Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| rapid detection methods for viable mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in milk and cheese. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) may have a role in the development of crohn's disease in humans via the consumption of contaminated milk and milk products. detection of map from milk and dairy products has been reported from countries on the european continent, argentina, the uk and australia. in this study three different methods (quantitative real time pcr, combined phage is900 pcr and conventional cultivation) were used to detect the presence of map in bulk tank milk (btm) a ... | 2010 | 20381185 |
| comparison of the activities of the lantibiotics nisin and lacticin 3147 against clinically significant mycobacteria. | the aim of this study was to use the microtitre alamarblue assay to investigate and compare the antimycobacterial potential of the lantibiotics nisin and lacticin 3147 against a representative cohort of clinically significant mycobacteria, i.e. mycobacterium tuberculosis h37ra, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) atcc 19698 and mycobacterium kansasii cit11/06. lacticin 3147 displayed potent activity against all strains of mycobacteria, with mic(90) values (lowest concentration of l ... | 2010 | 20547041 |
| johne's disease caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in red deer (cervus elaphus): an histopathological grading system, and comparison of paucibacillary and multibacillary disease. | to describe a grading system for evaluating lesions in the small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes of red deer (cervus elaphus) infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), and report the distribution of granulomas and findings seen in paucibacillary and multibacillary forms of the disease. | 2010 | 20383243 |
| specific detection of unamplified mycobacterial dna by use of fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots and magnetic beads. | here we present the development of a specific dna detection method using fluorescent semiconductor quantum dots (qds) and magnetic beads (mbs) for fast detection of mycobacterium spp., dispensing with the need for dna amplification. two biotinylated oligonucleotide probes were used to recognize and detect specific complementary mycobacterial target dna through a sandwich hybridization reaction. cadmium selenite qds conjugated with streptavidin and species-specific probes were used to produce a f ... | 2010 | 20554817 |
| effect of classifying disease states in genetic association studies for paratuberculosis. | genetic association studies are a means to elucidate underlying genetic regulation of host-pathogen interaction, immune response, and the fate of infection. diseases such as paratuberculosis in cattle lack definitive diagnostic criteria, thereby complicating the definition of infection status as an outcome for genetic association studies. a study was performed to evaluate the potential bias in estimates of effect and differences in statistical power associated with parallel test interpretation, ... | 2010 | 20363040 |
| wildlife (boselaphus tragocamelus)-small ruminant (goat and sheep) interface in the transmission of 'bison type' genotype of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in india. | information on mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) genotypes infecting different animal species in india is limited. presence of map was investigated in free ranging antelopes (locally known as nilgai/blue bulls/boselaphus tragocamelus) using direct microscopy, culture, is900 pcr and is1311 pcr-rea. is900 elements of map from nilgai and previously isolated from goats were sequenced and compared to establish inter-species transmission between free ranging nilgai and closed farm ... | 2010 | 18805585 |
| evidence for age susceptibility of cattle to johne's disease. | calf rearing programs for the control of bovine johne's disease (bjd) in dairy farms have been widely adopted globally and are based on evidence that the most significant risk factor for developing the disease is exposure of young calves to infectious doses of the causative organism mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (mptb). hygienic calf rearing practices aim to break the transmission cycle of mptb by removing neonatal calves from their dams within 12h of birth and segregating replacem ... | 2010 | 19246220 |
| a mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis luxr regulates cell envelope and virulence. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis adapts to the environment via the regulation of genes affecting its envelope's composition. bacteria grown in milk (in vivo conditions) presented differences in the cell wall-associated lipids and in the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism (fade8, fade6 and map1420) and host cell invasion (map1203, lprl). a different lipid profile was also observed in the envelope of intracellular bacteria after 1 h of infection. intracellular bacteria sho ... | 2010 | 19710090 |
| identification of immune parameters to differentiate disease states among sheep infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | johne's disease, a chronic enteritis of ruminants, is caused by infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. three distinct forms have been observed in sheep: paucibacillary disease (pb), multibacillary disease (mb), and asymptomatic infection (as). in this study, immune parameters for animals naturally infected with m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and identified postmortem as having pb, mb, or as were compared to provide a further understanding of the immunological reactivity co ... | 2010 | 19923568 |
| survival of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in biofilms on livestock watering trough materials. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease, a chronic enteric infection that affects ruminants. despite the ubiquitous occurrence of mycobacterium sp. in nature and the fact that johne's disease has been reported worldwide, little research has been done to assess its survival in agricultural environments. the goal of this 365-day study was to evaluate the ability of map to persist in mixed-community biofilms on materials commonly used to construct ... | 2010 | 19717251 |
