Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
restriction endonuclease analysis of various strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis isolated from cattle.deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) preparations from 3 reference strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis and from 23 isolates of m paratuberculosis obtained from cattle in new zealand were characterized by restriction endonuclease analysis, using the enzymes bste ii, pvu ii, and bcl i. patterns of dna fragments for strain 18 (one of the reference strains) differed markedly from patterns of other strains, indicating genetic differences between strain 18 and the other strains of m paratuberculosis eval ...19863022622
a technique for the purification of mycobacterium paratuberculosis from the ileal mucosa of infected cattle.mycobacterium paratuberculosis, the causative agent of paratuberculosis, produces considerable economic loss in the cattle industry in many countries. the slow growth of m. paratuberculosis has hindered investigations of the antigenic composition of the organism and the development of species-specific antigen for serological detection of this disease. this paper describes a simple method for the isolation of large quantities of viable m. paratuberculosis from the intestinal mucosa of infected ca ...19863533028
disseminated mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in a cow.a cow with chronic diarrhea and weight loss caused by localization of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in the intestinal tract (johne's disease) had gross and microscopic changes indicative of a disseminated infection. a direct association between the remote lesions and the intestinal infection was shown by isolation of m paratuberculosis from renal tissue, detection of intracellular m paratuberculosis antigen(s), using an indirect immunoperoxidase method, and by the characteristic granulomatous n ...19873553118
mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in a colony of stumptail macaques (macaca arctoides).mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection was documented in a colony of stumptail macaque monkeys (macaca arctoides), with 29 (76%) of 38 monkeys infected and shedding organisms in feces. thirteen deaths have occurred during the past five years. animals without overt clinical disease were shedding as many as 2 x 10(6) colony-forming units of m. paratuberculosis/g of feces. intestinal tissues from animals dying of this disease contained up to 10(8) colony-forming units of m. paratuberculosis/g of ...19873559275
prevalence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in ileocecal lymph nodes of cattle culled in the united states.during 1983 and 1984, ileocecal lymph node specimens were obtained from clinically normal cattle at 76 us department of agriculture-inspected cull cattle slaughterhouses in 32 states and puerto rico. mycobacterium paratuberculosis was isolated from the lymph nodes of 119 of 7,540 cattle. the prevalence of bovine paratuberculosis was 1.6% overall, with 2.9% in dairy culls and 0.8% in beef culls. the prevalence for females and males did not appear to differ significantly.19873570918
ingestion and intracellular growth of mycobacterium paratuberculosis within bovine blood monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages.cellular immunity is thought to be of major importance in resistance to infection with mycobacterium paratuberculosis, the causative agent of johne's disease of ruminants. the results of this study clarify the influence of bovine mononuclear phagocyte maturation on the ingestion and intracellular survival of m. paratuberculosis in vitro. optimal phagocytosis of m. paratuberculosis by cultured bovine blood monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages required the presence of 5 to 20% serum; few bac ...19873596802
determination of genome size and dna homology between an unclassified mycobacterium species isolated from patients with crohn's disease and other mycobacteria.the genome size of an unclassified mycobacterium species, isolated from a patient with crohn's disease, was determined by measurement of dna renaturation kinetics as 3.1 x 10(9) da. the percentage of dna homology of this organism to dna of related mycobacteria was evaluated by measurement of dna renaturation with heterologous dna. these studies supported the classification of this organism as mycobacterium paratuberculosis but failed to distinguish between m. paratuberculosis and organisms of th ...19873655723
isolation and analysis of restriction endonuclease digestive patterns of chromosomal dna from mycobacterium paratuberculosis and other mycobacterium species.a relatively rapid and efficient method for the extraction of chromosomal dna from mycobacterium paratuberculosis and other mycobacteria was developed. approximately 25 to 50 micrograms of dna could be extracted from 100 mg (wet weight) of cells, which was sufficient to perform several restriction endonuclease analyses from a single preparation. the dna from five mycobacterium species, including four strains of m. paratuberculosis and four strains of m. avium, was analyzed by this method. digest ...19873040802
crohn's disease-isolated mycobacteria are identical to mycobacterium paratuberculosis, as determined by dna probes that distinguish between mycobacterial species.dna extracted from an unclassified crohn's disease-isolated mycobacterium strain was cloned. the recombinant clones were radiolabeled and hybridized to restriction digests of mycobacterial dna transferred to nylon membranes. restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) were identified that distinguished between mycobacterial dna samples. quantitative estimates of frequencies of dna base substitution were also obtained. no rflps were detected between the dna of three unclassified crohn's dis ...19872884232
the use of dna probes identifying restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms to examine the mycobacterium avium complex.dna probes were used to identify restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms (rflps) in dna samples, demonstrating that the mycobacterium avium complex could be clearly divided into m. avium and mycobacterium intracellulare strains. less than 2% dna base substitution was found between m. avium strains, whereas the m. intracellulare strains had greater than 15% base substitution. the johne's disease bacillus, mycobacterium paratuberculosis (american type strain), was found to be distinguishable fro ...19872896288
analysis by elisa and western blotting of antibody reactivities in cattle infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis after absorption of serum with m phlei.preabsorption of cattle serum with mycobacterium phlei was of value in eliminating falsely positive reactions in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibodies against m paratuberculosis. specific antibody titres from 16 animals naturally infected with m paratuberculosis were unaffected by absorption. analysis by western blotting indicated that a different set of antigens of m paratuberculosis were recognised by serum from falsely positive reactors compared with tha ...19873296062
investigation of association of mycobacteria with inflammatory bowel disease by nucleic acid hybridization.we used dna-dna hybridization to characterize a mycobacterial isolate, strain linda, that was obtained from a patient with crohn's disease and that has been reported to cause ileitis in experimental animals. we also investigated the association of this mycobacterium with crohn's disease. our results identified mycobacterium strain linda as a strain of mycobacterium paratuberculosis, the etiologic agent of johne's disease, a disease of ruminants that has some superficial resemblance to crohn's di ...19873793875
