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enzymatic phosphorylation of mannose by glucomannokinase from mycobacterium phlei using inorganic polyphosphate.mannose-6-phosphate is an important phosphor-sugar, which is involved in many physiological functions and it is used to treat many diseases. its production is however expensive since it requires costly substrate atp as phosphorylation agent. this study has focused upon the direct synthesis of m6p by glucomannokinase using inorganic polyphosphate without involvement of atp. the gene cloned for glucomannokinase has been sequenced from mycobacterium phlei and it is transformed into escherichia coli ...201728648175
immunogenicity and therapeutic effects of recombinant ag85ab fusion protein vaccines in mice infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis.the immune function of tuberculosis (tb) patients is disordered. by using immune regulators to assist chemotherapy for tb the curative effect might be improved. in this study, a vaccine containing mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) recombinant ag85ab fusion protein (rag85ab) was constructed and evaluated. the mice were immunized intramuscularly three times at two-week intervals with ag85ab fusion protein combined with corynebacterium parvum adjuvant (rag85ab+cp). in comparison to contr ...201728625522
the antituberculosis drug ethambutol selectively blocks apical growth in cmn group bacteria.members of the genus mycobacterium are the most prevalent cause of infectious diseases. mycobacteria have a complex cell envelope containing a peptidoglycan layer and an additional arabinogalactan polymer to which a mycolic acid bilayer is linked; this complex, multilayered cell wall composition (magp) is conserved among all cmn group bacteria. the arabinogalactan and mycolic acid synthesis pathways constitute effective drug targets for tuberculosis treatment. ethambutol (emb), a classical antit ...201728174310
efficacy of mycobacterium phlei cell wall-nucleic acid complex (mcna) in bcg-unresponsive patients.background: we have previously reported the results of a prospective multi-institutional study on the efficacy of mcna in patients who recurred after intravesical bcg treatment [1]. since that publication, a new standardized definition for bcg-unresponsiveness has been established [2]. objective: we re-analyzed the oncologic outcomes following intravesical mcna in patients classified as bcg-unresponsive according to the new definition. methods: for this analysis, we focused on the enrolled patie ...201728149937
"mycobacterium massilipolynesiensis" sp. nov., a rapidly-growing mycobacterium of medical interest related to mycobacterium phlei.in french polynesia, respiratory tract clinical isolate m26, displayed unusual phenotype and contradictory phylogenetic affiliations, suggesting a hitherto unidentified rapidly-growing mycobacterium species. the phenotype of strain m26 was further characterized and its genome sequenced. strain m26 genome consists in a 5,732,017-bp circular chromosome with a g + c% of 67.54%, comprising 5,500 protein-coding genes and 52 rna genes (including two copies of the 16 s rrna gene). one region coding for ...201728074866
detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cattle by using indirect absorbed elisa (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) system and culture in alborz province, iran.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is a slow growing, gram-positive, and acid-fast bacillus. it is the causative agent of the chronic enteritis disease of ruminants called johne's disease. most of the infected animals are young. however, most clinical cases belong to adult cattle aged 3-5years. due to a prolonged incubation period, identification of subclinically infected animals is one of the most crucial problems in johne's disease. the aim of this study was to detect m. avium subsp. ...201628043567
the effect of inhaled inactived mycobacterium phlei as a treatment for asthma.allergic asthma is a chronic airway disorder characterized by airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr). a murine model of asthma was used to examine the antiasthmatic effect of inhaled inactived mycobacterium phlei (m. phlei). ahr, neutrophil levels, eosinophil levels and levels of interleukin (il)‑17 and il‑23 receptor (il‑23r) were monitored. the results demonstrated that inactivated m. phlei alleviates the il‑17+γδt cell‑mediated immune response and atte ...201728035388
inactivated mycobacterium phlei inhalation ameliorates allergic asthma through modulating the balance of cd4+cd25+ regulatory t and th17 cells in mice.th2 response is related to the aetiology of asthma, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. to address this point, the effect of nebulized inhalation of inactivated mycobacterium phlei on modulation of asthmatic airway inflammation was investigated.201627803782
administration of mycobacterium phlei cell wall-nucleic acid complex in the immediate postoperative period for the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.this review sought to investigate the safety of intravesical administration of mycobacterium phlei cell wall-nucleic acid (mcna) in the immediate postoperative period after biopsy/resection for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (nmibc).201727800054
inhalation of inactivated‑mycobacterium phlei prevents asthma‑mediated airway hyperresponsiveness and airway eosinophilia in mice by reducing il‑5 and il‑13 levels.the present study aimed to investigate whether inhalation of inactivated‑mycobacterium phlei could prevent airway hyperresponsiveness and airway eosinophilia. a total of 24 male balb/c mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group (group a), asthma model group (group b) and the intervention group (group c), (8 mice/group). group a mice were sensitized and with challenged saline and group b with ovalbumin (ova). group c mice were administered with aerosol mycobacterium phlei ...201627779664
mycobacterium vaccae nebulization can protect against asthma in balb/c mice by regulating th9 expression.asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. cd4(+) t-helper 9 (th9) cells are closely linked to asthma, helping to regulate inflammation and immunity. epidemiological studies showed that mycobacteria infections are negatively associated with asthma. our previous research showed that inactivated mycobacterium phlei nebulization alleviated the airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation of asthma. however, the relationship between th9 cells and mycobacteria rema ...201627518187
design and stereochemical research (dft, ecd and crystal structure) of novel bedaquiline analogs as potent antituberculosis agents.a series of bedaquiline analogs containing h-bond donors were designed as anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis drugs. a pair of diastereoisomers (r/s- and s/s-isomers) was selected from these designed compounds for synthetic and stereochemical research. the title compounds were synthesized from chiral precursors for the first time and the absolute configurations (acs) were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ecd) with quantum chemical calculations. moreover, a single crystal of the s/s compo ...201627384553
