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mycobacterium xenopi genotype associated with clinical phenotype in lung disease.mycobacterium xenopi is responsible for pulmonary disease (pd) in europe and canada. despite its high prevalence and increasing clinical importance, little is known about the genetic diversity of m. xenopi. through a prospective study for m. xenopi strain type and the relation to clinical phenotype, 39 patients with m. xenopi pd were analyzed. our study demonstrated that sequence type (st) 5 was dominant in ontario among 15 distinct sts and caused pd in people even without underlying lung diseas ...201829349535
evaluation of pyromark q24 pyrosequencing as a method for the identification of mycobacteria.we evaluated pyromark q24 (qiagen) pyrosequencing as a method for the identification of mycobacteria, with potential application in clinical practice. sequence data from the hypervariable region a of the 16s rrna gene (43 and 35bp sequences) were obtained using pyromark q24, and a similarity search was performed automatically with pyromark identifire software. of the 148 mycobacterial type strains tested, 138 (93.2%) were accurately identified to single or clade species level, including complex ...201829107416
cavitary lung lesion suspicious for malignancy reveals mycobacterium xenopi.we report the case of a 68-year-old gentleman who presented with musculoskeletal chest pain which appeared suddenly when he bent over with his dog. the chest pain was localized to the left lower chest and increased with movement and deep breathing. the patient did not complain weight loss, night sweat, fever or chill. he complained of mild cough, with expectoration of whitish mucus. imaging revealed cavitary chest lesion in the right upper lobe, which was initially suspected to be lung cancer. t ...201829326867
fatal pulmonary cavitary disease secondary to mycobacterium xenopi in a patient with sarcoidosis.introduction: mycobacterium xenopi (m. xenopi) has low pathogenicity and usually requires either host immune impairment or structural lung disease to cause clinical disease. fatal cavitary infection in a patient without immunosuppression is rarely presented. case report: a 62-year-old female with history of sarcoidosis and hypertension presented with cough, fever and dyspnea for one week. chest imaging showed irregular opacification of upper lung zones. the sputum samples tested positive for aci ...201729296252
structure of the mycobacterial esx-5 type vii secretion system membrane complex by single-particle analysis.mycobacteria are characterized by their impermeable outer membrane, which is rich in mycolic acids(1). to transport substrates across this complex cell envelope, mycobacteria rely on type vii (also known as esx) secretion systems(2). in mycobacterium tuberculosis, these esx systems are essential for growth and full virulence and therefore represent an attractive target for anti-tuberculosis drugs(3). however, the molecular details underlying type vii secretion are largely unknown, due to a lack ...201728394313
species-specific risk factors, treatment decisions, and clinical outcomes for laboratory isolates of less common nontuberculous mycobacteria in washington state.nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are a diverse group of environmental organisms that infrequently cause human disease. understanding of the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics associated with ntm disease is needed to refine diagnostic and treatment strategies, particularly among the less commonly isolated species.201728387523
transmission of mycobacterium xenopi to a pet albino ferret (mustela putorius furo) from a domestic aquarium.a three-year-old ferret presented with a three-month history of rapid clinical deterioration necessitating euthanasia shortly after initial veterinary assessment. postmortem pcr testing confirmed mycobacterium xenopi which is most commonly identified in amphibians, reptiles and aquatic life. infection of a captive-bred domestic ferret is highly unusual. a collaborative effort involving medical doctors, clinical veterinarians and veterinary pathologists investigated the potential sources of human ...201728774941
mycobacterium xenopi and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. 201728641879
pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria-associated deaths, ontario, canada, 2001-2013.survival implications of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (ntm-pd) and ntm pulmonary isolation without disease (ntm-pi) are unclear. to study deaths associated with ntm-pd and ntm-pi and differences in survival between them, we conducted a population-based cohort study of persons with microbiologically defined ntm-pd or ntm-pi diagnosed during 2001-2013 in ontario, canada. we used propensity score matching and cox proportional hazards models to compare survival. among 9,681 ntm-pd ...201728221106
miliary pulmonary nodules due to mycobacterium xenopi in a steroid-induced immunocompromised patient successfully treated with chemotherapy: a case report.mycobacterium xenopi-infected patients have a high prevalence of pulmonary cavities and nodules. however, the clinical course for patients with miliary nodules due to m. xenopi has not yet been reported.201627287608
update on pulmonary disease due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria.non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are emerging worldwide as significant causes of chronic pulmonary infection, posing a number of challenges for both clinicians and researchers. while a number of studies worldwide have described an increasing prevalence of ntm pulmonary disease over time, population-based data are relatively sparse and subject to ascertainment bias. furthermore, the disease is geographically heterogeneous. while some species are commonly implicated worldwide (mycobacterium aviu ...201626976549
osteomyelitis because of mycobacterium xenopi in an immunocompetent child.we present the case of a 6-year-old, immunocompetent boy with chronic osteomyelitis of the calcaneus caused by mycobacterium xenopi. of note, typical histopathology was not visible on the first biopsy and developed only later over a period of 6 weeks, highlighting the difficult differential diagnosis of osteomyelitis caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria.201626418244
