Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| identification, cloning and expression of sodc from an alkaline phosphatase gene fusion library of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | the phoa gene technology was used to investigate secreted proteins of the intracellular pathogen mycobacteriumn avium subspecies paratuberculosis. this led to the identification of sodc, a gene which codes for a copper and zinc cofactored superoxide dismutase (cu,znsod) which has been implicated as a virulence factor for some pathogens. the predicted protein possessed a 76% identity with cu,znsod of mycobacterium tuberculosis. to characterize cu,znsod from m. avium subspecies paratuberculosis, t ... | 2001 | 11549243 |
| comparative evaluation of four decontamination protocols for the isolation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from milk. | four chemical decontamination protocols for milk were compared with respect to mean percentage recovery of spiked mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, minimum detection limit and ease of application. | 2001 | 11555198 |
| bactericidal effect of chlorine on mycobacterium paratuberculosis in drinking water. | one possible route of transmission of mycobacterium paratuberculosis from cattle to humans is via contaminated water supplies. the aim of this work was to determine whether this organism can survive standard water treatment processes. | 2001 | 11555209 |
| innate ifn-gamma production in cattle in response to mpp14, a secreted protein from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | calves experimentally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and uninfected calves were tested for interferon(ifn)-gamma production after stimulation with purified protein derivative from m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (ppdp) or a secreted 14 kda protein (mpp14) specific for the m. avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum (mais) complex. several calves in both groups responded strongly up to about 5 months to both antigens. two uninfected calves responded repeatedly, but not always ... | 2001 | 11555395 |
| cytokine gene expression in ileal tissues of cattle infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | cytokine gene expression in ileal tissues of cattle infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis was evaluated. the effects of infection with m. paratuberculosis on cytokine production may influence immune regulation at the site of colonization, resulting in the chronic inflammatory state associated with the latter stages of this disease. ileal samples were obtained at necropsy from noninfected control cows (n=8) and clinically infected cows (n=7) and processed for immunohistochemistry and in si ... | 2001 | 11557295 |
| heat inactivation data for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: implications for interpretation. | we discuss several factors that are critical for heat inactivation experiments and which should be taken into account for future research. | 2001 | 11576307 |
| t cell-dependent inducible nitric oxide synthase production and ultrastructural morphology in balb/c mice infected with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | euthymic balb/c and athymic nude balb/c mice aged 3-8 days were infected intraperitoneally with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (atcc strain 19698). after euthanasia at 5 months post-inoculation, hepatic granulomas were evaluated by morphometric analysis of digital images captured from light microscopy sections, by electron microscopy and by immunohistochemical methods. euthymic mice differed from athymic mice in that (1) their hepatic granulomas were smaller, contained fewer bac ... | 2001 | 11578129 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using immonoaffinity-purified antigen in the diagnosis of caprine paratuberculosis and its comparison with conventional elisas. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (apa-elisa) using an immunoaffinity-purified antigen was developed and compared with the unabsorbed and absorbed elisa procedures, using a crude antigenic preparation, for its efficacy in detecting antibodies in goat sera against mycobacterium ovium paratuberculosis. serum samples from 89 goats belonging to three different flocks, two with a history and evidence of paratuberculosis and one without it, were subjected to each elisa, which had been standardized ... | 2001 | 11583377 |
| the esat-6 gene cluster of mycobacterium tuberculosis and other high g+c gram-positive bacteria. | the genome of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv has five copies of a cluster of genes known as the esat-6 loci. these clusters contain members of the cfp-10 (lhp) and esat-6 (esat-6) gene families (encoding secreted t-cell antigens that lack detectable secretion signals) as well as genes encoding secreted, cell-wall-associated subtilisin-like serine proteases, putative abc transporters, atp-binding proteins and other membrane-associated proteins. these membrane-associated and energy-providing pro ... | 2001 | 11597336 |
| [modelling of prevalence development in a paratuberculosis control program in a dairy herd]. | a modelling approach to calculate the success of a paratuberculosis control programme in dairy herds is presented. the essential parameters of the model are the prevalence at the beginning of the programme, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the tests used, discipline in culling test-positive animals, turnover in the herd, percentage of replacement with own stock and paratuberculosis prevalence in animals bought into the herd from outside, and a general hygiene-based factor. diagnostic me ... | 2001 | 11599437 |
| dietary effects on the microbiological safety of food. | the high mortality rate associated with human infections caused by escherichia coli strains of the serotype o157:h7 has brought to public attention the importance of ruminants as reservoirs of food-borne pathogens. in addition to established examples such as salmonella, campylobacter and listeria, recent evidence is emerging of the role of food in the transmission of helicobacter pylori and mycobacterium paratuberculosis. food-borne pathogens harboured by ruminants are spread through shedding in ... | 2001 | 11681640 |
| the effect of subclinical mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection on milk production in michigan dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of subclinical mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection on mature equivalent milk, protein, and fat production in a sample of michigan dairy herds with a history of cows positive for m. paratuberculosis diagnosed by fecal culture. a prospective two-group cohort study was conducted. participating herds were tested, and productivity and reproduction records were monitored for 18 mo. all cows aged 24 mo and greater were tested for m. paratuber ... | 2001 | 11699450 |
| protagonist. mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is a cause of crohn's disease. | 2001 | 11709506 | |
| antagonist. mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is a cause of crohn's disease. | 2001 | 11709507 | |