effects of dietary addition of heat-killed mycobacterium phlei on growth performance, immune status and anti-oxidative capacity in early weaned piglets.the contradiction between high susceptibility of early weaned piglets to enteric pathogens and rigid restriction of antibiotic use in the diet is still prominent in the livestock production industry. to address this issue, the study was designed to replace dietary antibiotics partly or completely by an immunostimulant, namely heat-killed mycobacterium phlei (m. phlei). piglets (n = 192) were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: (1) basal diet (group a), (2) basal diet + a mixture of anti ...201627216553
trehalose polyphleates are produced by a glycolipid biosynthetic pathway conserved across phylogenetically distant mycobacteria.mycobacteria synthesize a variety of structurally related glycolipids with major biological functions. common themes have emerged for the biosynthesis of these glycolipids, including several families of proteins. genes encoding these proteins are usually clustered on bacterial chromosomal islets dedicated to the synthesis of one glycolipid family. here, we investigated the function of a cluster of five genes widely distributed across non-tuberculous mycobacteria. using defined mutant analysis an ...201627028886
the mycobacterium phlei genome: expectations and surprises.mycobacterium phlei, a nontuberculosis mycobacterial species, was first described in 1898-1899. we present the complete genome sequence for them. phlei ccug21000(t)type strain and the draft genomes for four additional strains. the genome size for all five is 5.3 mb with 69.4% guanine-cytosine content. this is ≈0.35 mbp smaller than the previously reported m. phlei rivm draft genome. the size difference is attributed partly to large bacteriophage sequence fragments in them. phlei rivm genome. com ...201626941228
mycobacterium phlei cell wall-nucleic acid complex in the treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer unresponsive to bacillus calmette-guerin.current guidelines recommend cystectomy in patients with high risk nmibc who fail to respond to bcg. however due to the significant morbidity and mortality of the procedure, many are not candidates or refuse it. no new treatments for this indication have been approved by the us fda since 1998.201626865049
genome sequence of mycobacteriophage cabrinians.mycobacteriophage cabrinians is a newly isolated phage capable of infecting both mycobacterium phlei and mycobacterium smegmatis and was recovered from a soil sample in new york city, ny. cabrinians has a genome length of 56,669 bp, encodes 101 predicted proteins, and is a member of mycobacteriophages in cluster f.201626847904
tafuketide, a phylogeny-guided discovery of a new polyketide from talaromyces funiculosus salicorn 58.a phylogeny-guided approach was applied to screen endophytic fungi containing type i polyketide synthase (pks i) biosynthetic gene sequences and aimed to correlate genotype to chemotype for the discovery of novel bioactive polyketides. salicorn 58, which was identified as talaromyces funiculosus based on its internal transcribed spacer (its) and ribosomal large-subunit (lsu) dna sequences, showed significant target bands. a chemical investigation of the culture of salicorn 58 was allowed for the ...201626810200
combined genetic and bioactivity-based prioritization leads to the isolation of an endophyte-derived antimycobacterial compound.to initiate a genetic and bioactivity-based screening programme of culturable endophytes to identify micro-organisms capable of producing bioactive polyketides and peptides.201626785029
intravesical immunotherapy in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.nonmuscle invasive urothelial cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignancy of the urinary bladder. the high recurrence rate (up to 80%) and risk of progression (up to 30%) reflect the need for long-term follow-up and sometimes multiple interventions. to reduce the rate of recurrences and tumor progression, intravesical immunotherapy, especially the use of bacille calmette-guerin (bcg), represents the gold standard adjuvant treatment of high-risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (nmibc). this ...201726604441
the yhs-domain of an adenylyl cyclase from mycobacterium phlei is a probable copper-sensor module.yhs-domains are small protein modules which have been proposed to bind transition-metal ions like the related trash-domains. they are found in a variety of enzymes including copper-transporting atpases and adenylyl cyclases. here we investigate a class iiic adenylyl cyclase from mycobacterium phlei which contains a c-terminal yhs-domain linked to the catalytic domain by a peptide of 8 amino acids. we expressed the isolated catalytic domain and the full-length enzyme in e. coli. the catalytic dom ...201526512893
genome sequence of a cluster a13 mycobacteriophage detected in mycobacterium phlei over a half century ago.a phage infecting mycobacterium phlei was isolated in 1958 from a soil sample in hungary. some physicochemical and biological properties of the virus were described in independent studies over the years. here, we report the genome sequence of this early mycobacteriophage isolate. the phlei phage genome measured 50,418 bp, had a gc content of 60.1 % and was predicted to encode 81 proteins and three trnas. phylogeny of the tape measure protein revealed genetic relatedness to other early isolates o ...201626446886
proteomics approach to understand reduced clearance of mycobacteria and high viral titers during hiv-mycobacteria co-infection.environmental mycobacteria, highly prevalent in natural and artificial (including chlorinated municipal water) niches, are emerging as new threat to human health, especially to hiv-infected population. these seemingly harmless non-pathogenic mycobacteria, which are otherwise cleared, establish as opportunistic infections adding to hiv-associated complications. although immune-evading strategies of pathogenic mycobacteria are known, the mechanisms underlying the early events by which opportunisti ...201626332641
seroprevalence of igg1 and igg4 class antibodies against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in japanese population.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the established causative agent of johne's disease in cattle and other ruminants, and it has also been speculated to be a putative etiological agent of several human autoimmune diseases. it is acknowledged that dairy products deriving from infected animals play a role (could be vehicles) in exposing humans to map. map could stimulate the human immune system by means of their complex antigen (in the case of lipids, multivalent antigens) and may ...201526267654
