| building the blueprint of life. | with recent breakthroughs in experimental microbiology making it possible to synthesize and implant an entire genome to create a living cell, the challenge of constructing a working blueprint for the first truly minimal synthetic organism is more important than ever. here we review the significant progress made in the design and creation of a minimal organism. we discuss how comparative genomes, gene essentiality data, naturally small genomes, and metabolic modeling are all being applied to prod ... | 2010 | 20665643 |
| simultaneous detection of ureaplasma parvum, ureaplasma urealyticum, mycoplasma genitalium and mycoplasma hominis by fluorescence polarization. | a simple and practical method for simultaneous detection of ureaplasma urealyticum (u. urealyticum), ureaplasma parvum (u. parvum), mycoplasma hominis (m. hominis) and mycoplasma genitalium (m. genitalium) by fluorescence polarization (fp) assay has been developed. dna of the 16s rrna gene of u. urealyticum, u. parvum, m. genitalium and m. hominis was amplified using a forward primer and two reverse primers in an asymmetric pcr. four probes labeled with different fluorophores were specific for u ... | 2010 | 20673839 |
| comprehensive assessment of sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors for mycoplasma genitalium infection in women. | neisseria gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis are characterized by different risk factors, thus control strategies for each also differ. in contrast, risk factors for mycoplasma genitalium have not been well characterized. | 2010 | 20679963 |
| mycoplasma, ureaplasma, and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a fresh look. | recent work on the molicutes that associate with genital tract tissues focuses on four species that may be of interest in potential maternal, fetal, and neonatal infection and in contributing to adverse pregnancy outcomes. mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum have historically been the subject of attention, but mycoplasma genitalis which causes male urethritis in addition to colonizing the female genital tract and the division of ureaplasma into two species, urealyticum and parvum, has ... | 2010 | 20706675 |
| mycoplasma genitalium pcr: does freezing of specimens affect sensitivity? | mycoplasma genitalium is an established cause of sexually transmitted infections. studies of disease associations are often performed on archived specimens, but little is known about the effect of storage of specimens on the detection of m. genitalium. genital swab and first-void urine specimens submitted for detection of m. genitalium were tested on the day of receipt. remnants of positive original specimens as well as dna preparations were stored at -20°c for up to 18 months. a total of 361 m. ... | 2010 | 20720022 |
| venter's build-a-bug workshop. | | 2010 | 20724722 |
| cell division in a minimal bacterium in the absence of ftsz. | mycoplasma genomes exhibit an impressively low amount of genes involved in cell division and some species even lack the ftsz gene, which is found widespread in the microbial world and is considered essential for cell division by binary fission. we constructed a mycoplasma genitalium ftsz null mutant by gene replacement to investigate the role of this gene and the presence of alternative cell division mechanisms in this minimal bacterium. our results demonstrate that ftsz is non-essential for cel ... | 2010 | 20735775 |
| the mycoplasma genitalium mg352-encoded protein is a holliday junction resolvase that has a non-functional orthologue in mycoplasma pneumoniae. | recombination between repeated dna elements in the genomes of mycoplasma species appears to lie at the basis of antigenic variation of several essential surface proteins. it is therefore imperative that the dna recombinatorial pathways in mycoplasmas be unravelled. here, we describe the proteins encoded by the mycoplasma genitalium mg352 and mycoplasma pneumoniae mpn528a genes (recu(mge) and recu(mpn) respectively), which share sequence similarity with recu holliday junction (hj) resolvases. rec ... | 2010 | 20735784 |
| [identification of mycoplasma in patients with suspected prostate cancer]. | tests for mycoplasma hominis, m. genitalium, ureaplasma urealyticum in males with suspected prostate cancer. | 2010 | 20799402 |
| guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of mycoplasma genitalium infections in east european countries. | the present guidelines aim to provide comprehensive information regarding laboratory diagnosis of mycoplasma genitalium infections in east european countries. these guidelines are intended primarily for laboratory professionals testing specimens from patients at sexual health care clinics, but may also be useful for community-based screening programmes. diagnosis of m. genitalium infection is performed exclusively using nucleic acid amplification tests (naats), owing to the poor and slow growth ... | 2010 | 20814619 |
| the overall agreement of proposed definitions of mucopurulent cervicitis in women at high risk of chlamydia infection. | the overall agreement between different criteria for cervicitis in women infected with chlamydia trachomatis and/or mycoplasma genitalium, and in women who tested negative was examined. women attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases were enrolled because of sexual partners' suspected chlamydia infection. m. genitalium was tested in a sample of first-catch urine and an endocervical specimen, whereas specimens from four different sites were used for detection of c. trachomatis. signs o ... | 2010 | 20814628 |
| detection of mycoplasma genitalium using a wireless magnetoelastic immunosensor. | a wireless immunosensor for the detection of mycoplasma genitalium was fabricated by immobilizing polyclonal antibody onto the surface of a magnetostrictive strip. in response to a time-varying magnetic field, the immunosensor longitudinally vibrates at a resonance frequency, emitting magnetic flux that can be remotely detected by a pickup coil. no physical connections between the immunosensor and the detection system are required, facilitating wireless aseptic operation. the binding of m. genit ... | 2011 | 20836984 |
| gyrb and pare mutations in urinary mycoplasma genitalium dna from men with non-gonococcal urethritis. | | 2010 | 20846831 |
| aetiological agents of urethritis in symptomatic south african men attending a family practice. | the objective was to determine the occurrence of four urethral pathogens in urine specimens from symptomatic men using transcription mediated amplification (tma) assay. urethral swab and urine specimens from 300 men presenting to a family practitioner were gram stained and tested for neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, trichomonas vaginalis and mycoplasma genitalium using three tma assays respectively. except for t. vaginalis, the other recognized pathogens viz. n. gonorrhoeae, c. trac ... | 2010 | 20852197 |
