Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| envelope protein complexes of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and their antigenicity. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease, a chronic enteric disease of ruminant animals. in the present study, blue native page electrophoresis and 2d sds-page were used to separate map envelope protein complexes, followed by mass spectrometry (ms) to identify individual proteins within the complexes. identity of individual proteins within complexes was further confirmed by ms upon excision of spots from 2d sds-page gels. among the seven putativ ... | 2015 | 25500374 |
| molecular analysis and miru-vntr typing of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains from various sources. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease. genotypic discrimination of map isolates is pivotal to epidemiological studies requisite for revealing infection sources and disease transmission. this study was undertaken to determine the genetic diversity of map strains from diverse sources. | 2015 | 25410632 |
| identification of immunoreactive proteins of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the cause of a chronic enteritis of ruminants (bovine paratuberculosis (ptb)--johne's disease) that is associated with enormous worldwide economic losses for the animal production. diagnosis is based on observation of clinical signs, the detection of antibodies in milk or serum, or evaluation of bacterial culture from feces. the limit of these methods is that they are not able to detect the disease in the subclinical stage and are applicable o ... | 2015 | 25404104 |
| interferon gamma response to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis specific lipopentapeptide antigen l5p in cattle. | after mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection the cell-mediated immune (cmi) response indicative of early th1 activation may be detected using interferon-gamma release assay (igra). currently, the purified protein derivatives (ppds), i.e., the total extract of mycobacteria antigens are used to recall cmi responses against map. this study aimed to assess the ability of the chemically synthesized map specific cell wall lipopentapeptide l5p to induce cmi response in cows infecte ... | 2015 | 26412530 |
| modelling of paratuberculosis spread between dairy cattle farms at a regional scale. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes johne's disease, with large economic consequences for dairy cattle producers worldwide. map spread between farms is mainly due to animal movements. locally, herd size and management are expected to influence infection dynamics. to provide a better understanding of map spread between dairy cattle farms at a regional scale, we describe the first spatio-temporal model accounting simultaneously for population and infection dynamics and indirec ... | 2015 | 26407894 |
| characterization and expression of monoclonal antibody-defined molecules on resting and activated bovine αβ, γδ t and nk cells. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for leukocyte differentiation molecules (ldms) were developed during the past few decades to expand reagents for research in ruminants, pigs, and horses. the specificity of some of the mab-defined molecules was determined through participation in international workshops. other molecules identified with mabs during this time, and more recently with mabs developed after the workshops, have remained partially characterized. efforts are now underway to character ... | 2015 | 26384699 |
| the within host dynamics of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle: where time and place matter. | johne's disease or paratuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), occurs in domestic and wild animals worldwide, causing a significant economic loss to livestock industries. after a prolonged incubation time, infected cattle shed map bacilli into feces and spread the disease to an uninfected animal population. it is largely unknown how (or whether) the interplay between the pathogen and the host immunity determines timing of shedding after the long incubation time ... | 2015 | 26092382 |
| application of multiple laboratory tests for mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis detection in crohn's disease patient specimens. | the difficulties involved in detecting and enumerating mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) as a pathogen potentially involved in crohn's disease (cd) are well known. this study aimed to improve this situation through the application of multiple laboratory diagnostic tests to detect and isolate this bacterium from different specimens collected from cd-patients and non-cd subjects as controls. a total of 120 samples (terminal ileum and colon biopsies, blood and stool) were obtained f ... | 2015 | 26147146 |
| functional analysis of 3'utr polymorphisms in the caprine slc11a1 gene and its association with the mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. | the study aimed to investigate whether the genetic polymorphisms in the 3'utr of the caprine slc11a1 gene are functional, and to assess the role of map as a regulatory parameter in gene expression. to this goal we constructed plasmids expressing the luciferase reporter gene in transient transfections of a mouse (balb/c) macrophage cell line (raw264.7), incorporating those polymorphisms that our previous work indicated as more prominent in terms of slc11a1 expression and responsiveness to map inf ... | 2015 | 26117376 |
| agent-based model for johne's disease dynamics in a dairy herd. | johne's disease is an infectious gastrointestinal disease in ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis that causes diarrhea, emaciation, decreased milk production and eventually death. the disease is transmitted in utero and via milk and colostrums to calves, and fecal-orally to all age classes. financial losses due to the disease are estimated to be over $200 million in the us dairy industry. the goal of this study was to evaluate the cost effectiveness of control measures ... | 2015 | 26091904 |
| dam mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) infection status does not predetermine calves for future shedding when raised in a contaminated environment: a cohort study. | uptake of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) by calves in the first days of life from colostrum, milk and faeces is regarded an important moment of transmission. the objective of this study was to quantify the association between the map status of dams as determined by the presence of map dna and antibody in colostrum and that of dna in faeces and the environment with subsequent map shedding of their daughters. a cohort of 117 dam-daughter pairs giving birth/being born on eight co ... | 2015 | 26091807 |
| two state model for a constant disease hazard in paratuberculosis (and other bovine diseases). | many diseases are characterized by a long and varying sub-clinical period. two main mechanisms can explain such periods: a slow progress toward disease or a sudden transition from a healthy state to a disease state induced by internal or external events. we here survey epidemiological features of the amount of bacteria shed during mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map) infection to test which of these two models, slow progression or sudden transition (or a combination of the two), better exp ... | 2015 | 26092587 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies in the gut associated lymphoid tissue of slaughtered rabbits. | rabbits are susceptible to infection by different species of the genus mycobacterium. particularly, development of specific lesions and isolation of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, both subspecies of the m. avium complex, has been reported in wildlife conditions. although, rabbit meat production worldwide is 200 million tons per year, microbiological data on this source of meat is lacking and more specifically reports of mycobacterial presence in ... | 2015 | 26063469 |