in vivo short-term exposure to residual oil fly ash impairs pulmonary innate immune response against environmental mycobacterium infection.epidemiological studies have shown that pollution derived from industrial and vehicular transportation induces adverse health effects causing broad ambient respiratory diseases. therefore, air pollution should be taken into account when microbial diseases are evaluated. environmental mycobacteria (em) are opportunist pathogens that can affect a variety of immune compromised patients, which impacts significantly on human morbidity and mortality. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ...201525915594
antimicrobial activity of natural products from the flora of northern ontario, canada.the number of multidrug resistant (mdr) microorganisms is increasing and the antimicrobial resistance expressed by these pathogens is generating a rising global health crisis. in fact, there are only a few antimicrobial agents left that can be used against mdr bacteria and fungi.201525697605
synthesis and antimycobacterial evaluation of natural oridonin and its enmein-type derivatives.a series of enmein-type derivatives were synthesized and assayed for their antimycobacterial effects. the structures of the synthesized compounds were established by (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr and mass spectral analysis. all the compounds were screened for their antimycobacterial properties against mycobacterium phlei, mycobacterium smegmatis and mycobacterium marinum. compounds 2, 6g and 6i were found to exhibit potent antimycobacterial activity against m. phlei at a concentration of 0.5 μg/ml, which ...201425316557
efficacy and safety of mcna in patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer at high risk for recurrence and progression after failed treatment with bacillus calmette-guérin.patients with high risk recurrences after bacillus calmette-guérin failure have limited options. we performed an open label study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravesical mcna in this setting.201525286009
the application of metabolite profiling to mycobacterium spp.: determination of metabolite changes associated with growth.in order to decipher the complex biological networks underlying biochemical and physiological processes, cellular regulation at all levels must be studied. the metabolites determined by metabolomics represent the end-point of cellular regulation and thus vital components of any integrative network. in the case of pathogenic agents such as mycobacterium tuberculosis metabolomics offers an ideal opportunity to gain a better understanding of how this species adapts to environmental conditions and a ...201425108291
design, synthesis and antimycobacterial activity evaluation of natural oridonin derivatives.in an effort to develop novel potent antitubercular drugs, thirty-one oridonin derivatives were designed and prepared. all the compounds obtained were screened for their in vitro activities against mycobacterium phlei, mycobacterium smegmatis and mycobacterium marinum. among them, thirteen compounds showed significant inhibitory activity against m. phlei with mics less than 2 μg/ml. compounds 2k, 8d, 10c, 10d containing trans-cinnamic acid moiety were the most potent (mic=0.5 μg/ml), comparable ...201424835198
the influence of culture conditions on the identification of mycobacterium species by maldi-tof ms profiling.matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) represents a simple reliable approach for rapid bacterial identification based on specific peptide/protein fingerprints. however, cell-wall characteristics of mycobacterial species, and their well known stability, complicate maldi-tof ms profiling analysis. in this study, we tested two recently published protocols for inactivation and disruption of mycobacteria, and we also examined the influence of diffe ...201424571790
a pks i gene-based screening approach for the discovery of a new polyketide from penicillium citrinum salicorn 46.salicorn 46, an endophytic fungus isolated from salicornia herbacea torr., was identified as penicillium citrinum based on its internal transcribed spacer and ribosomal large-subunit dna sequences using a type i polyketide synthase (pks i) gene screening approach. a new polyketide, penicitriketo (1), and seven known compounds, including ergone (2), (3β,5α,8α,22e)-5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,9,22-trien-3-ol (3), (3β,5α,8α,22e)-5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol (4), stigmasta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6α-triol ...201424535256
synthesis, structure-activity relationship of iodinated-4-aryloxymethyl-coumarins as potential anti-cancer and anti-mycobacterial agents.a series of new iodinated-4-aryloxymethylcoumarins 6, 8 and 10 have been obtained from the reaction of various 4-bromomethylcoumarins 4 with 2-iodophenol 5, 3-iodophenol 7 and 4-iodophenol 9 respectively. all the title compounds were screened for anticancer activity against two cancer cell lines (mda-mb human adenocarcinoma mammary gland and a-549 human lung carcinoma) and two mycobacterial strains (mycobacterium tuberculosis h₃₇ rv and mycobacterium phlei). the sar results indicate that nine co ...201424463645
inhaled inactivated-mycobacterium phlei modulates γδt cell function and alleviates airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma.mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) and other mycobacterial infections suppress airway hyperresponsiveness and eosinophilic inflammation in asthma.γδt cells are important modulators of airway function and allergic inflammation. vγ1+γδt cells increase eosinophilic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness, while vγ4+γδt reduce airway hyperresponsiveness. the objective of this investigation was to determine the role of γδt cells and its subsets in the treatment of inhaled in ...201324383971
[effect of mycobacterium phlei f.u.36 on balance of cd4⁺cd25⁺ regulatory t cells and th17 cells in asthmatic mice].to evaluate the effect of early intervention with mycobacterium phlei f.u.36 injection on the balance of cd4⁺cd25⁺ regulatory t cells and th17 cells in asthmatic mice, and to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of mycobacterium phlei f.u.36.201324229602
an alternative for the preadsorption step in the paratuberculosis serodiagnosis: mycobacterium fortuitum.elisas for paratuberculosis employ a preadsorption step with mycobacterium phlei to diminish unspecific reactions as m. fortuitum is one of the most frequent environmental mycobacteria, the purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate its use as an alternative for the preadsorption in elisas for paratuberculosis. results suggest that m. fortuitum can be an alternative instead of or associated to m. phlei with comparable results (κ > 0.8) to conventional elisas using m. phlei as a preadsorption an ...200824031256