| survival of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in amitraz cattle dip fluid. | to determine the survival time of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in amitraz-based cattle dip fluid derived from an active dip site in northern new south wales. | 2001 | 11712711 |
| identification of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in biopsy specimens from patients with crohn's disease identified by in situ hybridization. | crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract of unknown etiology. we report on the presence of cell wall-deficient mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in 35 of 48 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 33 patients with crohn's disease by in situ hybridization with is900 as a probe. | 2001 | 11724871 |
| review article: mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as one cause of crohn's disease. | a number of theories regarding the aetiology of crohn's disease have been proposed. diet, infections, other unidentified environmental factors and immune disregulation, all working under the influence of a genetic predisposition, have been viewed with suspicion. many now believe that crohn's disease is a syndrome caused by several aetiologies. the two leading theories are the infectious and autoimmune theories. the leading infectious candidate is mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis ( ... | 2001 | 11207508 |
| fluid dairy product quality and safety: looking to the future. | the fiercely competitive nature of the us beverage industry will drive the fluid milk sector of the dairy industry to improve product quality and shelf life to enable dairy beverages to compete with innovative new introductions as well as with currently popular shelf-stable products. the recent substantial growth in the volume of flavored milk sales specifically suggests that attention is needed to improve these products. further, increasing public awareness and regulatory attention directed tow ... | 2001 | 11210019 |
| use of long-term vaccination with a killed vaccine to prevent fecal shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in dairy herds. | to determine whether vaccination with a killed vaccine prevents fecal shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis, to compare effectiveness of a culture and cull program in vaccinated and nonvaccinated herds, and to compare paratuberculosis-related preventive management in vaccinated and nonvaccinated herds. | 2001 | 11212038 |
| comparison of dna probe test and cultivation methods for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in caprine and ovine faeces. | to compare a dna probe test with two cultivation methods for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in goat and sheep faeces. | 2001 | 11221569 |
| incidence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in raw sheep and goats' milk in england, wales and northern ireland. | a blind survey of 104 raw sheep and goats' milk samples (90 goat, 14 sheeps) from bulk tanks on farms throughout england, wales and northern ireland was carried out over a 5-month period (january-may 1998) in order to determine the incidence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. each milk sample (100 ml) was divided into two 50ml portions. one portion was decontaminated with 0.75% hexadecylpyridinium chloride for 5h before culture on slopes of herrold's egg yolk medium and in bactec radiometric med ... | 2001 | 11230934 |
| on-farm batch pasteurization destroys mycobacterium paratuberculosis in waste milk. | a recent dairy survey conducted in 1996 by the national animal health monitoring system suggests between 20 and 40% of dairy herds in the united states have some level of johne's disease. this figure will continue to increase unless producers implement management regimes that will help control the spread of this disease within their herds. the neonatal calf is the target for infection with mycobacterium paratuberculosis, the causative agent of johne's disease. calves become infected via exposure ... | 2001 | 11233038 |
| use of hoechst 33342 staining to detect apoptotic changes in bovine mononuclear phagocytes infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen of macrophages that causes a chronic enteritis (johne's disease) in ruminants. the purpose of this study was to determine whether m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection causes apoptosis in bovine monocytes. using hoechst 33342 staining, we observed increased numbers of apoptotic monocytes within 6 h of infection with m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and these numbers increased further at 24 and 48 h. this effect appear ... | 2001 | 11238240 |
| identification and sub-typing of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium by randomly amplified polymorphic dna. | a commercially available kit consisting of twenty 10-mer random primers was evaluated to allow selection of a suitable primer that would permit identification and sub-typing of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium by randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd). a primer ope-20 (5'-aac-ggt-gac-c-3') was identified to be the most suitable primer when tested with four atcc reference strains of m. paratuberculosis and eight well characterized field strains e ... | 2001 | 11240105 |
| fibronectin attachment protein homologue mediates fibronectin binding by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | attachment of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to host tissue and penetration of mucosal surfaces are pivotal events in the pathogenesis of johne's disease. fibronectin (fn) binding is required for attachment and internalization of several mycobacteria by epithelial cells in vitro. the objective of this study was to further characterize the fn binding activity of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. although the bacteria bound fn poorly at ph above 7, brief acid pretreatment greatly enha ... | 2001 | 11254560 |
| in vitro activity of a novel antimycobacterial compound, n-octanesulfonylacetamide, and its effects on lipid and mycolic acid synthesis. | beta-sulfonyl carboxamides have been proposed to serve as transition-state analogues of the beta-ketoacyl synthase reaction involved in fatty acid elongation. we tested the efficacy of n-octanesulfonylacetamide (osa) as an inhibitor of fatty acid and mycolic acid biosynthesis in mycobacteria. using the bactec radiometric growth system, we observed that osa inhibits the growth of several species of slow-growing mycobacteria, including mycobacterium tuberculosis (h37rv and clinical isolates), the ... | 2001 | 11257028 |
| isolation and diagnostic potential of ismav2, a novel insertion sequence-like element from mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | a novel mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) specific insertion sequence has been identified by representational difference analysis and designated as ismav2. ismav2 has no similarity to known mycobacterial is elements but shows more than 50% identity to a non-composite transposon of streptomyces coelicolor at the dna and protein level. ismav2 is present in at least three copies on the genome as assessed by southern blot analysis and its potential value as a diagnostic ... | 2001 | 11257544 |
