| extensive variation and rapid shift of the mg192 sequence in mycoplasma genitalium strains from patients with chronic infection. | mycoplasma genitalium causes persistent urogenital tract infection in humans. antigenic variation of the protein encoded by the mg192 gene has been proposed as one of the mechanisms for persistence. the aims of this study were to determine mg192 sequence variation in patients with chronic m. genitalium infection and to analyze the sequence structural features of the mg192 gene and its encoded protein. urogenital specimens were obtained from 13 patients who were followed for 10 days to 14 months. ... | 2014 | 24396043 |
| the role of infection in miscarriage. | miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before 12 weeks (early miscarriage) or from 12 to 24 weeks (late miscarriage) of gestation. miscarriage occurs in one in five pregnancies and can have considerable physiological and psychological implications for the patient. it is also associated with significant health care costs. there is evidence that potentially preventable infections may account for up to 15% of early miscarriages and up to 66% of late miscarriages. however, the provision ... | 2015 | 26386469 |
| dna microarray characterization of pathogens associated with sexually transmitted diseases. | this study established a multiplex pcr-based microarray to detect simultaneously a diverse panel of 17 sexually transmitted diseases (stds)-associated pathogens including neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma, herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2, and human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 54 and 58. the target genes are 16s rrna gene for n. gonorrhoeae, m. genitalium, m. hominism, and ureaplasma, the majo ... | 2015 | 26208181 |
| mycoplasma genitalium infection: current treatment options, therapeutic failure, and resistance-associated mutations. | mycoplasma genitalium is an important cause of non-gonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, and related upper genital tract infections. the efficacy of doxycycline, used extensively to treat non-gonococcal urethritis in the past, is relatively poor for m. genitalium infection; azithromycin has been the preferred treatment for several years. research on the efficacy of azithromycin has primarily focused on the 1 g single-dose regimen, but some studies have also evaluated higher doses and longer courses ... | 2015 | 26060411 |
| prevalence and correlates of genital infections among newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults entering human immunodeficiency virus care in windhoek, namibia. | identifying and treating genital infections, including sexually transmitted infections (sti), among newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals may benefit both public and individual health. we assessed prevalence of genital infections and their correlates among newly diagnosed hiv-infected individuals enrolling in hiv care services in namibia. | 2016 | 27893600 |
| association of human papillomavirus, neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis co-infections on the risk of high-grade squamous intraepithelial cervical lesion. | the link between high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-hpv) and other sexually transmitted diseases (stds) in the risk of developing cervical cancer still unclear. thus, in this report we investigated the rates of co-infections between hpv and other important non-hpv stds in different cervical findings using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-pcr) to simultaneously detect chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma genitalium, trichomonas vaginalis, hsv-1 and -2, and treponema pa ... | 2016 | 27429850 |
| association of human papillomavirus and chlamydia trachomatis with intraepithelial alterations in cervix samples. | the influence of different infectious agents and their association with human papillomavirus (hpv) in cervical carcinogenesis have not been completely elucidated. this study describes the association between cytological changes in cervical epithelium and the detection of the most relevant aetiological agents of sexually transmitted diseases. samples collected from 169 patients were evaluated by conventional cytology followed by molecular analysis to detect hpv dna, chlamydia trachomatis, herpes ... | 2016 | 26841046 |
| multiplex assay for simultaneous detection of mycoplasma genitalium and macrolide resistance using plexzyme and plexprime technology. | mycoplasma genitalium is a cause of non-gonoccocal urethritis (ngu) in men and cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in women. recent international data also indicated that the first line treatment, 1 gram stat azithromycin therapy, for m. genitalium is becoming less effective, with the corresponding emergence of macrolide resistant strains. increasing failure rates of azithromycin for m. genitalium has significant implications for the presumptive treatment of ngu and international clinical ... | 2016 | 27271704 |
| systems biology definition of the core proteome of metabolism and expression is consistent with high-throughput data. | finding the minimal set of gene functions needed to sustain life is of both fundamental and practical importance. minimal gene lists have been proposed by using comparative genomics-based core proteome definitions. a definition of a core proteome that is supported by empirical data, is understood at the systems-level, and provides a basis for computing essential cell functions is lacking. here, we use a systems biology-based genome-scale model of metabolism and expression to define a functional ... | 2015 | 26261351 |
| structure-function features of a mycoplasma glycolipid synthase derived from structural data integration, molecular simulations, and mutational analysis. | glycoglycerolipids are structural components of mycoplasma membranes with a fundamental role in membrane properties and stability. their biosynthesis is mediated by glycosyltransferases (gt) that catalyze the transfer of glycosyl units from a sugar nucleotide donor to diacylglycerol. the essential function of glycolipid synthases in mycoplasma viability, and the absence of glycoglycerolipids in animal host cells make these gt enzymes a target for drug discovery by designing specific inhibitors. ... | 2013 | 24312618 |
| functional characterization of osmotically inducible protein c (mg_427) from mycoplasma genitalium. | mycoplasma genitalium is the smallest self-replicating bacterium and an important human pathogen responsible for a range of urogenital infections and pathologies. due to its limited genome size, many genes conserved in other bacteria are missing in m. genitalium. genes encoding catalase and superoxide dismutase are absent, and how this pathogen overcomes oxidative stress remains poorly understood. in this study, we characterized mg_427, a homolog of the conserved osmc, which encodes hydroperoxid ... | 2014 | 24363346 |
