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correction: analysis of biobanked serum from a mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis bovine infection model confirms the remarkable stability of circulating mirna profiles and defines a bovine serum mirna repertoire. 201626785077
bayesian estimation of sensitivity and specificity of a commercial serum/milk elisa against the mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) antibody response for each lactation stage in greek dairy sheep.a total of 854 paired milk and blood samples were collected from ewes of a greek flock and used to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of a commercial elisa for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) specific antibodies in each stage of lactation. we implemented bayesian mixture models to derive the distributions of the test response for the healthy and the infected ewes. in the colostrum period, early, mid and late lactation stage the median values of the area under ...201626754926
detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cheeses from small ruminants in tuscany.paratuberculosis is an infectious disease which affects mainly domestic and wild ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). map has been associated with human diseases like crohn disease, type-1 diabetes, sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis and hashimoto's thyroiditis. the aim of this study was to determine the level of map positivity of cheeses produced in tuscany (italy) as an indication of human exposure to the specific pathogen. sampling was focused on artisanal chees ...201626555160
presence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in brazilian patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and in controls.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) has attracted the interest of researchers because of similarities between paratuberculosis and crohn's disease (cd). the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of map through cultures, histology and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on intestinal biopsies from brazilian cd patients. quantitative real time pcr (qrt-pcr) was performed on positive samples.201626176833
within-herd prevalence thresholds for the detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis-positive dairy herds using boot swabs and liquid manure samples.the control of johne's disease requires the identification of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map)-positive herds. boot swabs and liquid manure samples have been suggested as an easy-to-use alternative to sampling individual animals in order to diagnose subclinical johne's disease at the herd level, but there is a need to evaluate performance of this approach in the field. using a logistic regression model, this study aimed to calculate the threshold level of the apparent within-herd ...201626112878
mycobacterium paratuberculosis detection in cow's milk in argentina by immunomagnetic separation-pcr.the aim of this study was to standardize a diagnosis procedure to detect mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) dna in raw cow milk samples under field conditions. a procedure that combines both immunomagnetic separation and is900-pcr detection (ims-is1 pcr) was employed on milk samples from 265 lactating holstein cows from map infected and uninfected herds in argentina. ims-is1 pcr results were analyzed and compared with those obtained from milk and fecal culture and serum elisa. the ...201726991290
superior protection from live-attenuated vaccines directed against johne's disease.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) is the etiological agent of johne's disease in ruminants. johne's disease is an important enteric infection causing large economic losses associated with infected herds. in an attempt to fight this infection, we created two novel live-attenuated vaccine candidates with mutations in sigh and lipn (pgsh and pgsn, respectively). earlier reports in mice suggested these vaccines are promising candidates to fight johne's disease in rumi ...201727806993
detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine milk from the state of pernambuco, brazil.the aim of this study was to detect the is900 region of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in bovine milk samples using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) and conventional pcr, and to study the agreement between these tests. a total of 121 bovine milk samples were collected from herds considered positive for map, from the state of pernambuco, brazil. map dna was detected in 20 samples (16.5%) using conventional pcr and in 34 samples (28.1%) using qpcr. map dna was detected ...201727865632
serological analysis of tuberculosis in goats by use of the enferplex caprine tb multiplex test.tuberculosis in goats is usually diagnosed clinically, at postmortem, or by a positive skin test. however, none of these approaches detects all infected animals. serology offers an additional tool to identify infected animals missed by current tests. we describe the use of the enferplex caprine tb serology test to aid the management of a large dairy goat herd undergoing a tuberculosis breakdown. initial skin and serology testing showed that igg antibodies were present in both serum and milk from ...201727974399
type 1 diabetes in sardinia: facts and hypotheses in the context of worldwide epidemiological data.type 1 diabetes (t1d) results from an autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells that requires lifelong insulin treatment. while significant advances have been achieved in treatment, prevention of complications and quality of life in diabetic people, the identification of environmental triggers of the disease is far more complex. the island of sardinia has the second highest incidence of t1d in the world (45/100,000), right after finland (64.2/100,000). the genetic background as well ...201727639869
