| suspected utility of enzymes with multiple activities in the small genome mycoplasma species: the replacement of the missing "household" nucleoside diphosphate kinase gene and activity by glycolytic kinases. | the small genome mollicutes whose dnas are completely sequenced (mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma pneumoniae, mycoplasma pulmonis, and ureaplasma urealyticum [parvum]) lack a gene (ndk) for the presumably essential nucleoside diphosphate kinase (ndpk). we hypothesized that other activities might replace ndpk activity. we found in m. genitalium g37(t), mycoplasma pneumoniae fh(t), mycoplasma fermentans pg18(t), and mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum kid(t) that their 6-phosphofructokinases ... | 2002 | 12427276 |
| detection of mycoplasma genitalium by pcr amplification of the 16s rrna gene. | in order to develop a species-specific pcr for the detection of mycoplasma genitalium, the sequence of 1,490 bases of the 16s rrna gene was determined for m. genitalium g37 (type strain) and four danish isolates of m. genitalium. the sequences of the four danish strains, mutually different with respect to their mgpa gene, were 100% homologous, although they carried a single common base substitution compared to the type strain. among members of the mycoplasma pneumoniae phylogenetic cluster, m. g ... | 2003 | 12517858 |
| [chlamydia-like symptoms can have another etiology. mycoplasma genitalium--an important and common sexually transmitted disease]. | the aetiological importance of chlamydia (c.) trachomatis in non-gonococcal urethritis (ngu) is undisputed. mycoplasma (m.) genitalium has been shown to be strongly associated with ngu and with mucopurulent cervicitis and also with acute endometritis independent of c. trachomatis. in this prevalence study we examined 946 patients, 445 women and 501 men, attending the std clinic, for m. genitalium as well as c. trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae. m. genitalium was detected in urethral samples ... | 2002 | 12523071 |
| a novel polymerase chain reaction assay to detect mycoplasma genitalium. | to design and validate a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay targeting the 16s rrna gene of mycoplasma genitalium. | 2003 | 12560459 |
| antibodies to chlamydia trachomatis heat-shock protein 60 kda and detection of mycoplasma genitalium and ureaplasma urealyticum are associated independently with chronic nongonococcal urethritis. | chronic nongonococcal urethritis (ngu) is a well-recognized clinical problem in genitourinary medicine clinics, but its etiology and optimal management are poorly understood. | 2003 | 12567170 |
| genetic countdown: biologists take a crucial step toward synthesizing life. | | 2000 | 12569932 |
| [association between mycoplasma genitalium and preterm labor]. | m. genitalium was identified by using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the samples were obtained from the posterior vaginal fornix between 21-25 gestation weeks and investigated for ph, gram stain for bacterial vaginosis; chlamidia trachomartis; neisseria gonorrhoeae; trichomonas vaginalis. of 102 pregnant women, only five had a pcr-positive for m. genitalium. the occurrence of m. genitalium in posterior vaginal fornix at midtrimester is infrequent in pregnant women and unlikely to be a contribu ... | 2002 | 12577501 |
| mucopurulent cervicitis and mycoplasma genitalium. | many cases of mucopurulent cervicitis (mpc) are idiopathic and cannot be attributed to the known cervical pathogens neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, or herpes simplex virus. because mycoplasma genitalium is associated with nongonoccocal urethritis in men, its role in mpc, the corresponding syndrome in women, was investigated. archived cervical specimens from women recruited in the harborview sexually transmitted disease clinic in seattle from 1984 to 1986 were tested, using polymera ... | 2003 | 12599082 |
| effects of gc content and mutational pressure on the lengths of exons and coding sequences. | it has been hypothesized that the length of an exon tends to increase with the gc content because stop codons are at-rich and should occur less frequently in gc-rich exons. this prediction assumes that mutation pressure plays a significant role in the occurrence and distribution of stop codons. however, the prediction is applicable not to all exons, but only to the last coding exon of a gene and to single-exon cds sequences. we classified exons in multiexon genes in eight eukaryotic species into ... | 2003 | 12612839 |
| target selection for structural genomics: a single genome approach. | we describe our strategy for selecting targets for protein structure determination in context of structural genomics of a single genome. in the course of target selection, we have studied two of the smallest microbial genomes, mycoplasma genitalium and mycoplasma pneumoniae. to our surprise, we found that only 71 mycoplasma genes or their orthologues can be considered as easy targets for high-throughput structural studies--far fewer than expected. we discuss the methods and criteria used for tar ... | 2002 | 12626094 |
| associations between mycoplasma genitalium, chlamydia trachomatis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. | to evaluate the association between mycoplasma genitalium, chlamydia trachomatis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) methods: a case-control methodology was used. swab eluates were processed using the qiaamp dna mini kit. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for m. genitalium was carried out using a real time in-house 16s based assay. an endocervical swab was taken and tested for the presence of c. trachomatis (ligase chain reaction, abbott laboratories), and a high vaginal swab was taken and test ... | 2003 | 12690141 |
| rapid detection of mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma parvum, and ureaplasma urealyticum organisms in genitourinary samples by pcr-microtiter plate hybridization assay. | we present a method for detecting the presence of mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma parvum, and ureaplasma urealyticum organisms, which are thought to be associated with nongonococcal urethritis (ngu) and other genitourinary infections, in clinical samples. this method consists of pcr amplification of a part of the 16s rrna gene followed by 96-well microtiter plate hybridization assay using four species-specific capture probes to detect the targets. to test the efficacy of th ... | 2003 | 12734216 |