| association of mycoplasma genitalium with balanoposthitis in men with non-gonococcal urethritis. | to determine whether mycoplasma genitalium is associated with balanitis and/or posthitis in a previous study of the role of m genitalium in men with acute non-gonococcal urethritis (ngu). | 2011 | 20852310 |
| estimating the number of unlicensed brothels operating in melbourne. | to estimate the number of unlicensed brothels operating in melbourne, australia, and the sexual health of the women working in them. | 2010 | 20920108 |
| is mycoplasma genitalium in women the "new chlamydia?" a community-based prospective cohort study. | the role of mycoplasma genitalium in pelvic inflammatory disease is unclear. we conducted a cohort study to determine the prevalence and predictors of m. genitalium infection in female students, to explore its role in pelvic inflammatory disease and to estimate its annual incidence and persistence rate. | 2010 | 20942656 |
| genomics: dna's master craftsmen. | | 2010 | 21048740 |
| transcriptional response of mycoplasma genitalium to osmotic stress. | mycoplasma genitalium is the causative agent of non-gonococcal, chlamydia-negative urethritis in men and has been linked to reproductive tract disease syndromes in women. as with other mycoplasmas, m. genitalium lacks many regulatory genes because of its streamlined genome and total dependence on a parasitic existence. therefore, it is important to understand how gene regulation occurs in m. genitalium, particularly in response to environmental signals likely to be encountered in vivo. in this s ... | 2010 | 21051489 |
| mycoplasma genitalium is associated with cervicitis and hiv infection in an urban australian sti clinic population. | to investigate the prevalence of the genital mollicutes, mycoplasma genitalium (mg), mycoplasma hominis (mh), ureaplasma urealyticum (uu) and ureaplasma parvum (up), and their associations with cervicitis in a sexually transmitted infection (sti) clinic population. clinical correlates of mg infection were also assessed. | 2010 | 21071566 |
| mycoplasmas in pregnancy. | the genital mycoplasmas have been implicated in a number of adverse outcomes of pregnancy. spontaneous preterm labour and preterm birth is an important contributor to perinatal mortality and morbidity. if mycoplasma hominis plays an integral part in this problem, it is likely to contribute through its involvement with bacterial vaginosis. ureaplasmas induce cytokines and inflammation, making a casual association compelling. the role of mycoplasma genitalium and mycoplasma fermentans is less clea ... | 2010 | 21091927 |
| high prevalence of hiv-1, hiv-2 and other sexually transmitted infections among women attending two sexual health clinics in bissau, guinea-bissau, west africa. | the objective was to examine the prevalence of hiv-1, hiv-2 and 10 other sexually transmitted infections (stis), and to explore the relationship between hiv and those stis in women attending two sexual health clinics in bissau, guinea-bissau. in all, 711 women with urogenital problems were included. clinical examination was performed and hiv-1, hiv-2, human t-cell lymphotropic virus (htlv)-1, htlv-2 and syphilis were diagnosed by serology. trichomonas vaginalis was examined using wet mount micro ... | 2010 | 21097735 |
| insights into mycoplasma genitalium metabolism revealed by the structure of mg289, an extracytoplasmic thiamine binding lipoprotein. | mycoplasma genitalium is one of the smallest organisms capable of self-replication and its sequence is considered a starting point for understanding the minimal genome required for life. mg289, a putative phosphonate substrate binding protein, is considered to be one of these essential genes. the crystal structure of mg289 has been solved at 1.95 å resolution. the structurally identified thiamine binding region reveals possible mechanisms for ligand promiscuity. mg289 was determined to be an ext ... | 2011 | 21117240 |
| microbial correlates of delayed care for pelvic inflammatory disease. | objective:: we studied the microbial correlates of time to care and long-term outcomes among pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) patients, as delayed care may increase the risk for reproductive sequelae. methods:: mean days of pain before care were compared by microbial pathogen (chlamydia trachomatis only, neisseria gonorrhoeae only, mycoplasma genitalium only, coinfection with 2 or more pathogens, or no pathogens) among 298 women with histologically confirmed endometritis from the pid evaluation ... | 2010 | 21124257 |
| sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010. | these guidelines for the treatment of persons who have or are at risk for sexually transmitted diseases (stds) were updated by cdc after consultation with a group of professionals knowledgeable in the field of stds who met in atlanta on april 18-30, 2009. the information in this report updates the 2006 guidelines for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (mmwr 2006;55[no. rr-11]). included in these updated guidelines is new information regarding 1) the expanded diagnostic evaluation for cer ... | 2010 | 21160459 |
| recommendations and rationale for the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease. | pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) is one of the most common serious infections of nonpregnant women of reproductive age. management of pid is directed at containment of infection. goals of therapy include the resolution of clinical symptoms and signs, the eradication of pathogens from the genital tract and the prevention of sequelae including infertility, ectopic pregnancy and chronic pelvic pain. the choice of an antibiotic regimen used to treat pid relies upon the appreciation of the polymicro ... | 2011 | 21171878 |
| clinical efficacy of levofloxacin 500 mg once daily for 7 days for patients with non-gonococcal urethritis. | to confirm the efficacy of the treatment regimen with oral levofloxacin (lvfx) 500 mg once daily for 7 days for patients with non-gonococcal urethritis (ngu), we evaluated the microbiological and clinical outcomes of the regimen in those patients. we finally evaluated 53 patients with symptomatic ngu and 5 patients with asymptomatic ngu. as a result of microbiological examinations, 19 of the symptomatic patients were diagnosed as having non-gonococcal chlamydial urethritis (ngcu); 13 had non-gon ... | 2010 | 21174140 |