| seroprevalence of infection with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, bovine leukemia virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus in maritime canada dairy cattle. | the purpose of this study was to survey the seroprevalence of infection with the agents of production-limiting diseases in dairy cattle in new brunswick, nova scotia, and prince edward island. in 30 randomly selected herds per province, 30 cattle per herd were randomly selected and tested for antibodies to bovine leukemia virus (blv) and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis), while 5 unvaccinated cattle over 6 months of age were tested for antibodies to bovine vir ... | 2001 | 11265187 |
| identification and characterization of a gene encoding a 35-kda protein from mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is the causative agent of johne's disease, a chronic enteritis in ruminants. a gene homologous to that of 35-kda antigen of mycobacterium leprae was cloned and sequenced from mycobacterium paratuberculosis. the database searches revealed 82.79% and 95.67% similarities of its nucleotide sequence, with those of immunodominant 35-kda protein of m. leprae and m. avium, respectively. | 2001 | 11267779 |
| molecular epidemiological confirmation and circumstances of occurrence of sheep (s) strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cases of paratuberculosis in cattle in australia and sheep and cattle in iceland. | distinct strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with a tendency to segregate in either sheep, or cattle and other ruminants, have been described and are known as s and c strains, respectively. these strains can be distinguished by a polymorphism in the is1311 element and other dna-based methods. c strains are relatively easy to culture from tissues and faeces of animals with paratuberculosis but s strains are difficult to culture. a retrospective survey of archival formalin-fixed ... | 2001 | 11267791 |
| uptake of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis through the distal small intestinal mucosa in goats: an ultrastructural study. | various pathogens gain access to the intestinal wall via specialized cells, the m cells, found among the follicle-associated epithelial cells overlying the domes of the peyer's patches. the present study was undertaken to examine the uptake of live mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the distal small intestine of goat kids. following laparotomy, distal small intestinal segments of five goats were ligated and injected with bacterial suspension. after 1 hour, the intestinal segments wer ... | 2001 | 11280374 |
| paratuberculosis infection of nonruminant wildlife in scotland. | recent reports of natural paratuberculosis (or johne's disease) in rabbits, foxes, and stoats has focused debate on the presence and importance of wildlife reservoirs in the epidemiology of this disease. this paper describes an extensive study investigating 18 nonruminant wildlife species for evidence of paratuberculosis. using both culture and histopathological analysis, fox, stoat, weasel, crow, rook, jackdaw, rat, wood mouse, hare, and badger were found to harbor mycobacterium avium subsp. pa ... | 2001 | 11283080 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: pathogen, pathogenesis and diagnosis. | johne's disease, or paratuberculosis, is a chronic intestinal infection caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. the usually fatal disease is characterised by cachexia, and in some species diarrhoea, after a long pre-clinical phase. treatment is ineffective and economically impracticable. the infection primarily affects domestic and free-ranging ruminants, but has also been reported in primates, rabbits, stoats and foxes. since paratuberculosis is often subclinical, under-reporting ... | 2001 | 11288509 |
| control of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in agricultural species. | paratuberculosis or johne's disease is a chronic intestinal disease caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, which continues to spread in agricultural species. control of paratuberculosis is challenging and should not be underestimated. due to the long incubation period of the infection, disease is largely subclinical in domesticated livestock. hence, direct effects on animal productivity and welfare are often masked and may appear insufficient to justify large investments in contr ... | 2001 | 11288510 |
| comparison of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for serologic diagnosis of paratuberculosis (johne's disease) in cattle using different subspecies strains of mycobacterium avium. | serologic diagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis (johne's disease) with currently available tests may give false-positive results due to cross-reactions with avian and bovine tuberculosis viruses and other infectious agents. indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) for detection of antibodies against paratuberculosis based on antigens from mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (a-elisa) and m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (p-elisa) were compared. despite an expected higher specificity for m ... | 2001 | 11289215 |
| presence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in suspensions of ovine trichostrongylid larvae produced in faecal cultures artificially contaminated with the bacterium. | a reference strain of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis was added to faecal larval cultures of haemonchus contortus, ostertagia circumcincta and trichostrongylus colubriformis. samples of the larvae produced were cultured for the presence of the bacterium in modified bactec 12b medium, both before and after exposure to gamma irradiation. the water used to wash the larvae off the faecal cultures was also tested for the presence of the bacterium. positive growth was confirmed as m. a ... | 2001 | 11292085 |
| progress towards a rapid polymerase chain reaction diagnostic test for the identification of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in faeces. | hybridization-capture polymerase chain reaction (hc-pcr), a nucleic acid sequence capture technique, was evaluated on faecal samples pooled from 50 sheep and individual faecal samples as a rapid diagnostic test for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the causative agent of johne's disease. the status of each of the faecal samples was determined by radiometric culture. a simpler direct-pcr technique was evaluated on the same samples and was found to be more sensitive than hc-pcr. the lac ... | 2001 | 11292329 |
| evaluation of a commercial elisa for diagnosis of paratuberculosis in cattle. | to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of a new elisa for antibodies against mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. | 2001 | 11318370 |