| microbial population diversity in the urethras of healthy males and males suffering from nonchlamydial, nongonococcal urethritis. | nonchlamydial, nongonococcal urethritis (ncngu) is suggested to be a sexually transmitted disease in men. ncngu patients were compared to control subjects with regard to the presence of potentially infectious bacteria in the first void urine. patients' pre- and post-antibiotic-treatment urine samples and two samples obtained 2 weeks apart from healthy volunteers, who did not receive antibiotic therapy, were analyzed with broad-spectrum pcr tests aiming at eubacterial small subunit rrna genes. re ... | 2003 | 12734237 |
| detection of several mycoplasma species at various anatomical sites of homosexual men. | in order to determine the colonisation patterns of several mycoplasma species in homosexual men, urethral, oral and rectal specimens from 10 homosexual men with acute non-gonococcal urethritis (ngu) and 18 without ngu were examined using sensitive methods. mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma urealyticum existed in both groups, which is in keeping with previous studies of heterosexual men. mycoplasma genitalium was detected in the rectum of both ngu-positive and ngu-negative men and in the urethra ... | 2003 | 12734722 |
| surface localized glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of mycoplasma genitalium binds mucin. | mycoplasma genitalium is the smallest known self-replicating cell. it was first isolated from urethral specimens in individuals with non-gonococcal urethritis and, more recently, from respiratory and synovial sites. our laboratory has been interested in defining the mechanisms by which m. genitalium adheres to and colonizes host cell surfaces. in order to determine potential targets of adherence, we examined the interaction of m. genitalium with a primary component of the mucosal epithelial lini ... | 2003 | 12787366 |
| structures of immunophilins and their ligand complexes. | this review includes an analysis of available x-ray and nmr structures of both members of the immunophilin family; cyclophilins and the fk-506 binding proteins (fkbps). available structures are compared and contrasted to highlight different structural features seen both within and between species. each immunophilin family has been structurally characterised with a variety of small molecule ligands, principally immunosuppressive drugs and their analogues and an overview of these complexes is also ... | 2003 | 12871171 |
| associations between mycoplasma genitalium, chlamydia trachomatis and pelvic inflammatory disease. | to evaluate the association between mycoplasma genitalium, chlamydia trachomatis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) methods: a case-control methodology was used. swab eluates were processed using the qiaamp dna mini kit. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for m genitalium was carried out using a real time in-house 16s based assay. an endocervical swab was taken and tested for the presence of c trachomatis (ligase chain reaction, abbott laboratories), and a high vaginal swab was taken and tested ... | 2003 | 12890814 |
| tetracycline treatment does not eradicate mycoplasma genitalium. | to study the treatment efficacy of tetracyclines and azithromycin in mycoplasma genitalium positive patients attending an std clinic. | 2003 | 12902584 |
| detection and quantification of mycoplasma genitalium in male patients with urethritis. | detection and quantification of mycoplasma genitalium were evaluated in 83 patients with urethritis (group 1), 60 patients with urethral symptoms but no urethritis (group 2), and 50 asymptomatic men (group 3). quantification of m. genitalium was carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis of first-pass urine samples. the rate of detection of m. genitalium was significantly higher in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3 (p<.0001). the mean observed concentration of m. genitaliu ... | 2003 | 12905147 |
| new local potential useful for genome annotation and 3d modeling. | a new potential energy function representing the conformational preferences of sequentially local regions of a protein backbone is presented. this potential is derived from secondary structure probabilities such as those produced by neural network-based prediction methods. the potential is applied to the problem of remote homolog identification, in combination with a distance-dependent inter-residue potential and position-based scoring matrices. this fold recognition jury is implemented in a jav ... | 2003 | 12972255 |
| mycoplasma genitalium attaches to human spermatozoa. | mycoplasma genitalium causes urogenital diseases in men and women and is presumed to be sexually transmitted. we wanted to investigate whether spermatozoa could serve as vectors for m.genitalium in order to cause upper genital diseases in women. | 2003 | 14507829 |
| development and performance of a microwell-plate-based polymerase chain reaction assay for mycoplasma genitalium. | mycoplasma genitalium is associated with, and could be the cause of, idiopathic cases of urethritis, endometritis, and cervicitis. further epidemiologic studies on this organism are needed, but currently used polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays are labor-intensive and culture is insensitive. | 2003 | 14520174 |
| [the national serum institute's double role as expert adviser and test producer--the history of mycoplasma genitalium]. | | 2003 | 14531148 |
| the minimal genome paradox. | the concept of a 'minimal genome' has appeared as an attempt to answer the question what the minimum number of genes or minimum amount of dna to support life is. since bacteria are cells bearing the smallest genomes, it has been generally accepted that the minimal genome must belong to a bacterial species. currently the most popular chromosome in studies on a minimal genome belongs to mycoplasma genitalium, a parasite bacterium whose total genetic material is as small as approximately 580 kb. ho ... | 2001 | 14564045 |