| proteome-scale identification and characterization of mitochondria targeting proteins of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis: potential virulence factors modulating host mitochondrial function. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the etiological agent of johne's disease among ruminants. during the course of infection, it expresses a number of proteins for its successful persistence inside the host that cause variety of physiological abnormalities in the host. mitochondrion is one of the attractive targets for pathogenic bacteria. employing a proteome-wide sequence and structural signature based approach we have identified 46 m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins as poten ... | 2015 | 26048556 |
| host gene expression for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in human thp-1 macrophages. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease, which causes considerable economic loss in the dairy industry and has a possible relationship to crohn's disease (cd) in humans. as map has been detected in retail pasteurized milk samples, its transmission via milk is of concern. despite its possible role in the etiology of cd, there have been few studies examining the interactions between map and human cells. in the current study, we applied ingenuity ... | 2015 | 25877879 |
| resolution of crohn's disease and complex regional pain syndrome following treatment of paratuberculosis. | a cohort of family members with various chronic diseases including crohn's disease, asthma, complex regional pain syndrome, hypothyroidism, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and lymphangiomatosis and/or evidence of infection by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) are described in this series of case reports. map was cultured from the blood of three members affected by the first five diseases and there was accompanying elevated anti-map igg in two members. the patient affected by the sixth ... | 2015 | 25852293 |
| comprehensive insights in the mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genome using new wgs data of sheep strain jiii-386 from germany. | mycobacterium avium (m. a.) subsp. paratuberculosis (map) - the etiologic agent of johne's disease - affects cattle, sheep and other ruminants worldwide. to decipher phenotypic differences among sheep and cattle strains (belonging to map-s [type-i/iii] respectively map-c [type-ii]) comparative genome analysis needs data from diverse isolates originating from different geographic regions of the world. the current study presents the so far best assembled genome of a map-s-strain: sheep isolate jii ... | 2015 | 26384038 |
| comparative genomics between human and animal associated subspecies of the mycobacterium avium complex: a basis for pathogenicity. | a human isolate of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis 43525) was sequenced and compared genomically to other mycobacterial pathogens. m. paratuberculosis 43525 was recently isolated from a patient with ulcerative colitis and belongs to the m. avium complex, a group known to infect both humans and animals. while m. paratuberculosis is a known pathogen of livestock, there are only 20 human isolates from the last 20 years, therefore we took the opportunity to perform a ... | 2015 | 26370227 |
| in silico epitope analysis of unique and membrane associated proteins from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis for immunogenicity and vaccine evaluation. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the etiologic agent of paratuberculosis disease affecting ruminants worldwide. the aim of this study was to identify potential candidate antigens and epitopes by bio and immuno-informatic tools which could be later evaluated as vaccines and/or diagnosis. 110 protein sequences were selected from map k-10 genome database: 48 classified as putative enzymes involved in surface polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide synthesis, as membrane associated ... | 2015 | 26279134 |
| molecular typing of argentinian mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates by multiple-locus variable number-tandem repeat analysis. | multiple-locus variable number-tandem repeat analysis (mlva) of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) isolates may contribute to the knowledge of strain diversity in argentina. although the diversity of map has been previously investigated in argentina using is900-rflp, a small number of isolates were employed, and a low discriminative power was reached. the aim of the present study was to test the genetic diversity among map isolates using an mlva approach based on 8 repetitive ... | 2015 | 26273274 |
| differences in intermittent and continuous fecal shedding patterns between natural and experimental mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infections in cattle. | the objective of this paper is to study shedding patterns of cows infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). while multiple single farm studies of map dynamics were reported, there is not large scale meta-analysis of both natural and experimental infections. large difference in shedding patterns between experimentally and naturally infected cows were observed. experimental infections are thus probably driven by different pathological mechanisms. for further evaluations of s ... | 2015 | 26092571 |
| within- and between-herd prevalence variation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection among control programme herds in denmark (2011-2013). | this study aimed to estimate the between- (htp) and within- (tp) herd true prevalence distribution of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection in dairy cattle herds participating in the danish map control programme. all herds enrolled in the programme between 2011 and 2013 were included in the analysis, and one annual milk-elisa test of all lactating cows present in such herds was considered. a bayesian latent class model was used to obtain htp and tp posterior distributions f ... | 2015 | 26272435 |
| seroprevalence of igg1 and igg4 class antibodies against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in japanese population. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the established causative agent of johne's disease in cattle and other ruminants, and it has also been speculated to be a putative etiological agent of several human autoimmune diseases. it is acknowledged that dairy products deriving from infected animals play a role (could be vehicles) in exposing humans to map. map could stimulate the human immune system by means of their complex antigen (in the case of lipids, multivalent antigens) and may ... | 2015 | 26267654 |
| effect of various dietary regimens on oral challenge with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a rabbit model. | rabbits are susceptible to infection by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) in both wildlife and experimental conditions. under the hypotheses that nutrient balance might influence the establishment of infection, we designed an experiment where map intestinal colonization was assessed under three dietary regimens: high fiber, high protein, and regular diet in new zealand white rabbits submitted to oral challenge with map. lowest weight gain (f=5.17, p=0.024), higher tissue cult ... | 2015 | 26267094 |