| economic aspects of disease monitoring with special reference to bovine paratuberculosis. | monte carlo simulation models were used to evaluate the feasibility and potential results of a proposed national survey of the prevalence of bovine paratuberculosis (ptb) in dairy herds in norway. the expected herd prevalence was assumed to be 0.2% in the simulations. infected herds were classified as detected if 1 animal was sero-positive. with a sample size of 6000 herds at least 1 truly infected herd was detected in 99% of the iterations. the low sensitivity of the elisa test, the assumed low ... | 2001 | 11875849 |
| paratuberculosis in red deer (cervus elaphus): an immunohistochemical study. | in the present study, we compared the utility of immunohistochemistry with serological and histological results for the characterization of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) in tissues of affected red deer. bacterial isolation was considered the standard reference. samples were taken from seven clinically affected animals with typical macroscopic lesions. the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the gel diffusion tests (gd) were used for serological determi ... | 2001 | 15129586 |
| regulation of expression of major histocompatibility antigens by bovine macrophages infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis or mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium are antigenically and genetically very similar organisms; however, they differ markedly in their virulence for cattle. we evaluated the capacity of bovine macrophages infected with m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis or m. avium subsp. avium to express major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i and class ii antigens on their surface and to interact with primed autologous lymphocytes. our results indicate that infec ... | 2001 | 11159996 |
| paratuberculosis in sheep: its possible role in the epidemiology of paratuberculosis in cattle. | a total of 50 sheep originating from 15 dutch farms with a known paratuberculosis infection in their cattle herd, but with no history of paratuberculosis infection in their sheep flock, were examined for infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). the sheep had been grazing on the same pastures as the cattle or on pastures fertilised with manure from these cows. the sheep were screened for paratuberculosis by serum biochemistry, serology and intradermal skin tests. at necro ... | 2001 | 11163701 |
| johne's disease in new zealand: the past, present and a glimpse into the future. | johne's disease is endemic in cattle and sheep in new zealand and is spreading in farmed deer. - procedures for the control of johne's disease in new zealand have been sporadic and often ineffective. characterisation of strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis using molecular biological techniques have revealed two distinct strain types. one type has been found in cattle, goats and deer, and the other in sheep, goats and deer. vaccination has been identified as an important method for the contr ... | 2002 | 16032238 |
| evaluation of the long-term immune response in cattle after vaccination against paratuberculosis in two dutch dairy herds. | in the past decades, vaccination against paratuberculosis in cattle was performed in the netherlands only on a limited scale. because of its interference with the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, vaccination was restricted to herds with a high prevalence of clinical cases of paratuberculosis and was meant to aid in the economical survival of the farm. recently, a voluntary paratuberculosis certification program has started, based in part on serological screening of cattle of at least 3 years of ... | 2002 | 11900960 |
| cell sorting of formalin-treated pathogenic mycobacterium paratuberculosis expressing gfp. | gfp is widely used as a molecular tool for the study of microbial pathogens. however, the manipulation of these pathogenic microorganisms poses a health threat to the laboratory worker, requiring biosafety level ii or iii containment. although the gfpfluorophore is tolerant toformalin, a thorough analysis of this treatment on fluorescent output in prokaryotic systems has not been described. in addition, the analysis of microorganisms expressing gfp often depends on specialized equipment, which m ... | 2002 | 11911654 |
| paratuberculosis with special reference to cattle. a review. | paratuberculosis is a chronic, granulomatous enteritis caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis affecting domestic and wild ruminants. the symptoms of clinical paratuberculosis are chronic diarrhoea and progressive weight loss while subclinically infected animals mainly have decreased production. the infection is widespread throughout the world and causes substantial financial losses for the farming industry. one of the major obstacles in the control of this disease, is the diff ... | 2002 | 11918176 |
| genome scale comparison of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with mycobacterium avium subsp. avium reveals potential diagnostic sequences. | the genetic similarity between mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and other mycobacterial species has confounded the development of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific diagnostic reagents. random shotgun sequencing of the m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genome in our laboratories has shown >98% sequence identity with mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in some regions. however, an in silico comparison of the largest annotated m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis contigs, totaling 2,658, ... | 2002 | 11923349 |
| treatment of severe crohn's disease using antimycobacterial triple therapy--approaching a cure? | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is probably the best candidate for a microbial cause of crohn's disease although arguments to the contrary can be equally convincing. growing evidence suggests that prolonged antimycobacterial combination therapy can improve crohn's disease in some patients. | 2002 | 11926571 |
| treatment with drugs active against mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis can heal crohn's disease: more evidence for a neglected public health tragedy. | 2002 | 11926580 | |
| open clinical trial of rifabutin and clarithromycin therapy in crohn's disease. | crohn's disease, an inflammatory bowel disease in humans, has a suspected aetiology of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | 2002 | 11930899 |
| development and application of quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay based on the abi 7700 system (taqman) for detection and quantification of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | numerous reports have described diagnostic methods based on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) used to detect mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the causative agent of johne's disease. the result of conventional pcr tests has been only qualitative, either positive or negative; it does not present any quantitative information about the number of the agents in the specimen. a quantitative pcr method (is900 taqman) was developed to measure the number of m. a. paratuberculosis organisms p ... | 2002 | 11939333 |