unusual coexistence of opportunistic lung infections in a human immunodeficiency virus positive patient suffering from persistent pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a case report.it is well established that hiv patients are at high risk of opportunistic infections (oi), like the ones caused by pneumocystis jirovecii, a worldwide pathogen implicated in interstitial pneumonia (pcp). we present a case of a newly diagnosed hiv-1 patient with multiple oi, including a persistent form of pcp, an invasive aspergillosis (ia), cytomegalovirus and mycobacterium xenopi lung infection. we describe the combination of laboratorial screening, surgery and antimicrobial therapy that were ...201623669438
engineering versatile protein expression systems mediated by inteins in escherichia coli.we have recently employed an intein, saccharomyces cerevisiae vascular membrane atpase (vma), in conjunction with efficient expression and secretory functions formed between the ompa leader sequence and the human epidermal growth factor (egf) gene (fused at the 5' end of vma), and the human basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf) gene (fused at the 3' end of vma), to engineer an efficient intein-based escherichia coli system for high-level co-expression of egf and bfgf as authentic mature products ...201626381664
time-kill kinetics of slowly growing mycobacteria common in pulmonary disease.this study aimed to provide basic pharmacodynamic information for key antibiotics used to treat mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium xenopi pulmonary disease.201526142475
risk factors for mortality in patients with pulmonary infections with non-tuberculous mycobacteria: a retrospective cohort study.infections with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) represent an increasing problem. their clinical relevance is still largely unknown as well as predictors for mortality in affected patients. the objective was to describe prevalence and clinical relevance of different ntm and to identify risk factors for mortality.201525464905
direct identification of mycobacteria from liquid media using a triplex real-time pcr coupled with pyrosequencing method.culture in enriched broth, as well as on a solid medium, is recommended for primary isolation of mycobacteria. with the introduction of liquid mycobacterial culture methods, a substantial workload regarding the identification of culture-recovered mycobacterial species, particularly mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc), has been imposed on our laboratory. we thus developed a triplex, real-time pcr coupled with pyrosequencing assay that can directly identify mycobacterial species from liquid m ...201526471200
comparative analysis of the effectiveness of c-terminal cleavage intein-based constructs in producing a recombinant analog of anophelin, an anticoagulant from anopheles albimanus.production of small recombinant peptides by expressing them as fusion proteins, with subsequent proteolytic or chemical cleavage of the latter, is a widespread approach in modern biotechnology. an alternative method is to produce such peptides as self-cleaving fusion proteins with inteins. to date, only a small proportion of known inteins have been used for this purpose, and analysis of other inteins for the ability to cleave off the target polypeptide can significantly expand the range of intei ...201525503362
a case of lung cancer originating from cavitary mycobacterium xenopi infection.coexistence of mycobacterium xenopi with lung cancer has been reported. however, lung cancer originating within a pre-existing cavity caused by m. xenopi has not. a 55-y-old woman with a history of smoking presented with complaints of chronic dry cough, night sweats, and weight loss for several months. computed tomography (ct) scanning revealed a 3.5-cm irregular thick-walled cavity in the right lung apex. cultures obtained from a ct-guided biopsy grew m. xenopi. the patient received standard tr ...201525336532
multilocus sequence typing of mycobacterium xenopi.mycobacterium xenopi is an opportunistic mycobacterial pathogen of increasing clinical importance. surveillance of m. xenopi is hampered by the absence of tools for genotyping and molecular epidemiology. in this study, we describe the development and evaluation of an effective multilocus sequence typing strategy for m. xenopi.201425210065
comparison of the spectrum of radiologic and clinical manifestations of pulmonary disease caused by mycobacterium avium complex and mycobacterium xenopi.mycobacterium xenopi is described with upper lobe cavitation ("fibrocavitary" pattern), whereas the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is described with bronchiectasis and centrilobular nodules ("nodular bronchiectasis"). we retrospectively described and compared computed tomography (ct) chest manifestations of disease caused by mac and m xenopi.201424325924
highly deviated asymmetric division in very low proportion of mycobacterial mid-log phase cells.in this study, we show that about 20% of the septating mycobacterium smegmatis and mycobacterium xenopi cells in the exponential phase populationdivideasymmetrically, with an unusually high deviation (17 ± 4%) in the division site from the median, to generate short cells and long cells, thereby generating population heterogeneity. this mode of division is very different from the symmetric division of themajority (about 80%) of the septating cells in the mycobacterium smegmatis, mycobacterium mar ...201424949109
[identification of mycobacterium spp. isolates using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms)].matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has recently been widely used in diagnostic microbiological laboratories. it is a cheap and rapid method for the identification of bacteria and micromycetes. apart from this purpose, it is also used for the detection of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. it has the potential to be extended for other purposes in microbiology. the aim of this study was to validate maldi-tof ms for the identification of mycob ...201425412483