correction: seroreactivity against specific l5p antigen from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in children at risk for t1d.[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157962.].201727529779
detection of mycobacteria by volatile organic compound analysis of invitro cultures using differential ion mobility spectrometry.differential ion mobility spectrometry (dms) is an analytical technique used to detect volatile organic compounds (vocs) in gaseous samples at very low concentration ranges from ppb to ppt. the aim of this study was to investigate whether voc analysis by dms is capable of detecting mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map).201727995864
potential biomarkers as the indicator of vertical transmission of johne's disease in a korean native cattle farm.paratuberculosis (ptb) is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) which is one of the most widespread and economically important disease in cattle. calves are raising with natural breast feeding without separation from their mothers after birth in most korean native cattle farms (hanwoo breed). vertical transmission of the disease has been known even though exact infection route of ptb has not been revealed in korean native cattle farm. therefore, calves from map sero-positiv ...201728385000
mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) fatty acids profile is strain-dependent and changes upon host macrophages infection.johne's disease is a chronic granulomatous enteritis of ruminants caused by the intracellular bacterium mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). we previously demonstrated that map isolates from sheep persisted within host macrophages in lower cfus than cattle isolates after 7 days of infection. in the current study, we hypothesize that these phenotypic differences between map isolates may be driven be the fatty acids (fas) present on the phosphadidyl-1-myo-inositol mannosides of the m ...201728377904
inferring biomarkers for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection and disease progression in cattle using experimental data.available diagnostic assays for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) have poor sensitivities and cannot detect early stages of infection, therefore, there is need to find new diagnostic markers for early infection detection and disease stages. we analyzed longitudinal ifn-γ, elisa-antibody and fecal shedding experimental sensitivity scores for map infection detection and disease progression. we used both statistical methods and dynamic mathematical models to (i) evaluate the empiric ...201728317944
serological, culture and molecular survey of mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in a goat flock in tuscany.mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map) is a pathogen which causes a chronic progressive granulomatous enteritis known as paratuberculosis or johne's disease and it primarily affects wild and domestic ruminants. the aim of this research was to examine a flock which consisted of 294 goats and was located in garfagnana district (tuscany, italy) performing elisa tests, culture and is900 pcr assay; direct diagnostic methods were carried out not only on bulk tank milk and cheese samples but also o ...201728353080
evaluation of associations between genotypes of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculsis and presence of intestinal lesions characteristic of paratuberculosis.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis affecting ruminants worldwide. depending on the map-type (map-c or map-s, cattle or sheep type), strains differ in virulence and host preference. there is not yet any strong evidence indicating that individual field strains of the same map-subgroup exhibit differences in virulence. the aim of this study was to evaluate a potential association between the genotype of individual field strains belonging to ...201728284609
effect of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection on the diagnostic accuracy for mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) infection under field conditions in cattle belonging to low m. bovis prevalence herds.currently, the chilean authority has implemented a national eradication program for bovine tuberculosis (btb), aimed at controlling and eradicating the disease in chile. the area under study has a low within-herd prevalence, has a relatively low number of infected herds, and is one of the major milk and beef producing areas in the country. however, so far, no attempts at eradicating the disease have been successful. it has been suggested that the diagnostic tests used were either not sensitive o ...201728281163
resolution of crohn's (johne's) disease with antibiotics: what are the next steps? 201728276276
pcr inhibition of a quantitative pcr for detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis dna in feces: diagnostic implications and potential solutions.molecular tests such as polymerase chain reaction (pcr) are increasingly being applied for the diagnosis of johne's disease, a chronic intestinal infection of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map). feces, as the primary test sample, presents challenges in terms of effective dna isolation, with potential for pcr inhibition and ultimately for reduced analytical and diagnostic sensitivity. however, limited evidence is available regarding the magnitude and diagnos ...201728210245
investigation of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in australian commercial milk using qpcr.this technical research communication describes the first study to use quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) to investigate the presence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in australian pasteurised milk. mac is the most common ntm responsible for human illnesses and includes m. avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map). mac is a causative agent of lymphadenitis in children, with contaminated food and water considered as a likely source. as such the presence of mac in milk would have publ ...201728252353