| genetic variation in the complete mgpa operon and its repetitive chromosomal elements in clinical strains of mycoplasma genitalium. | mycoplasma genitalium has been increasingly recognized as an important microbe not only because of its significant association with human genital tract diseases but also because of its utility as a model for studying the minimum set of genes necessary to sustain life. despite its small genome, 4.7% of the total genome sequence is devoted to making the mgpa adhesin operon and its nine chromosomal repetitive elements (termed mgpars). the mgpa operon, along with 9 mgpars, is believed to play an imp ... | 2010 | 21187921 |
| comparison of two mycoplasma genitalium real-time pcr detection methodologies. | established in-house quantitative pcr (qpcr) assays to detect the mycoplasma genitalium adhesion protein (mgpa) and the 16s rrna gene were found to be comparable for screening purposes, with a kappa value of 0.97 (95% confidence interval [ci], 0.94 to 1.01) and no difference in bacterial load quantified (p = 0.4399). | 2011 | 21209170 |
| prevalence of genital mycoplasma, ureaplasma, gardnerella, and human papillomavirus in japanese men with urethritis, and risk factors for detection of urethral human papillomavirus infection. | to analyze the risk factors for hpv infection in the urethra, we examined the prevalence of various microorganisms, for example neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma urealyticum, ureaplasma parvum, gardnerella vaginalis, and human papillomavirus (hpv) in japanese male patients with urethritis, and investigated their sexual backgrounds. rubbed samples obtained from the distal urethra and questionnaires regarding sexual activity and dem ... | 2011 | 21213011 |
| 'the difference in determinants of chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma genitalium in a sample of young australian women'. | differences in the determinants of chlamydia trachomatis ('chlamydia') and mycoplasma genitalium (mg) genital infection in women are not well understood. | 2011 | 21284887 |
| demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics of men with nongonococcal urethritis differ by etiology: a case-comparison study. | nongonococcal urethritis (ngu) is common, yet up to 50% of cases have no defined etiology. the extent to which risk profiles and clinical presentations of pathogen-associated and idiopathic cases differ is largely unknown. | 2011 | 21285914 |
| re-evaluating the treatment of nongonococcal urethritis: emphasizing emerging pathogens--a randomized clinical trial. | nongonococcal urethritis (ngu) is a common chlamydia-associated syndrome in men; however, trichomonas vaginalis and mycoplasma genitalium are associated with its etiology and should be considered in approaches to therapy. we sought to determine whether the addition of tinidazole, an anti-trichomonal agent, to the treatment regimen would result in higher cure rates than those achieved with treatment with doxycycline or azithromycin alone. a secondary aim was to compare the efficacy of doxycycline ... | 2011 | 21288838 |
| simultaneous and rapid differential diagnosis of mycoplasma genitalium and ureaplasma urealyticum based on a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. | the aim of this investigation was to simultaneously detect and differentiate mycoplasma genitalium and ureaplasma urealyticum in female patients suffering from genital complications by polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp). | 2011 | 21304192 |
| mycoplasma genitalium: is it a sexually transmitted pathogen? | mycoplasma genitalium is an emerging pathogen that has been detected in the male and female reproductive tracts. it is an established cause of nongonococcal urethritis and evidence linking it to cervicitis, endometritis, and tubal factor infertility is accumulating. whether a pathogen is sexually transmitted has important implications for clinical management because partner management strategies are an essential part of the treatment plan for sexually transmitted infections. however, mere detect ... | 2010 | 21308546 |
| role of mycoplasma and ureaplasma species in female lower genital tract infections. | genital mycoplasmas are commonly found in the female genital tract. despite ongoing debate, the evidence that they cause lower genital tract disease in women remains sparse. the data that mycoplasma genitalium is primarily transmitted sexually are accumulating, but its role as a cause of symptomatic urethritis or cervicitis is open to debate. although mycoplasma hominis may be a co-factor in bacterial vaginosis, it has otherwise not been implicated as a cause of lower tract disease. now that ure ... | 2010 | 21308549 |
| induced macrolide resistance in mycoplasma genitalium isolates from patients with recurrent nongonococcal urethritis. | | 2011 | 21346049 |
| sexually transmissible infections among female sex workers in manado, indonesia, using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based reverse line blot assay. | sexually transmissible infections (stis) remain highly prevalent, and hiv is increasing, among female sex workers (fsws) in indonesia. our aim was to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, stis among fsws in manado, indonesia. | 2011 | 21371382 |
| direct simultaneous detection of 6 sexually transmitted pathogens from clinical specimens by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and auto-capillary electrophoresis. | the availability of a reliable and user-friendly method to identify pathogens causing sexually transmitted diseases (stds) is essential to reduce the complications and spread of infection. in this study, genital/urinary specimens from 113 patients with stds were simultaneously tested for 6 pathogens using the automated seeplex-« (seegene, seoul, korea) multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based std6b auto-capillary electrophoresis (ace) system. the results were compared with conventional re ... | 2011 | 21392925 |
| utility of urine, vaginal, cervical, and rectal specimens for detection of mycoplasma genitalium in women. | this study assessed the utility of urine, vaginal, cervical, and rectal specimens for the detection of mycoplasma genitalium in women by using our laboratory-developed pcr assay. the relative sensitivity was 85.7% for the vaginal swab specimen, 74.3% for the endocervical swab specimen, 61.4% for the urine specimen, and 24.3% for the rectal swab specimen. | 2011 | 21411587 |
| the prevalence of urogenital micro-organisms detected by a multiplex pcr-reverse line blot assay in women attending three sexual health clinics in sydney, australia. | this study used a previously described multiplex pcr-based reverse line blot (mpcr/rlb) assay to assess the prevalence and distribution of 14 urogenital pathogens or putative pathogens, namely neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma hominis, trichomonas vaginalis, gardnerella vaginalis, ureaplasma parvum, ureaplasma urealyticum, neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and human adenoviru ... | 2011 | 21415210 |