lipoarabinomannan and lipid-free arabinomannan antigens of mycobacterium paratuberculosis.lipoarabinomannan (lam) and lipid-free arabinomannan (am) were prepared from mycobacterium paratuberculosis. purification of lam was done by ultracentrifugation of the phenol-water-extracted crude polysaccharide, followed by affinity and anion exchange chromatography. am was purified from the supernatant of the ultracentrifuged polysaccharide or from alkaline-extracted material by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. chemical analysis revealed arabinose and mannose in lam (1.4:1) an ...19873818096
characterization of mycobacterium paratuberculosis by gas-liquid and thin-layer chromatography and rapid demonstration of mycobactin dependence using radiometric methods.thirty-six mycobacterium paratuberculosis isolates of bovine, caprine, and ovine origins were evaluated by using gas-liquid chromatography (glc), thin-layer chromatography (tlc), and bactec 7h12 middlebrook tb medium (12a; johnston laboratories, inc., towson, md.) in an effort to more rapidly differentiate this group of organisms from other mycobacteria. bacterial suspensions (0.1 ml) were inoculated by syringe into 7h12 broth containing 2 micrograms of mycobactin p per ml and control broth with ...19873429629
rapid lysis technique for mycobacterial species.the lysis of mycobacterial cells typically has been difficult and time-consuming. we report a method for the physical rupture of mycobacterium paratuberculosis and several other members of the family mycobacteriaceae using a mini-beadbeater cell disrupter (biospec products; bartlesville, okla.) and zirconium beads, a process which yields dna and rna of high molecular weight and in greater quantity than that obtained by rupture in a ribi pressure cell.19872447121
construction of a genomic dna library of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. 198716031360
the detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in bovine faeces by isolation and the comparison of isolation with the examination of stained smears by light microscopy.the detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis organisms in bovine faeces by isolation was compared with that by the microscopical examination of ziehl-neelsen stained faecal smears for the presence of clumps of acid-fast m. paratuberculosis organisms. faeces were obtained from cattle naturally or experimentally infected with m. paratuberculosis as well as from uninfected cattle. microscopical examination was an unreliable method for the detection of m. paratuberculosis organisms, since the org ...198816031463
antigenic relationship between mycobacterium paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium.four prototype strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis contained the type-specific glycopeptidolipid antigen of serovar 8 of the m avium complex. this glycolipid was distinguished by a 4,6-(1'-carboxyethylidene)-3-o-methyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl terminal unit. of 59 low-passage, field isolates of m paratuberculosis, 2 contained this antigen, and these 2 isolates were indistinguishable from m avium serovar 8. however, most m paratuberculosis isolates had no characteristic surface glycopeptidolip ...19882459998
relationship between mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium paratuberculosis and "wood pigeon mycobacteria". determinations by dna-dna hybridization.the dna-dna homology percentages obtained in this study indicate that m. avium and m. paratuberculosis belong to one species. consequently, m. paratuberculosis ought to be considered a variant of m. avium, and the following designations are proposed: mycobacterium avium, subsp. avium. mycobacterium avium, subsp. paratuberculosis. identification and classification of "wood pigeon mycobacteria" occurring in wild animals have been problematic due to their dysgonic and mycobactin-dependent growth. d ...19883345246
role of m cells and macrophages in the entrance of mycobacterium paratuberculosis into domes of ileal peyer's patches in calves.ligated ileal loops of calves were inoculated with live and heat-killed mycobacterium paratuberculosis and were examined by light and electron microscopy. at 5 hours after inoculation, acid-fast bacilli were in subepithelial macrophages, but not in m cells covering domes. at 20 hours, more than 50 acid-fast bacilli per cross section were in subepithelial macrophages in domes. both living and heat-killed bacilli passed into domes. addition of anti-m. paratuberculosis bovine serum to the inoculum ...19883363791
the occurrence of infectious diseases in mixed farming of domesticated wild herbivores and livestock in kenya. ii. bacterial diseases.the prevalence of antibodies to brucella spp., mycobacterium paratuberculosis and the mycoplasma spp. causing contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia was determined in various species of ruminants on a ranch in the semi-arid zone of southeastern kenya. antibody titers to brucella spp. were found in eland (taurotragus oryx), oryx (oryx beisa) and camels (camelus dromedarius). reactors were not found in buffalo (syncerus caffer), sheep (ovis aries) and goats (capra ...19883373635
effect of glucocorticoids on cows suspected of subclinical infection with m. paratuberculosis.glucocorticoids were administered to 10 heifers suspected of subclinical infection with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. three animals remained untreated. m. paratuberculosis was isolated from the internal organs of 2 animals after this treatment but not from any of the control group. delayed type hypersensitivity and lymphocyte reactivity towards johnin and purified protein derivates of m. avium and m. bovis were depressed. a sharp increase in total leucocyte count, due to an increase in neutrop ...19883376411
a model for analyzing growth kinetics of a slowly growing mycobacterium sp.this report describes a simple method for quantifying viable mycobacteria and for determining generation time. we used statistical models and computer analysis of growth curves generated for the slowly growing mycobacterium mycobacterium paratuberculosis under controlled conditions to derive a mathematical formula relating the dependent variable, growth, to the independent variables, log10 number of organisms in the inoculum (inoculum size) and incubation time. growth was measured by a radiometr ...19883377502
the effect of different levels of iron intake on the multiplication of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in c57 and c3h mice.two groups of c57 and c3h mice of 5 weeks of age were infected via the intraperitoneal route with 2.0 mg (wet weight) of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. these were maintained with a similar number of segregated and non-inoculated mice of the same strains under specially controlled conditions of low, medium and high iron intake. mice were killed and bled at 7 months post-infection and assessments of haematological parameters and the degree of mycobacterial granulomatous involvement of abdominal a ...19883381491