| the use of mpb70 and mpb83 to distinguish between bovine tuberculosis and paratuberculosis. | in order to demonstrate the potential to distinguish paratuberculosis (ptb) from bovine tuberculosis infection (tb), elisas with m. bovis-specific mpb70 or mpb83 as capture antigens were developed and tested on two groups of cattle: group a comprised 23 animals positive for mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map) and tb free. group b comprised 48 animals from a map free herd during the previous 5 years, but confirmed as tuberculous by positive results on ppd testing and m. bovis culture. resu ... | 2010 | 19735941 |
| the gammadelta cells as marker of non-seroconverted cattle naturally infected with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | early diagnosis of map infection is a pressing need to enable efficient intervention with the spread of map infection in herds. hence, study of lymphocyte subsets and their expressed adhesion molecules could contribute in defining a distinct diagnostic marker (or markers) at the subclinical period of the infection that could in turn facilitate the development of effective diagnostic approach. in accordance with this objective, milk and blood samples were collected from two groups of cattle natur ... | 2010 | 19589549 |
| presence, characterization, and genotype profiles of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from unpasteurized individual and pooled milk, commercial pasteurized milk, and milk products in india by culture, pcr, and pcr-rea methods. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) causes johne's disease in ruminants, a chronic enteritis evocative of human inflammatory bowel disease. in industrialized countries map has been cultured from pasteurized milk, compounding the increasing concern that map may be zoonotic. the purpose of this study was to evaluate commercially available unpasteurized and pasteurized milk and its products for the presence of viable map or map dna from an area of northern india with a population ... | 2010 | 19576834 |
| expression of nramp1 and inos in mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis naturally infected cattle. | paratuberculosis (ptb) is a chronic disease caused by m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) that affects several animal species, and some studies have suggested that there may be a relationship between crohn's disease and ptb. significant aspects of ptb pathogenesis are not yet completely understood, such as the role of macrophages. natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (nramp1) and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) molecules have shown nonspecific effects against several ... | 2010 | 19345998 |
| the early lymphocyte proliferation response in sheep exposed to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis compared to infection status. | johne's disease (jd) is an enteric mycobacterial infection of ruminants that has significant global economic impact. not all individuals exposed to pathogenic mycobacteria succumb to disease. therefore although early detection of infectious individuals is vital, it is equally important to distinguish how the host response differs in those that are able to successfully clear or control mycobacterial infection and those that are unable to do so. to further our understanding of this issue we studie ... | 2010 | 19264377 |
| on the evolution of 'indian bison type' strains of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of johne's disease (jd) in animals, has also been linked with crohn's disease in human beings. lack of indigenous diagnostics and vaccine hampered control of jd in india. designing effective control strategies require thorough understanding of the etiological agent at phenotypic and molecular levels. on the basis of cultural phenotypes and is1311 pcr-rea typing, map strains have been genotyped as 'cattle type', 'sheep typ ... | 2010 | 19442500 |
| longitudinal study of clinicopathological features of johne's disease in sheep naturally exposed to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | the objective of this study was to describe chronological changes in infection status and enteric lesions of sheep naturally exposed to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratubercuolosis. samples of terminal ileum (ti) and mesenteric lymph node (mln) were collected from 77 merino sheep via surgical biopsy at 12, 18, and 24 months of age and necropsy at 36 months of age. infection status at each sampling period was determined by fecal, ti, and mln culture. quantitative grading schemes were used to ... | 2011 | 20571147 |
| fate of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis after application of contaminated dairy cattle manure to agricultural soils. | details regarding the fate of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (basonym, mycobacterium paratuberculosis) after manure application on grassland are unknown. to evaluate this, intact soil columns were collected in plastic pipes (lysimeters) and placed under controlled conditions to test the effect of a loamy or sandy soil composition and the amount of rainfall on the fate of m. paratuberculosis applied to the soil surface with manure slurry. the experiment was organized as a randomized ... | 2011 | 21239557 |
| persistent enteric mycobacterial infection enhances sensitivity to acute mucosal injury. | antigen presenting cells such as intestinal macrophages are dynamic effector cells that play a critical role in maintaining mucosal homeostasis. however, it is not known how occult intestinal infections alter the response of the intestinal mucosa to subsequent intestinal injury. the aim of this study was to evaluate how persistent subclinical intestinal infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) would influence acute dextran sulfate sodium (dss)-mediated intestinal inflamma ... | 2011 | 21239734 |
| application of a peptide-mediated magnetic separation-phage assay for detection of viable mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to bovine bulk tank milk and feces samples. | naturally contaminated bovine bulk tank milk (n = 44) and feces (n = 39) were tested for the presence of viable mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by a novel peptide-mediated magnetic separation-phage (pms-phage) assay. counts of viable m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells ranging from 1 to 110 pfu/50 ml of milk and 6 to 41,111 pfu/g of feces were indicated by the pms-phage assay. | 2011 | 21411581 |