| molecular methods for the detection of mycoplasma and ureaplasma infections in humans: a paper from the 2011 william beaumont hospital symposium on molecular pathology. | mycoplasma and ureaplasma species are well-known human pathogens responsible for a broad array of inflammatory conditions involving the respiratory and urogenital tracts of neonates, children, and adults. greater attention is being given to these organisms in diagnostic microbiology, largely as a result of improved methods for their laboratory detection, made possible by powerful molecular-based techniques that can be used for primary detection in clinical specimens. for slow-growing species, su ... | 2012 | 22819362 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of azd0914 against human mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas. | in this study, susceptibilities were determined for azd0914, a spiropyrimidinetrione dna gyrase inhibitor, azithromycin, doxycycline, and levofloxacin against mycoplasma and ureaplasma species. the activity of azd0914 was comparable to that of levofloxacin and doxycycline against mycoplasma genitalium and mycoplasma pneumoniae. the azd0914 mic90 against mycoplasma hominis was 8-fold greater than that for levofloxacin. the azd0914 mic90 against ureaplasma species was 4-fold less than that for azi ... | 2015 | 25824220 |
| characteristics of acute nongonococcal urethritis in men differ by sexual preference. | nongonococcal urethritis (ngu) is a common clinical syndrome, but no etiological agent is identified in a significant proportion of cases. whether the spectrum of pathogens differs between heterosexual men (msw) and men who have sex with men (msm) is largely unstudied but of considerable clinical relevance. a retrospective review was done using the electronic medical record database of melbourne sexual health centre, australia. cases were first presentations of symptomatic acute ngu with ≥ 5 pol ... | 2014 | 24899041 |
| standard treatment regimens for nongonococcal urethritis have similar but declining cure rates: a randomized controlled trial. | azithromycin or doxycycline is recommended for nongonococcal urethritis (ngu); recent evidence suggests their efficacy has declined. we compared azithromycin and doxycycline in men with ngu, hypothesizing that azithromycin was more effective than doxycycline. | 2012 | 23223595 |
| abnormal vaginal ph and mycoplasma genitalium infection. | mycoplasma genitalium (mg) is a sexually transmitted pathogen linked to female morbidity, but testing for mg is not standardized. we aimed to determine which point-of-care (poc) vaginal tests could predict mg infection. | 2012 | 23158750 |
| persistent mycoplasma genitalium infection of human endocervical epithelial cells elicits chronic inflammatory cytokine secretion. | infection with mycoplasma genitalium has been associated with male and female urogenital disease syndromes, including urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (pid), and tubal factor infertility. basic investigations of mucosal cytotoxicity, microbial persistence, and host immune responses are imperative to understanding these inflammatory urogenital syndromes, particularly in females, considering the potential severity of upper tract infections. here, we report that m. genitalium can ... | 2012 | 22907815 |
| microbial products alter the expression of membrane-associated mucin and antimicrobial peptides in a three-dimensional human endocervical epithelial cell model. | our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate tissue-specific mucosal defense can be limited by the lack of appropriate human in vitro models. the endocervix lies between the microbe-rich vaginal cavity and the relatively sterile endometrium and is a major portal of entry for chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma genitalium, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection in women. the endocervix is lined with a simple epithelium, and these cel ... | 2012 | 23053434 |
| mycoplasma genitalium infection in women attending a sexually transmitted infection clinic: diagnostic specimen type, coinfections, and predictors. | in female sexually transmitted infection clinic attendees, mycoplasma genitalium was more frequently detected using vaginal (53/73) versus endocervical (43/73) specimens. in women without other sexually transmitted infections, m. genitalium detection (n = 44) was associated with age ≤22 years (odds ratio, 2.53; p = 0.006) and clinical evidence of cervicitis (odds ratio, 2.11; p = 0.03). | 2012 | 22902666 |
| risk factors for mycoplasma genitalium infection among female sex workers: a cross-sectional study in two cities in southwest china. | mycoplasma genitalium (mg) is one of the common causes of non-gonococcal urethritis (ngu) in men and is associated with cervicitis, endometritis, and pelvic inflammatory diseases (pid) in women. the prevalence of mg infection has been reported to be high among female sex workers (fsws) in many countries, but limited information is known among this population in china. | 2012 | 22676182 |
| use of nucleic acid amplification testing for diagnosis of anorectal sexually transmitted infections. | nucleic acid amplification testing (naat) has become the preferred method to detect chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae, but no commercial tests are cleared by the u.s. food and drug administration for use with rectal swab samples. this study evaluated the performance of strand displacement amplification (sda) and transcription-mediated amplification (tma) to detect c. trachomatis and n. gonorrhoeae and to determine if tma could also detect mycoplasma genitalium and trichomonas vagin ... | 2012 | 22493338 |
| chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma genitalium, and trichomonas vaginalis infections in men with nongonococcal urethritis: predictors and persistence after therapy. | chlamydia trachomatis (ct), mycoplasma genitalium (mg), and trichomonas vaginalis (tv) are sexually transmitted infections (stis) associated with nongonococcal urethritis (ngu). we assessed their predictors and persistence after treatment. | 2012 | 22615318 |
| mycoplasma genitalium presence, resistance and epidemiology in greenland. | greenland reports the highest rates of chlamydial infection and gonorrhea in the arctic. our objective was to determine the presence, and describe the basic epidemiology, of mycoplasma genitalium for greenland. | 2012 | 22564463 |
| the effect of medical male circumcision on urogenital mycoplasma genitalium among men in kisumu, kenya. | we determined the prevalence of urethral mycoplasma genitalium (mg) infection and whether infection was associated with circumcision status among men enrolled in the randomized trial of medical male circumcision to prevent hiv acquisition in kisumu, kenya. | 2012 | 22421693 |
| phenotypic and genetic characterisation of bacterial sexually transmitted infections in bissau, guinea-bissau, west africa: a prospective cohort study. | knowledge regarding characteristics and transmission of neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma genitalium and antibiotic resistance in n gonorrhoeae in guinea-bissau, west africa, is entirely lacking. | 2012 | 22436137 |