| random priming pcr strategy to amplify and clone trace amounts of dna. | here we report a new methodology to study trace amounts of dna of unknown sequence using a two-step pcr strategy to amplify and clone target dna. the first pcr is carried out with a partial random primer comprised of a specific 21-nucleotide 5' sequence, a random heptamer, and a 3' tggc clamp. the second pcr is carried out with a single 19-nucleotide primer that matches the specific 5' sequence of the partial random primer. using human and mycoplasma genitalium dna as examples, we demonstrated t ... | 2003 | 14579741 |
| the presence of bacteria in the synovial fluid of the temporomandibular joint and clinical significance: preliminary study. | the objective of this study was to find any relation between the presence of specific bacterial species in the synovial fluid of the temporomandibular joint (tmj) and clinical parameters. | 2003 | 14586850 |
| the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae contains a novel lipoyl domain arrangement. | the genes encoding the pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdh) complex (pdha, pdhb, pdhc and pdhd) from mycoplasma hyopneumoniae have been cloned and sequenced. the genes are arranged into two operons, designated pdhab and pdhcd, which are not found together in the chromosome. the pdha, pdhb, pdhc and pdhd genes encode proteins of predicted molecular masses of 44.2 kda (pyruvate dehydrogenase major subunit; e1alpha), 36.6 kda (pyruvate dehydrogenase minor subunit; e1beta), 33.1 kda (dihydrolipoyl acetyltra ... | 2003 | 14597175 |
| estimating the accuracy of polymerase chain reaction-based tests using endpoint dilution. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based tests for various microorganisms or target dna sequences are generally acknowledged to be highly "sensitive," yet the concept of sensitivity is ill-defined in the literature on these tests. we propose that sensitivity should be expressed as a function of the number of target dna molecules in the sample (or specificity, when the target number is 0). however, estimating this "sensitivity curve" is problematic, since it is difficult to construct samples with a ... | 2003 | 14601751 |
| gene essentiality determines chromosome organisation in bacteria. | in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis, essentiality, not expressivity, drives the distribution of genes between the two replicating strands. although essential genes tend to be coded in the leading replicating strand, the underlying selective constraints and the evolutionary extent of these findings have still not been subject to comparative studies. here, we extend our previous analysis to the genomes of low g + c firmicutes and gamma-proteobacteria, and in a second step to all sequenced ba ... | 2003 | 14602916 |
| [mycoplasma genitalium--a reply]. | | 2003 | 14619068 |
| [genital mycoplasmas]. | the mycoplasmas frequently isolated in genital tract, and potentially pathogenic, are m. hominis, u. urealyticum and m. genitalium. m. hominis and u. urealyticum are very frequent in the vaginal tract and they can be, according to circumstances, either commensal or pathogenic. m. hominis and/or u. urealyticum, have been considered as responsible for many types of genital infectious diseases (such as cervicitis, pelvis inflammatory disease), for infertility, obstetrical pathologies (premature del ... | 2003 | 14623561 |
| transcriptional starts for cytadherence-related operons of mycoplasma genitalium. | one mechanism of mycoplasma cytadherence possessed by several mycoplasmas, including mycoplasma genitalium, necessitates coordination of multiple adhesins and adherence-associated proteins. the genes encoding these adherence-related proteins are located in three different regions of the m. genitalium genome and exhibit an operon-like organization with surrounding genes. to understand whether genes encoding adherence-related proteins in m. genitalium are regulated as operons, we performed transcr ... | 2003 | 14659545 |
| mycoplasma genitalium: the aetiological agent of urethritis and other sexually transmitted diseases. | mycoplasma genitalium was first isolated in 1980 from two of 13 men with non-gonococcal urethritis (ngu). it shares several features with m. pneumoniae, a recognized respiratory tract pathogen. it is extremely difficult to isolate by culture. the development of sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays in the early 1990s made clinical studies possible and a significant number of publications have shown a strong association between m. genitalium and ngu, independent of chlamyd ... | 2004 | 14678525 |
| molligen, a database dedicated to the comparative genomics of mollicutes. | bacteria belonging to the class mollicutes were among the first ones to be selected for complete genome sequencing because of the minimal size of their genomes and their pathogenicity for humans and a broad range of animals and plants. at this time six genome sequences have been publicly released (mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma pneumoniae, ureaplasma urealyticum-parvum, mycoplasma pulmonis, mycoplasma penetrans and mycoplasma gallisepticum) and as the number of available mollicute genomes inc ... | 2004 | 14681420 |
| diagnostic assessment of mycoplasma genitalium in culture-positive women. | detection of mycoplasma genitalium-mediated, chlamydia-negative nongonococcal urethritis and other m. genitalium-linked infectious etiologies has been very challenging. although m. genitalium is considered a leading cause of genitourinary symptoms in men and women, extreme difficulties in its cultivation due to its highly fastidious nature and the lack of routine and effective diagnostic tests have slowed the generation of clinical data which directly implicate the presence of m. genitalium in d ... | 2004 | 14715754 |
| use of taqman 5' nuclease real-time pcr for quantitative detection of mycoplasma genitalium dna in males with and without urethritis who were attendees at a sexually transmitted disease clinic. | mycoplasma genitalium is a cause of nongonococcal urethritis, particularly in patients not infected with chlamydia trachomatis. a quantitative 5' nuclease assay (taqman pcr) was developed and validated. the assay detected a fragment of the mgpa adhesin gene by use of a taqman mgb (minor groove binder) probe and included an internal processing control to detect pcr inhibition. urethral swab specimens and first-void urine samples from m. genitalium-positive men were examined, and the m. genitalium ... | 2004 | 14766837 |