| mean effective sensitivity for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle herds. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infections in cattle are generally challenging to detect and cost-effective test strategies are consequently difficult to identify. map-specific antibody elisas for milk and serum are relatively inexpensive, but their utility is influenced by a number of factors such as herd size, herd composition and diagnostic sensitivity. the sensitivity of the test increases with the age of the tested animal, and therefore the general, or "mean effective sens ... | 2015 | 26253222 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a sheep flock in tuscany. | paratuberculosis is an infectious disease which affects ruminants. in this work, a sheep flock in garfagnana district (tuscany, italy) was examined by agar gel immune-diffusion (agid) tests, culture, and pcr from feces, milk, tissue samples, and cheeses. at the first agid test, 7/280 (2.5 %) animals were positive. from these animals, feces and milk samples were collected: 4/7 feces (57.14 %) and 2/7 milk samples (28.57 %) were positive to culture and 7/7 (100 %) feces samples and 1/7 milk sample ... | 2015 | 26245917 |
| risk factors for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and mycobacterium bovis coinfection at individual animal level in southern chile cattle populations. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes a chronic intestinal infection mainly in domestic and wild ruminants and is transmitted primarily by the fecal-oral route. mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) produces a chronic infection principally of the respiratory system. it affects most domestic mammals, wild species, and humans and is spread via the respiratory or oral route. it is important to note that m. bovis is considered a major zoonotic agent. the term coinfection refers to the co ... | 2015 | 26193778 |
| host transcriptional profiles and immunopathologic response following mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in mice. | paratuberculosis or johne's disease is a chronic granulomatous enteropathy in ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection. in the present study, we examined the host response to map infection in spleens of mice in order to investigate the host immunopathology accompanying host-pathogen interaction. transcriptional profiles of the map-infected mice at 3 and 6 weeks p.i. showed severe histopathological changes, whereas those at 12 weeks p.i. displayed reduced le ... | 2015 | 26439498 |
| on deaf ears, mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in pathogenesis crohn's and other diseases. | the historic suggestion that mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) might be a zoonotic pathogen was based on the apparent similarity of lesions in the intestine of patients with crohn's disease (cd) with those present in cattle infected with map, the etiological agent of johne's disease. reluctance to fully explore this possibility has been attributed to the difficulty in demonstrating the presence of map in tissues from patients with cd. advances in technology have resolved this pro ... | 2015 | 26730151 |
| iron acquisition in mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is a host-adapted pathogen that evolved from the environmental bacterium m. avium subsp. hominissuis through gene loss and gene acquisition. growth of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the laboratory is enhanced by supplementation of the media with the iron-binding siderophore mycobactin j. here we examined the production of mycobactins by related organisms and searched for an alternative iron uptake system in m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. throug ... | 2015 | 26712939 |
| distribution of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a subclinical naturally infected german fleckvieh bull. | although it has been known for years that mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is detectable in the reproductive organs and semen of infected bulls, only few studies have been conducted on this topic worldwide. this study surveyed the map status of a bull, naturally infected due to close contact with its subclinically infected parents over a period of 4 years. from the age of 7 weeks to necropsy, faecal, blood and, after sexual maturity, semen samples were drawn repeatedly. already ... | 2015 | 26671341 |
| predicting the role of il-10 in the regulation of the adaptive immune responses in mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infections using mathematical models. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes johne's disease (jd) in cattle and other animals. the hallmark of map infection in the early stages is a strong protective cell-mediated immune response (th1-type), characterized by antigen-specific γ-interferon (ifn-γ). the th1 response wanes with disease progression and is supplanted by a non-protective humoral immune response (th2-type). interleukin-10 (il-10) is believed to play a critical ro ... | 2015 | 26619346 |
| a new compartmental model of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection dynamics in cattle. | models of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), a chronic infectious agent of cattle, are used to identify effective control programs. however, new biological findings show that adult infections occur and that infected animals can be separated into 2 paths: animals that will become high-shedding and, eventually, experience clinical disease (high-path); and animals that will shed only small quantities of map and will remain subclinical (low-path). longitudinal data analysis found tha ... | 2015 | 26520176 |
| human interferon regulatory factor 5 homologous epitopes of epstein-barr virus and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis induce a specific humoral and cellular immune response in multiple sclerosis patients. | a large number of reports indicate the association of epstein-barr virus (ebv), and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) with multiple sclerosis (ms). | 2015 | 25392335 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in two different camel species by conventional and molecular techniques. | paratuberculosis (john's disease) is infectious and chronically progressive granulomatous disease which affects domestic and wild ruminants. the causative agent is mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map), a slow growing mycobactin dependent acid-fast bacillus. we investigated the detection and frequency of map in apparently healthy dromedary and bactrian camels by insertion sequence 900 (is900) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and acid fast staining of fecal samples in iran. acid fast staining ... | 2015 | 26973771 |
| macrophage polarization in cattle experimentally exposed to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of johne's disease (jd) in cattle, has significant impacts on the livestock industry and has been implicated in the etiology of crohn's disease. macrophages play a key role in jd pathogenesis, which is driven by the manipulation of host immune mechanisms by map. a change in the macrophage microenvironment due to pathogenic or host-derived stimuli can lead to classical (m1) or alternative (m2) polarization of macrophages. ... | 2015 | 26454271 |
| bovine immunoinhibitory receptors contribute to suppression of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific t-cell responses. | johne's disease (paratuberculosis) is a chronic enteritis in cattle that is caused by intracellular infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. this infection is characterized by the functional exhaustion of t-cell responses to m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens during late subclinical and clinical stages, presumably facilitating the persistence of this bacterium and the formation of clinical lesions. however, the mechanisms underlying t-cell exhaustion in johne's disease ... | 2015 | 26483406 |
| superior protection elicited by live-attenuated vaccines in the murine model of paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) causes johne's disease, a chronic enteric infection in ruminants with severe economic impact on the dairy industry in the usa and worldwide. currently, available vaccines have limited protective efficacy against disease progression and does not prevent spread of the infection among animals. because of their ability to elicit wide-spectrum immune responses, we adopted a live-attenuated vaccine approach based on a sigh knock-out ... | 2015 | 26546738 |