isolation, purification and characterization of cardiolipin synthase from mycobacterium phlei {private}.it has been observed that mycobacterial species has high content of cardiolipin (cl) in their cell membranes more so pathogenic mycobacteria and in bacteria cl activates polymerases, gyrases by removing the bound adp. therefore, in the present study cardiolipin synthase (cls) which catalyses the formation of cl was isolated purified and characterized from the cell membrane of mycobacterium phlei. the purified cls obtained from c-18 rp-hplc column had a molecular weight of 58 kda with an isoelect ...201323930021
doubly prenylated tryptamines: cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity and cyclisation to the marine natural product flustramine a.the marine natural product flustramine a was synthesised via oxidative cyclisation of nb-methylated 1-prenyl-2-tert-prenyl-6-bromotryptamine and subsequent reduction of the resulting amidinium salt. only the tert-prenyl group migrated, whereas the 1-prenyl group remained in place. interestingly, the 2-tert-prenylated precursor revealed to be the biologically most active of our entire series of 21 compounds. required for cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity was the presence of a non-cyclised t ...201323925418
flow cytometric detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific antibodies in experimentally infected and naturally exposed calves.a desirable test to diagnose infections with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis facilitates identification of infected cattle prior to the state of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis shedding. this study aimed at adjusting a flow cytometry (fc)-based assay, using intact m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis bacteria as the antigen, for diagnosis of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infections in calves. serum samples were collected from experimentally infected (n = 12) and naturally exposed (n ...201323885032
nontuberculous mycobacteria in respiratory samples from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the state of rondônia, brazil.the main cause of pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) is infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). we aimed to evaluate the contribution of nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) to pulmonary disease in patients from the state of rondônia using respiratory samples and epidemiological data from tb cases. mycobacterium isolates were identified using a combination of conventional tests, polymerase chain reaction-based restriction enzyme analysis of hsp65 gene and hsp65 gene sequencing. among the 1,812 ca ...201323827995
antigenicity in sheep of synthetic peptides derived from stress-regulated mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins and comparison with recombinant protein and complex native antigens.serum antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is the most commonly used test for diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in ruminants. however, the assay requires serum preabsorption with mycobacterium phlei proteins to reduce cross reactions potentially contributed by the exposure of livestock to environmental mycobacteria. to trial the discovery of novel antigens which do not require serum absorption, synthetic map-specific peptides were selected based on in silic ...201423815825
aromatic polyketides from a sponge-derived fungus metarhizium anisopliae mxh-99 and their antitubercular activities.in our screening for antitubercular agents, five naphtho-γ-pyrones including two new naphtho-γ-pyrones glycosides, indigotides g and h (1 and 2), and two diphenyl ethers were isolated from the extract of a sponge-derived fungus metarhizium anisopliae mxh-99. their structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. the antitubercular activities of all the compounds were evaluated against mycobacterium phlei. the known isochaetochromin b2 (6) and ustilaginoidin d (7) ...201323463335
effect of inhaled inactivated mycobacterium phlei in children with moderate asthma.bacillus calmette-guérin and other mycobacterial vaccines are important therapeutic methods in a series of chronic inflammatory disorders characterized by th1/th2 imbalance in which th2 type cells and cytokines often increase. however, few studies have investigated whether it can reduce or prevent the symptoms and attacks in children with asthma. this study evaluated the effect of inactivated mycobacterium phlei inhaled by an atomizing device placed on asthmatic children. in this randomized, sin ...201323413910
complete genome sequence of mycobacterium phlei type strain rivm601174.mycobacterium phlei is a rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium species that is typically nonpathogenic, with few reported cases of human disease. here we report the whole genome sequence of m. phlei type strain rivm601174.201222628511
antimicrobial action of the leaf extract of moringa oleifera lam.the ethnolic extract of the leaves of moringa oleifera lam. (fam. moringaceae) was tested for antimicrobial activities against gram positive - bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis staphylococcus aureus, sarcina lutea: gram negative - escherichia coli and acid fast mycobacterium phlei. significant antimicrobial activity of the extract was found in this study.199522556699
low levels of residual oil fly ash (rofa) impair innate immune response against environmental mycobacteria infection in vitro.epidemiological studies have shown that pollution derived from industrial and vehicular transportation provokes adverse health effects causing broad spectrum of ambient respiratory diseases. therefore, air pollution should be taken into account when microbial diseases are evaluated. environmental mycobacteria (em) are opportunist pathogens in a variety of immunocompromised patients eliciting significant impact on human morbidity and mortality. the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro e ...201222548959
therapeutic effects of inhaled inactivated mycobacterium phlei in adult patients with moderate persistent asthma.bcg and other mycobacterial infections suppress airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammation in asthma models; however, its efficacy in human populations remains controversial. we use inactivated mycobacterium phlei by way of atomizing inhalation to investigate whether it would protect against asthma in adult patients. patients with newly diagnosed, uncontrolled, moderate persistent bronchial asthma were randomly divided into two groups. the patients in group a were treated with a solution of in ...201222512632
antimicrobial activity of new phorbins from jatropha curcas linn. (euphorbiaceae) leaves.the crude methanol extract of jatropha curcas leaves exhibited activity against staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, mycobacterium phlei, candida albicans, and trichophyton mentagrophytes but was inactive against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and saccharomyces cerevisiae. in a bioassay-directed fractionation, two new phorbins were isolated and analysed by spectroscopic methods. isolate 1 was characterized as an analogue of pheophytin b with a phytyl moiety containing three doubl ...201122191207