accidental self-inoculation with mycobacterium paratuberculosis bacterin (johne's bacterin) by veterinarians in wisconsin.we surveyed wisconsin veterinarians to assess the frequency and severity of accidental self- and other human exposure to mycobacterium paratuberculosis bacterin (johne's bacterin). of 199 veterinarians administering the bacterin to cattle, 22 reported one or more exposures, including 19 needle-stick exposures, 8 skin surface exposures, and 2 oral mucosa exposures. the mean incidence of needle sticks was 5.5/100 veterinarians/year of bacterin use or 1/1,000 doses administered. the mean total dose ...19883391850
characterization of clinical isolates of mycobacterium paratuberculosis by dna-dna hybridization and cellular fatty acid analysis.the dna-dna homologies obtained were more than 90 per cent for all strains examined, including the reference strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium. consequently, in a genetic sense, m. paratuberculosis with its variants belong to a single species which should be considered a subspecies of m. avium. the same reference strains of m. paratuberculosis and m. avium showed small but distinct differences in the cellular fatty acid patterns. the norwegian goat isolate proved ...19883395476
nucleic acid hybridization studies of mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria.using molecular techniques, specifically, dna-dna hybridization in solution and measurement of the thermal stabilities of hybrids, we examined the genetic relationships among mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria and between such organisms and other (mycobactin-independent) mycobacteria. the mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria examined included five strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis, two wood pigeon isolates, and one bovine isolate that was biochemically identified as mycobacterium avium. all ...19883410945
evaluation of the serological response of sheep in one flock to mycobacterium paratuberculosis by crossed immunoelectrophoresis.sera from 74 sheep culled from one flock on the basis of performance and response to immunological tests for paratuberculosis or maedi visna were used to evaluate the serological response to a sonicated antigen of mycobacterium paratuberculosis by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. a total of seven precipitating components was demonstrated. four components (a,c,v,w) were detected in low frequency only with sera from animals with paratuberculosis while two components (x,y) were detected in high frequ ...19883130975
identification and control of paratuberculosis in a large goat herd.mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection was detected in 2 goats in 1974 and in 5 goats in 1975; 5 of which were from a single herd. the magnitude of the subsequent epizootic in the goat herd was not recognized until 1977, when results of bacteriologic culture of fecal and tissue specimens, antibody determinations (agar-gel immuno-diffusion test), and histopathologic studies became available. by 1984, paratuberculosis had been diagnosed in 124 goats. nearly all the goats were being used in antis ...19883150253
the distribution of ferritin, lactoferrin and transferrin in granulomatous lymphadenitis of bovine paratuberculosis.immunohistochemical examination of iron-binding proteins was carried out in the formalin-fixed mesenteric lymph nodes of normal cattle and of cattle with paratuberculosis. ferritin (ft) and lactoferrin (lf) were found in the granulomas in ileal lymph nodes from six infected cattle. a weak reaction for transferrin (tf) was found in granulomas of a lymph node from one of the infected cattle. ft was found in the macrophages in the medullary sinuses of normal and infected nodes; however, the reactio ...19883183087
igg, igm and iga in the serum of cattle naturally infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis.serum igg, igm and iga antibody response in 20 cattle naturally infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis and in 15 non-infected cattle were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. a strong igg response was detected in 16 (80%) of the infected animals. diagnostic levels of igm were detectable in all of the infected animals as well as in 8 (53%) of the non-infected animals. animals with paratuberculosis had a very weak specific serum iga response and this appears to be of little value i ...19883219828
fecal culture of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in cattle using a centrifugation specimen processing step. 19883232608
diagnostic value of mammalian, avian and johnin ppd tuberculins in cattle herds infected by mycobacterium paratuberculosis. 19883254082
cytokine regulation of the intracellular growth of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in bovine monocytes.in this study we examined the influence of various crude and recombinant cytokines on the ingestion and intracellular survival of mycobacterium paratuberculosis within bovine monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. cytokine pretreatment had little effect on the ingestion of m. paratuberculosis by bovine monocytes and macrophages. monocytes that were continuously incubated with virus-induced crude bovine interferon (100 u) or recombinant bovine alpha interferon (100 u) significantly restricte ...19882838423
characterization of total deoxyribonucleic acid of mycobacterium paratuberculosis (atcc 19698) and of m. avium complex (atcc 25291) using restriction enzymes.total dna was extracted from m. paratuberculosis (atcc 19698) and from m. avium complex (atcc 25291) cultivated on rvb-10 enriched liquid media. restriction endonuclease analysis was conducted of total dna using 34 enzymes and dna digestion profiles were compared. fifteen enzymes revealed important differences between the two species. two pairs of enzymes (ecorii, bstni) and (mboi, sau3ai) provide evidence for the presence of dcmi and dam methylation in dna of m. avium complex and m. paratubercu ...19882854962
intestinal multiplication of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in athymic nude gnotobiotic mice.in this study gnotobiotic mice were inoculated with a human isolate of mycobacterium paratuberculosis (strain linda; atcc 43015) in an attempt to investigate the pathogenesis of intestinal paratuberculosis. mycobacterium paratuberculosis-monoassociated nu/+ mice developed a persistent low-level intestinal infection but did not support progressive bacillary multiplication. in contrast, monoassociated nu/nu mice eventually harbored approximately 10(7) m. paratuberculosis per g of intestinal tissue ...19892909488
control of johne's disease in four commercial dairy herds in iowa.a 6-year study was conducted in 4 dairy herds in iowa in which johne's disease was diagnosed previously. fecal specimens were collected at 6-month intervals from animals 2 years of age and over for mycobacteriologic examination. serum samples were obtained at 3-month intervals and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the antigen used in the elisa was a potassium chloride extract of a field strain of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. the elisa reactions were observed in 87% of the c ...19892488348
paratuberculosis in cattle: a comparison of three serologic tests with results of fecal culture.feces and blood were collected from cattle in 13 herds known to be infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis to evaluate a complement-fixation (cf) test, an agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the serologic diagnosis of paratuberculosis. m. paratuberculosis was isolated from the feces of 36 of 192 cattle examined. twenty-three culture-positive animals had cf test titers regarded as suspect or positive, 10 were positive by the agid test and ...19892495699