| effect of unvaccinated merino wether lambs on shedding of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in flocks vaccinating for ovine johne's disease. | to determine the prevalence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (mptb) shedding by unvaccinated wethers compared with vaccinated ewes. | 2011 | 21250954 |
| current perspectives on mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, johne's disease, and crohn's disease: a review. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes the disease of cattle, johne's. the economic impact of this disease includes early culling of infected cattle, reduced milk yield, and weight loss of cattle sold for slaughter. there is a possible link between map and crohn's disease, a human inflammatory bowel disease. map is also a potential human food borne pathogen because it survives current pasteurization treatments. we review the current knowledge of map, johne's disease and crohn's ... | 2011 | 21254832 |
| effect of herd prevalence on heritability estimates of antibody response to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | worldwide, classical control strategies based on hygiene and culling of infected animals have been implemented to eradicate johne's disease. breeding for disease resistance may be a useful additional tool to control the disease. the aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for the presence of a mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis specific antibody response in milk of dutch holstein-friesian cows using subsets of data based on within-herd test prevalence. the analyzed data set c ... | 2011 | 21257067 |
| highly specific and quick detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in feces and gut tissue of cattle and humans by multiple real-time pcr assays. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of johne's disease (jd) in cattle and may be associated with crohn's disease (cd) in humans. it is the slowest growing of the cultivable mycobacteria, and culture from clinical, veterinary, food, or environmental specimens can take 4 months or even longer. currently, the insertion element is900 is used to detect m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis dna. however, closely related is900 elements are also present in other mycobacteria, t ... | 2011 | 21430100 |
| molecular identification and characterization of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in free living non-human primate (rhesus macaques) from north india. | in recent years, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) has emerged as major animal pathogen with significant zoonotic concerns, worldwide. map infection is endemic in domestic and wild ruminant population in india. however, information on map infection in free ranging animal species and non human primates is limited. present study aimed to estimate the status of map infection in free living rhesus macaques suffering with multiple clinical conditions (coughing and loose stool). a ... | 2011 | 21255839 |
| candidate gene and genome-wide association studies of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle and sheep: a review. | paratuberculosis (johne's disease), caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, is responsible for significant economic losses in livestock industries worldwide. this organism is also of public health concern due to an unconfirmed link to crohn's disease. susceptibility to paratuberculosis has been suggested to have a genetic component. in livestock, a number of candidate genes have been studied, selected on their association to susceptibility in other mycobacterial diseases, thei ... | 2011 | 21216466 |
| serologic tests for detecting antibodies against mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa scrofa). | new tools to detect exposure of free-range eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa scrofa) to pathogenic mycobacteria would be valuable for improved disease surveillance and wildlife management. two hundred sera from wild boar of known mycobacterium bovis infection status were used to evaluate test suitability for the detection of antibodies against m. bovis and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (or cross-reacting members of the m. avium complex). two traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent ass ... | 2011 | 21217031 |
| serum antibodies to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis combined with anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in crohn's disease patients: prevalence and diagnostic role. | because mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), the etiologic agent of johne's disease in ruminant, has been identified in the mucosal layer and deeper bowel wall in cd patients, the seroactivity against map may define a distinct subset of patients requiring individual treatment. the aim of this study was to assess the performance of anti-map antibodies in the diagnostic strategy for cd. | 2011 | 21221802 |
| early immune markers associated with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in a neonatal calf model. | the objective of this study was to observe early markers of cell-mediated immunity in naïve calves infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and how expression of these markers evolved over the 12-month period of infection. groups for experimental infection included control (noninfected), oral (infected orally with m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain k-10), oral/dxm (pretreatment with dexamethasone before oral inoculation), intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation, and oral/m (oral ... | 2011 | 21228140 |
| dairy farmers' reasons for participation in the danish control programme on bovine paratuberculosis. | the danish dairy industry initiated a voluntary, producer-paid control programme on mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in 2006. approximately 28% of the dairy herds, including 40% of the cows, are part of the programme. farmers' reasons for participation are of great importance for the success of voluntary disease control programmes. this study was carried out to determine these reasons. questionnaires with seven close-ended questions were mailed to the 1177 voluntary participants ... | 2011 | 21232808 |
| evaluation of the association between fecal excretion of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis and detection in colostrum and on teat skin surfaces of dairy cows. | to evaluate the association between fecal excretion of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) by dairy cows in the periparturient period and detection of map dna in colostrum specimens and on teat skin surfaces. | 2011 | 21194328 |