Effects of Inhaled Inactivated Mycobacterium phlei on Airway Inflammation in Mouse Asthmatic Models.Abstract Background: Corticosteroids are the most efficacious anti-inflammatory drugs for asthma therapy; however, steroids are not always completedly effective for asthma. Studies have shown Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and other mycobacterial infections suppress airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in asthma. We use a murine model of Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma to study whether nebulized inhalation of inactivated Mycobacterium phlei can alleviate asthmatic airw ...201122149063
mycobacterium phlei, a previously unreported cause of pacemaker infection: thinking outside the box in cardiac device infections.the increased use of cardiac rhythm management devices has led to an increase in cardiac device-related infections (cdi). staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis account for the vast majority of cdi. cdi due to rapidly growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria is very rare, with only about ten cases having been reported. we report a case of pacemaker pocket infection with mycobacterium phlei. there are only three published reports of human infection involving this typically non-pathogenic organism. to ...201122113758
[effects of mycobacterium phlei f.u.36 on regulatory t cells and tlr4 expression in asthmatic mice].to study the effects of early intervention on cd4+cd25+ regulatory t cells and tlr4 expression with mycobacterium phlei f.u.36 in asthmatic mice.201122099205
hle-inhibitory alkaloids with a polyketide skeleton from the marine-derived fungus coniothyrium cereale.the marine endophytic fungus coniothyrium cereale produces the structurally unusual polyketide-type alkaloids (-)-cereolactam (1) and (-)-cereoaldomine (3), incorporating a lactam and an imine functionality, respectively, as well as the related metabolite (-)-trypethelone (2). compounds 1 and 3 showed selective inhibition of human leukocyte elastase with ic50 values of 9.28 and 3.01 μm, respectively. compound 2 was found to be inhibitory toward mycobacterium phlei, staphylococcus aureus, and esc ...201121923104
interaction of n-methyl-2-alkenyl-4-quinolones with atp-dependent mure ligase of mycobacterium tuberculosis: antibacterial activity, molecular docking and inhibition kinetics.objectives the aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the antibacterial activity and mure inhibition of a set of n-methyl-2-alkenyl-4-quinolones found to inhibit the growth of fast-growing mycobacteria. methods using the spot culture growth inhibition assay, mics were determined for mycobacterium tuberculosis h(37)rv, mycobacterium bovis bcg and mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2)155. mics were determined for mycobacterium fortuitum, mycobacterium phlei, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus ...201121622974
synthesis of n-substituted 2-[(1e)-alkenyl]-4-(1h)-quinolone derivatives as antimycobacterial agents against non-tubercular mycobacteria.in an effort to improve biological activities and to examine antimycobacterial-lipophilicity relationships of 2-[(1e)-alkenyl)]-4-(1h)-quinolones, we have synthesized a series of 30 quinolones by introducing several alkyl groups, an alkenyl and an alkynyl group at n-1. all synthetic compounds were first tested in vitro against mycobacterium smegmatis and the most active compounds (mic values ~3.0-7.0 µm) were further examined against three other rapidly growing strains of mycobacteria using a mi ...201121429630
transposon mutagenesis in mycobacteria using conditionally replicating mycobacteriophages.genetic analyses of pathogenic mycobacteria such as mycobacterium tubeculosis and mycobacterium bovis required improvement of existing methodologies for the generation of large representative libraries of mutants. two basic methodologies have been used to generate mutant libraries in both fast- and slow-growing mycobacteria: chemical mutagenesis and transposon mutagenesis. chemical mutagenesis has successfully been used to produce different auxotrophic mutants in the fast growing mycobacteria my ...200121341068
mycobacterial strains that stimulate the immune system most efficiently as candidates for the treatment of bladder cancer.intravesical bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) application is widely used in the treatment of superficial bladder carcinoma. despite being an effective therapy, the pathogenicity and lethal side effects of bcg limits its usage. intensive research has been carried out to find less toxic and more potent therapeutic agents for the treatment of bladder cancer. researchers have focused on mycobacterium phlei as an alternative. the cell wall extract of m. phlei is sufficient for antitumoral activity. our ...201121335976
selective adsorption of mycobacterium phlei on pyrite and sphalerite.the adsorption of mycobacterium phlei cells on the surfaces of pyrite and sphalerite was studied as functions of time and ph. the results indicated that a higher amount of cells adsorbing onto pyrite compared with that onto sphalerite under neutral and alkaline conditions, and it was also observed from photographs of scanning electron micrograph. to gain a better insight into the mechanisms of differential adsorption, the functional groups on cell surfaces and the chemical states of each element ...201021195591
antimicrobial phenalenone derivatives from the marine-derived fungus coniothyrium cereale.the marine-derived fungus coniothyrium cereale was isolated from the green alga enteromorpha sp. and found to produce the new phenalenone derivatives 1-7 as well as the known compounds lactone 8, (-) sclerodin (9), lamellicolic anhydride (10), (-) scleroderolide (11), and (-) sclerodione (12). the structures of these closely related compounds were established from extensive spectroscopic investigations on the basis of one and two dimensional nmr spectroscopic studies ((1)h, (13)c, cosy, noesy, h ...201021103541
toadstools and mushrooms as a source of antibacterial substances active against mycobacterium phlei and bact. typhosum. 194621024275
clinicopathologic characteristics of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in taiwan.taiwan is an endemic area for tuberculosis (tb), and the incidence of pulmonary infection caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntms) is also increasing. this study aims to investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with ntm lung disease during 1998 to 2007 at a medical center in taiwan. the medical records of patients with confirmed ntm pulmonary infections who underwent open lung surgery in a medical center were reviewed. twenty-four patients with confirmed ntm pulmonary in ...201020846814