evaluation of the agar gel immunodiffusion test for diagnosis of subclinical paratuberculosis in cattle.concurrent bacteriologic culture of feces and agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) testing was performed on all cows and bred heifers over 14 months old in 10 dairy herds during a 32-month period to determine the effectiveness of the agid test for the detection of subclinical paratuberculosis. herds were sampled 5 times and, when possible, culled animals were tested again at slaughter. during 5 herd-wide samplings, mycobacterium paratuberculosis was isolated from 139 fecal specimens obtained from 109 ...19892496629
comparative intracellular growth of difficult-to-grow and other mycobacteria in a macrophage cell line.we have recently developed a murine macrophage cell line (j-774) model which permits the growth of various mycobacteria (8). the purpose of the present investigation was to compare the intracellular growth of various difficult-to-grow mycobacteria (mycobacterium paratuberculosis, m. ulcerans), and other pathogenic (m. tuberculosis h37rv, m. kansasii, m. bovis) and nonpathogenic or avirulent (m. tuberculosis h37ra, m. bovis bcg, m. gastri) mycobacteria. electron microscopic studies were also perf ...19892503976
genetic relatedness among mycobacterium paratuberculosis and m. avium complex.total dna was extracted from m. paratuberculosis (atcc 19698) and from m. avium complex (atcc 25291) cultivated on rvb-10 enriched liquid media. restriction endonuclease analysis of total dna was performed with 34 enzymes and dna digestion profiles were compared. fifteen enzymes revealed important differences between the two species. two pairs of enzymes (ecorii, bstni) and (mboi, sau3ai) provide evidence for the presence of dcmi and dam methylation in dna of m. avium complex and m. paratubercul ...19892503996
serodiagnosis of ovine paratuberculosis, using lipoarabinomannan in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.the use of lipoarabinomannan (lam; obtained from mycobacterium paratuberculosis) in and elisa (lam-elisa) to test 75 sheep sera from a paratuberculosis-infected flock resulted in an approximate threefold increase in sensitivity (from 23.5% to 70.6%), compared with the use of annau's polysaccharide in a complement fixation test (p-cft). even after manipulation of the lam-elisa cut-off value to produce a specificity of 100% to match that of the p-cft, the sensitivity still was approximately twofol ...19892504085
detection and identification of mycobacteria by amplification of mycobacterial dna.a 383bp segment of the gene coding for the 65kd mycobacterial antigens from mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium bovis, mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium paratuberculosis, and mycobacterium fortuitum was amplified using taq polymerase and synthetic oligonucleotide primers and the amplified dnas from four of these species were compared by nucleotide sequencing. although the gene segments from these species showed considerable similarity, oligonucleotide probes which could distinguish m. tub ...19892507865
comparison of dot immunobinding assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunodiffusion for serodiagnosis of paratuberculosis.a rapid, simple and inexpensive dot immunobinding assay (dia) was evaluated for the serodiagnosis of paratuberculosis in cattle. the assay was performed on nitrocellulose strips which were dotted with purified protoplasmic antigen of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. after incubation with test serum samples, the bound antibodies were detected using an enzyme-amplified immunostaining procedure. the efficacy of dia as a screening test for paratuberculosis was compared to that of an enzyme-linked imm ...19892512004
insertion elements in mycobacteria.we have isolated and characterised a repetitive element from the genome of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. this repetitive element shows many features characteristic of a bacterial insertion element.19892548361
sequence and characteristics of is900, an insertion element identified in a human crohn's disease isolate of mycobacterium paratuberculosis.the complete sequence of an insertion element is900 in mycobacterium paratuberculosis is reported. this is the first characterised example of a mycobacterial insertion element. is900 consists of 1451bp of which 66% is g + c. it lacks terminal inverted and direct repeats, characteristic of escherichia coli insertion elements but shows a degree of target sequence specificity. a single open reading frame (orf 1197) coding for 399 amino acids is predicted. this amino acid sequence, and to a lesser e ...19892555783
dna probes demonstrate a single highly conserved strain of mycobacterium avium infecting aids patients.strains of the mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex (maic) have become important colonisers of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). restriction fragment length polymorphisms were used to study the dna from 88 maic isolates, including 51 derived from 47 aids patients. maic isolates from 33 of 45 aids patients were identical at the molecular level and distinct from the mycobacteria isolated from the stools of healthy subjects. the study also showed that serotyping correla ...19892562881
the genetic relationship between mycobacterium paratuberculosis and the m. avium complex. 19892569802
dna polymorphism in mycobacterium paratuberculosis, "wood pigeon mycobacteria," and related mycobacteria analyzed by field inversion gel electrophoresis.mycobacterium paratuberculosis strains, mycobacteria from patients suffering from crohn's disease, "wood pigeon mycobacteria," and representatives of mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare were compared by restriction endonuclease drai digestion and field inversion gel electrophoresis. characteristic profiles were seen for m. paratuberculosis, including isolates from patients suffering from crohn's disease, for wood pigeon mycobacteria, and for m. avium-m. intracellulare serotypes 2, 1 ...19892574186
crohn's disease and the mycobacterioses: a review and comparison of two disease entities.crohn's disease is a chronic granulomatous ileocolitis, of unknown etiology, which generally affects the patient during the prime of life. medical treatment is supportive at best, and patients afflicted with this disorder generally live with chronic pain, in and out of hospitals, throughout their lives. the disease bears the name of the investigator who convincingly distinguished this disease from intestinal tuberculosis in 1932. this distinction was not universally accepted, and the notion of a ...19892644025
immunohistochemical examination for mycobacteria in intestinal tissues from patients with crohn's disease.we conducted an immunohistochemical search for mycobacteria in the intestinal tissues of patients with crohn's disease. tissues obtained by biopsy or surgical resection and fixed by a variety of methods (formalin, periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde, fresh-frozen) were reacted by an immunoperoxidase method with antibodies to (a) mycobacterium paratuberculosis strain linda, (b) m. tuberculosis, and (c) the common mycobacterial antigen, lipoarabinomannan. each of the antibody preparations was shown ...19892647572