sensitive and specific detection of viable mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in raw milk by the peptide-mediated magnetic separation-phage assay.to validate an optimized peptide-mediated magnetic separation (pms)-phage assay for detection of viable mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in milk.201728235155
detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in kidney samples of red deer (cervus elaphus) in portugal: evaluation of different methods.paratuberculosis or johne's disease, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), is a chronic granulomatous enteritis affecting both domestic and wild ruminants. the present work is part of a wider set of studies designed to assess the prevalence of paratuberculosis in free ranging red deer (cervus elaphus). with that purpose, 877 free-ranging red deer legally hunted in the centre-eastern portugal were submitted to necropsy and sampled for molecular methods, microbiology and his ...201728132959
mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and associated risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease in iranian patients.inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is described as a relapsing condition with high morbidity and uncertain complex pathogenesis. the association of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) with crohn's disease (cd) in human has been debated for decades, however there is no confirmed data to verify such relations in iran. the aim of this study was to investigate risk factors and a possible role of map in iranian patients with cd.201728053669
bovine leukemia virus and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis are not associated with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli shedding in cattle.bovine leukemia virus (blv) is a retrovirus that causes enzootic bovine leukosis in cattle, and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the etiologic agent of johne's disease in cattle. both diseases are chronic in nature and can lead to the disruption of normal immunological or physiological processes. cattle are the major reservoir of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec), a cause of foodborne illness in humans. we tested the hypothesis that cattle infected with blv or map ...201728221870
detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in non-human primates.due to a sporadic occurrence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in non-human primates (nhp), the susceptibility of different nhp to map should be investigated.201728444886
magnetic separation methods for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in various types of matrices: a review.the main reasons to improve the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) are animal health and monitoring of map entering the food chain via meat, milk, and/or dairy products. different approaches can be used for the detection of map, but the use of magnetic separation especially in conjunction with pcr as an end-point detection method has risen in past years. however, the extraction of dna which is a crucial step prior to pcr detection can be complicated due to the presenc ...201728642876
comparison of rapid diagnostic tests to detect mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis disseminated infection in bovine liver.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes johne's disease, a chronic enteritis in cattle and other domestic and wild ruminants. the presence of map in tissues other than intestines and associated lymph nodes, such as meat and liver, is a potential public health concern. in the present study, the relationship between the results of rapid diagnostic tests of the johne's disease, such as serum elisa, rectal scraping pcr, and acid-fast staining, and the presence of map in liver was ev ...201728550594
establishment a real-time reverse transcription pcr based on host biomarkers for the detection of the subclinical cases of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.bovine paratuberculosis (ptb) is a chronic enteric inflammatory disease of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) that causes large economic losses in the dairy industry. spread of ptb is mainly provoked by a long subclinical stage during which map is shed into the environment with feces; accordingly, detection of subclinical animals is very important to its control. however, current diagnostic methods are not suitable for detection of subclinical animals. therefor ...201728542507
identification of candidate genes for paratuberculosis resistance in the native italian garfagnina goat breed.paratuberculosis disease is a chronic bacterial disease infection of ruminants of global relevance, caused by map (mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis). the present study was conducted on the garfagnina goat breed that is an italian native goat population registered on the tuscan regional repertory of genetic resources at risk of extinction. forty-eight adult goats (27 serologically positive to map-positive and 21 serologically negative to map-negative) belonging to a single flock that h ...201728526988
presence of mycobacterium avium subs. paratuberculosis dna in milk used to feed calves in portugal.this technical research communication describes results of a study aimed at detecting the presence of map in milk fed to calves, and identifying possible risk factors for that presence. a questionnaire was performed on 37 dairy farms and waste milk samples were collected on 3 occasions separated by a minimum of 1 week. for farms not feeding waste milk, bulk tank milk samples were collected instead. a real time pcr for the detection of the is900 sequence was performed for the detection of map. a ...201728524015