drug treatment of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in hiv-negative patients: the evidence.pulmonary disease (pd) caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria is an emerging infection mainly in countries where the incidence of tuberculosis is in decline. it affects an elderly population, often with underlying chronic lung diseases, but its epidemiology shows significant regional variation. guidelines and recommendations for treatment of these infections exist, but build strongly on expert opinion, as very few good quality clinical trials have been performed in this field. only for the most f ...201324124798
synergistic activity of rifampicin and ethambutol against slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria is currently of questionable clinical significance.a key issue in the treatment of disease caused by slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria is the limited association between in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of rifampicin and ethambutol alone and the in vivo outcome of treatment with these drugs. combined susceptibility testing to rifampicin and ethambutol could provide a more realistic view of the efficacy of these drugs. in this study, mycobacterium avium (n = 5), mycobacterium chimaera (n = 6), mycobacterium intracellulare ...201323664674
identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria from clinical samples.non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections cause morbidity worldwide. ntm are considered opportunistic pathogens, and several species have been associated with human disease which has typically pulmonary, skin and soft tissue, lymphatic or disseminated presentation. this study evaluated the distribution of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in sardinia. mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium gordonae and mycobacterium xenopi were frequently found. our results agreed with literature data both for the frequen ...201324177303
epidemiology and clinical significance of non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated from pulmonary specimens.a tertiary university medical centre in northern israel.201323146427
improving existing tools for mycobacterium xenopi treatment: assessment of drug combinations and characterization of mouse models of infection and chemotherapy.mycobacterium xenopi is a common agent of non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung diseases in europe. however, an optimal treatment regimen for m. xenopi infection has not yet been established. appropriate in vitro and in vivo model systems are needed for characterization of the activity of potential drugs and drug combinations against m. xenopi.201323129730
computed tomography imaging for mycobacterium xenopi infections, a clearer path for diagnosis? 201323107166
chest computed tomography predicts microbiological burden and symptoms in pulmonary mycobacterium xenopi.the development of computed tomography (ct) findings usually precedes the diagnosis of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. the utility of specific ct scan features, although often available long before respiratory sample cultures, is not fully understood. we sought to assess associations among ct features, symptoms and microbiological disease criteria in pulmonary mycobacterium xenopi isolation.201323035668
complete genome sequence of mycobacterium xenopi type strain rivm700367.mycobacterium xenopi is a slow-growing, thermophilic, water-related mycobacterium species. like other nontuberculous mycobacteria, m. xenopi more commonly infects humans with altered immune function, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. it is considered clinically relevant in a significant proportion of the patients from whom it is isolated. we report here the whole genome sequence of m. xenopi type strain rivm700367.201222628510
discitis and sacroiliitis diagnosed 15 years after iatrogenic mycobacterium xenopi inoculation.a patient was diagnosed with discitis and sacroiliitis due to mycobacterium xenopi. he had a history of percutaneous nucleotomy performed 15 years earlier (in 1992) at the clinique du sport, paris, france, during an outbreak of nosocomial m. xenopi infection at that institution. in 1997, magnetic resonance imaging performed as part of the routine follow-up program for patients who had surgery at the clinique du sport during the outbreak was not interpreted as indicating discitis; this assessment ...201222405857
non-tuberculous slow-growing mycobacterial pulmonary infections in non-hiv-infected patients in south london.uk data on slow-growing non-tuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) pulmonary infections are sparse and there is little consensus on optimal treatment regimens.201223078529
[pulmonary aspergillosis complicating atypical mycobacterial infection in two patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].atypical mycobacteria and aspergillus are opportunistic organisms responsible for severe pulmonary diseases whose development is encouraged by the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and related immunosuppression.201222240225
[mycobacterium xenopi lung infection in a patient with multiple lung cysts that responded well to chemotherapy: a case report].an abnormal shadow was observed on the chest radiograph of a 39-year-old man during health examination. the chest ct scan showed a consolidation around the cysts in the left upper lobe. the patient was diagnosed with mycobacterium xenopi lung infection based on the presence of acid-fast bacilli in the sputum culture several times, which were identified as mycobacterium xenopi by dna-dna hybridization. two weeks after the initation of chemotherapy with 4 drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, ...201223367833
pott's disease: a case of mycobacterium xenopi infection of the spine.pott's disease is an infection of the spine with mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes destruction of the spine elements resulting in progressive kyphosis. we are describing a rare case of pott's disease where mycobacterium xenopi was the inculpated organism.201223882381
usability of a gamma interferon release assay in the diagnosis of naturally infected pigs with mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis.in the current study, the results of an intradermal tuberculin test and a gamma interferon (ifn-γ) release assay were compared. ifn-γ release assay is based on the detection of ifn-γ production after in vitro stimulation with mycobacterium avium subsp. avium-specific antigen for the discrimination of pigs naturally infected with m. avium subsp. hominissuis. fifty-five clinically healthy pigs were used in the study. three of these were proven by culture and real-time quantitative polymerase chain ...201222362535