comparison of two methods for isolation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis from bovine fecal samples.fecal samples from 131 cattle clinically suspect for paratuberculosis were cultured bacteriologically, using the traditional sedimentation processing method and a processing method that included a centrifugation step. of 16 samples that were contaminated, 6 were culture-positive on at least 1 medium and by 1 processing method. ten of 131 (7.6%) fecal samples processed by both methods were lost because of contamination. the number of culture-positive samples (using both processing methods) were 6 ...19892672913
the specificity of antibody response in experimental and natural bovine paratuberculosis studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel.the sonicate antigen (mps) of a local strain (ivri) of mycobacterium paratuberculosis and a commercial lysate of strain 18 were analysed using hyperimmune rabbit and calf antisera to mps in crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel (cie-ig) and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the rabbit antiserum was more potent than the calf antiserum and it precipitated 35 and 15 antigens, respectively, among mps and lysate antigens. sds-page resolved 50 and 32 ...19892696199
sequential bacteriological observations in relation to cell-mediated and humoral antibody responses of cattle infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis and maintained on normal or high iron intake.twenty calves were orally infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis before weaning. ten of these plus 4 non-infected controls were maintained on elevated dietary iron intake from 6 to 33 months of age. during this time, in which the majority of animals were bred, the influence of increased dietary iron upon tests of cellular and humoral immune responsiveness to antigens of the organism were monitored. results were examined in relation to the organism's capacity to multiply and infect up to 7 ...19892712768
bovine fetal infection with mycobacterium paratuberculosis.in utero transmission of mycobacterium paratuberculosis, the causative agent of paratuberculosis in cattle, has been suggested. tissue specimens were obtained at a packing plant from pregnant dairy cows and their fetuses and from cows with clinical signs of paratuberculosis and from their fetuses. specimens were processed according to methods described for isolating m paratuberculosis from bovine tissues and were incubated on herrold egg yolk medium for 16 weeks. presumed positive specimens were ...19892722634
effects of altered dietary iron intake in mycobacterium paratuberculosis-infected dairy cattle: sequential observations on growth, iron and copper metabolism and development of paratuberculosis.twenty calves were orally inoculated with mycobacterium paratuberculosis at six weeks old. at six months old, 10 of these, plus four uninfected controls were maintained on limited dietary copper and supplemented iron intake for a further 27 months. during this time all these animals, together with a further four untreated controls, were bred before being killed and examined for evidence of paratuberculosis. despite significant reduction in weight gain, attributable to both iron supplementation a ...19892740623
development of a diagnostic test for johne's disease using a dna hybridization probe.a dna probe, m13 mphaw71, that detects mycobacterium paratuberculosis in the fecal material of infected animals was developed for use in the diagnosis of johne's disease. the probe detected as few as 10(5) m. paratuberculosis when hybridized under stringent conditions to total genomic dna purified from bovine fecal material. when the probe was used diagnostically, it did not differentiate members of the mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare-m. paratuberculosis complex. compared with culturing, t ...19892768445
experimental paratuberculosis (johne's disease)--studies on biochemical parameters in cattle.ten male holstein-friesian calves naturally infected by mycobacterium paratuberculosis were experimentally re-infected orally at an average of 17 days. monthly measurements were conduced of the following activities, in the period between post infection days 160 and 400: total protein (tpr), albumin (alb), cholesterol (chol), triglycerides (trig), zn and cu concentrations as well as sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (alpha-hbdh), gamma-glutam ...19892774844
identification of a repetitive dna sequence specific to mycobacterium paratuberculosis.a 0.2-kb dna sequence specific to mycobacterium paratuberculosis, the causative organism of johne's disease, was isolated from a partial genomic library. the sequence was part of a larger repetitive dna element and was present in strains of m. paratuberculosis from cattle, sheep, goat, deer and also a woman with crohn's disease but not in m. paratuberculosis strain 18. the sequence was not present in strains of 19 other mycobacterial species including 31 reference serotype strains of the m. aviu ...19892777063
analysis of restriction endonuclease fragment patterns of dna from mycobacterium paratuberculosis.the dna from 31 isolates and a reference strain of mycobacterium paratuberculosis was digested individually with restriction endonucleases bste ii and pst i. dna fragments were separated by gel electrophoresis and analyzed. the isolates were from 23 american states, argentina and nova scotia. twenty-seven were isolated from cattle, two from goats and two from sheep. with the exception of one isolate from cattle, all had restriction endonuclease fragment patterns identical to the fragment pattern ...19892784928
a rabbit model for study of mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection.of 21 newborn rabbits inoculated orally with mycobacterium paratuberculosis atcc 19698, 13 (62%) became infected, as determined by histopathology and culture. of the 21 inoculated rabbits, 14 (67%) experienced episodes of intermittent diarrhea, sometimes as early as 5 months after inoculation. feces varied in consistency from soft-semisolid to watery. the organism was isolated from the sacculus rotundus, vermiform appendix of the cecum, ileum, mesenteric lymph node, and feces of 9 of 21 (43%) m. ...19892807547
a modified elisa for the detection of goats infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. 19892818377
a cloned dna probe for the detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis.dna extracted from mycobacterium paratuberculosis, which had been isolated from a cow with clinical johne's disease, was used to make a gene library in the escherichia coli expression vector phage lambda gt11. plaque-lifts were made from the library onto nitrocellulose membranes. these were screened by differential hybridization using radiolabelled chromosomal dna from m. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium phlei. by this method six recombinants that hybridized to m. paratuberculosis but not to m ...198916031516
some immune responses in cattle exposed to mycobacterium paratuberculosis after injection with modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccine.delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to mycobacterium paratuberculosis purified protein derivative (ppd) were decreased in cows experimentally exposed to m. paratuberculosis 7 days after exposure to a modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (ml-bvdv) vaccine. in vitro lymphocyte blastogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin were decreased in each of 3 cows 7 days after exposure to ml-bvdv vaccine. also, decreased lymphocyte blastogenic responses to m. paratuberculosis ppd were observed in cul ...19901965582