| determination of infectious load of mycoplasma genitalium in clinical samples of human vaginal cells. | mycoplasma genitalium is a leading cause of chlamydia-negative, nongonoccocal urethritis and has been directly implicated in numerous other genitourinary as well as extragenitourinary tract pathologies. detection of m. genitalium has relied almost entirely on pcr amplification of clinical specimens and evidence of seroconversion since these mycoplasmas are highly fastidious and culture isolation by microbiological techniques is very rare. we have established a combinatorial strategy using confoc ... | 2004 | 14766847 |
| mycoplasma genitalium in chronic non-gonococcal urethritis. | seventy-eight men with a history of chronic urethritis were referred for investigation. of 52 men diagnosed as having persistent or recurrent non-gonococcal urethritis (ngu) at the time of referral, 11 (21%) were infected with mycoplasma genitalium and three with chlamydia trachomatis. men who were m. genitalium-positive had not previously received less antibiotic, in terms of treatment duration, than those who were m. genitalium-negative, suggesting a possible resistance to the antibiotics give ... | 2004 | 14769166 |
| evolution. transitions from nonliving to living matter. | | 2004 | 14963315 |
| [progress in researches on the laboratory diagnosis of nongonococcal urethritis]. | nongonococcal urethritis(ngu) is one of the common sexually transmitted diseases. chlamydia trachomatis is the commonest pathogen of ngu. ureaplasma urealyticum, mycoplasma genitalium, trichomonas vaginalis and other pathogens also account for some cases of ngu. with the development of molecular biology and immunology, more and more new techniques, such as pcr, lcr, etc., have been used in the researches on the laboratory diagnosis of ngu. it is necessary to establish and standardize some reliab ... | 2004 | 14979196 |
| simultaneous detection and identification of common cell culture contaminant and pathogenic mollicutes strains by reverse line blot hybridization. | we have developed a reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization assay to detect and identify the commonest mollicutes causing cell line contamination (mycoplasma arginini, mycoplasma fermentans, mycoplasma hyorhinis, mycoplasma orale, and acholeplasma laidlawii) and human infection (mycoplasma pneumoniae, mycoplasma hominis, mycoplasma genitalium, ureaplasma parvum, and ureaplasma urealyticum). we developed a nested pcr assay with "universal" primers targeting the mollicute 16s-23s rrna intergenic spa ... | 2004 | 15006769 |
| dna methylation and mycoplasma genomes. | dna methylation is one of the many hypotheses proposed to explain the observed deficiency in cpg dinucleotides in a variety of genomes covering a wide taxonomic distribution. recent studies challenged the methylation hypothesis on empirical grounds. first, it cannot explain why the mycoplasma genitalium genome exhibits strong cpg deficiency without dna methylation. second, it cannot explain the great variation in cpg deficiency between m. genitalium and m. pneumoniae that also does not have cpg- ... | 2003 | 15008400 |
| essential eukaryotic core. | the aids-related fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii is unusual in having a remarkably compact genome of 7.7 megabase pairs (mbp) whose small size presents the opportunity to identify the essential eukaryotic core of genes. the essential eukaryotic core is defined to be a collection of essential genes shared by all eukaryotes. sequencing the 3' ends of more than 5500 cdnas from p. carinii allowed us to identify about 200 genes shared with its nearest known but distant relative, schizosaccharomy ... | 2004 | 15068361 |
| comparison of multiplex pcr assay with culture for detection of genital mycoplasmas. | ureaplasma, spp. mycoplasma genitalium, and mycoplasma hominis are associated with infection of the genitourinary tract, reproductive failure, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. we have developed a multiplex pcr for the detection of these mycoplasmatales in a single amplification reaction. the analytical sensitivities of this assay were 10.8, 10.8, and 8.8 cfu for each organism, respectively. this multiplex pcr was compared to culture on 26 cervical swabs, 2 vaginal swabs, 4 female urine spec ... | 2004 | 15070999 |
| geneorder3.0: software for comparing the order of genes in pairs of small bacterial genomes. | an increasing number of whole viral and bacterial genomes are being sequenced and deposited in public databases. in parallel to the mounting interest in whole genomes, the number of whole genome analyses software tools is also increasing. geneorder was originally developed to provide an analysis of genes between two genomes, allowing visualization of gene order and synteny comparisons of any small genomes. it was originally developed for comparing virus, mitochondrion and chloroplast genomes. th ... | 2004 | 15128433 |
| [studies on the infection status of seven species mycoplasma, three species of chlamydia, neisseria gonorrhoeae and garderella vaginalis in 76 patients with sexual transmitted diseases]. | to study the infectious status of seven species of mycoplasma, three species of chlamydia, neisseria gonorrhoeae and garderella vaginalis in the 76 male sexual transmitted disease (std) patients in yangzhou city. | 2004 | 15132870 |
| a conserved hypothetical protein from mycoplasma genitalium shows structural homology to nusb proteins. | | 2004 | 15146506 |
| shaping and moving a spiroplasma. | the mollicutes (spiroplasma, mycoplasma and acholeplasma) are the most minimal cells known to exist, being the smallest and simplest free-living and self-replicating forms of life. phylogenetically, the mollicutes are related to gram-positive bacteria and have evolved, by regressive evolution and genome reduction, from clostridia. the smallest genome in this group (mycoplasma genitalium - 5.77 x 10(5) bp) is only twice that of a large virus (e.g., entomopox viruses). the largest mollicute genome ... | 2004 | 15170406 |
| quantifying intrachromosomal gc heterogeneity in prokaryotic genomes. | the sequencing of prokaryotic genomes covering a wide taxonomic range has sparked renewed interest in intrachromosomal compositional (gc) heterogeneity, largely in view of lateral transfers. we present here a brief overview of some methods for visualizing and quantifying gc variation in prokaryotes. we used these methods to examine heterogeneity levels in sequenced prokaryotes, for a range of scales or stringencies. some species are consistently homogeneous, whereas others are markedly heterogen ... | 2004 | 15177687 |