wc1(+) γδ t cells from cattle naturally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis respond differentially to stimulation with ppd-j.a role for γδ t cells in protection against mycobacterial infections including johne's disease (jd) has been suggested. in neonatal calves where the risk to infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is high, the majority of circulating cd3(+) lymphocytes are γδ tcr(+). bovine γδ t cells are divided into two major subsets based on the surface expression of workshop cluster 1 (wc1). the wc1(+) subset, the predominant subset in periphery, is further divided into wc1.1(+) and ...201728778324
prevalence of paratuberculosis in organized and unorganized dairy cattle herds in west bengal, india.the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence pattern of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the causative agent of paratuberculosis or johne's disease, in unorganized as well as organized cattle herds in west bengal.201728717306
is mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis the trigger in the crohn's disease spectrum?we present and discuss a 30-month investigation of a patient that presented with abdominal pain, postprandial diarrhea, bloating, and night sweats and was treated for crohn's disease without significant improvement. the patient underwent an ileocecetomy with removal of an atonic segment with resolution of functional gastrointestinal symptoms, but profound night sweats continued postoperatively. the patient was presumptively treated for a mixed mycobacterial infection, blood cultures later grew m ...201728685154
field performance of six mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens in a 20h interferon gamma release assay in belgium.paratuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), is a chronic granulomatous enteritis which primarily affects domestic and wild ruminants, resulting in serious economic losses for dairy and beef industry around the world. there is no satisfactory cure or vaccine, and actual diagnostic tests need improvement, particularly for the initial stages of the disease. map specific cell-mediated immune responses may allow early detection of the infection at subclinical stages ...201728669383
altered humoral immunity to mycobacterial antigens in japanese patients affected by inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and mycobacterium bovis (bcg) have been associated to several human autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (ms), but there are conflicting evidence on the issue. the objective of this study is to evaluate their role in japanese patients affected by inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (idds). a total of 97 idds subjects including 51 ms and 46 neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (nmosd) patients, and 34 hea ...201728600575
conflicting role of mycobacterium species in multiple sclerosis.mycobacterium is a genus of aerobic and acid-fast bacteria, which include several pathogenic organisms that cause serious diseases in mammals. previous studies have associated the immune response against mycobacteria with multiple sclerosis (ms), a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with unknown etiology. the role of mycobacteria in the pathological process has been controversial and often conflicting. we provide a detailed review of the mycobacteria that have been linke ...201728579973
identification of new antigen candidates for the early diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in goats.currently mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection is diagnosed through indirect tests based on the immune response induced by the infection. the antigens commonly used in ifn-γ release assays (igra) are purified protein derivative tuberculins (ppd). however, ppds, lack both specificity (sp) and sensitivity (se) in the early phase of infection. this study investigated the potential of 16 map recombinant proteins and five lipids to elicit the release of ifn-γ in goats from herd ...201728578219
ifn-γ fails to overcome inhibition of selected macrophage activation events in response to pathogenic mycobacteria.according to most models of mycobacterial infection, inhibition of the pro-inflammatory macrophage immune responses contributes to the persistence of bacteria. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is a highly successful pathogen in cattle and sheep and is also implicated as the causative agent of crohn's disease in humans. pathogenic mycobacteria such as map have developed multiple strategies to evade host defence mechanisms including interfering with the macrophages' capacity to re ...201728505170
evaluation of a pcr assay on overgrown individual fecal samples cultured for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.microbial overgrowth can interfere with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) growth and detection. we estimated the percentage of positive samples by pcr performed on the incubated media of individual fecal samples classified as non-interpretable (ni) by bacteriologic culture of liquid media. a total of 262 liquid cultures declared ni and 88 samples declared negative were included in the study. map dna was detected in 7 ni samples (2.7%; 95% ci: 1.1-5.4%) and in 1 negative sample (1 ...201728782422
immunohistochemical expression of interferon-γ in different types of granulomatous lesions associated with bovine paratuberculosis.animals infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) show a variety of lesions, from focal forms, seen in subclinical stages to diffuse lesions in clinical cases. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the local expression of ifn-γ by immunohistochemistry in relation with the type of lesion in naturally map-infected cows. the number of immunolabelled cells, -the majority morphologically consistent with lymphocytes-, was higher in focal and diffuse paucibacillary forms than ...201728504089