characterization of mycobacterium paratuberculosis and organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex by restriction polymorphism of the rrna gene region.nineteen mycobacterium paratuberculosis strains, including strains of bovine, caprine, ovine, cervid, subhuman primate, and human origins, were compared with organisms of the m. avium complex by restriction fragment length polymorphism with a 5s rrna gene probe as the reference dna. mycobacterial dna was extracted, digested with several restriction enzymes, subjected to electrophoresis and southern blotting, and then hybridized with a 5s rrna gene probe from escherichia coli. hybridizing bands w ...19901969866
identification of restriction fragment length polymorphisms in dna from mycobacterium paratuberculosis.dnas from 34 mycobactin-dependent isolates of mycobacterium paratuberculosis and 1 isolate of m. paratuberculosis 18 were digested with four restriction endonucleases. southern hybridization experiments were performed with a 32p-labeled oligonucleotide dna probe derived from the sequence of is900, an insertion sequence present in 15 to 20 copies per m. paratuberculosis chromosome. the probe hybridized with dna from each of the mycobactin-dependent isolates, and restriction fragment length polymo ...19901979332
effects of colonial morphology and tween 80 on antimicrobial susceptibility of mycobacterium paratuberculosis.smooth (sm) and rough (rg) colonial types of mycobacterium paratuberculosis atcc 19698 and two clinical isolates were tested to examine their growth responses in medium containing antimicrobial agents. susceptibility tests were done in middlebrook 7h12b medium with and without tween 80 and one of the following antimicrobial agents: streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, ciprofloxacin, and penicillin g. growth responses in the presence of antimicrobial agents led to the following observat ...19902088185
immunohistochemical study of bovine lymph nodes with antibodies against s100 protein subunits: comparison between lymph nodes of healthy and mycobacterium paratuberculosis-infected cattle.using immunohistochemistry, the differential distribution of the alpha subunit (s100 alpha) and beta subunit (s100 beta) of s100 protein was studied in mesenteric lymph nodes from normal or mycobacterium paratuberculosis-infected cattle. in epithelioid cell granulomas, s100 alpha-positive epithelioid cells and some giant cells were scattered among s100 alpha-negative cells, which were predominant. the s100 beta-positive and -negative cells contained acid-fast bacilli. the presence of s100 beta-p ...19902089532
cyclophosphamide and prednisolone exacerbate the severity of intestinal paratuberculosis in mycobacterium paratuberculosis monoassociated mice.in this study we examined the effects of continuous oral administration of the immunosuppressive agents cyclophosphamide and prednisolone on the susceptibility of gnotobiotic nu/+ balb/c mice to intestinal paratuberculosis. treatment with either cyclophosphamide or prednisolone led to fecal shedding of mycobacterium paratuberculosis, and increased the numbers of m. paratuberculosis recovered from the intestinal tract and liver, to levels similar to those recovered from untreated nu/nu mice. nume ...19902097495
gas chromatographic characterization of the relationship between some mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium paratuberculosis strains.mycobacterium avium strain p-55 and m. avium strain dent differ from m. avium strain 16909-338 on the basis of their fatty acid spectra (c14:0, c18:0 and tuberculostearic [tbs] acids) studied by multivariate statistical analyses. strains p-55 and dent are closer to m. paratuberculosis strain 5889 than to m. avium strain 16909-338, a finding which is in harmony with earlier immunological observations. the recently isolated m. paratuberculosis strain 385 has proved different from m. paratuberculos ...19902099604
diagnostic value of intravenously administered johnin purified protein derivative (ppd) in bovine paratuberculosis.the diagnostic value of intravenously administered johnin purified protein derivative (ppd) was studied in 45 cattle of different age, coming from herds infected by, or free from, mycobacterium paratuberculosis. in addition to observing the clinical symptoms, the animals' sera were assayed for specific antibodies by the complement fixation (cft) and immunodiffusion (agid) tests. the blastogenic transformation of peripheral lymphocytes was determined on the basis of 3htdr incorporation. changes i ...19902100937
comparison of the complement-fixation and agar gel immunodiffusion tests for diagnosis of subclinical bovine paratuberculosis.the performance of the serum complement fixation (cf) test was compared with that of a serum agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test on 74 subclinically infected and 154 uninfected cattle in 6 commercial midwestern dairy herds with mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection and on 30 cattle in a herd that was free of infection. infection status of cattle within herds was established by performance of a series of 3 or more fecal cultures and of ileocecal lymph node cultures of culled cattle. in cattle ...19902107777
experimental infection of calves with an apparently specific goat-pathogenic strain of mycobacterium paratuberculosis.four calves and four goat kids were inoculated perorally with a norwegian goat-pathogenic strain of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. none of the calves developed clinical disease, pathological lesions or humoral antibody response, but the organism was reisolated from the small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes when the calves were slaughtered after 7, 12, 14 and 18 months, respectively. as one of the goats died of non-specific causes and one did not become infected, two remained as positive co ...19902108999
t-cellular immune reactions (in macrophage inhibition factor assay) against mycobacterium paratuberculosis, mycobacterium kansasii, mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease.a mycobacterial aetiology has been suggested for crohn's disease. a slow growing mycobacterium, biochemically and genetically identical to m paratuberculosis, the causative agent of enteritis in ruminants (johne's disease), has been isolated from gut specimens of patients affected by crohn's disease. if m paratuberculosis or other mycobacteria play a role in the pathogenesis of crohn's disease, then patients may have been sensitised to these mycobacteria or show an anergy immune reaction. we the ...19902112502
paratuberculosis in a cattle herd: comparison of allergic, serologic and faecal microscopic tests.in a beef herd of 230 cows kept on pasture and infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis, faecal samples were tested microscopically and the blood serum by the complement fixation and the immunodiffusion test. intradermal tests were carried out simultaneously with bovine and avian tuberculin as well as with two dilutions (0.86 mg/ml and 0.50 mg/ml tuberculoprotein) of paratuberculin. in the tested herd 35.2% of the cows gave positive faecal tests while 10 and 9.1% were positive in the agar ge ...19902125397