| relationships between fecal culture, elisa, and bulk tank milk test results for johne's disease in us dairy herds. | objectives were to estimate percentages of seropositive herds with cows shedding mycobacterium paratuberculosis in feces and milk, and to estimate sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of an elisa relative to fecal culture. dairy cows (n = 712) were randomly selected from 61 herds previously identified by elisa as positive for johne's disease. fecal and bulk tank milk samples (n = 52 of 61 herds) were obtained from 10 states in the united states. fecal samples were processed by a double ... | 2002 | 11949855 |
| fibronectin attachment protein is necessary for efficient attachment and invasion of epithelial cells by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | attachment and ingestion of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by two epithelial cell lines were enhanced by soluble fibronectin (fn). peptide blocking of the fn attachment protein (fap-p) inhibited the internalization of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. disruption of fap-p expression significantly reduced attachment and ingestion of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis by t-24 and caco-2 cells. the results indicate that the interaction between fn and fap-p facilitates attachment and inter ... | 2002 | 11953410 |
| incidence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in bulk raw and commercially pasteurized cows' milk from approved dairy processing establishments in the united kingdom. | over a 17-month period (march 1999 to july 2000), a total of 814 cows' milk samples, 244 bulk raw and 567 commercially pasteurized (228 whole, 179 semi-skim, and 160 skim), from 241 approved dairy processing establishments throughout the united kingdom were tested for the presence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis by immunomagnetic pcr (to detect all cells living and dead) and culture (to detect viable cells). overall, m. paratuberculosis dna was detected by immunomagnetic pcr in 19 (7.8%; 95% c ... | 2002 | 11976118 |
| application of the c(18)-carboxypropylbetaine specimen processing method to recovery of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from ruminant tissue specimens. | the causative agent of johne's disease is mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. this is a chronic, debilitating gastrointestinal disorder that affects ruminants and is responsible for significant economic loss. the specimen processing method that combines c(18)-carboxypropylbetaine (cb-18) treatment and lytic enzyme decontamination has been shown to improve the diagnosis of mycobacterioses. this processing method was applied to the isolation of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis from rumina ... | 2002 | 11980960 |
| molecular characterization of pigmented and nonpigmented isolates of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | five pigmented isolates of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis were examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), is900 restriction fragment length polymorphism (is900-rflp), and is1311 polymorphism analysis using pcr. all of the pigmented isolates exhibited one of three distinct pfge profiles with snabi, designated 9, 10, and 11, and with spei, designated 7, 8, and 9, which generated three multiplex profiles designated [9-7], [10-8], and [11-9]. all of the pigmented isolates had ... | 2002 | 11980962 |
| infection and disease caused by environmental mycobacteria. | many species of mycobacteria that normally live as environmental saprophytes, the environmental mycobacteria (em), are opportunist causes of disease in humans and animals. many, but not all, cases are associated with some form of immune deficiency. an increasing number of species and clinical presentations are being described, and advances are being made in the understanding of the underlying predisposing factors. in recent years, four aspects of em disease have become particularly relevant to h ... | 2002 | 11981303 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of new citrate-based siderophores as potential probes for the mechanism of iron uptake in mycobacteria. | several iron chelators containing alpha,beta-unsaturated hydroxamic acid motifs appended to a citric acid platform were synthesized. mycobacterium paratuberculosis was then challenged to grow in the presence of a panel of siderophores (mycobactin j, deferrioxamine b, acinetoferrin, and nannochelin a) and the new synthetic agents. of the structures tested, those containing the trans 2-octenoyl motif were preferred over those with trans cinnamoyl groups. in addition, derivatives containing longer ... | 2002 | 11985473 |
| the immunogenicity of mycobacterium paratuberculosis 85b antigen. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis (mpt) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis. the disease is prevalent throughout the world, and exacts a heavy financial toll. at present, the only means of controlling this disease are culling or vaccination. the existing vaccines are not very efficient and produce a long-lasting local reaction at the point of injection and induce anti-bodies/delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) reaction that cannot be differentiated from those of naturally infected animals. ... | 2002 | 12005331 |
| in situ identification of mycobacteria in crohn's disease patient tissue using confocal scanning laser microscopy. | the diversity in the methodology employed to investigate crohn's disease (cd) etiology has added significantly to the controversy of the mycobacterial role in this chronic inflammatory bowel disease. mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map), a proposed and suspected agent in many cd patients, is a fastidious and very slow grower bacillus, which causes johne's disease (jd) in cattle. the methodology that has been widely and successfully used for isolation and identification of map from an ... | 2002 | 12005446 |
| an is900-like sequence found in a mycobacterium sp. other than mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | the insertion sequence is900 has been considered specific for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) and has, therefore, been used as the target gene for diagnostic pcr of m. paratuberculosis. from a healthy dairy cow we have isolated and characterised a mycobacterium harbouring one copy of a sequence with 94% identity to is900 at the nucleic acid level. the isolate was shown to be related to mycobacterium cookii, as assessed by 16s rrna sequencing. strong amplificatio ... | 2002 | 12007816 |
| diagnosis of paratuberculosis in naturally infected goats. | a survey was carried out to verify if an immunohistochemical method associated with agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) will establish a firm diagnosis of caprine paratuberculosis. one hundred and thirty-six goats were tested by agid for antibodies against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis at two different times: the first time 22 (19.1%) were positive and the second time 25 (18%). one seronegative goat with severe diarrhea and 5 seropositive goats, two of which showing similar clinical si ... | 2002 | 12019718 |