cgas-sting-tbk1-irf3/7 induced interferon-β contributes to the clearing of non tuberculous mycobacterial infection in mice.type i interferons (ifn-i), such as ifn-α and ifn-β are important messengers in the host response against bacterial infections. knowledge about the role of ifn-i in infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) is limited. here we show that macrophages infected with pathogens of the mycobacterium avium complex produced significantly lower amounts of ifn-β than macrophages infected with the opportunistic pathogen m. smegmatis. to dissect the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon, we focused o ...201728422568
evaluation of two in-house immunoenzymatic tests to serodiagnose subclinical paratuberculisis in a sheep flock in mexicali valley, mexico.paratuberculosis (ptb) or johne's disease is a common ruminant infectious disease caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). in this study, two map antigens were compared for their diagnostic utility to detect subclinical ptb in a sheep flock in mexicali, mexico. sheep (n = 31) without clinical signs but positive on a direct fecal-polymerase chain reaction were tested with two preabsorbed in-house enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) using: (1) an ethanol-extracted surfa ...201728422564
prevalence of small ruminant lentivirus and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis co-infection in ontario dairy sheep and dairy goats.infection with small ruminant lentiviruses (srlv) causes a variety of chronic inflammatory conditions that limit production. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is also a major production-limiting disease of sheep and goats, which causes severe inflammation of the small intestine. previous studies have indicated that both srlv and map are widespread in small ruminants in ontario. this study estimated the prevalence of srlv and map co-infection. serum samples that were previously te ...201728408784
a closed-tube loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the visual endpoint detection of brucella spp. and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.lamp (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) is an isothermal nucleic acid amplification technique that is characterized by its efficiency, rapidity, high yield of final product, robustness, sensitivity, and specificity, with the blueprint that it can be implemented in laboratories of low technological complexity. despite the conceptual complexity underlying the mechanistic basis for the nucleic acid amplification, the technique is simple to use and the amplification and detection can be carrie ...201728600772
increased seroreactivity to proinsulin and homologous mycobacterial peptides in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (lada) is a slowly progressing form of immune-mediated diabetes that combines phenotypical features of type 2 diabetes (t2d) with the presence of islet cell antigens detected in type 1 diabetes (t1d). heterogeneous clinical picture have led to the classification of patients based on the levels of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (gada) that correlate with clinical phenotypes closer to t1d or t2d when gada titers are high or low, respectively. ...201728472070
fecal shedding and tissue infections demonstrate transmission of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in group-housed dairy calves.current johne's disease control programs primarily focus on decreasing transmission of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) from infectious adult cows to susceptible calves. however, potential transmission between calves is largely overlooked. the objective was to determine the extent of map infection in calves contact-exposed to infectious penmates. thirty-two newborn holstein-friesian calves were grouped into 7 experimental groups of 4, consisting of 2 inoculated (in) calves, and ...201728454560
mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis induces specific ige production in japanese people with allergies.background. the prevalence of allergies is steadily increasing worldwide; however, the pathogenesis is still unclear. we hypothesized that mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) may contribute to allergy development. this organism can be present in dairy foods, it can elicit an immunomodulatory switch from a th1 to a th2 response, and it has been speculated that it is linked to several human autoimmune diseases. to determine the contribution, sera from 99 individuals with various atop ...201728523203
paratuberculosis in a domestic dog in south africa.this case report shows that mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection can cause clinical disease in domestic dogs, and should be considered as a differential diagnosis for gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions. a male dachshund presented with lethargy and pain. enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes were found on abdominal ultrasound examination. cytological examination of lymph node aspirates was consistent with granulomatous inflammation, which was culture-confirmed as map. altho ...201728397513
complete genome sequence of jii-1961, a bovine mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis field isolate from germany.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes johne's disease in ruminants and was also detected in nonruminant species, including human beings, and in milk products. we announce here the 4.829-mb complete genome sequence of the cattle-type strain jii-1961 from germany, which is very similar to cattle-type strains recovered from different continents.201728839035
mechanisms of antimicrobial action of cinnamon and oregano oils, cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map).the antimicrobial modes of action of six naturally occurring compounds, cinnamon oil, cinnamaldehyde, oregano oil, carvacrol, 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde, previously found to inhibit the growth of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) reported to infect food animals and humans and to be present in milk, cheese, and meat, were investigated. the incubation of map cultures in the presence of all six compounds caused phosphate ions to leak into the extr ...201728837070