| characterization of sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-separated m. agalactiae membrane antigens by mass spectrometry. | mycoplasma membrane proteins are generally designated according to their apparent molecular weight measured by sds-page. several results about mycoplasma membrane antigens are conflicting because some doubts are emerging about the accuracy of the method utilised to identify the antigens. aim of this work, was to characterise proteins separated after sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page)-mass spectrometry to allow an uncontroversial designation of the antigens. fifte ... | 2004 | 15187300 |
| comparison of first void urine and urogenital swab specimens for detection of mycoplasma genitalium and chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction in patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. | the objective of this study was to compare urogenital swab specimens and first void urine (fvu) specimens from male and female patients at a sexually transmitted disease clinic for the detection of mycoplasma genitalium and chlamydia trachomatis infections using in-house, inhibitor-controlled polymerase chain reaction (pcr). | 2004 | 15273584 |
| symptomatic urethritis is more prevalent in men infected with mycoplasma genitalium than with chlamydia trachomatis. | to study the prevalence, symptoms, and signs of mycoplasma genitalium and chlamydia trachomatis infections in men attending a swedish std clinic and to study the criteria for urethritis. | 2004 | 15295128 |
| [up to date in sexually transmitted infections: epidemiology, diagnostic approaches and treatments]. | in the last years, there have been important advances in sexually transmitted infections such as genome sequencing of treponema pallidum, chlamydia trachomatis or mycoplasma genitalium; the new taxonomic position of calymmatobacterium granulomatis; commercial diagnostic systems based on nucleic acid amplification; the emergence of quinolone resistance in neisseria gonorrhoeae; new therapeutic approaches in vulvovaginal candidiasis that include boric acid; the demonstration that valacyclovir redu ... | 2004 | 15355770 |
| aetiology of male urethritis in patients recruited from a population with a high hiv prevalence. | the aetiology of urethritis, the significance of potential pathogens and the relation of urethritis to hiv infection were determined in 335 men (cases) with and 100 men (controls) without urethral symptoms. urethral swab specimens were tested for different organisms by pcr or by culture for neisseria gonorrhoeae. the prevalence of n. gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis was 52 and 16%, respectively. the potential pathogens: mycoplasma genitalium, ureaplasma urealyticum, trichomonas vaginalis an ... | 2004 | 15364299 |
| mycoplasma genitalium urethritis in men. | mycoplasma genitalium was first isolated from two men with non-gonococcal urethritis (ngu) and thereafter shown to produce urethritis in subhuman primates, inoculated intraurethrally. this mycoplasma has been detected significantly more often in patients with acute ngu, particularly in patients with non-chlamydial ngu, than in subjects without urethritis. the prevalence of m. genitalium-positive non-chlamydial ngu ranges from 18 to 46% of all non-chlamydial ngu cases. in addition, the persistenc ... | 2004 | 15364301 |
| detection of mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma parvum (biovar 1) and ureaplasma urealyticum (biovar 2) in patients with non-gonococcal urethritis using polymerase chain reaction-microtiter plate hybridization. | to use polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-microtiter plate hybridization assays to detect mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma parvum (biovar 1) and ureaplasma urealyticum (biovar 2) in first-voided urine specimens from patients with non-gonococcal urethritis (ngu). | 2004 | 15379939 |
| high prevalence of genital mycoplasmas among sexually active young adults with urethritis or cervicitis symptoms in la crosse, wisconsin. | sexually active young adults in the small college town of la crosse, wisconsin, were evaluated for conventional sexually transmitted pathogens and tested for infections with mycoplasmas. the prevalence in 65 symptomatic men or women and 137 healthy volunteers (67 men and 70 women) was compared. urine specimens from both cohorts were tested by ligase chain reaction for chlamydia trachomatis or neisseria gonorrhoeae. in addition, the urethral or cervical swabs from the symptomatic subjects were te ... | 2004 | 15472322 |
| single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the rrna operon and variable numbers of tandem repeats in the lipoprotein gene among mycoplasma genitalium strains from clinical specimens. | we characterized the single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the rrna operon and variable numbers of tandem repeats in the lipoprotein gene mg309 among mycoplasma genitalium strains from clinical specimens by pcr and sequencing. analysis of 31 m. genitalium-infected patient specimens and 7 american type culture collection strains identified six types of rrna sequences and 11 different numbers of mg309 repeats. examination of sequential specimens from 10 patients showed that these genotypes were stabl ... | 2004 | 15472369 |
| conjunctivitis associated with mycoplasma genitalium infection. | conjunctival and first-void urine specimens from a patient with unilateral conjunctivitis and urethritis were found to be positive for mycoplasma genitalium but negative for chlamydia trachomatis, by polymerase chain reaction analysis. identical m. genitalium dna sequences were found in both types of specimens. | 2004 | 15472835 |
| chronic prostatitis: charlottesville to seattle. | since few men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (cp/cpps) have culturable bacteria by traditional approaches, we used sensitive molecular methods to determine presence of fastidious microorganisms. | 2004 | 15538207 |