absorbed evelisa: a diagnostic test with improved specificity for johne's disease in cattle.the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) is recommended for johne's disease (jd) control in dairy herds. in 2006, we developed a novel elisa test for jd, named evelisa (elisa using ethanol extract of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis), which showed higher sensitivity than commercial elisa tests. to further investigate the performance of evelisa, we obtained 38 serum samples from cattle in a jd-free herd with suspected cases of serological false-positive reactions. when th ...201020704508
monophosphoryl lipid a (mpl) as an adjuvant for anti-cancer vaccines: clinical results.as technological advances allow for the identification of tumor-associated antigens (taas) against which adaptive immune responses can be raised, efforts to develop vaccines for the treatment of cancer continue to gain momentum. some of these vaccines target differentiation antigens that are expressed by tumors derived from one particular tissue (e. g., melan-a/ mart-1, tyrosinase, gp 100). some target antigens are specificallyexpressed in tumors of different types but not in normal tissues (e. ...201020665204
gut bacterium of dendrobaena veneta (annelida: oligochaeta) possesses antimycobacterial activity.the new bacterial strain with antimycobacterial activity has been isolated from the midgut of dendrobaena veneta (annelida). biochemical and molecular characterization of isolates from 18 individuals identified all as raoultella ornithinolytica genus with 99% similarity. the bacterium is a possible symbiont of the earthworm d. veneta. the isolated microorganism has shown the activity against four strains of fast-growing mycobacteria: mycobacterium butiricum, mycobacterium jucho, mycobacterium sm ...201020452357
effect of heat killed mycobacterium phlei on body weight gain and management of caecal coccidiosis in broiler chickens.the objective of this study was to evaluate the immunotherapeutic potential of heat killed mycobacterium phlei in broiler chicken against experimentally produced eimeria tenella infection. the selected dose of e. tenella oocyst (5x10(3) sporulated oocysts per bird) was capable of producing a mild form of caecal coccidiosis as observed by significant difference in body weight gain, clinical findings and caecal lesion score. heat killed m. phlei was fed orally at 10 mg per bird with sterile pbs ve ...201020347460
separation and properties of polyhydric alcohol dehydrogenases from mycobacterium sp. 279 and mycobacterium phlei.glucose- or polyol-grown mycobacteria were disrupted by ultrasonication and cell-free extracts fractionated with ammonium sulfate, sephadex g-100 and deae-cellulose chromatography. in various enzyme preparations, nad-coupled polyol dehydrogenase activities were determined spectrophotometrically at 340 nm. evidence is presented forthe occurrence of three types of enzymes called after the most active substrates: ribitol dehydrogenase, d-arabitol dehydrogenase and d-sorbitol dehydrogenase. the enzy ...198019852109
biosynthesis of mannophosphoinositides by mycobacterium phlei. the family of dimannophosphoinositides. 1967. biosynthesis of mannophosphoinositides by mycobacterium phlei. enzymatic acylation of the dimannophosphoinositides. 1968. 200919774728
antimycobacterial terpenoids from juniperus communis l. (cuppressaceae).juniperus communis is a plant which has been reported as a traditional cure for tuberculosis (tb) and other respiratory diseases.200919755141
clinical and subclinical endometritis in the mare: both threats to fertility.endometritis, a major cause of mare infertility arising from failure to remove bacteria, spermatozoa and inflammatory exudate post-breeding, is often undiagnosed. defects in genital anatomy, myometrial contractions, lymphatic drainage, mucociliary clearance, cervical function, plus vascular degeneration and inflamm-ageing underlie susceptibility to endometritis. diagnosis is made through detecting uterine fluid, vaginitis, vaginal discharge, short inter-oestrous intervals, inflammatory uterine c ...200919660076
pharmacokinetic of ala and h-ala induced porphyrins in the models mycobacterium phlei and mycobacterium smegmatis.photodynamic inactivation (pdi) of bacterial strains presents an attractive potential alternative to antibiotic therapies. success is dependent on the effective accumulation in bacterial cells of photochemical substances called photosensitizers, which are usually porphyrins. it is also important to know the distribution of the photosensitizer in bacteria at the microscopic level. the present results examine the accumulation of photosensitizers by mycobacterium phlei and mycobacterium smegmatis, ...200919648025
microorganisms recognition and quantification by lectin adsorptive affinity impedance.lectin-based screen-printed gold electrodes are reported for the impedimetric label-free detection of bacteria. the selective interaction of lectins with carbohydrate components from microorganisms surface was used as the recognition principle for their detection and identification. electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (eis) was employed for the direct label-free transduction of the bacteria-lectin binding. biotinylated concanavalin a (con a) and escherichia coli were used for the evaluation o ...200919362192
to be or not to be a compatible solute: bioversatility of mannosylglycerate and glucosylglycerate.mannosylglycerate (mg) is an intracellular organic solute found in some red algae, and several thermophilic bacteria and hyperthermophilic archaea. glucosylglycerate (gg) was identified at the reducing end of a polysaccharide from mycobacteria and in a free form in a very few mesophilic bacteria and halophilic archaea. mg has a genuine role in the osmoadaptation and possibly in thermal protection of many hyper/thermophilic bacteria and archaea, but its role in red algae, where it was identified ...200818599240
the use of a hydrophobic resin as a product reservoir in steroid transformations.particles of the hydrophobic resin polydimethylsiloxane were found to preferentially accumulate steriods on the basis of their hydrophobicity. thus, the resin selectively sorped the steroid products resulting from the transformation of diosgenin by nocardia rhodochrous, with the result that higher yields of the later biotransformation product, 1-dehydrodiosgenone, and lower yields of the first product, diosgenone, were obtained than in the absence of resin. furthermore, steroids accumulated by t ...198518553742
lectin-modified piezoelectric biosensors for bacteria recognition and quantification.the use of lectins for microorganism biosensors fabrication is proposed. lectins are immobilised onto a gold-plated quartz crystal for direct piezoelectric label-free transduction of the bacteria-lectin binding event using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (eqcm). concanavalin a (con a) and escherichia coli were used for the evaluation of the lectin immobilisation method and the biosensor performance. adsorption on nonpolarised and polarised (-0.200 v) gold-coated quartz crystals an ...200818523759