evaluation of different diagnostic methods for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in boot swabs and liquid manure samples.environmental sampling based on boot swabs and/or liquid manure samples is an upcoming strategy for the identification of paratuberculosis (paratb) positive herds, but only limited data are available regarding the diagnostic performance of molecular detection methods (qpcr) versus faecal culture (fc) for this purpose. in the present study, the test characteristics of two different qpcr protocols (a and b) and a standardized fc protocol, for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratubercu ...201728821251
testing of milk replacers for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by pcr and bacterial culture as a possible source for johne's disease (paratuberculosis) in calves.johne's disease (paratuberculosis) is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and can lead to severe economic losses in the affected cattle herds. the transmission of the disease occurs mainly orally, by the ingestion of map, which is shed in the feces and milk of infected animals. calves show a high susceptibility for the infection compared to adult animals. the use of milk replacers can, therefore, contribute to the prevention of the transmission of the disease to calves in ...201728716203
characterization and differentiation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from other mycobacteria using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of johne's disease in cattle, is responsible for significant economic losses to the us dairy industry. the pathogen has also been associated with chronic human diseases like crohn's disease, type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. determining causation requires rapid characterization and source tracking the pathogen. here, we used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry to char ...201728713782
evaluation of clinical pathology parameters in fecal pcr-positive or pcr-negative goats for johne's disease.johne's disease (jd) is an economically important infectious disease of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). this study evaluated the differences in various hematological and biochemical parameters between healthy goats and goats with jd. forty goats were chosen randomly from a herd endemic for jd. a complete physical examination was performed. blood and fresh fecal samples were collected from each goat. a complete blood cell (cbc) count and a protein electropho ...201728707081
epidemiological and economic consequences of purchasing livestock infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.paratuberculosis (ptb) is a chronic disease which may lead to reduced milk yield, lower animal welfare and death in cattle. the causative agent is mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). the economic consequences are particularly important incentives in the control and eradication of the infection. one strategy to control ptb in a herd is to purchase animals from farms with a low risk of map infection. we wanted to investigate the epidemiological and economic consequences of buying li ...201728655323
the immunoregulatory effects of co-infection with fasciola hepatica: from bovine tuberculosis to johne's disease.fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) is a parasite prevalent in much of the world that causes the economically-important disease of fasciolosis in livestock. the threat that this disease poses extends beyond its direct effects due to the parasite's immunomodulatory effects. research at this laboratory is focusing on whether this immunoregulation can, in animals infected with liver fluke, exert a bystander effect on concurrent infections in the host. it has already been established that f. hepatica in ...201728410676
a nano particle vector comprised of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid and monophosphoryl lipid a and recombinant mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis peptides stimulate a pro-immune profile in bovine macrophages.we evaluated the potential of a nanoparticle (np) delivery system to improve methods of delivery of candidate peptide-based vaccines for paratuberculosis in cattle.201728502107
the potential role of fecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of an unknown etiology. its pathogenesis involves an interplay of infectious, genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. the current therapeutic options have various limitations in terms of cost, side effect profile, and the development of drug resistance and dependence. therefore, there is a need to develop future therapeutic options which are safe and effective to control the inflammatory process. this review focuses i ...201728685630
recombinant 20.8-kda protein of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-based sero-diagnosis of paratuberculosis.johne's disease or paratuberculosis is a chronic infectious enteric disease of ruminants caused by the intracellular pathogen. the control of the johne's disease is hampered by lack of specific diagnostic tests. in this study, we have cloned and expressed the n-terminal region of the locus tag map 1637c encoding 20.8-kda (r20.8) protein of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. the recombinant protein r20.8 was expressed in high levels in escherichia coli. the protein r20.8 was purified by ...201728623492
comparison among the quantification of bacterial pathogens by qpcr, dpcr, and cultural methods.the demand for rapid methods for the quantification of pathogens is increasing. among these methods, those based on nucleic acids amplification (quantitative pcrs) are the most widespread worldwide. together with the qpcr, a new approach named digital pcr (dpcr), has rapidly gained importance. the aim of our study was to compare the results obtained using two different dpcr systems and one qpcr in the quantification of three different bacterial pathogens: listeria monocytogenes, francisella tula ...201728702010