| methods for assessing the accuracy of pcr-based tests: comparisons and extensions. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based tests are commonly used to diagnose various infections. such tests are assumed to be highly 'sensitive', however, no consensus definition of, or method for estimating, sensitivity exists. hughes and totten proposed that sensitivity be defined as a function of the number of target dna molecules in the sample with specificity corresponding to the case where there is no target dna molecule present. they then developed parametric, non-parametric and semi-paramet ... | 2005 | 15568209 |
| detection of mycoplasma genitalium in urogenital specimens by real-time pcr and by conventional pcr assay. | a real-time lightcycler pcr (lc-pcr) with hybridization probes for detection of mycoplasma genitalium in endocervical and first void urine specimens was developed and compared to a conventional pcr. the primers for both assays were identical and designed to amplify a 427 bp fragment of the 16s rrna gene of m. genitalium. the lc-pcr assay had a detection limit of < 5 bacterial genomes per reaction when dilutions of genomic dna from a type strain of m. genitalium were tested. first void urine from ... | 2005 | 15591251 |
| the influence of environmental adaptation on bacterial genome structure. | researchers have long been puzzled by the diversity of life. now that the complete genomic sequence of many organisms has been determined, it is possible to evaluate the impact of organismal variation on sequence structure or vice versa. the aim of this investigation was to explore genomic changes mandated by organismal adaptation to its ecological niches. | 2005 | 15612996 |
| prevalence of mycoplasma genitalium in early pregnancy and relationship between its presence and pregnancy outcome. | mycoplasma genitalium is associated with cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease but little is known about its role in pregnancy. we investigated the prevalence of m. genitalium by polymerase chain reaction assay on urine specimens from 1216 pregnant women (mean age 31years) presenting before 10 weeks of gestation in 32 general practices. the prevalence of m. genitalium was 0.7% (6/915, 95% ci 0.1-1.2). it was more common in women aged < 20 years, women of afro-caribbean or black african ethn ... | 2004 | 15663138 |
| mycoplasma genitalium: an organism commonly associated with cervicitis among west african sex workers. | to identify the contribution of mycoplasma genitalium to the aetiology of cervicitis in sub-saharan africa and its relative importance in the overall burden of sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers (fsw). | 2005 | 15681727 |
| signs and symptoms of urethritis and cervicitis among women with or without mycoplasma genitalium or chlamydia trachomatis infection. | to study the prevalence, symptoms, and signs of mycoplasma genitalium and chlamydia trachomatis infections in women attending a swedish std clinic, accessible for both sexes, and in a group of young women called in the cervical cancer screening programme. | 2005 | 15681728 |
| sexually transmitted infections in rural madagascar at an early stage of the hiv epidemic: a 6-month community-based follow-up study. | sexually transmitted infections (stis) in madagascar have primarily been monitored in selected groups of patients attending sti clinics in major cities as part of the hiv surveillance program in madagascar. | 2005 | 15729151 |
| the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of mycoplasma hominis antibodies in infertile women serum samples. | besides chlamydiae trachomatis and mycoplasma genitalium, mycoplasma hominis may also cause infertility due to damage of the fallopian tubes. therefore serum samples from infertile women were analyzed for antibodies to m. hominis. | 2005 | 15734761 |
| prevalence of ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma genitalium in men with non-gonococcal urethritis. | this study in teheran, islamic republic of iran, investigated the prevalence of ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma species in men with non-gonococcal urethritis. urethral swab samples were collected from 125 cases and 125 healthy men as a control group. the samples were then investigated by culture methods. the rates of detected bacteria in case and control groups were 19.2% and 7.2% for u. urealyticum, 7.2% and 0.8% for m. genitalium, and 2.4% and 1.6% for m. hominis respectively. statistica ... | 2003 | 15751921 |
| detecting of mycoplasma genitalium in male patients with urethritis symptoms in turkey by polymerase chain reaction. | the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of mycoplasma genitalium in the urine samples of 63 male patients who had urethritis symptoms. along with neisseria gonorrhoeae (n. gonorrhoeae) and chlamydia trachomatis (c. trachomatis). we also investigated mycoplasma hominis (m. hominis) and ureaplasma urealyticum (u. urealyticum), both of which are known to cause urethritis. | 2005 | 15756355 |
| symptoms of non-gonococcal urethritis in heterosexual men: a case control study. | to determine microbial and behavioural factors contributing to non-gonococcal urethral symptoms in men. | 2005 | 15800097 |
| remarkable sequence signatures in archaeal genomes. | complete archaeal genomes were probed for the presence of long (> or = 25 bp) oligonucleotide repeats (words). we detected the presence of many words distributed in tandem with narrow ranges of periodicity (i.e., spacer length between repeats). similar words were not identified in genomes of non-archaeal species, namely escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, haemophilus influenzae, mycoplasma genitalium and mycoplasma pneumoniae. blast similarity searches against the genbank nucleotide sequence da ... | 2003 | 15803664 |
| increased prevalence of leukocytes and elevated cytokine levels in semen from schistosoma haematobium-infected individuals. | in this study, we investigated the seminal inflammatory response to egg infestation of the urogenital organs in 240 semen-donating men aged 15-49 years living in a schistosoma haematobium-endemic area of madagascar. in 29 subjects (12%) with excretion of > or =5 ova/ejaculate, leukocytospermia (>10(6) leukocytes/ml) and the presence of seminal lymphocytes and eosinophil leukocytes were each significantly more prevalent than in 74 subjects (31%) who were s. haematobium negative (p<.01). in additi ... | 2005 | 15838790 |
| comparison of first void urine and urogenital swab specimens for detection of mycoplasma genitalium and chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction in patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. | | 2005 | 15879800 |