| frequency of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma species in cervical samples. | we investigated the relative frequencies of chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma sp. in cervical samples. pcr analyses were performed in ectocervical and endocervical samples from 224 patients attending public health services in belo horizonte and contagem, minas gerais brazil. a high prevalence of colonisation of the cervix (6.3% for c. trachomatis, 4.0% for n. gonorrhoeae, 0.9% for m. genitalium, 21.9% for m. hominis, 38.4% for ... | 2011 | 21417648 |
| [effect of combined therapy using complex of natural cytokines and antimicrobial peptides in urogenital infections caused by chlamydia and mycoplasma]. | to study efficacy of complex therapy of urogenital infections caused by chlamydia and mycoplasma using immunomodulator superlimph. | 2011 | 21446174 |
| detection of nanobacteria in patients with chronic prostatitis and vaginitis by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. | we aimed to investigate the detection of nanobacteria (nb) from expressed prostatic secretions (eps) in patients with category iii chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (cp/cpps) and from vaginal swabs in patients with vaginitis by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and to evaluate the association between nb and neisseria gonorrhea, chlamydia trachomatis, ureaplasma urealyticum (u. urealyticum), mycoplasma hominis, trichomonas vaginalis, and mycoplasma genitalium ... | 2011 | 21461284 |
| mycoplasma genitalium infection among hiv-positive women: prevalence, risk factors and association with vaginal shedding. | this study examined the prevalence and factors associated with mycoplasma genitalium (mg) infection among hiv-positive women and the association between mg and vaginal hiv-1 rna shedding. hiv-positive women attending an outpatient clinic in new orleans, louisiana, usa, from 2002 to 2005 were examined for a battery of sexually transmitted infections (stis) and underwent a behavioural survey. a selected subset had a measurement of vaginal shedding analysed. of the 324 hiv-positive women, 32 (9.9%) ... | 2011 | 21464453 |
| gene ontology function prediction in mollicutes using protein-protein association networks. | abstract: | 2011 | 21486441 |
| effect of gatifloxacin against mycoplasma genitalium-related urethritis: an open clinical trial. | objectives mycoplasma genitalium and chlamydia trachomatis are the primary pathogens detected from non-gonococcal urethritis (ngu). in this study, the efficacy of gatifloxacin was examined against m genitalium-related urethritis. methods the study was an open clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of gatifloxacin with 200 mg doses twice a day for 7 days against male ngu. results between march and september 2008, 169 male patients were enrolled, and microbiological and clinical ... | 2011 | 21531704 |
| a review of the epidemiology, diagnosis and evidence-based management of mycoplasma genitalium. | mycoplasma genitalium is attracting increasing recognition as an important sexually transmitted pathogen. presented is a review of the epidemiology, detection, presentation and management of m. genitalium infection. accumulating evidence suggests that m. genitalium is an important cause of non-gonococcal, non-chlamydial urethritis and cervicitis, and is linked with pelvic inflammatory disease and, possibly, obstetric complications. although there is no standard detection assay, several nucleic a ... | 2011 | 21592428 |
| regulation of transcription by dna supercoiling in mycoplasma genitalium: global control in the smallest known self-replicating genome. | the mollicute mycoplasma genitalium causes sexually transmitted disease in humans. it has recently come to widespread public attention through its involvement in pioneering synthetic biology experiments (gibson et al., 2008). the 580-kilo-base-pair genome of m. genitalium contains just 470 genes, few of which seem to encode conventional transcription regulators. this raises the important question of how does this simple organism control its gene expression? the finding that the transcription of ... | 2011 | 21631605 |
| mycoplasma genitalium: an emerging cause of sexually transmitted disease in women. | mycoplasma genitalium is an emerging sexually transmitted pathogen implicated in urethritis in men and several inflammatory reproductive tract syndromes in women including cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (pid), and infertility. this comprehensive review critically examines epidemiologic studies of m. genitalium infections in women with the goal of assessing the associations with reproductive tract disease and enhancing awareness of this emerging pathogen. over 27,000 women from 48 publis ... | 2011 | 21637847 |
| identification of amino acid residues critical for catalysis of holliday junction resolution by mycoplasma genitalium recu. | the recu protein from mycoplasma genitalium, recu(mge), is a 19.4-kda holliday junction (hj) resolvase that binds in a nonspecific fashion to hj substrates and, in the presence of mn(2+), cleaves these substrates at a specific sequence (5'-(g)/(t)c↓(c)/(t)t(a)/(g)g-3'). to identify amino acid residues that are crucial for hj-binding and/or -cleavage, we have generated a series of 16 deletion mutants (nine n- and seven c-terminal deletion mutants) and 31 point mutants of recu(mge). the point muta ... | 2011 | 21642467 |
| selection of mycoplasma genitalium strains harbouring macrolide resistance-associated 23s rrna mutations by treatment with a single 1 g dose of azithromycin. | a single 1 g dose regimen of azithromycin has been recommended for the treatment of mycoplasma genitalium infections. the authors evaluated whether this regimen could select m genitalium strains with macrolide resistance after treatment for m genitalium-positive non-gonococcal urethritis. | 2011 | 21653933 |
| detection of mycoplasma genitalium-reactive cervicovaginal antibodies among infected women. | mycoplasma genitalium-reactive cervicovaginal iga and igg antibodies were detected in 51.9% and 70.4% of 27 infected women and 22.2% and 18.5% of 27 uninfected controls. the predominance of mgpb- and mgpc-reactive antibodies at the site of infection is consistent with their hypothesized role in selecting antigenic variants during persistent infection. | 2011 | 21813666 |
| chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma genitalium plasma antibodies in relation to epithelial ovarian tumors. | objective. to assess associations of chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma genitalium antibodies with epithelial ovarian tumors. methods. plasma samples from 291 women, undergoing surgery due to suspected ovarian pathology, were analyzed with respect to c. trachomatis igg and iga, chlamydial heat shock protein 60-1 (chsp60-1) igg and m. genitalium igg antibodies. women with borderline tumors (n = 12), ovarian carcinoma (n = 45), or other pelvic malignancies (n = 11) were matched to four healthy c ... | 2011 | 21811380 |