extending the scope of site-specific cysteine bioconjugation by appending a prelabeled cysteine tag to proteins using protein trans-splicing.incorporating synthetic probes site-specifically into proteins is of central interest in several areas of biotechnology and protein chemistry. bioconjugation techniques provide a simple and effective means of chemically modifying a protein. in particular, covalent chemical modifications of cysteine residues belong to one of the most important reactions due to the unique reactivity of its thiol moiety and the relatively low abundance of this amino acid in proteins. however, such types of modifica ...201121674329
[Nontuberculous mycobacteria: M. marinum, M. ulcerans, M. xenopi - brief characteristics of the bacteria and diseases caused by them].Mycobacterium is a variable group of acid-fast bacillus which contains pathogenic bacteria causing tuberculosis (MTC - Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex) and leprosy (M. leprae) as well as numerous nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) causing diseases mostly in people with immunodeficiency, although some NTM strains are capable of causing illnesses in non-immunocompromised patients. This group includes for example Mycobacterium marinum, Mycobacterium ulcerans and Mycobacterium xenopi. These microo ...201121918261
[Diagnosis and treatment of atypical mycobacterial infections of the respiratory tract].INTRODUCTION: Non tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), unlike tuberculous mycobacteria, are not strictly human pathogens. The diagnosis of infection and the choice of treatment remain difficult. BACKGROUND: Evidence of a NTM in a pulmonary sample is not synonymous with infection. The diagnosis depends on the association of clinical, radiological and microbiological factors. If a NTM is isolated from a respiratory sample, the probability of infection depends on the species. The main NTMs responsible f ...201122152937
modular assembly of macrocyclic organo-peptide hybrids using synthetic and genetically encoded precursors. 201121506227
mycobacterium heckeshornense lung infection that was diagnosed as mycobacterium xenopi disease by dna-dna hybridization (ddh).the dna sequencing analyses of the 16s rrna gene, rpob and hsp65 were conducted to characterize six strains that had been identified as mycobacterium xenopi by dna-dna hybridization (ddh) for past ten years in our hospital. the results revealed mycobacterium heckeshornense infection in one of the six cases. a 47-year-old man, who had been treated for pneumonia, had pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease. the sputa from the patient were culture positive for mycobacterium in three times. a ...201121628944
serodiagnosis of environmental mycobacterial infections.to demonstrate the usefulness of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of mycobacterioses due to environmental mycobacteria we utilized a panel of glycolipid antigens selective for mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, mycobacterium kansasii, mycobacterium xenopi, mycobacterium scrofulaceum and mycobacterium gordonae. the levels of circulating antibodies were determined against the environmental mycobacteria, and mycobacterium tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-negative and ...201121641939
nontuberculous mycobacterial infection as a cause of difficult-to-control asthma: a case-control study.symptomatic disease due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) is known to occur commonly in the presence of structural lung disease, but is not described in association with asthma.201120829338
[trochanteric bursitis due to mycobacterium xenopi in a patient with pharmacological immunosuppression.] 201121470717
the cost of medical management of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in ontario, canada.treatment of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (ntm) infection is complex, requiring multiple antibiotics and a prolonged treatment course. we determined the monthly cost of treating patients with pulmonary ntm infections in our clinic, a tertiary care centre in toronto, ontario, canada. we reviewed records of a single clinic at the university health network (toronto) for all patients with pulmonary ntm isolates. pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment costs were calculated using a ...201120817704
profiling mycobacterium xenopi with restriction fragment length polymorphism of insertion element is1395.the aim of the present study was to assess the usefulness of insertion element is1395 for differentiation of mycobacterium xenopi, an increasingly common opportunistic human pathogen.201121334944
isolation prevalence of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria in ontario in 2007.<span style="font-weight: bold">201121369546
development of multiplex pcr assays based on the 16s-23s rrna internal transcribed spacer for the detection of clinically relevant nontuberculous mycobacteria.to accelerate the identification and differentiation of clinically relevant nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) with two sets of multiplex pcr (mpcr) targeting the 16s-23s rrna internal transcribed spacer (its) region for timely patient management.201121395629
Unveiling unusual features of formation of septal partition and constriction in mycobacteria - an ultrastructural study.The ultrastructural functions of the electron-dense glycopeptidolipids containing outermost layer (OL), arabinogalactan-mycolic acid containing electron-transparent layer (ETL), and electron-dense peptidoglycan layer (PGL) of mycobacterial cell wall in septal growth and constriction are not clear. Therefore, using transmission electron microscopy, we studied participation of the three layers in septal growth and constriction in the fast-growing saprophytic Mycobacterium smegmatis (Ms) and the sl ...201122101845
nontuberculous pulmonary mycobacteriosis in denmark: incidence and prognostic factors.few population-based data are available regarding nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) pulmonary disease epidemiology and prognosis.201020007929