| should we still be testing for asymptomatic non-specific urethritis in departments of genitourinary medicine? | it has recently been advocated that non-invasive testing with first-catch urine specimens using nucleic acid amplification techniques, to detect chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae, should replace routine microscopy on asymptomatic men. although it is assumed that this strategy will be cost effective, the available evidence suggests that this will result in fewer sexually transmitted infections being averted than continuing the current practice of screening for urethritis and testing ... | 2005 | 15899076 |
| is mycoplasma genitalium a cause of pelvic inflammatory disease? | the evidence for m genitalium as a sexually acquired infection in women is strong, and the organism has been associated with cervicitis and urethritis. in vitro evidence supports the concept that m genitalium causes inflammation in the fallopian tube epithelium, and animal studies have demonstrated the potential for infection to spread from the lower to the upper genital tract. serologic data in humans who have pid are somewhat conflicting, but studies in infertile women suggest a link between m ... | 2005 | 15963879 |
| transcriptional analysis of the conserved ftsz gene cluster in mycoplasma genitalium and mycoplasma pneumoniae. | several experimental approaches were used to construct a detailed transcriptional profile of the phylogenetically conserved ftsz cell division gene cluster in both mycoplasma genitalium and its closest relative, mycoplasma pneumoniae. we determined initiation and termination points for the cluster, as well as an absolute steady-state rna level for each gene. transcription of this cluster in both these organisms was shown to be highly strand specific. while the four genes in this cluster are cotr ... | 2005 | 15968065 |
| polymerase chain reaction-based subtyping of ureaplasma parvum and ureaplasma urealyticum in first-pass urine samples from men with or without urethritis. | our previous study suggested a significant association between ureaplasma urealyticum and nongonococcal urethritis (ngu). however, association of the serovars of u. urealyticum with ngu remains unclear. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay can distinguish 4 serovars of ureaplasma parvum from each other and categorize 10 serovars of u. urealyticum into 3 subtypes: subtype 1 (serovars 2, 5, 8, and 9), subtype 2 (serovars 4, 10, 12, and 13), and subtype 3 (serovars 7 and 11). | 2005 | 15976604 |
| development of a quantitative real-time pcr assay for detection of mycoplasma genitalium. | mycoplasma genitalium is known to cause nonchlamydial, nongonococcal urethritis in men and to be associated with pelvic inflammatory disease in women. specific and sensitive pcr methods are needed for diagnosis of this bacterium because it is very difficult to culture from patient samples. to determine the bacterial load in patients' specimens, a quantitative real-time lightcycler pcr was developed. the housekeeping gene gap encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was chosen as the tar ... | 2005 | 16000423 |
| crystal structure of a putative type i restriction-modification s subunit from mycoplasma genitalium. | the crystal structure of the eubacteria mycoplasma genitalium orf mg438 polypeptide, determined by multiple anomalous dispersion and refined at 2.3 a resolution, reveals the organization of s subunits from the type i restriction and modification system. the structure consists of two globular domains, with about 150 residues each, separated by a pair of 40 residue long antiparallel alpha-helices. the globular domains correspond to the variable target recognition domains (trds), as previously defi ... | 2005 | 16038930 |
| genome sequencing in microfabricated high-density picolitre reactors. | the proliferation of large-scale dna-sequencing projects in recent years has driven a search for alternative methods to reduce time and cost. here we describe a scalable, highly parallel sequencing system with raw throughput significantly greater than that of state-of-the-art capillary electrophoresis instruments. the apparatus uses a novel fibre-optic slide of individual wells and is able to sequence 25 million bases, at 99% or better accuracy, in one four-hour run. to achieve an approximately ... | 2005 | 16056220 |
| prevalence survey on condom use and infection of urogenital mycoplasmas in female sex workers in china. | we evaluated the prevalence of condom use and the effects of condom use on urogenital mycoplasma infection in female sex workers in jinjiang, china. | 2005 | 16102559 |
| [mycoplasma genitalium--a new challenge in sexually transmitted diseases]. | although mycoplasma genitalium was described 20 years ago, the knowledge concerning it is still limited. the publications in the area are surprisingly few in number, especially considering that the pathogen is rather common and has been connected with a number of different urogenital diseases. the pcr technique has made it possible to perform investigations on a large scale, which might elucidate the pathogenic role of m. genitalium in the urogenital tract. however, it seems well established tha ... | 2005 | 16138971 |
| nmr structure of hypothetical protein mg354 from mycoplasma genitalium. | | 2005 | 16184596 |
| in vitro activity of fluoroquinolones against mycoplasma genitalium and their bacteriological efficacy for treatment of m. genitalium-positive nongonococcal urethritis in men. | we investigated the minimum inhibitory concentrations of some fluoroquinolones for mycoplasma genitalium and their bacteriological efficacy in the treatment of m. genitalium-positive nongonococcal urethritis. in vitro, levofloxacin was less active than gatifloxacin, tosufloxacin, and sparfloxacin. in vivo, the bacteriological efficacy of gatifloxacin was superior to that of levofloxacin or tosufloxacin. | 2005 | 16206116 |
| structural genomics of minimal organisms and protein fold space. | the initial aim of the berkeley structural genomics center is to obtain a near-complete structural complement of two minimal organisms, closely related pathogens mycoplasma genitalium and m. pneumoniae. the former has fewer than 500 genes and the latter fewer than 700 genes. to achieve this goal, the current protein targets have been selected starting with those predicted to be most tractable and likely to yield new structural and functional information. during the past 3 years, the semi-automat ... | 2005 | 16211501 |