guaianolide sesquiterpenes from pulicaria crispa (forssk.) oliv.a phytochemical study of the asteraceous herb pulicaria crispa (forssk.) oliv. resulted in the characterisation of three guaianolide sesquiterpenes, 2alpha,4alpha-dihydroxy-7alphah,8alphah,10alphah-guaia-1(5),11(13)-dien-8beta,12-olide (1), 1alpha,2alpha-epoxy-4beta-hydroxy-5alphah,7alphah,8alphah,10alphah-guaia-11(13)-en-8beta,12-olide (2) and 5,10-epi-2,3-dihydroaromatin (3). the structures were assigned on the basis of extensive 1 and 2d nmr experiments. compound 3 exhibited weak antimycobact ...200818448140
studies on johnin; the relationship of the allergens of mycobacterum paratuberculosis, mycobacterium tuberculosis var, avium, bovis, and hominis, and mycobacterium phlei. 194918121305
[effect of mycobacterium phlei f.u.36 suspended liquor on culture and proliferation of dendritic cells derived from human umbilical cord blood in vitro].to investigate the effect of mycobacterium phlei f.u.36 suspended liquor (utilin"s", u) on the culture and proliferation of dendritic cells (dcs) derived from human umbilical cord blood in vitro, the mononuclear cells (mncs) were isolated from human umbilical cord blood and cultured with rpmi 1640 in the control group. test groups consisted of utilin"s" group (only utilin"s"), gti group (gm-csf, tnf-alpha, il-4) and gtiu group (gm-csf, tnf-alpha, il-4 and utilin"s"). mncs in all test groups were ...200718088479
thiopurine drugs azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine inhibit mycobacterium paratuberculosis growth in vitro.the in vitro susceptibility of human- and bovine-origin mycobacterium paratuberculosis to the thioupurine drugs 6-mercaptopurine (6-mp) and azathioprine (aza) was established using conventional plate counting methods and the mgit 960 paratb culture system. both 6-mp and aza had antibacterial activity against m. paratuberculosis; isolates from crohn's disease patients tended to be more susceptible than were bovine-origin isolates. isolates of mycobacterium avium, used as controls, were generally ...200818070971
novel propeptin analog, propeptin-2, missing two amino acid residues from the propeptin c-terminus loses antibiotic potency.a novel inhibitor of prolyl endopeptidase, the propeptin analog propeptin-2 (c105h130n24o(24)), missing two amino acid residues from the propeptin c-terminus was isolated from the fermentation broth of propeptin-producing microbispora sp. sna-115 grown using a large inoculum. it shows the same enzyme inhibition activity as propeptin against prolyl endopeptidase (ki=1.5 microm), but its antimicrobial activity against mycobacterium phlei is more than 100-fold lower.200717827663
microbial toxicity of pesticide derivatives produced with uv-photodegradation.our study aimed at acquiring information about the biological effect of pesticides and their degradates produced by uv-treatment on microbiological activity. five photosensitive pesticides (carbendazim, acetochlor, simazine, chlorpyrifos, eptc) and six representative soil microbes (bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas fluorescens, mycobacterium phlei, fusarium oxysporum, penicillium expansum, trichoderma harzianum) were applied throughout our model experiments. the antimicrobial effects of the pestici ...200717639315
immune parameters in mares resistant and susceptible to persistent post-breeding endometritis: effects of immunomodulation.our objective was to characterize immune parameters in susceptible (sm) and resistant (rm) mares, with and without artificial insemination (ai) and immunomodulation. eight rm and eight sm were selected based on their reproductive history and functional tests. both groups of mares were evaluated during three consecutive cycles: cycle 1, untreated cycle (control); cycle 2, ai with dead semen; cycle 3, ai with dead semen and immunomodulation. endometrial biopsies were taken during the three cycles ...200717559943
[untersuchungen zur biosynthese des vitamin k2. isolierung des aktivierten derivates der o-succinylbenzoesäure aus zellfreien extrakten von mycobacterium phlei.] 198117401912
generation of useful insertionally blocked sterol degradation pathway mutants of fast-growing mycobacteria and cloning, characterization, and expression of the terminal oxygenase of the 3-ketosteroid 9alpha-hydroxylase in mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2)155.integration of the pcg79 temperature-sensitive plasmid carrying tn611 was used to generate libraries of mutants with blocked sterol-transforming ability of the sterol-utilizing strains mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2)155 and mycobacterium phlei m51-ept. of the 10,000 insertional mutants screened from each library, 4 strains with altered activity of the sterol-degrading enzymes were identified. a blocked 4-androstene-3,17-dione-producing m. phlei mutant transformed sitosterol to 23,24-dinorcholane d ...200617021205
isolation of high-affinity single-chain antibodies against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis surface proteins from sheep with johne's disease.johne's disease, caused by infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, causes significant economic losses to the livestock farming industry. improved investigative and diagnostic tools-necessary to understand disease processes and to identify subclinical infection-are much sought after. here, we describe the production of single-chain antibodies with defined specificity for m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis surface proteins. single-chain antibodies (scfv) were generated from sheep ...200616960114
the oxidation of lactic acid by mycobacterium phlei. 194716748131
the respiration of mycobacterium phlei. 194716748129
the relation of micro-organisms to carotenoids and vitamin a: the production of carotenoids by mycobacterium phlei. 193516745939
[flotation mechanism on mycobacterium phlei and adsorption of pb2+ by collectors].the possibility of removal of heavy metals from waste water by adsorption flotation using mycobacterium phlei as adsorbent was investigated, and the collection mechanism of collectors on adsorbent was analyzed. from the single flotation tests, it shows that cationic collectors have a stronger collecting ability for mycobacterium phlei than anionic collectors. the adsorptive flotation experiment shows that floatability process occurred within 10 minutes, the recovery of mycobacterium phlei and th ...200616686201
comparative analysis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of two desulfurizing bacterial strains, mycobacterium phlei sm120-1 and mycobacterium phlei gtis10.to compare few phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of two desulfurizing bacterial strains, mycobacterium phlei sm120-1 and mycobacterium phlei gtis10.200616620207