| evaluation of a new multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay stdfinder for the simultaneous detection of 7 sexually transmitted disease pathogens. | we evaluated a new multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mpcr), "stdfinder assay", a novel multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (mlpa) assay for the simultaneous detection of 7 clinically relevant pathogens of stds, i.e., neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, trichomonas vaginalis, mycoplasma genitalium, treponema pallidum, and herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2). an internal amplification control was included in the mpcr reaction. the limits of detection for t ... | 2011 | 21798683 |
| insights into mycoplasma pneumoniae protein p30 function from orthologous gene replacement. | the attachment organelles of the bacterial species belonging to the mycoplasma pneumoniae phylogenetic cluster are required for host cytadherence, gliding motility, and virulence. despite being closely related, these species possess distinct cellular morphologies and gliding characteristics. the molecular bases for most attachment organelle phenotypes, including shape and ability to power motility, are obscure. the attachment organelle-associated p30 protein of m. pneumoniae is implicated in bot ... | 2011 | 21778204 |
| macrolide resistance-associated 23s rrna mutation in mycoplasma genitalium, japan. | to the editor: mycoplasma genitalium is now recognized as a serious pathogen in sexually transmitted infections (1,2). azithromycin regimens have been commonly used for treatment of m. genitalium infections (3). however, failure of azithromycin treatment has been reported in cases of m. genitalium-positive nongonococcal urethritis (ngu) (4,5), and macrolide-resistant strains of m. genitalium have been isolated from case-patients in australia, sweden, and norway for whom azithromycin treatment ha ... | 2011 | 21749801 |
| colonization of pediatric lower respiratory tract with genital mycoplasma species. | summary at a glance: assessment of 319 pediatric patients with chronic respiratory disease revealed a high prevalence of urogenital mycoplasma species in their bal fluid. therefore, the presence of urogenital mycoplasma species should not be underestimated, but evaluated in patients with chronic respiratory diseases, especially in those whose symptoms have not improved with standard therapy. abstract: background and objective:ôçâ recently, much attention has been given to the possible role playe ... | 2011 | 21722263 |
| towards a genome based taxonomy of mycoplasmas. | mycoplasmas are gram-positive wall-less bacteria with a wide environmental and host distribution, causing disease in man and in (wild and farmed) animals. the aim of this study was to analyze the usefulness of a genomic taxonomic approach in mycoplasma systematics. multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa), average amino acid identity (aai), and karlin genomic signature allowed a clear identification of species. for instance, mycoplasma pneumoniae and mycoplasma genitalium had only 71% mlsa similarity ... | 2011 | 21840423 |
| transcriptional regulation of mg_149, an osmoinducible lipoprotein gene from mycoplasma genitalium. | transcriptional regulation remains poorly understood in mycoplasma genitalium, the smallest self-replicating cell and the causative agent of a spectrum of urogenital diseases. previously, we reported that mg_149, a lipoprotein-encoding gene, was highly induced under physiological hyperosmolarity conditions. in this study we further analysed mg_149 transcription with a focus on the identification of promoter elements and regulatory mechanisms. we established mg_149 as a genuine osmoinducible gene ... | 2011 | 21692875 |
| in vitro activity of azithromycin against mycoplasma genitalium and its efficacy in the treatment of male mycoplasma genitalium-positive nongonococcal urethritis. | many recent studies have shown that mycoplasma genitalium is among the pathogens responsible for chlamydia trachomatis-negative nongonococcal urethritis (ngu). a single 1-g dose of azithromycin (azm) has been recommended for the treatment of ngu, including m. genitalium-positive ngu, irrespective of whether it is positive or negative for chlamydia trachomatis. the purpose of this study was to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations of azm against mycoplasma genitalium strains, and to ass ... | 2011 | 21710162 |
| expression and characterization of a mycoplasma genitalium glycosyltransferase in membrane glycolipid biosynthesis. potential target against mycoplasma infections. | mycoplasmas contain glycoglycerolipids in their plasma membrane as key structural components involved in bilayer properties and stability. a membrane-associated glycosyltransferase, gt mg517, has been identified in mycoplasma genitalium, which sequentially produces monoglycosyl- and diglycosyldiacylglycerols (mgdag and dgdag). when recombinantly expressed in e. coli, the enzyme was functional in vivo and yielded membrane glycolipids from which glc+¦1,6glc+¦dag was identified as the main product. ... | 2011 | 21835921 |
| mycoplasma genitalium: from chrysalis to multicolored butterfly. | the history, replication, genetics, characteristics (both biological and physical), and factors involved in the pathogenesis of mycoplasma genitalium are presented. the latter factors include adhesion, the influence of hormones, motility, possible toxin production, and immunological responses. the preferred site of colonization, together with current detection procedures, mainly by pcr technology, is discussed. the relationships between m. genitalium and various diseases are highlighted. these d ... | 2011 | 21734246 |
| Mycoplasma genitalium: A comparative genomics study of metabolic pathways for the identification of drug and vaccine targets. | Increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microorganisms is one of the biggest challenges for biomedical research and drug development. Traditional drug discovery methods are time-consuming, expensive and often yield few drug targets. In contrast, advances in complete genome sequencing, bioinformatics and cheminformatics represent an attractive alternative approach to identify drug targets worthy of experimental follow-up. Mycoplasma genitalium is a human parasitic pathogen that is ... | 2012 | 22057004 |
| The prevalence and clinical significance of urethritis and cervicitis in asymptomatic people by use of multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | Our purpose was to conduct a screening test for urethritis or cervicitis as a sexually transmitted disease (STD) by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, and Trichomonas vaginalis in asymptomatic people. | 2011 | 22087366 |