| epstein-barr virus and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis peptides are cross recognized by anti-myelin basic protein antibodies in multiple sclerosis patients. | epstein-barr virus and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) have been associated to multiple sclerosis (ms). we searched for antibodies against the homologous peptides epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (ebna1)400-413, map_0106c protein (map)121-132, and myelin basic protein (mbp)85-98 on a ms sardinian cohort, showing that these antibodies are highly prevalent among ms patients compared to healthy controls. competitive assay demonstrated that antibodies recognizing ebna1400-413 a ... | 2014 | 24642384 |
| lcd array and is900 efficiency in relation to traditional diagnostic techniques for diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in cattle in egypt. | this study aimed to compare traditional tests (johnin test, fecal staining and fecal culture) with advanced laboratory tests (elisa, lcd array and is900 pcr) for detection of johne's disease. a total of 365 holstein-friesian dairy cattle (40 express profuse diarrhea unresponsive to treatment and 325 contacting them) tested with johnin test, blood collected for elisa and fecal samples for fecal staining as well as fecal culture, application of lcd array and pcr using is900 on dna extracted from m ... | 2014 | 26786331 |
| proteome-scale identification of outer membrane proteins in mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis using a structure based combined hierarchical approach. | outer membrane proteins (omps) in eubacteria have several important roles, which range from membrane transport to the host-pathogen interactions. these are directly involved in pathogen attachment, entry and activation of several pathogen-induced signaling cascades in the cell. the cardinal structural features of omps include the presence of a β-barrel, a signal peptide and the absence of the transmembrane helix. this is the first report on proteome-wide identification of omps of ruminant pathog ... | 2014 | 24950976 |
| repeated cycles of chemical and physical disinfection and their influence on mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis viability measured by propidium monoazide f57 quantitative real time pcr. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) has a high degree of resistance to chemical and physical procedures frequently used for the elimination of other bacteria. recently, a method for the determination of viability by exposure of map to propidium monoazide (pma) and subsequent real time quantitative pcr (qpcr) was established and found to be comparable with culture. the aim of this study was to apply the pma qpcr method to determine the impact of increasing concentration or time and ... | 2014 | 24934261 |
| lymphatic fluid for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cows by pcr, compared to fecal sampling and detection of antibodies in blood and milk. | johne's disease (jd), caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), can cause considerable economic losses in affected herds. early diagnosis of jd is hampered by the chronic nature of the disease with a slow subclincal progression. the aim of the present study was to challenge the hypothesis that lymphatic fluid is of diagnostic value in the early stages of the disease. lymphatic fluid from 122 animals was collected and tested for map by nested pcr for is900 and compared to the r ... | 2014 | 24930984 |
| expression of genes associated with cholesterol and lipid metabolism identified as a novel pathway in the early pathogenesis of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis-infection in cattle. | johne's disease (jd) is a chronic disease affecting ruminants and other species caused by the pathogenic mycobacterium, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). map has developed a multitude of mechanisms to persist within the host, and these in turn are counteracted by the host through various immune pathways. identifying and characterising the different strategies employed by map to alter the host immune system in its favour, and thereby persist intracellularly, could hold the key to ... | 2014 | 24930699 |
| observed management practices in relation to the risk of infection with paratuberculosis and to the spread of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in swiss dairy and beef herds. | many studies have been conducted to define risk factors for the transmission of bovine paratuberculosis, mostly in countries with large herds. little is known about the epidemiology in infected swiss herds and risk factors important for transmission in smaller herds. therefore, the presence of known factors which might favor the spread of paratuberculosis and could be related to the prevalence at animal level of fecal shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis were assessed in 17 in ... | 2014 | 24930008 |
| from mouth to macrophage: mechanisms of innate immune subversion by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | johne's disease (jd) is a chronic enteric infection of cattle caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). the high economic cost and potential zoonotic threat of jd have driven efforts to develop tools and approaches to effectively manage this disease within livestock herds. efforts to control jd through traditional animal management practices are complicated by map's ability to cause long-term environmental contamination as well as difficulties associated with diagnosis of jd i ... | 2014 | 24885748 |
| gene expression profiling and putative biomarkers of calves 3 months after infection with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes johne's disease (jd), a chronic granulomatous intestinal inflammation of ruminants. current diagnostic tools lack sensitivity to detect jd early in infection; therefore, alternatives are desired. the objective was to identify potential biomarkers in whole blood of high- and low-dose (ld) map-challenged holstein-friesian calves 3 months after inoculation. infected calves were designated map-positive using the ifn-γ release assay. differenti ... | 2014 | 24841487 |
| mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis infection augments innate immune responses following intestinal epithelial injury. | we wanted to determine if augmented innate immune activation is associated with lesion development in a mycobacterial enhanced intestinal injury model. we evaluated the local immune response in a mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis + dextran sulfate sodium (map + dss) model using balb/c and severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice. map + dss balb/c and scid mice displayed a similar disease phenotype. moreover, map + dss scid mice had increased expression of interleukin 1β (il-1β), tumor necr ... | 2014 | 24569700 |
| sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting serum antibodies against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in fallow deer. | the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is the diagnostic test most commonly used in efforts to control paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants. however, commercial elisas have not been validated for detecting antibodies against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in wild animals. in this study, we compared the sensitivities and specificities of five elisas using individual serum samples collected from 41 fallow deer with or without histopathological lesions consistent with paratube ... | 2014 | 24872517 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is not discerned in diabetes mellitus patients in hyderabad, india. | mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) is an obligate intracellular pathogen. it causes chronic intestinal inflammation in ruminants known as johne's disease and is associated with human crohn's disease. furthermore, association of map with other autoimmune diseases, such as type-1 diabetes, has been established in patients from sardinia (italy) which is a map endemic and genetically isolated region. due to largest livestock population and consequently high map prevalence amidst a very ... | 2014 | 24863528 |