| testing for sexually transmitted infections in a population-based sexual health survey: development of an acceptable ethical approach. | population-based research is enhanced by biological measures, but biological sampling raises complex ethical issues. the third british national survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles (natsal-3) will estimate the population prevalence of five sexually transmitted infections (stis) (chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, human papillomavirus (hpv), hiv and mycoplasma genitalium) in a probability sample aged 16-44 years. the present work describes the development of an ethical approach to ... | 2012 | 22252417 |
| bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria in men: association of leptotrichia/sneathia spp. with nongonococcal urethritis. | approximately 45% of nongonococcal urethritis cases have no identified etiology. novel bacteria recently associated with bacterial vaginosis (bv) in women may be involved. we evaluated the association of idiopathic nongonococcal urethritis and 5 newly described bv-associated bacteria (bvab). | 2013 | 24220356 |
| isolation of mycoplasma genitalium from patients with urogenital infections: first report from the latin-american region. | isolation of mycoplasma genitalium from clinical specimens remains difficult. we describe a modified culture system based on vero cells grown in medium 199 with 2% foetal bovine serum (fbs). the culture system was evaluated using early passage m. genitalium strains m6271 and m6311 with growth monitoring by quantitative taqman pcr. eleven endocervical swabs and one male urethral swab positive by 16s rrna and mgpa1-3 pcrs were quantified and inoculated into vero cell suspensions in medium 199 supp ... | 2013 | 25356322 |
| high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant mycoplasma genitalium in nongonococcal urethritis: the need for routine testing and the inadequacy of current treatment options. | empirical antibiotic therapy for nongonococcal urethritis (ngu) and cervicitis is aimed at chlamydia trachomatis, but mycoplasma genitalium, which also commonly causes undiagnosed ngu, necessitates treatment with macrolides or fluoroquinolones rather than doxycycline, the preferred chlamydia treatment. prevalence of m. genitalium and associated genotypic markers of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance among men symptomatic of urethritis were investigated. genetic diversity of m. genitalium p ... | 2013 | 24280088 |
| male circumcision and mycoplasma genitalium infection in female partners: a randomised trial in rakai, uganda. | previous randomised trial data have demonstrated that male circumcision reduces mycoplasma genitalium prevalence in men. we assessed whether male circumcision also reduces m genitalium infection in female partners of circumcised men. | 2013 | 24259189 |
| vaginal microbiome in women from greenland assessed by microscopy and quantitative pcr. | bacterial vaginosis (bv) is a common condition, although its aetiology remains unexplained. the aim of this study was to analyse the composition of vaginal microbiota in women from greenland to provide a quantitative description and improve the understanding of bv. | 2013 | 24131550 |
| molecular epidemiology of selected sexually transmitted infections. | neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng), chlamydia trachomatis (ct), trichomonas vaginalis (tv) and mycoplasma genitalium (mg) are established pathogens for human genital tract. however, the role of ureaplasma urealyticum (uu) and ureaplasma parvum (up) in genital pathology is poorly unerstood. a prospective study to investigate the prevalence of above infections was performed on a cohort of 1,718 consecutive patients attending a genitourinary medicine (gum) clinic. a previously published in-house real-time ... | 2013 | 24046809 |
| persistence, immune response, and antigenic variation of mycoplasma genitalium in an experimentally infected pig-tailed macaque (macaca nemestrina). | mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted pathogen associated with several acute and chronic reproductive tract disease syndromes in men and women. to evaluate the suitability of a pig-tailed macaque model of m. genitalium infection, we inoculated a pilot animal with m. genitalium strain g37 in the uterine cervix and in salpingeal pockets generated by transplanting autologous fallopian tube tissue subcutaneously. viable organisms were recovered throughout the 8-week experiment in cervicova ... | 2013 | 23732170 |
| functional analysis of the superfamily 1 dna helicases encoded by mycoplasma pneumoniae and mycoplasma genitalium. | the dna recombination and repair machinery of mycoplasma pneumoniae is composed of a limited set of approximately 11 proteins. two of these proteins were predicted to be encoded by neighboring open reading frames (orfs) mpn340 and mpn341. both orfs were found to have sequence similarity with genes that encode proteins belonging to the dna helicase superfamily 1 (sf1). interestingly, while a homolog of the mpn341 orf is present in the genome of mycoplasma genitalium (orf mg244), mpn340 is an m. p ... | 2013 | 23894687 |
| prevalence and associated factors for four sexually transmissible microorganisms in middle-aged men receiving general prostate health checkups: a polymerase chain reaction-based study in korea. | to investigate the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng), mycoplasma genitalium (mg), and ureaplasma urealyticum (uu) in first-voided urine samples and to determine the factors associated with positivity for sexually transmissible microorganisms in healthy, middle-aged korean men. | 2013 | 23362449 |
| alcohol use, mycoplasma genitalium, and other stis associated with hiv incidence among women at high risk in kampala, uganda. | in 2008, the first clinic for women involved in high-risk sexual behavior was established in kampala, offering targeted hiv prevention. this article describes rates, determinants, and trends of hiv incidence over 3 years. | 2013 | 23075920 |
| prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis by pcr in men attending a primary care urology clinic in south korea. | trichomonas vaginalis, a causative agent of trichomoniasis, may trigger symptomatic or asymptomatic nongonococcal urethritis and chronic prostatitis in men. despite the availability of highly sensitive diagnostic tests, such as nucleic acid amplification tests, including pcr, few prospective studies present data on male t. vaginalis infection in south korea. in the present study, the prevalence of t. vaginalis and associated clinical conditions were evaluated in 201 male patients from a primary ... | 2014 | 25352707 |
| clinical characteristics associated with mycoplasma genitalium among female sex workers in nairobi, kenya. | the prevalence of mycoplasma genitalium is high in vulnerable populations of women in low-resource settings. however, the epidemiology of infection in these populations is not well established. to determine the prevalence of mycoplasma genitalium and its association with cervical cytology and other correlates, we recruited 350 female sex workers (fsw) who were 18 to 50 years old in nairobi, kenya, for a cross-sectional study. a questionnaire was administered at baseline to obtain information on ... | 2014 | 25100823 |