isolation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis from the uterine flush fluids of cows with clinical paratuberculosis.mycobacterium paratuberculosis was isolated from the uterine flush fluids obtained from 3 to 4 cows with clinical paratuberculosis. four cows with clinical paratuberculosis were subjected to uterine lavage, using an established embryo recovery technique, and the recovered fluids were cultured for m paratuberculosis. mycobacterium paratuberculosis has previously been demonstrated to adhere to bovine ova. embryos within the uterus of a superovulated cow infected with m paratuberculosis could be ex ...19902125588
identification of two groups of mycobacterium paratuberculosis strains by restriction endonuclease analysis and dna hybridization.genomic dna was prepared from four reference strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis and 46 isolates of this organism from new zealand, australia, canada, and norway and also from two mycobactin-dependent "wood pigeon" strains. the dna was characterized by restriction endonuclease analysis, both with and without dna hybridization, with a probe specific to a repetitive dna sequence in m. paratuberculosis. both techniques differentiated m. paratuberculosis strains into two groups, but dna hybrid ...19902166089
molecular biology of crohn's disease mycobacteria.a glasgow surgeon, t.k. dalziel, published a detailed description of chronic enteritis in humans in 1913. he proposed that the disease was caused by the same organisms as those responsible for chronic enteritis, johne's disease, in animals described a few years earlier (1895). dalziel's dilemma was that he could see acid-fast bacilli in the diseased animal tissues but not in the diseased human tissues. little real progress in the medical understanding of the causes of chronic enteritis in humans ...19902169929
isolation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis from washed bovine ova after in vitro exposure.to establish whether mycobacterium paratuberculosis could be cultured from dulbecco phosphate-buffered saline solution (dpbss) and to test 3 sampling methods, dpbss supplemented with 2% fetal bovine serum was inoculated with m paratuberculosis at concentrations of 10(4), 10(3), 10(2), 10(1), and 10(0) colony-forming units/ml. the inoculated media was sampled after mixing, after centrifugation, and after centrifugation and decontamination with 0.75% hexadecylpyridinium chloride. the samples were ...19902186676
protein g-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anti-mpb70 antibodies in bovine tuberculosis.mpb70 is a highly species specific protein which is secreted from mycobacterium bovis during culture. to investigate whether antibodies against mpb70 can be used as an indicator of infection with m. bovis, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed, based on the use of biotinylated protein g, to provide a common indicator for antibody formation in different species. during experimental infection with m. bovis in cattle, a characteristic pattern of anti-mpb70 antibody production was obser ...19902191012
preliminary observations on ovine paratuberculosis (johne's disease) in zambia.in an imported flock of sheep from south africa, an ewe became partially anorexic and gradually losing weight and conditions. the paratuberculosis (johne's disease) was confirmed on clinical, faecal and histopathological examination. cultural examination remained doubtful. serological investigation of other sheep in the flock and at other farm reacted to antibodies of mycobacterium paratuberculosis on complement fixation test. the study suggests that the disease is actively spreading. this is th ...19902218037
characterization of mycobacterium paratuberculosis and "wood-pigeon" mycobacteria by isoenzyme profile and selective staining of immunoprecipitates.cell-free extracts of various strains belonging to mycobacterium paratuberculosis (ptb) and "wood-pigeon" (wp) mycobacteria were compared by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the various protein bands obtained were tested for peroxidase enzyme activity. one strain of mycobacterium avium served as a control. bacterial extracts were also analysed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (criep) and fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis (friep) using antisera raised in rabbit against m. paratuberculosis ...19902218060
genetic regulation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in recombinant inbred mice. 19902238389
effect of polyoxyethylene sorbate compounds (tweens) on colonial morphology, growth, and ultrastructure of mycobacterium paratuberculosis.polyoxyethylene sorbate (tween) compounds were tested to compare their growth stimulation effects on mycobacterium paratuberculosis. three low passage and three high passage clinical isolates and atcc strain 19698 were used. tween 20, 40, 60, and 80 were tested at concentrations of 0, 0.001, 0.01, 1.0, and 3.0% (w/v) in radiometric broth culture media and in middlebrook 7h9 agar plates. scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine cell wall appearance and ultrastructure, re ...19902245009
enhanced radiometric detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis by using filter-concentrated bovine fecal specimens.a commercial radiometric medium, bactec 12b, was modified by addition of mycobactin, egg yolk suspension, and antibiotics (vancomycin, amphotericin b, and nalidixic acid). decontaminated bovine fecal specimens were filter concentrated by using 3-microns-pore-size, 13-mm-diameter polycarbonate filters, and the entire filter was placed into the radiometric broth. comparison of the radiometric technique with conventional methods on 603 cattle from 9 mycobacterium paratuberculosis-infected herds fou ...19902254428
the sensitivity and specificity of a modified elisa for the diagnosis of johne's disease from a field trial in cattle.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibodies against mycobacterium paratuberculosis in cattle was evaluated in three herds known to have johne's disease. prior to testing, the plasma was absorbed with dried mycobacterium phlei in order to remove cross-reacting antibody specificities. the sensitivity and specificity of the elisa were calculated after repeatedly testing 327 cattle in the infected herds. of these, 53 animals had one or more positive faecal cultures o ...19902281604
probable paratuberculosis in a sicilian ass.a presumptive diagnosis of paratuberculosis was made in a sicilian ass on the basis of a history of chronic diarrhea and weight loss, pasture exposure to a heifer with paratuberculosis confirmed by bacterial culture of feces, postmortem identification of granulomatous inflammation of the intestine containing acid-fast organisms, the absence of acid-fast organisms in extraenteric tissues, and the absence of exposure to tuberculosis. the literature on paratuberculosis in equids is reviewed. the po ...19902298679
bactericidal activities of various antimicrobial agents against human and animal isolates of mycobacterium paratuberculosis.the mics and mbcs of various antimicrobial agents for strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis isolated from animal and human sources were evaluated. the mics and mbcs of rifabutin, ciprofloxacin, ethambutol, clofazimine, streptomycin, cefazolin, and amikacin were found to be well below therapeutic levels in serum and tissue.19902327783
use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to estimate prevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle of florida.a survey was conducted from 1986 through 1987, for which an elisa was used to obtain information on the prevalence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in cattle of florida. results revealed prevalence of 8.6% in beef cattle and 17.1% in dairy cattle. in beef and dairy cattle, prevalence increased with increasing herd size. it was concluded that elisa-detectable circulating antibodies to m paratuberculosis are widespread in cattle of florida.19902332370