| evaluation of eight live attenuated vaccine candidates for protection against challenge with virulent mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in mice. | johne's disease is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), which results in serious economic losses worldwide in farmed livestock such as cattle, sheep, and goats. to control this disease, an effective vaccine with minimal adverse effects is needed. in order to identify a live vaccine for johne's disease, we evaluated eight attenuated mutant strains of map using a c57bl/6 mouse model. the persistence of the vaccine candidates was measured at 6, 12, and 18 weeks post vaccinat ... | 2014 | 25072031 |
| screening of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis mutants for attenuation in a bovine monocyte-derived macrophage model. | vaccination remains a major tool for prevention and progression of johne's disease, a chronic enteritis of ruminants worldwide. currently there is only one licensed vaccine within the united states and two vaccines licensed internationally against johne's disease. all licensed vaccines reduce fecal shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and delay disease progression. however, there are no available vaccines that prevent disease onset. a joint effort by the johne's disease ... | 2014 | 25072030 |
| evidence of passive faecal shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a limousin cattle herd. | it has been suggested that passive shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in faeces may occur, but reliable data are missing. passive shedding assumes the ingestion of map in contaminated feed and passive passage through the gastrointestinal tract without causing infection. in this study the presence of map in faeces in a closed herd of limousin cattle was monitored for 53 months using quantitative real time pcr (qpcr) and culture. the initial prevalence of map in the herd ... | 2014 | 24836889 |
| serological studies to determine the occurrence of johne's disease and mycoplasma infection in the northern-east polish population of european bison (bison bonasus). | a serological study of twenty three european bison (bison bonasus) derived from northern-east poland for the seroprevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, mycoplasma bovis, mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides sc, mycoplasma agalactiae and mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae was conducted. only specific antibodies to m. bovis were detected in two animals (8.7%) which were connected with the clinical signs and macroscopic anatomopathological lesions. | 2014 | 25638988 |
| molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated from sheep, cattle and deer on new zealand pastoral farms. | the present study aimed to describe the molecular diversity of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) isolates obtained from sheep, cattle (beef and dairy) and deer farms in new zealand. a total of 206 independent map isolates (15 beef cattle, 89 dairy cattle, 35 deer, 67 sheep) were sourced from 172 species-mobs (15 beef cattle, 66 dairy cattle, 31 deer, 60 sheep). seventeen subtypes were identified, using a combination of variable number of tandem repeats (vntr) and short sequence r ... | 2014 | 25315761 |
| systematic review of the prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle, sheep, and goats in latin america and the caribbean. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes paratuberculosis or johne's disease (jd) in domestic ruminants and wild species. the aim of the present study was to systematically review the prevalence of paratuberculosis among farmed animals (cattle, sheep, and goats) in latin america and the caribbean. the initial search for existing publications reporting systematic reviews and primary studies was carried out by searching the available databases. for the final selection of studies, an init ... | 2014 | 25169696 |
| occurrence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and neospora caninum in alberta cow-calf operations. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and neospora caninum (nc) are two pathogens causing important production limiting diseases in the cattle industry. significant impacts of map and nc have been reported on dairy cattle herds, but little is known about the importance, risk factors and transmission patterns in western canadian cow-calf herds. in this cross-sectional study, the prevalence of map and nc infection in southwest alberta cow-calf herds was estimated, risk factors for nc w ... | 2014 | 25277685 |
| pathogens at the livestock-wildlife interface in western alberta: does transmission route matter? | in southwestern alberta, interactions between beef cattle and free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus) may provide opportunities for pathogen transmission. to assess the importance of the transmission route on the potential for interspecies transmission, we conducted a cross-sectional study on four endemic livestock pathogens with three different transmission routes: bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 (predominantly direct transmission), mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (ma ... | 2014 | 24517283 |
| 'global warming' to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | 2014 | 25156371 | |
| domino effect of hypomagnesemia on the innate immunity of crohn's disease patients. | digestive diseases play major role in development and complications of other disorders including diabetes. for example, crohn's disease (cd) is an inflammatory bowel disease associated with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. the inflammation is a complex process that involves the activity of both innate and adaptive immune responses. cd lesions are primarily due to t cell response, however; innate immune response has a significant role in initiating its pathogenesis. toll-like rece ... | 2014 | 25126398 |
| short communication: effect of homogenization on heat inactivation of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in milk. | mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) can be present in cow milk and low numbers may survive high-temperature, short-time (htst) pasteurization. although htst treatment leads to inactivation of at least 5 log10 cycles, it might become necessary to enhance the efficacy of htst by additional treatments such as homogenization if the debate about the role of map in crohn's disease of humans concludes that map is a zoonotic agent. this study aimed to determine whether disrupting the clumps ... | 2014 | 24485679 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis causes crohn's disease in some inflammatory bowel disease patients. | crohn's disease (cd) is a chronic inflammatory condition that plagues millions all over the world. this debilitating bowel disease can start in early childhood and continue into late adulthood. signs and symptoms are usually many and multiple tests are often required for the diagnosis and confirmation of this disease. however, little is still understood about the cause(s) of cd. as a result, several theories have been proposed over the years. one theory in particular is that mycobacterium avium ... | 2014 | 24966610 |
| enhanced expression of codon optimized mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens in lactobacillus salivarius. | it is well documented that open reading frames containing high gc content show poor expression in a+t rich hosts. specifically, g+c-rich codon usage is a limiting factor in heterologous expression of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) proteins using lactobacillus salivarius. however, re-engineering opening reading frames through synonymous substitutions can offset codon bias and greatly enhance map protein production in this host. in this report, we demonstrate that codon-usage ma ... | 2014 | 25237653 |