| unusually low prevalence of mycoplasma genitalium in urine samples from infertile men and healthy controls: a prevalence study. | to detect mycoplasma genitalium in urine samples of infertile men and men without any signs of infection in order to investigate whether m. genitalium and other genital mycoplasmas (mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma spp) are found more often in urine samples of infertile men than in asymptomatic controls and to determine resistance to macrolides. | 2014 | 25157184 |
| molecular detection of chlamydia trachomatis and other sexually transmitted bacteria in semen of male partners of infertile couples in tunisia: the effect on semen parameters and spermatozoa apoptosis markers. | this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasmas, and ureaplasmas in semen samples of the male partners of infertile couples and to investigate whether chlamydia trachomatis could initiate apoptosis in human spermatozoa. a total of 85 males partners of infertile couples undergoing routine semen analysis according to world health organization guidelines were included. specimens were examined for the presence of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoea ... | 2014 | 25019616 |
| mycoplasma genitalium infection is associated with microscopic signs of cervical inflammation in liquid cytology specimens. | cervicitis is a common clinical finding often attributed to sexually transmitted infections (stis), but no etiologic agent is identified in the majority of cases. in this study, we comparatively assessed inflammation among the common infectious etiologies of cervicitis and assessed the potential value of liquid cytology specimens for predicting stis. among 473 louisiana women at low risk for acquiring stis, the prevalences of mycoplasma genitalium, chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, a ... | 2014 | 24759719 |
| in vitro activity of the new fluoroketolide solithromycin (cem-101) against macrolide-resistant and -susceptible mycoplasma genitalium strains. | mycoplasma genitalium has become well established as an etiological agent of sexually transmitted infections, but due to its fastidious growth requirements, only a few m. genitalium strains are available to determine the mics of currently used and new antimicrobial agents. recent clinical trials have suggested that treatment with azithromycin has decreasing efficacy due to an increasing prevalence of macrolide resistance, and alternative treatment with moxifloxacin is similarly under pressure fr ... | 2014 | 24637681 |
| direct detection of macrolide resistance in mycoplasma genitalium isolates from clinical specimens from france by use of real-time pcr and melting curve analysis. | mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted organism commonly treated with azithromycin. however, macrolide resistance has been reported and is associated with point mutations in the 23s rrna gene. to evaluate the prevalence of macrolide resistance in m. genitalium isolates from clinical specimens from france, we first used a previously reported high-resolution melting assay. because susceptible and resistant m. genitalium isolates were hardly discriminated in m. genitalium-positive clinical ... | 2014 | 24574291 |
| diagnostic and resistance testing for mycoplasma genitalium: what will it take? | | 2014 | 24729505 |
| mycoplasma genitalium testing pattern and macrolide resistance: a danish nationwide retrospective survey. | mycoplasma genitalium is a common cause of nongonococcal urethritis (ngu) and cervicitis. the aim of the study was to analyze the m. genitalium testing pattern and distribution of positive results according to sex and age in a 5-year period where all diagnostic m. genitalium testing in denmark was centralized at the statens serum institut. a secondary aim was to estimate the occurrence of macrolide resistance in a 3-year period. | 2014 | 24729494 |
| clinical efficacy of a single two gram dose of azithromycin extended release for male patients with urethritis. | to clarify the clinical efficacy of a single oral 2 g dose of azithromycin extended-release for heterosexual male patients with urethritis, and the current antimicrobial sensitivity of neisseria gonorrhoeae to azithromycin, a prospective clinical trial was conducted from 2011-2013. in patients with gonococcal urethritis, the eradication rate was 90.9% (30 of 33). the susceptibility rates of isolated neisseria gonorrhoeae strains to ceftriaxone, spectinomycin, cefixime and azithromycin were 100%, ... | 2014 | 27025738 |
| evaluation of two commercial real-time pcr assays for detection of mycoplasma genitalium in urogenital specimens. | the performance of two commercial real-time pcr kits for the detection of mycoplasma genitalium was evaluated in comparison to an in-house real-time pcr assay. concordances of 96% and 93% were found for the tib molbiol and the diagenode assays, respectively, compared to the results of the in-house assay. | 2014 | 24371239 |
| a cross-sectional study of mycoplasma genitalium infection and correlates in women undergoing population-based screening or clinic-based testing for chlamydia infection in london. | to determine mycoplasma genitalium infection and correlates among young women undergoing population-based screening or clinic-based testing for chlamydia infection. | 2014 | 24503298 |
| microbiological characteristics of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in south african women. | we analyzed data of 263 women with at least one genital or anorectal sexually transmitted infection from a cross-sectional study conducted in rural south africa. we provide new insights concerning the concurrence of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma genitalium, and trichomonas vaginalis infections as well as the characteristics of bacterial loads. | 2015 | 26511740 |
| prevalence of 7 sexually transmitted organisms by multiplex real-time pcr in fallopian tube specimens collected from saudi women with and without ectopic pregnancy. | ectopic pregnancy (ep) is associated with maternal morbidity and occasionally mortality during the first trimester. a history of sexually transmitted infection (sti) and pelvic inflammatory disease have been implicated as major risk factors for ep. our aim was to measure the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma genitalium (mg), ureaplasma parvum/urealyticum, gardnerella vaginalis, trichomonas vaginalis and herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1&2 in fallopian tubes c ... | 2015 | 26666587 |