radiology corner. answer to last month's radiology case (#43) and image: mycobacterium xenopi found incidentally on mri of the cervical spine. 201020108848
mycobacterium xenopi flexor tenosynovitis. 201020591935
in vitro drug susceptibility of 2275 clinical non-tuberculous mycobacterium isolates of 49 species in the netherlands.in this study, 2275 clinical isolates of 49 species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated in the netherlands were subjected to standardised drug susceptibility testing using the middlebrook 7h10 agar dilution method. clarithromycin and rifabutin were most active, with 87% and 83% of all isolates, respectively, being susceptible. susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (44%) and amikacin (32%) was limited and was mostly restricted to mycobacterium kansasii, mycobacterium xenopi, mycobacterium fortuitu ...201020006470
schiff bases of indoline-2,3-dione (isatin) derivatives and nalidixic acid carbohydrazide, synthesis, antitubercular activity and pharmacophoric model building.tuberculosis (tb) remains among the world's great public health challenges. worldwide resurgence of tb is due to two major problems: the aids epidemic, which started in the mid-1980s, and the outbreak of multidrug resistant (mdr) tb. thus, there is an urgent need for anti-tb drugs with enhanced activity against mdr strains. in recent years, schiff bases of 1h-indole-2,3-diones are reported to exhibit anti-tb activity. on the other hand, several quinolone antibacterial agents have been examined a ...201020696500
membrane targeting mechanism of rab gtpases elucidated by semisynthetic protein probes.post-translationally isoprenylated proteins represent major hubs in most membrane-connected signaling networks. gdp dissociation inhibitors (gdis) are molecular chaperones that shuttle geranylgeranylated gtpases between membranes and the cytosol. despite numerous studies, the mechanism of targeted membrane delivery of gtpases remains unknown. here we have combined chemical synthesis and expressed protein ligation to generate fluorescent lipidated rabgtpase-based sensor molecules. using these pro ...201020512138
[review of pulmonary mycobacterium xenopi infection cases: 11 cases of our own and 18 other cases reported in japan].to investigate clinical features of patients with pulmonary mycobacterium xenopi infection treated at our hospital.201020845683
branched intermediate formation stimulates peptide bond cleavage in protein splicing.protein splicing is a post-translational modification in which an intein domain excises itself out of a host protein. here, we investigate how the steps in the splicing process are coordinated so as to maximize the production of the final splice products and minimize the generation of undesired cleavage products. our approach has been to prepare a branched intermediate (and analogs thereof) of the mycobacterium xenopi dna gyrase a (mxe gyra) intein using protein semisynthesis. kinetic analysis o ...201020495572
nontuberculous mycobacteria: susceptibility pattern and prevalence rate in shanghai from 2005 to 2008.an increasing incidence of disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) is being reported. the purpose of this study was to determine the isolation rates of ntm from various clinical specimens, and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, over a 4-year period in shanghai.201020137367
lung disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria.although the incidence of tuberculosis has reduced in developed countries, there is a growing interest in nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) as a cause of lung disease. however, ntm are a heterogeneous group and most of the data come from only three species: mycobacterium avium complex, mycobacterium kansasii and mycobacterium abscessus. still, information about these three species is confusing because it is based mainly on retrospective studies and series of clinical cases performed in developed ...201020154623
[significance of local and general risk factors for the pathogenesis of pulmonary, non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis in non-aids patients].pre-existing underlying bronchopulmonary diseases and relative impairments of the immune system are risk factors that predispose to the development of pulmonary infections with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm), even if the impairment is not severe.201020419626
[cutaneous and soft skin infections due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria].the frequency of isolation as well as the number of species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) has increased in the last years. nearly every pathogenic species of ntm may cause skin and soft tissue infections, but rapidly growing mycobacteria (mycobacterium fortuitum, mycobacterium chelonae and mycobacterium abscessus), mycobacterium marinum and mycobacterium ulcerans are the most commonly involved. many of these cutaneous mycobacteriosis, such as rapidly growing mycobacteria, m. marinum, myc ...201020172423
mycobacterium xenopi: evidence for increased rate of clinical isolation.in light of recent reports of increased isolation of m. xenopi, we reviewed the number of m. xenopi isolates in a hospital setting over five years. a total of 133 isolates from 100 patients were reported, of these isolates, 8 were reported over the first two years, 21 isolates in the third year, 47 isolates in year four and 57 isolates in year five. the specimen sources were mainly respiratory specimens; however a few specimens were isolated from other sources. clinical data on 12 patients with ...200923675124
mycobacterium xenopi pulmonary infection resulting in self-limited immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an hiv-1 infected patient.highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) has been shown to induce a major and durable viral load reduction accompanied by a stable cd4 increase. this process may evolve with adverse clinical phenomena, known as the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (iris). in the hiv population, non-tuberculous mycobacteria are a common cause of iris. however, only a few cases of mycobacterium xenopi associated iris have been described. this paper concerns a case of m. xenopi pulmonary infection re ...200920128450