| a murine oral model for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection and immunomodulation with lactobacillus casei atcc 334. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) the causative agent of johne's disease, is one of the most serious infectious diseases in dairy cattle worldwide. due to the chronic nature of this disease and no feasible control strategy, it is essential to have an efficient animal model which is representative of the natural route of infection as well as a viable treatment option. in this report, we evaluated the effect of different doses of m. paratuberculosis in their ability ... | 2014 | 24551602 |
| evaluation of the microbial safety of child food of animal origin in greece. | foodborne illness is a major cause of morbidity and mortality especially for children, even in the developed world. the aim of this study was to assess the microbial safety of food of animal origin intended for consumption by children in greece. sampling involved 8 categories of retail products and was completed with a collection of 850 samples. these were tested by pcr and/or culture for listeria monocytogenes, campylobacter spp., escherichia coli o157, salmonella spp., cronobacter sakazakii, b ... | 2014 | 24506312 |
| infliximab therapy increases the frequency of circulating cd16(+) monocytes and modifies macrophage cytokine response to bacterial infection. | crohn's disease (cd) has been correlated with altered macrophage response to microorganisms. considering the efficacy of infliximab treatment on cd remission, we investigated infliximab effects on circulating monocyte subsets and on macrophage cytokine response to bacteria. human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages were obtained from cd patients, treated or not with infliximab. macrophages were infected with escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberc ... | 2014 | 24816497 |
| role of the intestinal microbiota and fecal transplantation in inflammatory bowel diseases. | ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease are the two major types of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). despite intensive study, it is still challenging because the precise etiology and pathogenesis remains unclear. studies have shown that ibd is associated with changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota, as either a cause or a consequence of abnormal host immune response in genetic susceptible population. two specific microorganisms (mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and escheric ... | 2014 | 25389085 |
| description of a novel adhesin of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | the binding and ingestion of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) by host cells are fibronectin (fn) dependent. in several species of mycobacteria, a specific family of proteins allows the attachment and internalization of these bacteria by epithelial cells through interaction with fn. thus, the identification of adhesion molecules is essential to understand the pathogenesis of map. the aim of this study was to identify and characterize fn binding cell wall proteins of map. we searc ... | 2014 | 25136616 |
| presence of mycobacterium avium subspecies and hepatitis e virus in raw meat products. | meat and meat products may be the source of various pathogenic and potentially pathogenic agents for humans. we ascertained the occurrence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, subsp. avium, and subsp. hominissuis, and hepatitis e virus in retail raw meat products. the dna of at least one of the target m. avium subspecies was detected in 26 (29.2%) of 89 analyzed samples of meat products. fourteen (15.7%), 1 (1.1%), and 17 (19.1%) samples contained the dna of mycobacterium avium subsp. ... | 2014 | 24490931 |
| the immunodominant t-cell epitopes of the mycolyl-transferases of the antigen 85 complex of m. tuberculosis. | the ag85 complex is a 30-32 kda family of three proteins (ag85a, ag85b, and ag85c), which all three possess enzymatic mycolyl-transferase activity involved in the coupling of mycolic acids to the arabinogalactan of the cell wall and in the biogenesis of cord factor. by virtue of their strong potential to induce th1-type immune responses, important for the control of intracellular infections, members of the ag85 family rank among the most promising tb vaccine candidate antigens. ag85a and ag85b, ... | 2014 | 25071781 |
| disruption of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific genes impairs in vivo fitness. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is an obligate intracellular pathogen that infects many ruminant species. the acquisition of foreign genes via horizontal gene transfer has been postulated to contribute to its pathogenesis, as these genetic elements are absent from its putative ancestor, m. avium subsp. hominissuis (mah), an environmental organism with lesser pathogenicity. in this study, high-throughput sequencing of map transposon libraries were analyzed to qualitatively and q ... | 2014 | 24885784 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates induce in vitro granuloma formation and show successful survival phenotype, common anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic responses within ovine macrophages regardless of genotype or host of origin. | the analysis of the early macrophage responses, including bacterial growth within macrophages, represents a powerful tool to characterize the virulence of clinical isolates of mycobcaterium avium susbp. paratuberculosis (map). the present study represents the first assessment of the intracellular behaviour in ovine monocyte-derived macrophages (mdms) of map isolates representing distinct genotypes (c, s and b), and isolated from cattle, sheep, goat, fallow deer, deer, and wild boar. intracellula ... | 2014 | 25111300 |
| development and evaluation of a novel multicopy-element-targeting triplex pcr for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in feces. | the enteropathy called paratuberculosis (ptb), which mainly affects ruminants and has a worldwide distribution, is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. this disease significantly reduces the cost-effectiveness of ruminant farms, and therefore, reliable and rapid detection methods are needed to control the spread of the bacterium in livestock and in the environment. the aim of this study was to identify a specific and sensitive combination of dna extraction and amplification to ... | 2014 | 24727272 |
| infectious pathogens potentially transmitted by semen of the black variety of the manchega sheep breed: health constraints for conservation purposes. | conservation of genetic resources from endangered breeds may be conducted through germinal banks. preservation of healthy samples is paramount to avoid preserving pathogens shed with germinal products. the black variety of manchega sheep (bms), and endangered breed endemic to south-central spain, is the subject of a conservation program; a germinal bank has been recently established. however, several pathogens circulating in bms flocks may be shed with semen and threaten bms preservation. theref ... | 2014 | 25066603 |
| pathogens of zoonotic and biological importance in roe deer (capreolus capreolus): seroprevalence in an agro-system population in france. | antibody prevalence for several infectious and parasitic diseases in a population of roe deer (capreolus capreolus) inhabiting a mixed agricultural landscape (south of france) has been analyzed. serological analyses with elisa in 245 animals captured from 2008 to 2012 has been performed. we found a high prevalence of toxoplasma gondii (46.4%), chlamydophila abortus (17.27%) and coxiella burnetii (11.26%) compared to other studies in europe. seroprevalence varied strongly among years for t. gondi ... | 2014 | 24576494 |
| pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders: revisiting gastrointestinal involvement and immune imbalance. | autism spectrum disorders (asd) comprise a group of neurodevelopmental abnormalities that begin in early childhood and are characterized by impairment of social communication and behavioral problems including restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. several genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asd, most of them are involved in neuronal synaptogenesis. a number of environmental factors and associated conditions such as gastrointestinal (gi) abnormalities and immune imbalance ha ... | 2014 | 25110424 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in faeces using different procedures of pre-treatment for real-time pcr in comparison to culture. | one of the most relevant aspects in the diagnosis of paratuberculosis (johne's disease) in cattle is the availability of a method for the rapid and sensitive detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in order to facilitate the prompt removal of pathogen-shedding animals from a herd. to meet this requirement, methods for pre-treatment of bovine faecal samples and subsequent extraction of dna for detection of map by real-time pcr were compared with map culture results. a total ... | 2014 | 24280588 |
| multiple strain infections and high genotypic diversity among mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis field isolates from diseased wild and domestic ruminant species in the eastern alpine region of austria. | johne's disease, or paratuberculosis, is a chronic fatal ruminant gastroenteritis caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) whose foodborne zoonotic potential and association with crohn's disease are still under debate. the disease is widespread but its epidemiology and epizootiology remains elusive. wildlife is suspected to play a major role. after a surge in map seroprevalence in austrian cattle, paratuberculosis was declared a notifiable disease in austria in 2006. at th ... | 2014 | 24270014 |
| a novel low-cost method for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis dna extraction from an automated broth culture system for real-time pcr analysis. | pcr is a highly accurate technique for confirming the presence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in broth culture. in this study, a simple, efficient, and low-cost method of harvesting dna from map cultured in liquid medium was developed. the proposed protocol (universidad austral de chile [uach]) was evaluated by comparing its performance to that of two traditional techniques (a qiaamp dna stool mini kit and cethyltrimethylammonium bromide [ctab] method). the results were sta ... | 2014 | 24136213 |
| antigenicity in sheep of synthetic peptides derived from stress-regulated mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins and comparison with recombinant protein and complex native antigens. | serum antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is the most commonly used test for diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in ruminants. however, the assay requires serum preabsorption with mycobacterium phlei proteins to reduce cross reactions potentially contributed by the exposure of livestock to environmental mycobacteria. to trial the discovery of novel antigens which do not require serum absorption, synthetic map-specific peptides were selected based on in silic ... | 2014 | 23815825 |
| experimental infection of lambs with c and s-type strains of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis: immunological and pathological findings. | the two main genotypes of recognized isolates of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) are cattle (c) and sheep (s) strains. an experimental infection was conducted to establish the effect of map strain on the pathogenesis of ovine paratuberculosis. twenty-four out of thirty 1.5-month-old assaf lambs were divided into 4 groups of 6 and infected orally with three low passage field isolates, two of s- (22g and the pigmented ovicap49) and one of c- (764) type, and the reference k-10 str ... | 2014 | 24428881 |
| the mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis protein map1305 modulates dendritic cell-mediated t cell proliferation through toll-like receptor-4. | in this study, we show that mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis map1305 induces the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (bmdcs), a representative antigen presenting cell (apc). map1305 protein induces dc maturation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (il)-6), tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-α, and il-1β) through toll like receptor-4 (tlr-4) signaling by directly binding with tlr4. map1305 activates the phosphorylation of mapks, such as erk, p38mapk, an ... | 2014 | 24393523 |
| high-throughput direct fecal pcr assay for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in sheep and cattle. | johne's disease (jd) is a chronic enteric disease caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis that affects ruminants. transmission occurs by the fecal-oral route. a commonly used antemortem diagnostic test for the detection of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in feces is liquid culture; however, a major constraint is the 2- to 3-month incubation period needed for this method. rapid methods for the detection of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis based on pcr have been reported, but compre ... | 2014 | 24352996 |
| bulk tank milk elisa for detection of antibodies to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: correlation between repeated tests and within-herd antibody-prevalence. | detection of bulk tank milk (btm) antibodies using elisa (btm-elisa) may constitute an inexpensive test for surveillance of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection in dairy cattle herds provided that the test is accurate and consistent. the objectives of this study were to determine: (a) the correlation between repeated btm reactions; and (b) the association between the btm antibody elisa-level and the within-herd prevalence of antibody-positive cows. eight btm samples per he ... | 2014 | 24200370 |
| persistence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in endangered florida key deer and key deer habitat. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) was first reported in the endangered key deer (odocoileus virginianus clavium) in 1996 on big pine key, florida, usa. by 2008, eight additional map-positive key deer had been identified on big pine key and the nearby newfound harbor keys. this study was conducted to determine if map was still present in key deer and whether natural or man-made freshwater sources were contaminated with map. between november 2009 and september 2012, map was isolate ... | 2014 | 24506424 |
| complete genome sequence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, isolated from human breast milk. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the etiologic agent of johne's disease in ruminants and has also been associated with human crohn's disease. we report the complete genome sequence of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, isolated from the breast milk of a crohn's disease patient. this sequence has high identity with characterized strains recovered from cattle. | 2014 | 24503996 |
| analysis of sediments and plants from the system of five fishponds in the czech republic using culture and pcr methods. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are ubiquitous organisms that have been isolated from a variety of environmental sources. several ntm species are responsible for diseases in humans and/or animals known as mycobacterioses. the aim of this study was to determine the levels of ntm in the sediments and plants of five fish ponds in the czech republic using culture and quantitative real time pcr (qpcr). additionally, we investigated if there was any link between environmental samples from the fish p ... | 2014 | 24342091 |