| evaluation of two absorbed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and a complement fixation test as replacements for fecal culture in the detection of cows shedding mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | control of paratuberculosis in dairy herds is based on preventing the transmission of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (mptb) from cows to calves by management measures, supported by removal of cows excreting these bacteria by the fecal route (mptb shedders). fecal culture is the most accurate test for identifying mptb shedders, but this technique is expensive and takes up to 16 weeks for results to be available. serologic tests are inexpensive, rapid, and easy to perform. of serologi ... | 2002 | 12033677 |
| a fluorescence polarization assay for the detection of antibodies to mycobacterium bovis in cattle sera. | a fluorescence polarization assay (fpa) utilizing fluorescein-labelled mpb70 protein as the antigen was developed and evaluated for its ability to detect antibodies to mycobacterium bovis in cattle sera. three panels of sera were examined in this study. these included: (a) sera (n=28) obtained from cattle from which m. bovis was cultured; (b) sera (n=5666) from canadian field cattle which were presumed to be free from m. bovis; (c) sera (n=10) from cattle infected with mycobacterium paratubercul ... | 2002 | 12034543 |
| analysis of mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte subset proliferation and nitric oxide production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of captive elk (cervus elaphus). | elk (cervus claphus) are reservoirs for brucella abortus, mycobacterium bovis, and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, each a serious pathogen of domestic livestock. an understanding of the basic immune responsiveness of elk would aid efforts to develop methods to diagnose and prevent these diseases of elk. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) isolated from captive elk were examined for phenotype, lymphocyte subset proliferative capacity, and ability to produce nitric oxide (no) up ... | 2002 | 12038134 |
| survey of johne's disease in imported animals in the republic of ireland. | 2002 | 12046789 | |
| assessment of test results when using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of paratuberculosis in repeated samples collected from adult dairy cattle. | to determine the proportion of adult cattle that change test status when an elisa for antibodies against mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) is used to assay samples collected twice at variable intervals and to determine whether cows with an initial strong positive result were more likely to maintain positive status, compared with all cows with an initial positive result. | 2002 | 12051511 |
| the mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis elisa response by parity and stage of lactation. | two cross-sectional studies were carried out to determine the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) response to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) by cow characteristics and stage of lactation. one of the studies (referred to as "milk-group") used milk samples from all lactating cows (n=7994) in 108 danish dairy herds. the other study (referred to as "serum-group") used serum samples collected from all cows (n=5323) in a subset of 72 herds from the 108 herds. these samples wer ... | 2002 | 12062515 |
| progressive bovine paratuberculosis is associated with local loss of cd4(+) t cells, increased frequency of gamma delta t cells, and related changes in t-cell function. | bovine paratuberculosis is caused by the infection of young calves with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, resulting in a chronic granulomatous infection of predominantly the ileum. after an incubation period of 2 to 5 years, the disease becomes progressive in some of the chronically infected, but asymptomatic cows. this results in a protein-losing enteropathy that will ultimately be fatal. a loss of cell-mediated immune responses in symptomatic animals has been described, but no infor ... | 2002 | 12065529 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by buoyant density centrifugation, sequence capture pcr and dot blot hybridisation. | detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is often hampered by the lack of efficient methods for sample treatment. we report a protocol for analysis of faecal samples based on buoyant density centrifugation in percoll and is900 sequence capture pcr combined with a dot blot assay for detection of low-grade infection of m. paratuberculosis. serial dilutions of m. paratuberculosis genomic dna and m. paratuberculosis bacteria we ... | 2002 | 12069770 |
| mycobacterium paratuberculosis heat shock protein 70 as a tool in control of paratuberculosis. | paratuberculosis in cattle is a chronic intestinal disease in which a distinctive cellular reactivity of a th1-type preceeds the phase in which antibody titers are easily detectable and the animal becomes clinically ill. during infection with mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (m.a.p), a decrease in cd4 t-helper cells has been observed in the clinical phase. our ultimate aim is to elicit a cytotoxic reaction against infected macrophages, using recombinant hsp70 (rhsp70) of m.a.p. as a too ... | 2002 | 12072241 |
| ifn-gamma diagnostic tests in the context of bovine mycobacterial infections in belgium. | in countries where cattle tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis (mbov) and paratuberculosis caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (mptb) are present, testing strategies for the mbov eradication have to discriminate between these two infections. present indirect tests are based on the analysis of the specific cellular immune response (dth, ifn-gamma) against crude mycobacterial antigens (avian and bovine ppd). in this study, we compared the evolution of the ifn-gamma response ... | 2002 | 12072265 |
| survival tactics of m. paratuberculosis in bovine macrophage cells. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) is a facultative intracellular bacterium with the ability to survive and proliferate inside the vesicles of macrophage cells. how m. paratuberculosis and other mycobacteria survive in this hostile environment is not well understood. present research findings can be divided into three possibilities: (1) mycobacteria may interfere with host protein expression and trafficking to stop vesicle maturation, (2) mycobacteria may express proteins that ... | 2002 | 12072269 |
| [establishment and evaluation of an elisa for the detection of antibodies in milk against mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis]. | mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis (johne's disease), a chronic granulomatous enteritis of ruminants occurring worldwide with increasing frequency and leading to growing economic losses. continuous surveillance of dairy farms would be advisable, particularly with respect to the increasing economic importance of paratuberculosis and the high tenacity of the pathogen, which can persist in the environment for many months. so ... | 2002 | 12073496 |