| challenges to the management of curable sexually transmitted infections. | each year, hundreds of millions of new cases of curable sexually transmitted infections (stis) occur worldwide resulting in reproductive and other serious sequelae, as well as enhanced transmission of hiv. the clinical management and control of these stis should include as a minimum access to services that provide timely and accurate diagnostic testing together with effective treatment. the provision of appropriate treatment is challenged by the development of increasing antimicrobial resistance ... | 2015 | 26306415 |
| what is needed to guide testing for anorectal and pharyngeal chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae in women and men? evidence and opinion. | anorectal and pharyngeal infections with chlamydia trachomatis (ct) and neisseria gonorrheae (ng) are commonly observed in men who have sex with men (msm). there is increasing evidence that such infections at extra-genital sites are also common in women. in both sexes, these infections are largely overlooked as they are not routinely tested for in regular care. testing based on sexual behavior or symptoms would only detect half of these extra-genital infections. this paper elucidates the differe ... | 2015 | 26576538 |
| epidemiology of mycoplasma genitalium in british men and women aged 16–44 years: evidence from the third national survey of sexual attitudes and lifestyles (natsal-3). | there are currently no large general population epidemiological studies of mycoplasma genitalium (mg), which include prevalence, risk factors, symptoms and co-infection in men and women across a broad age range. | 2015 | 26534946 |
| relationship between female genital tract infections, mucosal interleukin-17 production and local t helper type 17 cells. | t helper type 17 (th17) cells play an important role in immunity to fungal and bacterial pathogens, although their role in the female genital tract, where exposure to these pathogens is common, is not well understood. we investigated the relationship between female genital tract infections, cervicovaginal interleukin-17 (il-17) concentrations and th17 cell frequencies. forty-two cytokines were measured in cervicovaginal lavages from hiv-uninfected and hiv-infected women. frequencies of th17 cell ... | 2015 | 26302175 |
| management of non-gonococcal urethritis. | non-gonococcal urethritis (ngu), or inflammation of the urethra, is the most common treatable sexually transmitted syndrome in men, with approximately 20-50 % of cases being due to infection with chlamydia trachomatis and 10-30 % mycoplasma genitalium. other causes are ureaplasma urealyticum, trichomonas vaginalis, anaerobes, herpes simplex virus (hsv) and adenovirus. up to half of the cases are non-specific. urethritis is characterized by discharge, dysuria and/or urethral discomfort but may be ... | 2015 | 26220178 |
| association of mycoplasma genitalium with infertility in north indian women. | data regarding the association of mycoplasma genitalium with infertility is scarce. this study was planned to look for the presence and association of m. genitalium in women with infertility. | 2015 | 26692605 |
| which sexually active young female students are most at risk of pelvic inflammatory disease? a prospective study. | to identify risk factors for pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) in female students. | 2015 | 26082320 |
| drug resistance-associated mutations in mycoplasma genitalium in female sex workers, japan. | mycoplasma genitalium was detected in 21 (14.1%) of 149 vaginal swab samples and in 1 (0.7%) of 149 throat washing samples from female sex workers during 2013-2014 in japan. prevalences of m. genitalium with macrolide resistance-associated 23s rrna mutations and fluoroquinolone resistance-associated parc alterations were 47.1% and 36.8%, respectively. | 2015 | 25988775 |
| sensitive detection of thirteen bacterial vaginosis-associated agents using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | bacterial vaginosis (bv) is characterized by a polymicrobial proliferation of anaerobic bacteria and depletion of lactobacilli, which are components of natural vaginal microbiota. currently, there are limited conventional methods for bv diagnosis, and these methods are time-consuming, expensive, and rarely allow for the detection of more than one agent simultaneously. therefore, we conceived and validated a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-pcr) assay for the simultaneous screening of thirt ... | 2015 | 26078959 |
| vertical transmission of bacterial eye infections, angola, 2011-2012. | to determine transmission rates for neonatal conjunctivitis causative microorganisms in angola, we analyzed 312 endocervical and 255 conjunctival samples from mothers and newborns, respectively, during 2011-2012. transmission rates were 50% for chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae and 10.5% for mycoplasma genitalium. possible pathogenic effects of m. genitalium in children's eyes are unknown. | 2015 | 25695394 |
| first attempt to implement ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis in angola: microorganisms, efficacy, and obstacles. | purpose. to determine the efficacy of povidone-iodine (p-i) prophylaxis for ophthalmia neonatorum (on) in angola and to document maternal prevalence and mother-to-child transmission rates. methods. endocervical samples from mothers (n = 317) and newborn conjunctival smears (n = 245) were analysed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng), and mycoplasma genitalium (mg). newborns were randomized into a noninterventional group and an in ... | 2015 | 25785190 |
| prevalence of mycoplasma genitalium and mycoplasma hominis in urogenital tract of brazilian women. | the role of mycoplasma hominis and m. genitalium in urogenital tract infections remains unknown. furthermore these mollicutes present a complex relationship with the host immune response. the role of inflammatory cytokines in infections also makes them good candidates to investigate bacterial vaginosis and mycoplasma genital infections. therefore, the aim of this study was to detect the above-mentioned mollicutes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) methodologies in vaginal swabs and ... | 2015 | 25886914 |
| treatment efficacy, treatment failures and selection of macrolide resistance in patients with high load of mycoplasma genitalium during treatment of male urethritis with josamycin. | azithromycin has been widely used for mycoplasma genitalium treatment internationally. however, the eradication efficacy has substantially declined recent decade. in russia, josamycin (another macrolide) is the recommended first-line treatment for m. genitalium infections, however, no data regarding treatment efficacy with josamycin and resistance in m. genitalium infections have been internationally published. we examined the m. genitalium prevalence in males attending an sti clinic in moscow, ... | 2015 | 25645440 |
| polymerase chain reaction as a diagnostic tool for six sexually transmitted infections - preliminary results. | sexually transmitted infections are a very frequent and under-diagnosed cause of illness worldwide. a high number of detection methods and a large range of specimens in which sexually transmitted infections can be determined are available at the moment. polymerase chain reaction performed on first void urine offers the advantage of being non-invasive, self-collectable and has high sensitivity and specificity. we looked to determine the frequency of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, t ... | 2015 | 26528045 |
