m dispar strains produced clinical mastitis, but the seventh strain, vic12, was apparently avirulent. the four strains of m bovirhinis caused subclinical mastitis. none of the four ... | 1976 | 935661 |
| [studies of mycoplasma mastitis in cattle. 6. testing of mycoplasma isolated from milk for udder pathogenicity]. | strains of m. bovis, a. laidlawii, a. axanthum, and one unidentified strain of the family of mycoplasmataceae as well as altered secretion obtained from cows with mastitis were intracisternally applied in experiments and proved to be pathogenic to cattle udder. the results are likely to suggest the importance of mycoplasma isolated from the milk of mastitis cows to the aetiology of enzootic mastitis in three large dairy cattle stocks. intravenous application of m. bovis and a. laidlawii caused n ... | 1979 | 547918 |
| sensitivites in vitro to antimicrobial drugs of bovine mycoplasmas isolated from respiratory and genital tracts. | a total of 155 mycoplasma strains were examined for sensitivity to nine antibiotics and four nitrofurans by the agar dilution method. they consisted of 69 strains of mycoplasma bovirhinis, 33 strains of m. bovigenitalium, 49 strains of acholeplasma laidlawii and four strains of a. modicum isolated from the nasal secretions, tracheas and lungs of calves manifesting respiratory symptoms and from bovine genital tracts collected at a slaughterhouse. as a result, furamizole and mitomycin c showed the ... | 1978 | 652043 |
| differential agar medium (a7) for identification of ureaplasma urealyticum (human t mycoplasmas) in primary cultures of clinical material. | a differential agar medium for the identification of ureaplasma urealyticum in primary cultures of clinical specimens is described. the differential medium (no. a7) is specific for the identification of u. urealyticum and other members of the genus ureaplasma. large-colony, classical mycoplasma and acholeplasma species and proteus l colonies are unreactive on this differential medium. the medium incorporates the biochemical principle of the direct spot test for urease in colonies of ureaplasma a ... | 1976 | 950379 |
| characterization of an acholeplasma laidlawii variant with a rep- phenotype. | an acholeplasma laidlawii variant has been isolated that has a rep- phenotype. the properties of this variant, relative to parental cells, are: (i) it exhibits no change in cell growth kinetics; (ii) it does not propagate single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) mycoplasmaviruses but does propagate double-stranded dna mycoplasmaviruses; (iii) it converts parental circular single-stranded mycoplasmavirus dna to double-stranded replicative forms that are not replicated further; (iv) it exhibits ... | 1976 | 956119 |
| lysis of acholeplasma laidlawii by antibodies and complement. | membranes of acholeplasma laidlawii were used to determine the membrane components involved in immune lysis and to eventually detect enzymatic changes in the membrane components during this reaction. in a previous publication we reported that a. laidlawii can be killed by antibody and complement and that antibodies to membrane proteins are by far more effective than antibodies to membrane lipids in the complement-dependent killing of this organism. in this report we demonstrate that membrane dam ... | 1976 | 971945 |
| replication of mycoplasmavirus mvl51. v. in vivo synthesis of virus-specific proteins. | | 1978 | 664226 |
| isolation of mycoplasma arginini from swine and from a swine waste disposal system. | mycoplasma arginini was isolated from the pharynges and tonsils of 4 of 6 swine necropsied during an epizootic of respiratory tract diseases and lameness. the organism was also isolated from 2 of 16 asymptomatic swine examined in the same herd approximately 10 months after the epizootic. in addition, m arginini, acholeplasma laidlawii, and other acholeplasmas were isolated from recycled effluent of an anaerobic lagoon used for disposal of waste from the swine herd. this observation represents th ... | 1978 | 677536 |