| prevalence of genital mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas in men younger than 40 years-of-age with acute epididymitis. | objectives: acute epididymitis is often associated with urethritis. mycoplasma genitalium and ureaplasma urealyticum have been considered as pathogens of urethritis. the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of these microorganisms in men with acute epididymitis. method: a total of 56 men younger than 40 years-of-age with acute epididymitis were enrolled in the present study between january 2006 and june 2010. first-void urine specimens were subjected to culture of aerobic b ... | 2011 | 22142497 |
| method comparison for molecular typing of french and tunisian mycoplasma genitalium positive specimens. | in this study, 76 french and tunisian urogenital specimens were molecularly typed by using the two main mycoplasma genitalium molecular typing methods, the mgpb single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) typing method and the combination analysis of a variable-number tandem-repeat (vntr) marker in mg309 and mgpb snp. furthermore, we tried to develop a multiple-locus vntr analysis (mlva) method. the genome of m. genitalium g37 was analyzed for vntrs and four vntrs were used for an mlva. the method appl ... | 2011 | 22160316 |
| low prevalence of mycoplasma genitalium in patients examined for chlamydia trachomatis. | there is increasing interest in mycoplasma genitalium as a sexually transmissible pathogen. the clinical picture resembles that of chlamydia trachomatis infection, but the natural course has not yet been well defined. there are no guidelines regarding who should be examined for m. genitalium. most of the prevalence studies have been carried out in patients attending clinics for sexually transmissible diseases. we have examined the prevalence in samples sent from general practice requesting analy ... | 2011 | 22085947 |
| Antimicrobial resistance in sexually transmitted infections in the developed world: implications for rational treatment. | Public health control of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is dependent on the delivery of effective therapy and so will be compromised by the emergence of resistance. The scope of the problem and the implications for treatment that follow are discussed in this review. | 2012 | 22143116 |
| Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum Infections and Seminal Quality in Infertile and Fertile Men in Kuwait. | Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas in semen samples of infertile compared with fertile men, and to evaluate the seminological variables of semen from infected and non-infected men. Materials and Methods: A total of 127 infertile and 188 fertile men seen in Maternity hospital clinic were recruited into the study over a period of 14 months. Specimens were obtained by masturbation and examined for the presence of Ur ... | 2011 | 22052774 |
| The association between Mycoplasma genitalium and HIV-1 acquisition among women in Zimbabwe and Uganda. | OBJECTIVE:: Mycoplasma genitalium is an emerging sexually transmitted infection (STI) and has been associated with reproductive tract infections, and with HIV in cross-sectional studies. In this longitudinal study, we assess whether M. genitalium is associated with risk of acquiring HIV-1 infection. DESIGN:: Nested case-control study within a large prospective study in Zimbabwe and Uganda METHODS:: A total of 190 women who seroconverted to HIV-1 during follow-up ("cases") were matched with up to ... | 2011 | 22210630 |
| sexually transmitted infections and risk behaviors among african american women who have sex with women: does sex with men make a difference? | we sought to determine the prevalence of infection with chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, trichomonas vaginalis, mycoplasma genitalium, syphilis, and hiv among african american women who have sex with women (aawsw), and compare sociodemographics, sexual risk behavior characteristics, and sti diagnoses among women reporting sex exclusively with women (exclusive aawsw) to women reporting sex with both women and men (aawswm) during the past 12 months. | 2011 | 22082722 |
| Mycoplasma genitalium: should we treat and how? | Mycoplasma genitalium is associated with acute and chronic urethritis in men. Existing data on infection in women are limited and inconsistent but suggest that M. genitalium is associated with urethritis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and possibly female infertility. Data are inconclusive regarding the role of M. genitalium in adverse pregnancy outcomes and ectopic pregnancy. Available data suggest that azithromycin is superior to doxycycline in treating M. genitalium infection. Howev ... | 2011 | 22080266 |
| antimicrobial efficacies of several antibiotics against uterine cervicitis caused by mycoplasma genitalium. | mycoplasma genitalium has been shown to be one of the pathogens responsible for uterine cervicitis by many studies. however, there are no clinical recommendations for treating m. genitalium-positive uterine cervicitis. our study retrospectively investigated the antimicrobial efficacies of several antibiotics against uterine cervicitis caused by m. genitalium. we studied a total of 257 women with m. genitalium-positive uterine cervicitis, except for those with chlamydial and gonococcal infections ... | 2011 | 22020630 |
| detection of the sexually transmissible genital mycoplasmas by polymerase chain reaction in women. | the role of ureaplasma urealyticum, mycoplasma hominis and mycoplasma genitalium in the development of clinical disorders is still unclear. the aim of this study was to determine their prevalence in symptomatic and asymptomatic women. | 2011 | 21851791 |
| Prevalence and Correlates of Mycoplasma genitalium Infection Among Female Sex Workers in Kampala, Uganda. | Background. The importance of Mycoplasma genitalium in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-burdened sub-Saharan Africa is relatively unknown. We assessed the prevalence and explored determinants of this emerging sexually transmitted infection (STI) in high-risk women in Uganda. Methods. Endocervical swabs from 1025 female sex workers in Kampala were tested for Mycoplasma genitalium using a commercial Real-TM polymerase chain reaction assay. Factors associated with prevalent Mycoplasma genitalium, ... | 2012 | 22102734 |
| Variability of Trinucleotide Tandem Repeats in the MgPa Operon and Its Repetitive Chromosomal Elements in Mycoplasma genitalium. | Mycoplasma genitalium, a human pathogen associated with sexually transmitted diseases, is unique in that it has the smallest genome of any known free-living organism. Despite its small genome, 4.7% of the total genomic sequence is devoted to making the MgPa adhesin operon (encoding MG190, MG191 and MG192 genes) and its repetitive chromosomal sequences (known as MgPars). The goals of this study were to investigate the location, organization and variability of trinucleotides tandem repeats (TTRs) ... | 2011 | 21997874 |