| performance evaluation of automated urine microscopy as a rapid, non-invasive approach for the diagnosis of non-gonococcal urethritis. | gram-stained urethral smear (gsus), the standard point-of-care test for non-gonococcal urethritis (ngu) is operator dependent and poorly specific. the performance of rapid automated urine flow cytometry (aufc) of first void urine (fvu) white cell counts (uwcc) for predicting mycoplasma genitalium and chlamydia trachomatis urethral infections was assessed and its application to asymptomatic infection was evaluated. | 2015 | 25614466 |
| bacterial load in daily urine samples of patients infected with mycoplasma genitalium, mutation analysis, and response to treatment. | objective. increasing macrolide resistant strains of mycoplasma genitalium is a challenge, and to differentiate between treatment failure and reinfection a timely test of cure (toc) is warranted. the aim of this study was to evaluate the best time for toc after five days' treatment of mycoplasma genitalium infection with azithromycin. methods. nineteen patients with positive pcr for mycoplasma genitalium in urine provided urine samples daily for 2 weeks and on days 21, 28, and 35. samples were t ... | 2016 | 27829780 |
| a novel simpleprobe pcr assay for detection of mutations in the 23s rrna gene associated with macrolide resistance in mycoplasma genitalium in clinical samples. | macrolide-resistant strains of mycoplasma genitalium are an increasing problem throughout the world, and the implementation of a rapid and sensitive assay for mutation detection to guide treatment is needed. macrolide-resistant strains have been shown to contain base substitutions in positions 2058 and 2059 (escherichia coli numbering) in region v of the 23s rrna gene. in this study, we present a simpleprobe pcr followed by melting curve analysis to differentiate between macrolide-resistant muta ... | 2016 | 27487958 |
| bacterial etiology of sexually transmitted infections at a sti clinic in ghana; use of multiplex real time pcr. | most sexually transmitted infection (sti) management efforts focus on the syndromic approach to diagnose and treat patients. however, most women with stis have been shown to be entirely asymptomatic, or if symptoms exist, are often missed when either clinical or conventional bacteriologic diagnostic tools are employed. | 2016 | 27752188 |
| a case-control study on the relationship between mycoplasma genitalium infection in women with normal pregnancy and spontaneous abortion using polymerase chain reaction. | mycoplasma genitalium infections are suggested as causes of a number of pathological outcomes in pregnant women. the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of m. genitalium infections among pregnant women and its association with spontaneous abortion. | 2016 | 27812493 |
| mycoplasma genitalium prevalence, coinfection, and macrolide antibiotic resistance frequency in a multicenter clinical study cohort in the united states. | the prevalence rates of mycoplasma genitalium infections and coinfections with other sexually transmitted organisms and the frequency of a macrolide antibiotic resistance phenotype were determined in urogenital specimens collected from female and male subjects enrolled in a multicenter clinical study in the united states. specimens from 946 subjects seeking care from seven geographically diverse clinical sites were tested for m. genitalium and for chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, an ... | 2016 | 27307460 |
| recruitment of minority adolescents and young adults into randomised clinical trials: testing the design of the technology enhanced community health nursing (tech-n) pelvic inflammatory disease trial. | pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) disproportionately affects adolescent and young adult (aya) women and can negatively influence reproductive health trajectories. few randomized controlled trials (rcts) have focused on strategies to improve outpatient adherence or to reduce reproductive morbidity in this population. this paper describes the research methods and preliminary effectiveness of recruitment, retention, and intervention strategies employed in a novel rct designed to test a technology-e ... | 2016 | 27617108 |
| mycoplasma genitalium: an overlooked sexually transmitted pathogen in women? | mycoplasma genitalium is a facultative anaerobic organism and a recognized cause of nongonococcal urethritis in men. in women, m. genitalium has been associated with cervicitis, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease (pid), infertility, susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and adverse birth outcomes, indicating a consistent relationship with female genital tract pathology. the global prevalence of m. genitalium among symptomatic and asymptomatic sexually active women ranges b ... | 2016 | 27212873 |
| mycoplasma genitalium: an emerging sexually transmitted infection. | mycoplasma genitalium has been recognized as a cause of male urethritis, and there is now evidence suggesting that it causes cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in women. m. genitalium is a slow growing organism, and, with the advent of nucleic acid amplification test (naat), more studies are being performed, and knowledge about the pathogenicity of this organism elucidated. with naat detection, treatment modalities have been studied, and the next challenge is to determine the most effect ... | 2016 | 27034904 |
| mycoplasma genitalium in toronto, ont: estimates of prevalence and macrolide resistance. | to estimate the prevalence of mycoplasma genitalium in toronto, ont; detect mutations associated with macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance; and describe treatment outcomes. | 2016 | 27331225 |
| clinical laboratory assessment of mycoplasma genitalium transcription-mediated amplification using primary female urogenital specimens. | following analysis of primary cervix, vagina, and first-void female urine specimens for chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and trichomonas vaginalis via commercial transcription-mediated amplification (tma), residual material was subjected to mycoplasma genitalium research-use-only tma. representation within a 2,478-specimen retrospective study set was established by comparison to a 6-month audit of clinical c. trachomatis tma (12,999 specimens) on the basis of the c. trachomatis dete ... | 2016 | 26659209 |
| analysis of the mycoplasma genitalium mgpb adhesin to predict membrane topology, investigate antibody accessibility, characterize amino acid diversity, and identify functional and immunogenic epitopes. | mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted pathogen and is associated with reproductive tract disease that can be chronic in nature despite the induction of a strong antibody response. persistent infection exacerbates the likelihood of transmission, increases the risk of ascension to the upper tract, and suggests that m. genitalium may possess immune evasion mechanism(s). antibodies from infected patients predominantly target the mgpb adhesin, which is encoded by a gene that recombines with ... | 2015 | 26381903 |