| mycoplasma genitalium. | mycoplasma genitalium was initially isolated from men with nongonococcal urethritis in 1980. subsequent studies to assess the association of m. genitalium with human disease were inhibited however because on repeated attempts the organism proved extremely difficult to culture. fortunately, the development and use of specific polymerase chain reaction assays allowed progress in this arena and provided evidence of the association between m. genitalium and urethritis, cervicitis, and endometritis. ... | 2005 | 16225783 |
| synthetic biology. synthetic biology remakes small genomes. | | 2005 | 16272096 |
| target selection and deselection at the berkeley structural genomics center. | at the berkeley structural genomics center (bsgc), our goal is to obtain a near-complete structural complement of proteins in the minimal organisms mycoplasma genitalium and m. pneumoniae, two closely related pathogens. current targets for structure determination have been selected in six major stages, starting with those predicted to be most tractable to high throughput study and likely to yield new structural information. we report on the process used to select these proteins, as well as our t ... | 2006 | 16276528 |
| mycoplasma amphoriforme sp. nov., isolated from a patient with chronic bronchopneumonia. | a mycoplasma was isolated from the sputum of an immunodeficient patient with recurrent bronchitis. the isolate designated strain a39t was very fastidious and atypical for a mycoplasma in its colonial appearance. classical biochemical tests for mycoplasma speciation could not differentiate the isolate from the pathogens mycoplasma pneumoniae and mycoplasma genitalium and serological identification as a recognized mycoplasma species was lacking. specific pcr detection for these two species was neg ... | 2005 | 16280532 |
| a review on pelvic inflammatory disease. | pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) remains a significant cause of morbidity worldwide, with the potential to result in serious reproductive complications. much of the definitive work regarding pid was completed in the 1960s and 1970s. more recently, however, there have been a range of studies published that have contributed to our understanding of pid. aetiologically, the main pathogens are chlamydia and gonorrhoea, but may include mycoplasma genitalium and anaerobic gram-negative rods. risk fact ... | 2005 | 16303062 |
| mycoplasma genitalium and asymptomatic chlamydia-negative non-gonococcal urethritis revisited. | | 2005 | 16303076 |
| mycoplasmas in semen of chronic prostatitis patients. | to evaluate the occurrence of mycoplasmas in the semen of chronic prostatitis patients. | 2005 | 16303724 |
| antibiotic susceptibility testing of mycoplasma genitalium by taqman 5' nuclease real-time pcr. | mycoplasma genitalium is an important pathogen in male nongonococcal urethritis (ngu). isolation of m. genitalium from clinical specimens by axenic culture is very difficult and time-consuming, and very few strains are available for antibiotic susceptibility testing. primary isolation of m. genitalium by coculture with vero cells improves the isolation rate significantly. however, some strains cannot be adapted to axenic culture. in this study, we determined the antibiotic susceptibility of m. g ... | 2005 | 16304163 |
| mycoplasma genitalium: prevalence, clinical significance, and transmission. | to study the prevalence, symptoms and signs of mycoplasma genitalium and chlamydia trachomatis infections in std clinic attendees and in partners of m genitalium infected patients. | 2005 | 16326846 |
| detection of mycoplasma genitalium in women with laparoscopically diagnosed acute salpingitis. | mycoplasma genitalium has been associated with cervicitis, endometritis, and tubal factor infertility. because the ability of this bacterium to ascend and infect the fallopian tube remains undefined, we performed an investigation to determine the prevalence of m genitalium in fallopian tube, endometrial, and cervical specimens from women laparoscopically diagnosed with acute salpingitis in nairobi, kenya. | 2005 | 16326847 |
| etiologies of nongonococcal urethritis: bacteria, viruses, and the association with orogenital exposure. | the purpose of the present study was to determine pathogens and behaviors associated with nongonococcal urethritis (ngu) and the usefulness of the urethral smear in predicting the presence of pathogens. | 2006 | 16388480 |
| interstitial cystitis and infectious agents. | interstitial cystitis (ic) is a syndrome consisting of severe refractory bladder symptoms of unknown etiology. the disease tends to affect caucasian women with a mean age of 40 years, with 25% of patients under the age of 30. few population based epidemiological studies of ic have been performed. we analyzed a case of interstitial cystitis in a 42-year-old non-smoker woman. in two biopsy samples the presence of viral dna of human polyomavirus bk (bkv), human herpes virus type 1 and type 2 (hhv- ... | 2005 | 16388730 |
| association between preterm birth and vaginal colonization by mycoplasmas in early pregnancy. | to examine the association between colonization by two newly classified species of genital ureaplasmas (ureaplasma parvum and u. urealyticum) in early pregnancy and subsequent late abortion or preterm birth at <34 weeks of gestation, four species of genital mycoplasmas--mycoplasma genitalium, m. hominis, u. parvum, and u. urealyticum--as well as chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae were examined by pcr-based methods in a prospective cohort study of 877 women with singleton pregnancies ... | 2006 | 16390947 |
| essential genes of a minimal bacterium. | mycoplasma genitalium has the smallest genome of any organism that can be grown in pure culture. it has a minimal metabolism and little genomic redundancy. consequently, its genome is expected to be a close approximation to the minimal set of genes needed to sustain bacterial life. using global transposon mutagenesis, we isolated and characterized gene disruption mutants for 100 different nonessential protein-coding genes. none of the 43 rna-coding genes were disrupted. herein, we identify 382 o ... | 2006 | 16407165 |