draft genome sequence of a rare pigmented mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis type c strain.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of paratuberculosis. we report here the draft genome sequence of a rare pigmented m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis type c strain, comprising 58 contigs and having a genome size of 4,851,414 bp. the genome will assist in the execution of pigmentation and virulence studies on this mycobacterium.201729025941
the alternate effects of anti-tnfα therapeutics and their role in mycobacterial granulomatous infection in crohn's disease.crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease that has been debated to be associated with bacterial triggers such as mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map). standard treatment of crohn's disease (cd) patients includes a family of immunomodulators and biologics such as anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-tnfα). this cytokine in particular has been known to play vital roles in fighting microbial infections through formation and maintenance of granulomas. areas covered: this pe ...201728481651
detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in rock hyraxes ( procavia capensis) imported from south africa.mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) causes chronic, progressive, and consecutively fatal enteritis, especially in ruminants. map distribution among wildlife is not yet clear. in this study, three wild-born rock hyraxes ( procavia capensis) had been imported from south africa to a german zoological garden. during the quarantine period, four young animals were born. the wild-born animals showed symptoms of mild diarrhea shortly after their arrival in the zoological garden, but al ...201729297824
which phenotypic traits of resistance should be improved in cattle to control paratuberculosis dynamics in a dairy herd: a modelling approach.paratuberculosis is a worldwide disease causing production losses in dairy cattle herds. variability of cattle response to exposure to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) has been highlighted. such individual variability could influence map spread at larger scale. cattle resistance to paratuberculosis has been shown to be heritable, suggesting genetic selection could enhance disease control. our objective was to identify which phenotypic traits characterising the individual course ...201729017553
johne's disease in cattle: an in vitro model to study early response to infection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using rna-seq.johne's disease is a chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratubercolosis (map) which affects ruminants worldwide and has a significant economic impact. map has also been associated with human crohn's disease, although this connection is not well established. map is highly adapted for survival within host macrophages and prevents macrophage activation, blocks phagosome acidification and maturation, and attenuates presentation of antigens to the immune system. the ...201728988040
rapid and visual detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick.paratuberculosis (johne's disease) is a chronic debilitating disease of domestic and wild ruminants. quick diagnosis could facilitate control; however widespread point-of-care testing is infrequently done due to the lack of robust method. isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) technique has emerged as a novel dna amplify assay for use in rapid diagnosis. here, an rpa combined with lateral flow dipstick (lfd) assay was developed to estimate dna from m.paratuberculosis. first, the s ...201729284204
early detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle with multiplex-bead based immunoassays.johne's disease (jd), caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), results in significant economic loss to livestock production. the early detection of map infection in animals with extant serological assays has remained challenging due to the low sensitivity of commercially available elisa tests, a fact that has hampered the development of effective jd control programs. our recent protein microarray-based studies identified several promising candidate antigens that are immun ...201729261761
identification of sero-reactive antigens for the early diagnosis of johne's disease in cattle.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease (jd), a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease of cattle and other ruminants. jd has a high herd prevalence and causes serious animal health problems and significant economic loss in domesticated ruminants throughout the world. since serological detection of map infected animals during the early stages of infection remains challenging due to the low sensitivity of extant assays, we screened 180 well-char ...201728863177
use of an individual-based model to control transmission pathways of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle herds.johne's disease (jd) is a chronic enteric disease in cattle caused by mycobacterium avian subsp. paratuberculosis (map). eradicating jd is a difficult task due to the long incubation period of map, inefficient diagnostic tests, and delayed clinical signs. effective control strategies can help farmers to reduce prevalence, but those most acceptable to farmers combine specific information about lactation performance and testing results, which existing models do not provide. this paper presents an ...201728928423
diagnostic potential of the peptide-mediated magnetic separation (pms)-phage assay and pms-culture to detect mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine milk samples.controlling the spread of johne's disease, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), in domestic livestock is challenging. current diagnostic methods lack sufficient sensitivity to detect subclinically infected animals, and thus, better diagnostic methods are needed. this study was carried out to investigate the diagnostic potential of two novel peptide-mediated magnetic separation (pms)-based tests-a pms-phage assay and pms-culture-both of which have been developed and optimi ...201729250933