isolation of a soluble resistance-enhancing factor from mycobacterium phlei.fox, alfred e. (warner-lambert research institute, morris plains, n.j.), joachim anschel, george l. evans, raam r. mohan, and benjamin s. schwartz. isolation of a soluble resistance-enhancing factor from mycobacterium phlei. j. bacteriol. 92:285-290. 1966.-extraction of a crude cell wall preparation from mycobacterium phlei with 20% urea yielded a fraction which induced a state of enhanced resistance to microbial challenge. the resulting soluble extract, after removal of the urea, represented a ...196616562108
the oxidation of benzoic acid by mycobacteria i. : metabolic pathways in mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium butyricum, and mycobacterium phlei. 195216561821
polysaccharides of mycobacterium bovis ushi 10, mycobacterium smegmatis, mycobacterium phlei, and atypical mycobacterium p1.four kinds of polysaccharides, glucan, mannan, arabinomannan, and arabinogalactan, were purified from the defatted cells of four strains of mycobacteria. by the chemical and immunological analyses, we concluded that arabinomannan and arabinogalactan are common serologically active polysaccharides in mycobacteria.197016557844
lunatusin, a trypsin-stable antimicrobial peptide from lima beans (phaseolus lunatus l.).an anti-fungal peptide designated as lunatusin, with a molecular mass around 7kda, was purified from the seeds of chinese lima bean (phaseolus lunatus l.). the peptide was isolated using a simple protocol consisting of affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel and gel filtration on superdex 75. lunatusin exerted an anti-fungal activity toward fungal species such as fusarium oxysporum, mycosphaerella arachidicola and botrytis cinerea, and an antibacterial action on, bacillus megaterium, bacill ...200516269344
gene cloning and characterization of mycobacterium phlei flavin reductase involved in dibenzothiophene desulfurization.mycobacterium phlei wu-f1 possesses the ability to convert dibenzothiophene (dbt) to 2-hydroxybiphenyl with the release of inorganic sulfur over a wide temperature range from 20 degrees c to 50 degrees c. the conversion is initiated by consecutive sulfur atom-specific oxidations by two monooxygenases, and a flavin reductase is essential in combination with these flavin-dependent monooxygenases. the flavin reductase gene (frm) of m. phlei wu-f1, which encodes a protein of 162 amino acid residues ...200516233834
intact molecular characterization of cord factor (trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate) from nine species of mycobacteria by maldi-tof mass spectrometry.cord factor (trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate, tdm) is an unique glycolipid with a trehalose and two molecules of mycolic acids in the mycobacterial cell envelope. since tdm consists of two molecules of very long branched-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acids, the molecular mass ranges widely and in a complex manner. to characterize the molecular structure of tdm precisely and simply, an attempt was made to determine the mycolic acid subclasses of tdm and the molecular species composition of intact tdm by matrix ...200516207922
performance of a johne's disease enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay adapted for milk samples from goats.antibody detection-based tests for paratuberculosis offer speed and economy, 2 diagnostic test attributes important to animal industries with narrow profit margins. application of such tests to individual milk samples instead of serum samples can further improve testing efficiency and decrease testing cost. accuracy of a commercial bovine paratuberculosis enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) adapted for use on goat serum and milk samples was determined. fecal, blood, and milk samples were c ...200516130993
attempted definition by immunoblotting of the causes of reactivity in suspected false-positive sera in the brucella ovis complement fixation test.seventy-nine suspected false-positive sera, obtained over 1 year from routine submissions for brucella ovis serological testing, were used in this study. these sera, which exhibited titres in the complement fixation test, but which because of their epidemiological history and their reactions in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gel diffusion test were suspected to be false positives, were further analysed by immunoblotting. in blots, using b. ovis antigens, rough lipopolysaccharide was i ...199616031926
a cloned dna probe for the detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis.dna extracted from mycobacterium paratuberculosis, which had been isolated from a cow with clinical johne's disease, was used to make a gene library in the escherichia coli expression vector phage lambda gt11. plaque-lifts were made from the library onto nitrocellulose membranes. these were screened by differential hybridization using radiolabelled chromosomal dna from m. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium phlei. by this method six recombinants that hybridized to m. paratuberculosis but not to m ...198916031516
sesquin, a potent defensin-like antimicrobial peptide from ground beans with inhibitory activities toward tumor cells and hiv-1 reverse transcriptase.an antifungal peptide with a molecular mass around 7 kda and an n-terminal sequence highly homologous to defensin was isolated from ground beans (vigna sesquipedalis cv. 'ground bean'). the peptide was adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel and on mono s. it exerted an antifungal action on botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxysporum and mycosphaerella arachidicola; and an antibacterial action on escherichia coli b, proteus vulgaris, mycobacterium phlei and bacillus megaterium. the antimicrobial activity was inh ...200515949629
vulgarinin, a broad-spectrum antifungal peptide from haricot beans (phaseolus vulgaris).from the seeds of haricot beans (phaseolus vulgaris), an antifungal peptide with a molecular mass around 7 kda was purified by using a simple protocol consisting of affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel and gel filtration on superdex 75. this peptide named vulgarinin manifested an antifungal activity toward fungal species such as fusarium oxysporum, mycosphaerella arachidicola, physalospora piricola and botrytis cinerea, and an antibacterial action on mycobacterium phlei, bacillus megater ...200515896669
antibiotic produced by fusarium equiseti nrrl 5537.fusarium equiseti nrrl 5537 grown on an autoclaved white corn grit medium for 3 to 4 weeks at room temperature produced a substance in excess of 5 g/kg of substrate that inhibited some gram-positive bacteria including mycobacteria. most bacillus subtilis, mycobacterium phlei, and staphylococcus aureus strains were inhibited when 1 mug of the antibiotic per ml was incorporated into the culture medium. except for neisseria perflava, gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and molds were not inhibited by 1 ...197415825417
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