growth of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in radiometric, middlebrook and egg-based media.the ability of bactec radiometric 7h12 broth, middlebrook 7h10 tween broth, middlebrook 7h10 agar, and herrold's egg-yolk medium to provide early detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis was evaluated. the minimum detection times in days for the various media were: 7h12, 9; 7h10 agar, 23 (plate), 28 (slant); 7h10 tween broth; 27; and herrold's egg-yolk medium, 43 (plate), 49 (slant). the radiometric broths provided the earliest detection of m. paratuberculosis, and 3625 organisms ml-1 were re ...19902336785
the pathology of johne's disease in sheep.the clinical, gross and histopathological findings in 50 sheep affected with johne's disease are described. clinically 90% were emaciated and 20% showed severe diarrhoea. on necropsy there was thickening of the walls of the intestines, particularly of the ileum, caecum and less frequently the jejunum, but in 36% of sheep the changes were only mild. histologically there was a granulomatous enteritis, typhlitis and colitis, with the most severe changes in the terminal ileum. high numbers of acid-f ...19902344336
use of highly specific dna probes and the polymerase chain reaction to detect mycobacterium paratuberculosis in johne's disease.dna probes that hybridize to a mycobacterial insertion sequence, is900, present in multiple copies in the genome of mycobacterium paratuberculosis were found to be highly specific for m. paratuberculosis. dna sequences derived from is900 were used to prepare dna primers for detection and identification of m. paratuberculosis by the polymerase chain reaction. highly specific direct detection of m. paratuberculosis dna in feces from cattle with johne's disease was obtained. the polymerase chain re ...19902351737
impaired humoral immune responses to mycobacterial antigen in aged murine gut-associated lymphoid tissues.senescence-related alterations of local gut mucosal immune responses to enteric mycobacterial antigen (ag) were examined. both aged (greater than 24 months old) and young adult (4-5 months old) balb/c mice were enterically immunized with crude mycobacterium paratuberculosis (m. paratbc) protoplasmic ag, and in vitro ag- and class-specific immunoglobulin (g) production by lymphocytes from gut-associated lymphoid tissues (galt) (peyer's patches, pp; mesenteric lymph nodes, mln) and non-galt (splee ...19902362471
in vivo immunologic intervention in age-related t cell defects in murine gut-associated lymphoid tissues by il2.our recent studies indicate that the aging process impairs gut mucosal humoral immune responses to mycobacterial antigen (ag), largely owing to defects in t cell function--in particular, that of suppressor t cells. to correct the age-associated ag-specific t cell-mediated immune alteration recombinant il2 (50,000 units/s.c./mouse/day) was administered for 3 weeks to the aged (greater than 24 months) mice (balb/c), which were divided into 4 groups (gr) [gr. 1, fed intragastrically (i.g.) with sal ...19902362472
granulomatous enteritis following oral inoculation of newborn rabbits with mycobacterium paratuberculosis of bovine origin.to assess the rabbit as a model for the study of paratuberculosis infection, two groups of newborn rabbits were orally inoculated at one to two days of age with mycobacterium paratuberculosis (atcc 19698 or field strain 22206) and compared to uninoculated controls. nine of thirteen rabbits (69%) inoculated with atcc 19698, and all three rabbits inoculated with 22206, experienced episodes of intermittent diarrhea starting four months after inoculation. multifocal granulomas containing acid-fast o ...19902379110
immunohistochemical methods for the visualization of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in bovine tissues.the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap), streptavidin-biotin (sb), and avidin-biotin-complex (abc) techniques have been evaluated for the visualization of mycobacterium paratuberculosis (mp) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded bovine tissues. the used immunoperoxidase techniques were comparatively better than the ziehl-neelsen stain, specially for the demonstration of small number of mycobacteria in tissue sections.19902382517
some diagnostic features of the pathogenesis of bovine paratuberculosis (johne's disease) and serum biochemical changes after oral reinfection.ten bull-calves were infected with 10(8) viable cells of mycobacterium paratuberculosis per os. during the 400-day period of observation faecal and blood samples were taken from animals at 30-day intervals. faecal samples were examined microscopically, blood samples by the cft, agid and lst tests. intradermal allergic tests were carried out at pi (post infection) days 92, 217, 336, using mammalian, avian and johnin ppd. in the period of study, these efficiency indices showed fluctuations charact ...19902385984
numerical taxonomy of mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria, emended description of mycobacterium avium, and description of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium subsp. nov., mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis subsp. nov., and mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum subsp. nov.we performed a numerical taxonomy analysis of 38 mycobacterium paratuberculosis and related mycobacterial strains, including wood pigeon mycobacteria; this analysis was based on 22 tests, which were selected for their potential discriminative value from a total of 51 tests studied and produced four well-defined clusters. cluster 1 contained the m. paratuberculosis strains, including two strains isolated from crohn's disease patients; cluster 2 contained mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intr ...19902397193
polyclonal antibodies raised against bacillus calmette-guerin, mycobacterium duvalii, and mycobacterium paratuberculosis used to detect mycobacteria in tissue with the use of immunohistochemical techniques.commercially available polyclonal antibodies raised against strains of mycobacteria were used to detect organisms in tissue sections from 34 cases of tuberculosis, leprosy, and atypical mycobacteria. thirty-two cases of fungal infections, granulomatous inflammation, and sarcoidosis were used as negative controls. sections stained with the use of antibodies raised against bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg), mycobacterium duvalii (md), and mycobacterium paratuberculosis (mp) were compared with kinyoun ...19901697733
discovery of an insertion sequence, is116, from streptomyces clavuligerus and its relatedness to other transposable elements from actinomycetes.we have identified an insertion sequence, is116, present in streptomyces clavuligerus at one copy per genome. the element was discovered as a 1.4 kb insertion into the multicopy plasmid pij702 after propagation in s. clavuligerus. the nucleotide sequence of is116 and the flanking sequences from pij702 have been determined. the junctions with pij702 show no target site duplication and there are no inverted repeats at the ends of the element. one putative coding open reading frame of 1197 bp was i ...19901700062
Refresh
firstprev
12345678910...
nextlast
Displaying items 201 - 300 of 2580