| on the possible role of respiratory activity of acholeplasma laidlawii cells in sugar transport. | 1. out of 20 exogeneous substrates only ethanol and, to a much lesser extent, lactate and pyruvate were shown to be capable of stimulating the respiration of acholeplasma laidlawii cells. however, none of these substrates changed the initial rate of active transport of 3-o-methyl-d-glucose (3-o-mg). 2. from inhibitory analyses and spectroscopic data, it is apparent that the respiratory chain of a. laidlawii has no cytochromes and is probably not responsible for oxidative phosphorylation. 3. vali ... | 1976 | 984999 |
| the distribution of molecular classes of phosphatidylglycerol in the membrane of acholeplasma laidlawii. | a double-label technique has been applied to study the distribution of different molecular classes of phosphatidylglycerol in the membrane of acholeplasma laidlawii. after growth on oleic acid, 16% of the total phosphatidylglycerol contains two oleic acid residues and 84% contains one oleic acid and one saturated fatty acid. the dioleoyl phosphatidylglycerol is present in equal amounts in the outer and the inner layer of the membrane. phosphatidylglycerol which is associated with membrane protei ... | 1978 | 687626 |
| purification of the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase from membranes of acholeplasma laidlawii. | the ethanol-extracted respiratory chain-linked nadh dehydrogenase of acholeplasma laidlawii has been purified 25-35-fold. this purification involved delipidation of the ethanol-extracted minute non-sedimentable membrane fragments by detergent treatment and gel filtration on bio-gel p-200. sodium deoxycholate-sucrose density gradient centrifugation was followed by dialysis of the active nadh dehydrogenase fractions which caused flocculation of 60% of the membrane proteins while the nadh dehydroge ... | 1976 | 990315 |
| the inhibitory effect on arginine on growth of some mycoplasmas. | | 1976 | 993143 |
| replication of mycoplasmavirus mvl51. iii. identification of a progeny viral dna-protein intermediate. | intracellular replication of the non-lytic single stranded circular dna mycoplasmavirus mvl51 has been shown to involve three dna intermediates: rfi, rfii and ssi. growth in eagle's basal medium, rather than richer tryptose medium, has allowed the identification of an intermediate between nascent progeny chromosomes (ssi) and mature virus. this intermediate is a protein associated form of ssi. | 1976 | 994855 |
| properties of a persistent viral infection: possible lysogeny by an enveloped nonlytic mycoplasmavirus. | mvl2, an enveloped double-stranded dna mycoplasmavirus, causes a nonlytic infection of acholeplasma laidlawii leading to the establishment of a persistent infection. persistently infected clones were found to be resistant to superinfection by homologous virus, but could be infected by heterologous virus. cells in a persistently infected culture had the potential to produce virus and transmitted this potential as a stable heritable trait. mitomycin c and uv light induced an increase in infectious ... | 1978 | 702650 |
| the influence of lipid state on the planar distribution of membrane proteins in acholeplasma laidlawii. | | 1976 | 1003469 |
| [lipid composition of acholeplasma laidlawii cells]. | lipid composition of the cells of acholeplasma laidlawii was studied by column and thin layer chromatography. lipids of the cells contain phospholipids (41.3%), glycolipids (28%) and neutral lipids. phospholipids are represented by monoacylglycerophosphoryldiglucosyldiglyceride, glycerophosphoryldiglucosyldiglyceride, phosphatidylglycerine and phosphatidic acid. glycolipids contained diglucosyldiglyceride and monoglucosyldiglyceride. the content of cholesterine was low (1.3%) while the content o ... | 1976 | 1004257 |
| [3-o-methl-d-glucose transport system in the cells of acholeplasma laidlawii]. | in cells of acholeplasma laidlawii a constitutive system of transport of glucose derivate 3-o-methyl-d-glucose was found. this derivate penetrated into cells, without modification and accumulated in free state. the transport system was of enzymatic nature and exhibited sharp substrate specificity. the transport of 3-o-methyl-d-glucose was an active process and occurred against the concentrated gradient. | 1976 | 1025884 |