| pasteurization of milk and the heat resistance of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: a critical review of the data. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) causes johne's disease in ruminants (including cattle, sheep and goats) and other animals, and may contribute to crohn's disease in humans. this possibility, and the fact that m. paratuberculosis may be present in raw milk, make it important to ensure that the heat treatment specified for pasteurization of milk will give acceptable inactivation of this bacterium, with an adequate margin of safety. published studies of the heat res ... | 2002 | 12076031 |
| application of is900 pcr for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis directly from raw milk. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay was developed for detection of insertion sequence 900 (is900) of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in raw milk. this is900 pcr assay included dna extraction and pcr assay using commercially available kits. the dna extraction and pcr assay were optimized to detect the is900 sequence directly from raw milk. the is900 pcr assay was evaluated by inoculating raw bulk milk and middlebrook's 7h9 broth with 0 to 10(8) cfu/ml of each of four america ... | 2002 | 12086038 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in a patient with hiv, germany. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of johne disease in ruminants, has been incriminated as the cause of crohn disease in humans. we report the first case of human infection with map in a patient with hiv; infection was confirmed by obtaining isolates from several different specimen types. | 2002 | 12095444 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis specific is900 insertion sequences in bulk-tank milk samples obtained from different regions throughout switzerland. | since mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) was isolated from intestinal tissue of a human patient suffering crohn's disease, a controversial discussion exists whether map have a role in the etiology of crohn's disease or not. raw milk may be a potential vehicle for the transmission of map to human population. in a previous paper, we have demonstrated that map are found in raw milk samples obtained from a defined region in switzerland. the aim of this work is to collect data abou ... | 2002 | 12097144 |
| survey of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis serological status in beef herds on community pastures in saskatchewan. | johne's disease is a well recognized problem in dairy herds. relatively little information is available on either the prevalence or the control of johne's disease in commercial cow-calf operations. in the fall of 1999, blood samples were collected during pregnancy testing from cows on community pastures in saskatchewan. sera from these cows were analyzed using a commercial elisa for antibodies to mycoplasma avium subspecies paratuberculosis. all cows from each herd examined at the community past ... | 2002 | 12125186 |
| rabbits add to map mystery. | 2002 | 12144905 | |
| positive is900 in situ hybridization signals as evidence for role of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in etiology of crohn's disease. | 2002 | 12149398 | |
| paratuberculosis in a mandrill (papio sphinx). | a 2.5-year-old captive female mandrill (papio sphinx) died following a protracted course of intermittent abdominal bloat, diarrhea, and severe weight loss. necropsy revealed emaciation and marked gastrointestinal distention with gas and ingesta. histologic evaluation revealed severe diffuse granulomatous enterocolitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis with massive numbers of 1-2-microm acid-fast bacilli within macrophages. additionally, there was moderate to severe multifocal myocardial and vascular ... | 2002 | 12152813 |
| evaluation of bacteriologic culture of pooled fecal samples for detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | to compare sensitivity of several methods of bacteriologic culture of pooled bovine fecal samples for detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis and evaluate homogeneity in number of m paratuberculosis in pooled fecal samples. | 2002 | 12171178 |
| rapid detection of single cell bacteria as a novel approach in food microbiology. | solid-phase cytometry (spc) is a novel technique that allows rapid detection of bacteria at the single cell level, without the need for a growth phase. after filtration of the sample, the retained microorganisms are fluorescently labeled on the membrane filter and automatically counted by a laser scanning device. each fluorescent spot can be visually inspected with an epifluorescence microscope connected to the chemscan by a computer-driven moving stage. depending on the fluorogenic labels used, ... | 2002 | 12180697 |
| an estimate of specificity for a johne's disease absorbed elisa in northern australian cattle. | to estimate the specificity of an absorbed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for johne's disease (jd) when used in mature cattle populations resident in northern australia. | 2002 | 12180881 |
| agar gel immunodiffusion test (agid) evaluation for detection of bovine paratuberculosis in rio de janeiro, brazil. | the aim of this study is to evaluate the agid serological test for detection of antibodies anti-mycobacterium paratuberculosis and its possible adoption as diagnostic method in our field conditions. | 2002 | 12180935 |
| localisation of cd25+ cells and mhcii+ cells in lymph nodes draining mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis vaccination granuloma and the presence of a systemic immune response. | vaccination of goat kids against paratuberculosis protects against lesions and clinical disease. the systemic cellular response was studied in goat kids 3-9 weeks after vaccination. peripheral blood cells showed increased interferon-gamma production and expression of interleukin-2 receptor (cd25) after stimulation with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens. the lymph node draining the vaccination granuloma was studied three weeks after vaccination in a parallel group of goat kids. ... | 2002 | 12208110 |
| antigenicity of mycobacterium paratuberculosis superoxide dismutase in mice. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis (mpt) is the etiologic agent of paratuberculosis. the disease is prevalent in cattle worldwide, and exacts a heavy financial toll. effective control requires the development of acellular vaccines offering a better protection than the current available vaccines without side effects and allowing the discrimination between infected and vaccinated animals. we studied the immune response of mice to the mpt superoxide dismutase (sod) alone or adjuvanted by ribi. we clone ... | 2002 | 12208610 |