| screening for abnormal vaginal microflora by self-assessed vaginal ph does not enable detection of sexually transmitted infections in ugandan women. | is self-assessed vaginal ph measurement to detect abnormal vaginal bacterial microflora (avf) an adequate prescreening method for detection of genital sexually transmitted infections (stis)? | 2016 | 27112831 |
| an improved implementation of effective number of codons (nc). | the effective number of codons (n(c)) is a widely used index for characterizing codon usage bias because it does not require a set of reference genes as does codon adaptation index (cai) and because of the freely available computational tools such as codonw. however, n(c), as originally formulated has many problems. for example, it can have values far greater than the number of sense codons; it treats a 6-fold compound codon family as a single-codon family although it is made of a 2-fold and a 4 ... | 2013 | 22915832 |
| ureaplasma parvum genotype, combined vaginal colonisation with candida albicans, and spontaneous preterm birth in an australian cohort of pregnant women. | detection of ureaplasma, mycoplasma and candida spp. in the vagina during pregnancy has previously been associated with preterm birth (ptb). however, the prevalence of these microorganisms and the associated obstetric risks (likely to be population-specific) have not been determined in australian women; furthermore, in the case of ureaplasma spp., very few studies have attempted characterisation at the species level and none have examined genotype/serovar status to further refine risk assessment ... | 2016 | 27756249 |
| study of the prevalence and association of ocular chlamydial conjunctivitis in women with genital infection by chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma genitalium and candida albicans attending outpatient clinic. | to determine the association between chlamydial conjunctivitis and genital infection by chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma genitalium and candida albicans, in addition to the possible relationship between cultured bacterial pathogens and oculogenital chlamydial infection. | 2016 | 27588273 |
| performance evaluation of a dna chip assay in the identification of major genitourinary pathogens. | to prevent the recurrence of genitourinary infections and to reduce the risks of their complications, accurate and rapid diagnosis are required. stdetect® chip is a dna chip which allows for the simultaneous detection of 13 major genitourinary pathogens in a single vaginal swab or urine specimen. we evaluated the analytical performance of the stdetect® chip for detecting target pathogens that commonly cause genitourinary infections. | 2015 | 25533217 |
| mycoplasma genitalium: a mycoplasma still underestimated. | three men referred to the emergency department with suspected sexually transmitted infection like urethritis. after collection of several clinical specimens, they are sent home with a probabilistic treatment. mycoplasma genitalium research is performed in first line, as neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis, and comes back positive. patients are recalled in order to evaluate probabilistic treatment efficiency. m. genitalium, still underestimated because of its recent discovery, is resp ... | 2017 | 28377334 |
| routine testing of mycoplasma genitalium and trichomonas vaginalis. | mycoplasma genitalium (mg) and trichomonas vaginalis (tv) are common sexual transmitted infections (sti). however, most sti screening programmes do not include routinely detection of these pathogens. consequently, epidemiological data about mg and tv in the general population is lacking. the current study aims to give insight into the prevalence of both infections, thereby guiding decisions whether testing for these pathogens should be included routinely. | 2017 | 28301989 |
| simultaneous detection and identification of sti pathogens by multiplex real-time pcr in genital tract specimens in a selected area of apulia, a region of southern italy. | genital tract infections are globally a major cause of morbidity in sexually active individuals. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associations of co-infections of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas vaginalis, mycoplasma hominis (mh), mycoplasma genitalium, ureaplasma urealyticum (uu) and ureaplasma parvum (up) in specimens collected from female (sf) and male (sm) patients. | 2017 | 28260146 |
| impact of deploying multiple point-of-care tests with a 'sample first' approach on a sexual health clinical care pathway. a service evaluation. | to assess clinical service value of sti point-of-care test (poct) use in a 'sample first' clinical pathway (patients providing samples on arrival at clinic, before clinician consultation). specific outcomes were: patient acceptability; whether a rapid nucleic acid amplification test (naat) for chlamydia trachomatis/neisseria gonorrhoeae (ct/ng) could be used as a poct in practice; feasibility of non-naat poct implementation for trichomonas vaginalis (tv) and bacterial vaginosis (bv); impact on p ... | 2017 | 28159916 |
| should female partners of men with non-gonococcal urethritis, negative for chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma genitalium, be informed and treated? clinical outcomes from a partner study of heterosexual men with ngu. | to determine if female partners of men with pathogen-negative non-gonococcal urethritis (ngu) are at risk of genital infection. | 2017 | 28079749 |
| relationship between chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma genitalium infection and pregnancy rate and outcome in iranian infertile couples. | the study was performed to investigate the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma genitalium in a population of infertile couples from iran and how this relates to tubal factor infertility, pregnancy rate and outcome of pregnancy. blood, semen and first-void urine samples were obtained from 250 infertile couples and 250 fertile women as a control. infertile couples were followed up after 24 months to determine diagnosis, referral for assisted conception, any pregnancy and pregnancy o ... | 2016 | 28032361 |
| sexually transmitted diseases and infertility. | female infertility, including tubal factor infertility, is a major public health concern worldwide. most cases of tubal factor infertility are attributable to untreated sexually transmitted diseases that ascend along the reproductive tract and are capable of causing tubal inflammation, damage, and scarring. evidence has consistently demonstrated the effects of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae as pathogenic bacteria involved in reproductive tract morbidities including tubal factor ... | 2017 | 28007229 |