pathogenesis, molecular genetics, and genomics of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the etiologic agent of johne's disease.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the etiologic agent of johne's disease in ruminants causing chronic diarrhea, malnutrition, and muscular wasting. neonates and young animals are infected primarily by the fecal-oral route. map attaches to, translocates via the intestinal mucosa, and is phagocytosed by macrophages. the ensuing host cellular immune response leads to granulomatous enteritis characterized by a thick and corrugated intestinal wall. we review various tissue culture ...201729164142
controlling bovine paratuberculosis at a regional scale: towards a decision modelling tool.johne's disease (paratuberculosis), a worldwide enzootic disease of cattle caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), mainly introduced into farms by purchasing infected animals, has a large economic impact for dairy producers. since diagnostic tests used in routine are poorly sensitive, observing map spread in the field is hardly possible, whereas there is a need for evaluating control strategies. our objective was to provide a modelling framework to compare the efficacy of re ...201728919398
paratuberculosis in latin america: a systematic review.latin america is the definition of the american group, where languages of latin origin are spoken, including countries in south, central, and north america. paratuberculosis is a gastrointestinal contagious chronic disease that affects ruminants, whose etiological agent is the bacilli mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). paratuberculosis is characterized by intermittent diarrhea, decreased milk production, dehydration, and progressive weight loss and is possibly involved in crohn's ...201728884331
identification of additional loci associated with antibody response to mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in cattle by gsea-snp analysis.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: (map) causes a contagious chronic infection results in johne's disease in a wide range of animal species, including cattle. several genome-wide association studies (gwas) have been carried out to identify loci putatively associated with map susceptibility by testing each marker separately and identifying snps that show a significant association with the phenotype, while snp with modest effects are usually ignored. the objective of this study was to id ...201728864882
case definition terminology for paratuberculosis (johne's disease).paratuberculosis (johne's disease) is an economically significant condition caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. however, difficulties in diagnosis and classification of individual animals with the condition have hampered research and impeded efforts to halt its progressive spread in the global livestock industry. descriptive terms applied to individual animals and herds such as exposed, infected, diseased, clinical, sub-clinical, infectious and resistant need to be defined so ...201729121939
mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis - an important food borne pathogen of high public health significance with special reference to india: an update.this review underlines the public health significance of 'indian bison type' of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) and also its potential as 'zoonotic infection'. in the absence of control programs, bio-load of map is increasing and if we take total population of animals (500 million plus) and human beings (1.23 billion plus) into account, the number of infected animals and human beings will run into millions in india. our research on screening of over 26,000 domestic livestoc ...201729090657
incidence of fecal excretion of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in dairy cows before and after the enrolment in the québec voluntary program.paratuberculosis is a chronic and contagious enteric disease of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). this disease of worldwide distribution is responsible for significant economic losses and the bacteria itself has been linked to human crohn's disease. paratuberculosis control programs focus on reducing map transmission by implementing better management practices that target infection routes. in québec, a voluntary paratuberculosis prevention and control program ...201729157379
early-life exposures and johne's disease risk in zoo ruminants.johne's disease, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), is a chronic, progressive bacterial enteritis of ruminants that can cause serious losses in both livestock and exotic species. infection risk in exotic ruminants is associated with maternal infection status, but the effect of other herdmates on risk of infection has not been reported, to our knowledge. we conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the association between map infection status and early-life cont ...201828985710
interferon regulatory factor 5 is a potential target of autoimmune response triggered by epstein-barr virus and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in rheumatoid arthritis: investigating a mechanism of molecular mimicry.rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a chronic disease characterised by a pro-inflammatory cytokines linked erosive joint damage and by humoral and cellular response against a broad range of self-peptides. molecular mimicry between epstein-barr virus (ebv), mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and host peptides has long been regarded as an ra pathogenetic mechanism. using bioinformatic analysis we identified high sequence homology among interferon regulatory factor 5 (irf5), ebv antigen bol ...201829352853
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