| adoptive transfer of balb/c mouse splenocytes reduces lesion severity and induces intestinal pathophysiologic changes in the mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis beige/scid mouse model. | successful immune reconstitution would enhance resistance of beige/scid mice to chronic infection with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, but may cause damage to intestinal tissue. therefore, we investigated the effect of adoptive transfer of balb/c mouse splenocytes on lesion severity and intestinal physiology in beige/scid mice infected with m. paratuberculosis. mice were inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with m. paratuberculosis, and two weeks later were inoculated i.p. with v ... | 2002 | 12211277 |
| a real time pcr assay for the detection and quantitation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using sybr green and the light cycler. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease, and may also contribute to the onset and development of crohn's disease in humans. due to its reported heat resistance, isolation from pasteurised milk and the potential for transmission of map through environmental sources, rapid detection is imperative. here, we present a rapid real time pcr assay for map that can simultaneously detect and quantify this organism in the laboratory using sybr green and t ... | 2002 | 12223288 |
| gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cattle infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | a bovine-specific cdna microarray system containing 721 unique leukocyte expressed sequence tags (ests) and amplicons representing known genes was used to compare gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from clinical and subclinical johne's disease-positive holstein cows (n = 2 per group). stimulation of pbmcs from clinically infected cows with mycobacterium paratuberculosis tended to decrease expression of 83 genes (fold change, >1.5). of these 83 genes, 16 displa ... | 2002 | 12228275 |
| differential responses of bovine macrophages to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium are antigenically and genetically similar organisms; however, they differ in their virulence for cattle. m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes a chronic intestinal infection leading to a chronic wasting disease termed paratuberculosis or johne's disease, whereas m. avium subsp. avium causes only a transient infection. we compared the response of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages to ingestion of m. avium subsp. p ... | 2002 | 12228282 |
| paratuberculosis in free-ranging fallow deer in spain. | paratuberculosis was diagnosed in a population of approximately 1,000 free-ranging fallow deer (dama dama) sampled from 1997-98 in the regional hunting reserve of el sueve (asturias, spain). five of eight animals observed with diarrhea were diagnosed as having paratuberculosis on the basis of gross lesions at postmortem examination and histopathology. in two deer, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was cultured and identified by polymerase chain reaction. indirect enzyme-linked immunoso ... | 2002 | 12238386 |
| evaluation of result variability with a commercial johne's disease enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and repeat testing of samples. | two hundred one serum samples from individual dairy cows with a range of results on initial testing with a commercial johne's disease enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kit were repeat tested 5 times in each of 2 laboratories with kits produced by the same manufacturer. the results for the samples with all 10 replicates showed that the values for individual samples often had a coefficient of variation greater than 20%. as expected, the standard deviation for the results increased as the a ... | 2002 | 12296398 |
| management factors related to seroprevalences to bovine viral-diarrhoea virus, bovine-leukosis virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum in dairy herds in the canadian maritimes. | bovine viral-diarrhoea (bvd), enzootic bovine leukosis (ebl), johne's disease (jd), and neosporosis lower on-farm productivity, reduce export competitiveness, and increase consumer concerns regarding safety. our purpose was to examine the relationship between 27 control practices and the estimated true seroprevalences for these four diseases for 2604 cattle in 90 dairy herds in the maritimes provinces of canada. overall, 37.8, 20.4, 3.4, and 19.2% of all sampled cattle were truly exposed to the ... | 2002 | 12324207 |
| mycobacterium paratuberculosis detected by nested pcr in intestinal granulomas isolated by lcm in cases of crohn's disease. | 2002 | 12325511 | |
| direct production losses and treatment costs from bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine leukosis virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum. | our purpose was to determine direct production losses (milk loss, premature voluntary culling and reduced slaughter value, mortaliy loss, and abortion and reproductive loss) and treatmetn costs (veterinary services, medication cost, and extra farm labour cost) due to four infectious diseases in the maritime provinces of canada: bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd), enzootic bovine leukosis (ebl), johne's disease (jd), and neosporosis. we used a partial-budget model, and incorporated risk and sensitivity ... | 2002 | 12350317 |
| putative in vitro expressed gene fragments unique to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | by a suppression subtractive hybridization based method, nine novel mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) fragments of between 318 and 596 bp have been identified and characterized. database search revealed little or no similarity with other mycobacteria. the uniqueness and diagnostic potential of seven of these fragments in relation to m. paratuberculosis closest relative mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (m. avium) was confirmed by species-specific pcr and southern b ... | 2002 | 12351231 |
| seroreactivities against saccharomyces cerevisiae and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis p35 and p36 antigens in crohn's disease patients. | crohn's disease (cd) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). accurate diagnosis of the disease is of great clinical importance to assess its prognosis and success of therapy. recent studies have validated and confirmed the potential utility of anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast; asca) igg/iga antibodies and anti-m. avium ss. paratuberculosis p35/p36 antibodies, separately, as serological markers to identify patients with cd. the efficacy of these markers was evaluate ... | 2002 | 12353858 |
| lesions in subclinical paratuberculosis of goats are associated with persistent gut-associated lymphoid tissue. | the organized gut-associated lymphoid tissue (the peyer's patches [pps] of domestic ruminants) is an important site of lesions caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. to investigate the association between pp morphology and the lesions of paratuberculosis in goats, two experiments were performed. five healthy kids aged 4-5 weeks were examined and the morphology of organized lymphoid tissue in the small intestine was described. morphological similarities were observed between the i ... | 2002 | 12354531 |