| Functional characterization of the RuvB homologs from Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma genitalium. | Homologous recombination between repeated DNA elements in the genomes of Mycoplasma species has been hypothesized to be a crucial causal factor in sequence variation of antigenic proteins at the bacterial surface. To investigate this notion, studies were initiated to identify and characterize the proteins that form part of the homologous DNA recombination machinery in Mycoplasma pneumoniae as well as Mycoplasma genitalium. Among the most likely participants of this machinery are homologs of the ... | 2011 | 21949077 |
| Liquid-based urine cytology as a tool for detection of human papillomavirus, Mycoplasma, and Ureaplasma in men. | Background: Liquid-based urine cytology (LB-URC) was evaluated for cytological diagnosis and detection of human papillomavirus (HPV), Mycoplasma, and Ureaplasma.Methods: Midstream urine samples were collected from 141 male patients with urethritis and 154 controls without urethritis, and sediment cells were preserved in liquid-based cytology solution. Urethral swabs from urethritis patients were tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Papanicolaou tests were performed for cyt ... | 2011 | 22135257 |
| development of a rotor-gene real-time pcr assay for the detection and quantification of mycoplasma genitalium. | we developed and validated a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assay to determine mycoplasma genitalium bacterial load in endocervical swabs, based on amplification of the pdhd gene which encodes dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, using the rotor-gene platform. we first determined the qpcr assay sensitivity, limit of detection, reproducibility and specificity, and then determined the ability of the qpcr assay to quantify m. genitalium in stored endocervical specimens collected ... | 2011 | 22230235 |
| treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. | pelvic inflammatory disease (pid), one of the most common infections in nonpregnant women of reproductive age, remains an important public health problem. it is associated with major long-term sequelae, including tubal factor infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. in addition, treatment of acute pid and its complications incurs substantial health care costs. prevention of these long-term sequelae is dependent upon development of treatment strategies based on knowledge of the mi ... | 2011 | 22228985 |
| the evolution of mycoplasma genitalium. | mycoplasma genitalium is the smallest microorganism capable of self-replication. with its small genome, m. genitalium is the best representative of a minimal cell. the comparison of genome evolution among the three urogenital mycoplasmas, m. genitalium, m. hominis, and ureaplasma parvum, not only indicated that they share a core genome of ~250 protein-encoding genes that correspond to their basic cell metabolism, but also showed a striking difference in their energy-generating pathways. m. genit ... | 2011 | 22417108 |
| homology modeling, comparative genomics and functional annotation of mycoplasma genitalium hypothetical protein mg_237. | mycoplasma genitalium is a human pathogen associated with several sexually transmitted diseases. the complete genome of m. genitalium g37 has been sequenced and provides an opportunity to understand the pathogenesis and identification of therapeutic targets. however, complete understanding of bacterial function requires proper annotation of its proteins. the genome of m. genitalium consists of 475 proteins. among these, 94 are without any known function and are described as 'hypothetical protein ... | 2011 | 22355225 |
| prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma genitalium in pregnant women of sabzevar-iran. | as prenatal screening for sexually transmitted infections and treatment of infected pregnant women is not routinely performed in iran and prevalence of two sexually transmitted pathogens, chlamydia trachomatis and mycoplasma genitalium, in sabzevar (east of iran) is unknown, we decided to perform this prospective study. | 2011 | 22347594 |
| mycoplasma genitalium: an emerging cause of pelvic inflammatory disease. | mycoplasma genitalium is a sexually transmitted pathogen that is increasingly identified among women with pelvic inflammatory disease (pid). although chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae frequently cause pid, up to 70% of cases have an unidentified etiology. this paper summarizes evidence linking m. genitalium to pid and its long-term reproductive sequelae. several pcr studies have demonstrated that m. genitalium is associated with pid, independent of gonococcal and chlamydial infecti ... | 2011 | 22235165 |
| peptide-based polyclonal antibody production against p110 protein of mycoplasma genitalium. | mycoplasma genitalium (m.genitalium) is a sexually transmitted pathogen. detection of this microorganism in clinical specimens by culture is rather difficult and time consuming. the aim of this study was to produce polyclonal antibody against a synthetic peptide from p110 protein of m.genitalium in order to develop a diagnostic tool for detection of this microorganism in clinical specimens. a synthetic peptide from p110 protein was conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh) and used for immun ... | 2011 | 23408484 |
| [efficacy and safety of levofloxacin to non-gonorrheal urethritis]. | we investigated the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin (lvfx) 500mg once a day in patients with non-gonorrheal urethritis. men, aged 20 years or older, with urethritis symptoms, and detection of chlamydia trachomatis (c. trachomatis) or mycoplasma genitalium (m. genitalium) by a microbiological examination were eligible for this study. patients were administered lvfx 500mg, orally, once a day and the dosage period was seven days. we assumed 22 patients for a safety and efficacy analysis. in 22 ... | 2012 | 23593735 |
| mycoplasma genitalium: an emerging sexually transmitted pathogen. | mycoplasma genitalium is a member of genital mycoplasmas, which is emerging as an important causative agent of sexually transmitted infections both in males and females. the advent of polymerase chain reaction and other molecular methods have made studies on m. genitalium more feasible, which is otherwise a difficult organism to isolate. besides chlamydia trachomatis, m. genitalium is now an important and established cause of non gonococcal urethritis (ngu) in men, more so in persistent and recu ... | 2012 | 23391789 |