fatal pulmonary mycobacterium xenopi in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving etanercept.in this case study, a 71 year old man with emphysema and severe rheumatoid arthritis, previously treated with a tnf+¦ receptor antagonist, presented with progressive dyspnoea and weight loss. thoracic imaging revealed extensive destruction of the left lung and this was associated with positive mycobacterium xenopi cultures from respiratory samples. anti-mycobacterial chemoptherapy was poorly tolerated and the patient subsequently died from respiratory failure and generalised wasting.200921686534
mycobacterium xenopi pulmonary infections: a multicentric retrospective study of 136 cases in north-east france.owing to its low incidence, the management of mycobacterium xenopi pulmonary infections is not clearly defined. a multicentre retrospective study was performed to describe the features of the disease and to evaluate its prognosis.200919052044
unreliable detection of mycobacterium xenopi by the nonradiometric bactec mgit 960 culture system.from june 2006 to december 2007, 3,648 clinical specimens consecutively received for mycobacterial culture were investigated. each processed sample was inoculated into bactec mgit 960 liquid medium and a löwenstein-jensen slant. tubes that were flagged as positive by the instrument as well as those determined to be negative after 42 days of incubation were removed, visually inspected for growth, and checked for the presence of acid-fast bacilli. three hundred sixty-nine mycobacterial strains wer ...200919144802
mycobacterium xenopi pulmonary disease - epidemiology and clinical features in non-immunocompromised patients.the genus mycobacterium has more than 120 well-characterized species. although the incidence of tuberculosis has decreased over the studied period, other, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are isolated more often. since, mycobacterium xenopi is the most frequent ntm isolate in croatia we studied its epidemiology and clinical relevance.200919195711
semisynthesis of membrane-attached prion proteins.conversion of cellular prion protein (prp(c)) into the pathological conformer (prp(sc)) is the hallmark of prion diseases and has been studied extensively by using recombinantly expressed prp (rprp). because of the inherent difficulties of expressing and purifying posttranslationally modified rprp variants only a limited amount of data is available for membrane-associated prp and its behavior in vitro and in vivo. protein semisynthesis provides two alternative routes to access multimilligram amo ...200919632475
[radiographic findings of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis other than mycobacterium avium complex].almost all nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) cause opportunistic infection. therefore, the radiographic findings of ntm have a tendency of nonspecific patterns modifying the predisposing conditions or diseases and we could not extract species specific radiographic characterizations in that situations. in this review, the ntm cases without predisposing conditions or diseases are submitted essentially. mycobacterium kansasii cases show more or less the same patterns with tb cases. mycobacterium fo ...200919764463
pulmonary mycobacterium xenopi infection in non-hiv-infected patients: a systematic review.the incidence of mycobacterium xenopi infections is increasing worldwide. the characteristics and optimal management of patients with pulmonary m. xenopi infections have not been well established.200919793424
current treatment of atypical mycobacteriosis.atypical mycobacteria are a heterogeneous group of organisms that are of increasing importance because of the growing number of infections they cause. this rising rate of infection is due mainly to the increase in the number of susceptible (and especially immunosuppressed) patients.200919929702
non-tuberculous mycobacteria in the sputum of hiv-infected patients: infection or colonization?it can be difficult to establish the clinical significance of the isolation of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) from the sputum of hiv-infected patients. in this observational study, we have investigated factors associated with having ntm infection. during the period of the study, 10 patients had ntm infection and 14 had ntm colonization. factors associated with having ntm infections were: cd4 lymphocyte count <50 cells/ml (odds ratio [or] 10; 95% confidence interval [ci] 1.4-69.3), haemoglobi ...200919255269
lung cavitation due to mycobacterium xenopi in a renal transplant recipient.mycobacterium xenopi is an unusual pathogen and few such cases have been reported in the literature. we report the case of a patient with a sirolimus-based immunosuppressive regimen, who developed lung cavitation. m. xenopi was isolated from the sputum. the patient was treated initially with rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide; levofloxacin was added to the treatment regimen after m. xenopi was demonstrated. a possible relationship between sirolimus and m. xenopi infection has been postulate ...200919298241
mycobacterium noviomagense sp. nov.; clinical relevance evaluated in 17 patients.eighteen isolates of a nonchromogenic, slowly growing, non-tuberculous species of the genus mycobacterium were cultured from respiratory specimens obtained over the last eight years from 17 patients in the netherlands. these isolates were grouped because they revealed a unique 16s rrna gene sequence and were related to mycobacterium xenopi. none of the 17 patients met the american thoracic society diagnostic criteria for non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease, which distinguishes the novel isolat ...200919329618
tracheal granuloma because of infection with a novel mycobacterial species in an old fiv-positive cat.a 15-year-old domestic shorthair feline immunodeficiency virus-positive cat was presented with a five day history of productive cough and acute respiratory distress. physical examination revealed inspiratory dyspnoea and diffuse gingivostomatitis. radiographs showed an intratracheal mass located at the level of the sixth and the seventh cervical vertebrae. bronchoscopy revealed a unique intratracheal mass occluding about 85 per cent of the tracheal lumen. the tracheal mass was removed bronchosco ...200919261085