| topological features of membranes from staphylococcus aureus and acholeplasma laidlawii. | topological and ultrastructural features of membranes from walled and wall-less bacterial cells were compared by examining membranes from staphylococcus aureus and acholeplasma laidlawii. osmotic lysis of protoplasts of s. aureus or cells of a. laidlawii produced membrane vesicles or large membrane fragments, but alumina grinding or sonication of these protoplasts or cells produced much smaller particles whose morphologic origin was difficult to determine. disrupted membranes from either organis ... | 1976 | 1026851 |
| crossed immunoelectrophoresis, in the presence of tween 20 or sodium deoxycholate, of purified membrane proteins from acholeplasma laidlawii. | five membrane proteins from acholeplasma laidlawii have been previously purified on a large scale. these proteins have been used to establish the relationship between the precipitation lines obtained by crossed immunoelectrophoresis of solubilized cell membrane proteins from a. laidlawii in the presence of the neutral detergent tween 20 or those obtained in the presence of the anionic detergent sodium deoxycholate. this relationship, which was unambiguously established for four of the five prote ... | 1978 | 711668 |
| effect of acriflavine on ultraviolet inactivation of acholeplasma laidlawii. | an increased sensitivity to inactivation was observed when ultraviolet light-irradiated acholeplasma laidlawii cells were plated on medium containing either acriflavine or chloramphenicol. chloramphenicol reduced liquid holding recovery (dark repair) to about 10% of that in untreated irradiated cells. in acriflavine treated cells no dark repair could be observed and there was a progressive degradation of cell dna during holding. while the primary effect of acriflavine may be to inhibit excision ... | 1978 | 718990 |
| recent progress in mycoplasma research. | today, 12 years after the identification of eaton agent as a mycoplasma, much new information on this infection has accumulated. better methods have become available, which will be helpful in determining whether other mycoplasmas might be human pathogens, e.g., some ureaplasmas in nongonococcal urethritis. experimental mycoplasma infections in birds and animals have revealed common features with immune complex diseases in man. they may serve, therefore, as useful models for human mycoplasma dise ... | 1975 | 1081171 |
| survival of frozen mycoplasmas. | cooling to -70 c killed a higher percentage of acholeplasma laidlawii and mycoplasma mycoides var. capri cells than cooling to -20 c. however, to preserve cell viability for prolonged periods storage at -70 c was much more preferable. the percentage of cells surviving freezing could be increased by increasing the initial cell concentration or by the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide or glycerol as cryoprotective agents. in the presence of 1.5 m of any one of these agents survival rates of up to 100 ... | 1975 | 1099985 |
| [structural study of mycoplasma by a scanning electron microscopy method]. | scanning electron microscopy was applied to the study of mycoplasma arthritidis, myc. gallisepticum, and acholeplasma laidlawii. small spherical elements (0.3--0.5 micrometer) formed a reticular "framework" of the colonies in which larger (1--1.5 micrometer) spheroid or irregular-shaped cells (in case of myc. gallisepticum) and also rod-shaped (1--3 micrometer), filamentous (3--5 micrometer) forms and "large bodies" (5 x 3--8 x 3.5 micrometer) were located. apparently the latter represented cong ... | 1978 | 747025 |
| growth and membrane lipid properties of acholeplasma laidlawii b lacking fatty acid heterogeneity. | | 1978 | 643062 |
| a contribution to tentative identification of bovine mycoplasmas. | | 1975 | 1106075 |
| mycoplasma species recovered from the reproductive tracts of western canadian cows. | samples of cervico-vaginal mucus from 633 animals from 110 herds were cultured and yielded the following mycoplasmas: t-strain--88: mycoplasma bovigenitalium--79, mycoplasma spp. (leach group 7)--7, acholeplasma laidlawii--4, mycoplasma bovirhinis--2 and one not typable. uterine exudates and endometrial scrapings from 80 infertile cows in two herds were examined. four animals were positive, m. bovigenitalium was isolated three times, a. laidlawii and mycoplasma arginini once each. sixty-five nor ... | 1975 | 1125831 |