| [non-viral sexually transmitted infections - epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostics and therapy : part 2: chlamydia and mycoplasma]. | chlamydia trachomatis is the most common pathogen of sexually transmitted bacterial infections worldwide. every year in germany approximately 300,000 new infections are to be expected. chlamydia infections occur nearly exclusively in the postpubertal period. the peak age group is 15-25 years. the infection usually runs an asymptomatic course and the diagnosis is made by nucleic acid amplification techniques (naat) often after chlamydial screening or if complications occur. for treatment of chlam ... | 2017 | 27981387 |
| quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of mycoplasma genitalium infection in south african men with and without symptoms of urethritis. | this study was done to diagnose mycoplasma genitalium infection based on bacterial load in urine specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic men. | 2017 | 27898565 |
| mycoplasma genitalium and trichomonas vaginalis in france: a point prevalence study in people screened for sexually transmitted diseases. | mycoplasma genitalium and trichomonas vaginalis are common causes of sexually transmitted infections, but limited prevalence data are available in france. we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of m. genitalium and t. vaginalis infections and to assess prevalence by gender, age, sample collection sites and clinical symptoms. a multicentre collection of specimens was intended to obtain a nationwide overview of the epidemiology. | 2017 | 27836808 |
| expansion of comprehensive screening of male sexually transmitted infection clinic attendees with mycoplasma genitalium and trichomonas vaginalis molecular assessment: a retrospective analysis. | of 1,493 encounters of males at a sexually transmitted infection (sti) clinic in a community with a high prevalence of sti, chlamydia trachomatis was detected in 8.7% and neisseria gonorrhoeae was detected in 6.6%. additional trichomonas vaginalis and mycoplasma genitalium screening found 17.4% and 23.9% of the encounters, respectively, to be positive for sti. sti agents were detected in 13.7% of urine specimens; addition of pharyngeal and rectal collections to the analysis resulted in detection ... | 2017 | 27629896 |
| urethral inflammatory response to ureaplasma is significantly lower than to mycoplasma genitalium and chlamydia trachomatis. | a non-syndromic approach to treatment of people with non-gonococcal urethritis (ngu) requires identification of pathogens and understanding of the role of those pathogens in causing disease. the most commonly detected and isolated micro-organisms in the male urethral tract are bacteria belonging to the family of mycoplasmataceae, in particular ureaplasma urealyticum and ureaplasma parvum to better understand the role of these ureaplasma species in ngu, we have performed a prospective analysis of ... | 2016 | 27558163 |
| gardnerella vaginalis and mollicute detection in rectal swabs from men who have sex with men. | the numbers of rectal sexually transmitted infections are on the rise especially among men who have sex with men. males from men who have sex with men population are encouraged to send a rectal swab to the laboratory for sexually transmitted infection screening at their visit to the genitourinary medicine clinic. in healthy asymptomatic males, the range of pathogens tested is limited therefore other pathogens may be left untreated allowing infections to persist among sexual partners. molecular t ... | 2016 | 27542698 |
| the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma genitalium tubal infections and their effects on the expression of il-6 and leukaemia inhibitory factor in fallopian tubes with and without an ectopic pregnancy. | this was a prospective case-control study that measured the prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng) and mycoplasma genitalium (mg) by an ivd ce multiplex pcr kit in fresh fallopian tubes (ft) obtained from 96 ectopic pregnancies (ep) and 61 controls in the midluteal phase of the cycle. we later measured the expression profile of il-6, leukaemia inhibitory factor (lif) and their signalling molecules, in respect to the type and number of infections, by immunohistochemi ... | 2016 | 27511901 |
| mycoplasma genitalium macrolide resistance in stockholm, sweden. | mycoplasma genitalium is an important cause of sti in men and women. worldwide evidence suggests a reduction in efficacy of azithromycin treatment due to the prevalence of macrolide resistant m. genitalium. the aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of macrolide resistance in patients with a positive test for m. genitalium within our setting. | 2016 | 27502694 |
| performance of self-collected penile-meatal swabs compared to clinician-collected urethral swabs for the detection of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas vaginalis, and mycoplasma genitalium by nucleic acid amplification assays. | men were enrolled in a study to assess the performance and acceptability of self-collected penile meatal swabs as compared to clinician-collected urethral swabs for sexually transmitted infections (stis). we expected penile-meatal swabs to perform favorably to urethral swabs for chlamydia trachomatis (ct), neisseria gonorrhoeae (ng), trichomonas vaginalis (tv), and mycoplasma genitalium (mg) detection by nucleic acid amplification assays (naats). of 203 swab pairs tested; for ct, penile-meatal s ... | 2016 | 27497595 |
| analysis of direct-to-consumer marketed chlamydia trachomatis diagnostic tests in norway. | background in 2014, and for the first time in norway, a pharmacy chain started selling home sampling kits for chlamydia trachomatis (c. trachomatis) detection. direct-to-consumer diagnostic kits for c. trachomatis have been available in norway from an internet company since 2005. there has been little assessment of persons who purchase direct-to-consumer diagnostic tests for sexually transmissible infections (stis) detection and if low-risk populations are being unnecessarily encouraged to buy t ... | 2015 | 27468642 |
| evaluation of syndromic management guidelines for treatment of sexually transmitted infections in south african women. | to evaluate the performance of three different guidelines for the management of vaginal discharge syndrome (vds) for women living in a rural setting in south africa. | 2016 | 27350659 |
| genital mycoplasma and chlamydia trachomatis infections in patients with genital tract infections attending a tertiary care hospital of north india. | limited data are available on the prevalence of genital mycoplasmas and chlamydia trachomatis (ct) among indian patients with genital tract infections. the objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of ureaplasma urealyticum (uu), mycoplasma hominis (mh), mycoplasma genitalium (mg), and ct in patients with genital tract infections. the antimicrobial susceptibilities of uu and mh were also assessed. endocervical swabs/urethral swabs and first void urine samples of patients (n = 164) ... | 2017 | 27166039 |