mycobacterium xenopi clinical relevance and determinants, the netherlands.in the netherlands, isolation of mycobacterium xenopi is infrequent, and its clinical relevance is often uncertain. to determine clinical relevance and determinants, we retrospectively reviewed medical files of all patients in the netherlands in whom m. xenopi was isolated from january 1999 through march 2005 by using diagnostic criteria for nontuberculous mycobacterial infection published by the american thoracic society. we found 49 patients, mostly white men, with an average age of 60 years a ...200818325251
chronic disseminated mycobacterium xenopi infection in a cat with idiopathic cd4+ t lymphocytopenia. 200818482275
[a possible case of pulmonary infection due to mycobacterium heckenshornense].a 68-year-old man with emphysema was admitted with cough and bloody sputum. chest radiography revealed infiltrative shadows in the right upper lung. microbiologically, an acid-fast bacillus was detected in the culture of sputum (gaffky (+)), but both tuberculosis bacillus (tb) and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were negative by the pcr method. combination chemotherapy, which included isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyradinamide, was initiated under a tentative diagnosis of tb. his clini ...200819195204
site-specific chemical modification of proteins with a prelabelled cysteine tag using the artificially split mxe gyra intein.the selective modification of proteins with a synthetic probe is of central interest for many aspects of protein chemistry. we have recently reported a new approach in which a short cysteine-containing tag (cystag) fused to one part of a split intein is first modified with a sulfhydryl-reactive probe. in a second step, protein trans-splicing is used to link the labelled cystag to a target protein that has been expressed in fusion with the complementary split intein fragment. here, we present the ...200818756552
incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria in four hot water systems using various types of disinfection.the objective of this study was to determine the incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) in hot water systems of 4 selected hospital settings. the hospitals provided the following types of disinfection for their hot water systems: hydrogen peroxide and silver, thermal disinfection, chlorine dioxide, and no treatment (control). in each building, 6 samples were collected from 5 sites during a 3 month period. ntm were detected in 56 (46.7%) of 120 samples; the cfu counts ranged from 10 to 16 ...200818997845
spondylodiscitis caused by mycobacterium xenopi.the infection with non-tuberculous mycobacterium correlates highly with immunodeficiency. mycobacterium xenopi (m. xenopi) is most commonly isolated in the respiratory tract, as a cause of endogenous spondylodiscitis it occurs but rarely. only seven such cases have been reported in literature. in this paper, we present the case of an about 28-year-old hiv-positive patient with a long history of back pain. mri of the spinal column and positron emission tomography with (18)f-fluorodeoxyglucose as ...200818193243
surgical treatment of pulmonary diseases due to nontuberculous mycobacteria.although the treatment of pulmonary diseases due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) requires the long-term use of antibiotics in combination, the treatment success rates are unsatisfactory. we evaluated the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of 23 patients with ntm lung diseases who had underwent pulmonary resection. the median age of the patients was 45 yr. of the 23 patients, 10 had mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection, 12 had m. abscessus infection, and one had m ...200818583873
concomitant use of voriconazole and rifabutin in a patient with multiple infections.abstract concomitant administration of azole antifungal agents and rifamycins is contraindicated because an interaction between these drugs results in subtherapeutic azole concentrations. we describe a 30-year-old woman with severe pulmonary disease associated with mycobacterium xenopi and aspergillus fumigatus, necessitating simultaneous antimycobacterial and antifungal therapy. she was treated with rifabutin-the rifamycin with the least cytochrome p450 (cyp) enzyme induction-and therapeutic dr ...200818657024
catheter-related leuconostoc bacteremia secondary to pulmonary mycobacterium xenopi infection.infection caused by leuconostoc spp. is very rare. we report a case of leuconostoc bacteremia in a patient receiving antimycobacterial chemotherapy for pulmonary mycobacterium xenopi infection. in addition, the patient presented several known characteristic predisposing factors associated with leuconostoc infection, such as severe underlying disease, previous long-term antibiotic treatment, indwelling intravascular catheter, prolonged parenteral feeding, previous methicillin-resistant staphyloco ...200718043889
[peculiar "chestnuts in burrs" formation in mgit cultures of pulmonary mycobacterium xenopi cases].we report 3 patients whose sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) cultures for acid fast bacteria in mgit liquid media grew colonies of mycobacterium xenopi (m. xenopi) with a characteristic chestnut burr like appearance. patients i, ii, and iii were a 74-year-old man, 47-year-old woman, and 62-year-old woman, respectively. chest x ray showed a pulmonary cavity in each case. patient i had a history of pulmonary and renal tuberculosis. the past medical history of patient ii was unremarkab ...200718283860
mycobacterium heckeshornense: an emerging pathogen responsible for a recurrent lung infection.mycobacterium heckeshornense was responsible for a severe, recurrent and chronic pulmonary infection in an immunocompetent 65-year-old woman. the pathogen, initially identified as mycobacterium xenopi and considered as a contaminant, led to a delayed adapted antimicrobial treatment. although m. heckeshornense is phenotypically closely related to m. xenopi, its pathogenicity is noticeably higher. accurate molecular diagnosis methods and treatment guidelines are needed to improve the management of ...200716698085