| genetic structure of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis population in cattle herds in quebec as revealed by using a combination of multilocus genomic analyses. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis, a granulomatous enteritis affecting a wide range of domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. a variety of molecular typing tools are used to distinguish m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains, contributing to a better understanding of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis epidemiology. in the present study, pcr-based typing methods, including mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units/variable-number tandem rep ... | 2014 | 24829229 |
| snp genotyping of animal and human derived isolates of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the aetiological agent of johne's disease (jd), a chronic granulomatous enteritis that affects ruminants worldwide. while the ability of map to cause disease in animals is clear, the role of this bacterium in human inflammatory bowel diseases remains unresolved. previous whole genome sequencing of map isolates derived from human and three animal hosts showed that human isolates were genetically similar and showed a close phylogenetic relations ... | 2014 | 24970365 |
| host responses to the pathogen mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and beneficial microbes exhibit host sex specificity. | differences between microbial pathogenesis in male and female hosts are well characterized in disease conditions connected to sexual transmission. however, limited biological insight is available on variances attributed to sex specificity in host-microbe interactions, and it is most often a minimized variable outside these transmission events. in this work, we studied two gut microbes-a pathogen, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and a probiotic, lactobacillus animalis np-51-and the i ... | 2014 | 24814797 |
| virulence and immunity orchestrated by the global gene regulator sigl in mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes johne's disease in ruminants, a chronic enteric disease responsible for severe economic losses in the dairy industry. global gene regulators, including sigma factors are important in regulating mycobacterial virulence. however, the biological significance of such regulators in m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis rremains elusive. to better decipher the role of sigma factors in m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis pathogenesis, we targeted a key sigma f ... | 2014 | 24799632 |
| evaluation of the single cervical skin test and interferon gamma responses to detect mycobacterium bovis infected cattle in a herd co-infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | this study reports the performance of the single intradermal tuberculin (sit) test and the interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) assay for mycobacterium bovis in a cattle herd with high prevalence of paratuberculosis (ptb). a total of 58/350 animals were selected for necropsy based on one or more of the following criteria: positive to sit, ifn-γ, a breeding cow that seroconverted to ptb and showed signs compatible with a wasting disease. infection status was determined by post mortem diagnostic tests that in ... | 2014 | 24794166 |
| erratum to "apparent prevalence of beef carcasses contaminated with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis sampled from danish slaughter cattle". | 2014 | 24790769 | |
| three-dimensional in vitro models of granuloma to study bacteria-host interactions, drug-susceptibility, and resuscitation of dormant mycobacteria. | mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium leprae, mycobacterium bovis, and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis can survive within host macrophages in a dormant state, encased within an organized aggregate of immune host cells called granuloma. granulomas consist of uninfected macrophages, foamy macrophages, epithelioid cells, and t lymphocytes accumulated around infected macrophages. within granulomas, activated macrophages can fuse to form multinucleated giant cells, also called giant l ... | 2014 | 24967387 |
| evaluation of viable mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk using peptide-mediated separation and propidium monoazide qpcr. | the causative agent of paratuberculosis in ruminants, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), although still a matter of debate, has been linked with crohn's and other human diseases. the availability of rapid methods for assessing the viability of map cells in food, in particular milk, could be of great use for risk management in food safety. map viability is generally assessed using culture techniques that require prolonged incubation periods for the growth of map. to differentiate ... | 2014 | 24860938 |
| effectiveness of gudair™ vaccine for the control of ovine johne's disease in flocks vaccinating for at least 5 years. | examine the prevalence of shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (mptb) at least 5 years after starting vaccination with gudair™ in flocks of varying initial prevalence of ovine johne's disease (ojd) and identify risk factors for variation in vaccine efficacy. | 2014 | 24964836 |
| deletion of rela abrogates the capacity of mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis to establish an infection in calves. | previous comparative studies in goats revealed deletion of rela but not pkng abrogates the capacity of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) to establish a persistent infection. the immune response elicited by the mutant cleared infection. the objective of the present study was to extend the studies in calves and compare the proliferative response elicited by the rela deletion mutant (δrela) and map using flow cytometry and quantitative reverse transcription real-time pcr (qrt-pcr). ... | 2014 | 24860792 |
| evaluation of immunodominant proteins of mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis cell wall by western blot analysis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) is a slow growing mycobactin, whose dependence on mycobacterial species is known to be the causative agent of johne's disease (paratuberculosis) in all species of domestic ruminants worldwide. the organism is transmitted via close contact, ingestion, or transplacentally from mother to fetus and occurs commonly in grazing domestic animals. johne's disease (jd) is characterized by gradual weight loss, decreased milk production, ... | 2014 | 24746151 |
| influence of stress connected with moving to a new farm on potentially map-infected mouflons. | there is no european legislation concerning paratuberculosis that requires that imported animals be kept in quarantine and commonly they are directly released into areas with other animals. in this study, detection of latent infection of paratuberculosis in healthy mouflons previously diagnosed as paratuberculosis-free, but originating from a real time quantitative pcr- (qpcr-) positive herd, occurred after their transport to a new farm. during a twelve-day quarantine period, all mouflons irregu ... | 2014 | 24729908 |
| lymphoproliferative and gamma interferon responses to stress-regulated mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis recombinant proteins. | johne's disease in ruminants is a chronic infection of the intestines caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. an important strategy to control disease is early detection, and a potentially efficient method for early detection is measurement of cell-mediated immune responses developed by the host in response to exposure or infection. one method is to measure lymphoproliferation and cytokine release from the host cells when exposed to the organism or parts of the organism. in this s ... | 2014 | 24695774 |