| decoding in candidatus riesia pediculicola, close to a minimal trna modification set? | a comparative genomic analysis of the recently sequenced human body louse unicellular endosymbiont candidatus riesia pediculicola with a reduced genome (582 kb), revealed that it is the only known organism that might have lost all post-transcriptional base and ribose modifications of the trna body, retaining only modifications of the anticodon-stem-loop essential for mrna decoding. such a minimal trna modification set was not observed in other insect symbionts or in parasitic unicellular bacteri ... | 2012 | 23308034 |
| reca mediates mgpb and mgpc phase and antigenic variation in mycoplasma genitalium, but plays a minor role in dna repair. | mycoplasma genitalium, a sexually transmitted human pathogen, encodes mgpb and mgpc adhesins that undergo phase and antigenic variation through recombination with archived 'mgpar' donor sequences. the mechanism and molecular factors required for this genetic variation are poorly understood. in this study, we estimate that sequence variation at the mgpb/c locus occurs in vitro at a frequency of > 1.25 × 10(-4) events per genome per generation using a quantitative anchored pcr assay. this rate was ... | 2012 | 22686427 |
| mg428 is a novel positive regulator of recombination that triggers mgpb and mgpc gene variation in mycoplasma genitalium. | the human pathogen mycoplasma genitalium employs homologous recombination to generate antigenic diversity in the immunodominant mgpb and mgpc proteins. only recently, some of the molecular factors involved in this process have been characterized, but nothing is known about its regulation. here, we show that m. genitalium expresses n-terminally truncated reca isoforms via alternative translation initiation, but only the full-length protein is essential for gene variation. we also demonstrate that ... | 2014 | 25138908 |
| characterization of the operon encoding the holliday junction helicase ruvab from mycoplasma genitalium and its role in mgpb and mgpc gene variation. | mycoplasma genitalium is an emerging sexually transmitted pathogen associated with reproductive tract disease in men and women, and it can persist for months to years despite the development of a robust antibody response. mechanisms that may contribute to persistence in vivo include phase and antigenic variation of the mgpb and mgpc adhesins. these processes occur by segmental recombination between discrete variable regions within mgpb and mgpc and multiple archived donor sequences termed mgpa r ... | 2014 | 24532771 |
| the prevalence of vaginal microorganisms in pregnant women with preterm labor and preterm birth. | to investigate the risk factors for vaginal infections and antimicrobial susceptibilities of vaginal microorganisms among women who experienced preterm birth (ptb), we compared the prevalence of vaginal microorganisms between women who experienced preterm labor (ptl) without preterm delivery and spontaneous ptb. | 2012 | 22563554 |
| incentivising safe sex: a randomised trial of conditional cash transfers for hiv and sexually transmitted infection prevention in rural tanzania. | the authors evaluated the use of conditional cash transfers as an hiv and sexually transmitted infection prevention strategy to incentivise safe sex. | 2012 | 22318666 |
| simultaneous detection of seven sexually transmitted agents in human immunodeficiency virus-infected brazilian women by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | we determined the prevalence of seven clinically important pathogens that cause sexually transmitted infections (stis) (chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma genitalium, trichomonas vaginalis, herpes simplex virus 1 [hsv-1], hsv-2, and treponema pallidum), by using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-pcr) in samples from brazilian woman infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) and uninfected brazilian women (controls). the m-pcr assay identified all stis teste ... | 2013 | 24080632 |
| fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance-associated mutations in mycoplasma genitalium. | mycoplasma genitalium is a significant sexually transmitted pathogen, causing up to 25% of cases of nongonococcal urethritis in men, and it is strongly associated with cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in women. currently, the usual first-line treatment is the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin, but an increasing incidence of treatment failure over the last 5 years suggests the emergence of antibiotic resistance. the mutations responsible for macrolide resistance have been found in the 2 ... | 2013 | 23658265 |
| natural history of mycoplasma genitalium infection in a cohort of female sex workers in kampala, uganda. | there have been few studies of the natural history of mycoplasma genitalium in women. we investigated patterns of clearance and recurrence of untreated m. genitalium infection in a cohort of female sex workers in uganda. | 2013 | 23588134 |
| sensitive simultaneous detection of seven sexually transmitted agents in semen by multiplex-pcr and of hpv by single pcr. | sexually transmitted diseases (stds) may impair sperm parameters and functions thereby promoting male infertility. to date limited molecular studies were conducted to evaluate the frequency and type of such infections in semen thus, we aimed at conceiving and validating a multiplex pcr (m-pcr) assay for the simultaneous detection of the following std pathogens in semen: chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, mycoplasma genitalium, trichomonas vaginalis, herpes virus simplex (hsv) -1 and - ... | 2014 | 24921247 |
| association between mycoplasma genitalium infection and hiv acquisition among female sex workers in uganda: evidence from a nested case-control study. | cross-sectional studies have shown a strong association between mycoplasma genitalium and hiv infections. we previously reported that in a cohort of female sex workers in uganda, m genitalium infection at baseline was associated with hiv seroconversion. here we examine the temporal association between the m genitalium infection status shortly before hiv seroconversion and hiv acquisition. | 2014 | 24687129 |
| performance and comparison of self-reported sti symptoms among high-risk populations - msm, sex workers, persons living with hiv/aids - in el salvador. | resource-limited countries have limited laboratory capability and rely on syndromic management to diagnose sexually transmitted infections (stis). we aimed to estimate the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (ppv) of sti syndromic management when used as a screening method within a study setting. men who have sex with men (msm), female sex workers (fsws) and people living with hiv/aids (plwha) participated in a behavioural surveillance study. data were obtained on demographics ... | 2014 | 24616119 |