pulmonary disease caused by mycobacterium xenopi: the first case in korea.mycobacterium xenopi is a nontuberculous mycobacterium (ntm) that rarely causes pulmonary disease in asia. here we describe the first case of m. xenopi pulmonary disease in korea. a 66-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a 2-month history of productive cough and hemoptysis. his past medical history included pulmonary tuberculosis 44 years earlier, leading to a right upper lobectomy. chest x-ray upon admission revealed cavitary consolidation involving the entire right lung. numerous ac ...200717963348
interactions between mycobacterium xenopi, amoeba and human cells.outbreaks due to mycobacterium xenopi have been linked with contaminated water. m. xenopi has been shown to interact with the biofilm formed in water distribution systems and to be hosted by free-living acanthamoeba. the present study investigated the interaction between m. xenopi and a. polyphaga amoeba, and between m. xenopi and human fibroblast hel cells. examination using the light microscopy together with electronic and confocal microscopy demonstrated that m. xenopi was located within the ...200717174443
non-tuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary infection: management and follow-up of 31 infected patients.the global number of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) pulmonary infections is increasing. treatment decisions and management are difficult and the prognosis of these infections has been rarely evaluated.200717360040
[pulmonary infections with mycobacterium xenopi in patients without hiv infection].to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, microbiological features and outcome of mycobacterium xenopi infections in patients attending a university hospital.200717417167
utility of gas chromatography for rapid identification of mycobacterial species frequently encountered in clinical laboratory.over the last years, the clinical importance of mycobacteria has been raised. in this regard, it is important their identification in order to establish either the clinical significance or the appropriate therapy of the disease. biochemical tests are usually time consuming until the report of results, that is why more rapid techniques are needed. as an alternative identification method, we have used a commercially available system for microbial identification based on whole cellular fatty acids ...200717098312
a paradigm for the molecular identification of mycobacterium species in a routine diagnostic laboratory.the aim of this study was to improve the identification of mycobacterium species in the context of a uk teaching hospital. real-time pcr assays were established to enable the rapid differentiation between mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) complex and mycobacterium species other than tuberculosis (mott), followed by 16s rrna gene sequencing for the speciation of mott. real-time pcr assays gave comparable results to those from the reference laboratory. the implementation of these pcr assays using a ...200717446280
fatal pulmonary mycobacterium xenopi in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving etanercept.mycobacterium xenopi is a water-related mycobacterium with low pathogenicity in humans. little is known about the association between anti-tumour necrosis factor (tnf)alpha and non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections. the case history is presented of fatal m xenopi infection in a patient receiving anti-tnfalpha treatment.200717687101
[hemoptysis in a young immunocompetent woman]. 200717692216
genetic basis for natural and acquired resistance to the diarylquinoline r207910 in mycobacteria.the atpe gene encoding the subunit c of the atp synthase of mycobacterium tuberculosis, the target of the new diarylquinoline drug r207910, has been sequenced from in vitro mutants resistant to the drug. the previously reported mutation a63p and a new mutation, i66m, were found. the genetic diversity of atpe in 13 mycobacterial species was also investigated, revealing that the region involved in resistance to r207910 is conserved, except in mycobacterium xenopi in which the highly conserved resi ...200616870785
arthritis due to mycobacterium xenopi: a retrospective study of 7 cases in france.mycobacterium xenopi is a nontuberculous mycobacterium responsible for opportunistic and nosocomial infections, chiefly of the lung; few cases of bone and joint infection have been reported. from july 1989 through may 1993, an outbreak of 58 cases of nosocomial discitis due to m. xenopi infection following percutaneous nucleotomy occurred in a french hospital. peripheral m. xenopi arthritis seems exceedingly rare. we conducted a study to assess the epidemiological and clinical patterns of m. xen ...200616983609
asymptomatic mycobacterium xenopi lung abscess in an immunocompetent male without pre-existing lung pathology.like other non-tuberculous mycobacteria, mycobacterium xenopi infects more commonly patients with altered immune defenses. in immunocompetent individuals, infection with m. xenopi has been described in the setting of underlying lung disease. we here report the first case of m. xenopi lung abscess in a previously healthy patient with no known predisposing factors who was successfully treated with rifampin, isoniazid and ethambutol.200616798709
mycobacterium xenopi multiplies within human macrophages and enhances hiv replication in vitro.mycobacterium xenopi can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). the primary focus of this effort was to determine if m. xenopi isolates could survive and grow in human peripheral blood macrophage (mphi), and if these isolates could promote the replication of hiv-1 in vitro. m. xenopi bacilli survived and replicated 10-fold within 48 h in human mphi while avirulent mycobacterium smegmatis, did not grow within the mphi. m. ...200616371246
biodiversity of amoebae and amoeba-resisting bacteria in a hospital water network.free-living amoebae (fla) are ubiquitous organisms that have been isolated from various domestic water systems, such as cooling towers and hospital water networks. in addition to their own pathogenicity, fla can also act as trojan horses and be naturally infected with amoeba-resisting bacteria (arb) that may be involved in human infections, such as pneumonia. we investigated the biodiversity of bacteria and their amoebal hosts in a hospital water network. using amoebal enrichment on nonnutrient ...200616597941
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