| hsp70 vaccination-induced antibodies recognize b cell epitopes in the cell wall of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) causes a chronic intestinal infection of ruminants and has been associated with the etiology of human crohn's disease. a map hsp70/dda subunit vaccine previously showed a significant reduction in fecal shedding of map in cattle, concomitant with pronounced antibody production against map hsp70, rather than t cell reactivity. our hypothesis is that if hsp70-specific antibodies are able to confer protection, the first requisite would be that th ... | 2011 | 21199702 |
| association of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis with crohn disease in pediatric patients. | the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) dna in intestinal biopsies from pediatric patients with granulomatous crohn disease (cd) or ulcerative colitis (uc), and matched control subjects without inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). | 2011 | 21206379 |
| molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a longitudinal study of three dairy herds. | the objective of this study was to evaluate whether cows that were low shedders of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis were passively shedding or truly infected with m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. we also investigated whether it is possible that these m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected animals could have been infected as adults by contemporary high-shedding animals (supershedders). the m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates were obtained from a longitudinal study of three da ... | 2011 | 21209171 |
| a longitudinal study to evaluate the diagnostic potential of a direct faecal quantitative pcr test for johne's disease in sheep. | a longitudinal study was carried out to evaluate the diagnostic potential of the previously developed direct faecal real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay (kawaji et al., 2007) for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infected sheep. of the 58 sheep, 38 were orally inoculated with map, while 20 controls were maintained separately from the infected group throughout the trial. all animals were tested by qpcr, faecal culture and serum elisa pre-inoculation and at 4, 8 ... | 2011 | 20729013 |
| the interleukin 10 response in ovine johne's disease. | johne's disease is an enteric mycobacterial infection of ruminants that has significant global economic impact. the classic host reaction is one of an early t-cell mediate immune response, with predominant interferon gamma (ifnγ) activity; there is subsequent lowering of this response as animals reach the terminal stages of disease. interleukin (il)-10, which can suppress th1-type and enhance th2-type cytokine production, is considered to play a role in the later stages of johne's disease. to de ... | 2011 | 20817276 |
| immunogenicity of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins in crohn's disease patients. | the association between mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and crohn's disease (cd) is supported by several studies reporting the detection or isolation of map from human tissues, but a direct association is still debatable. | 2011 | 20735153 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map)-specific is900 dna and antibodies against map peptides and lysate in the blood of crohn's disease patients. | 2011 | 20815038 | |
| culture of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) from blood and extra-intestinal tissues in experimentally infected sheep. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease or paratuberculosis, a chronic enteritis of ruminants, and has been suggested to play a role in crohn's disease in humans. while johne's disease is primarily expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, isolation of map from extra-intestinal tissues indicates that microbial dissemination via the haematogenous route may occur during the infection. consequently, the occurrence of mycobacteraemia and dissemi ... | 2011 | 20609533 |
| growth of m. avium subspecies paratuberculosis in culture is enhanced by nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and α and β nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. | without known mechanisms of action, crohn's disease is exacerbated, and ulcerative colitis is improved, by the use of tobacco. mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) may be zoonotic. we hypothesized that tobacco components might alter the growth kinetics of map, explaining these divergent clinical observations. | 2011 | 20585983 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and crohn's regional ileitis: how strong is association? | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is a well-established etiological agent of johne's disease in animals. in humans, similar clinical condition, first described by crohn as regional ileitis in 1932, now known as crohn's diseases (cd), has also been associated with this mycobacterial species. however, there are two schools of thoughts, one favoring map as its etiological agent while the second considers it as an immune-inflammatory condition triggered by an external factor. onset o ... | 2011 | 22219557 |
| association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ankra2 and cd180 genes with bovine respiratory disease and presence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis(1). | the objective was to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the ankra2 and cd180 genes are associated with incidence of bovine respiratory disease (brd) and presence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in cattle. two independent populations were used. the first population (brd-affected; n = 90) was composed of 31 half-sib progeny, from a brahman × angus sire, that were treated for brd. untreated offspring from the sire were selected to serve as controls. the ... | 2011 | 22034997 |
| Estimation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Growth Parameters: Strain Characterization and Comparison of Methods. | The growth rate of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was assessed by different methods in 7H9 medium supplemented with OADC (oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, catalase), Tween 80, and mycobactin J. Generation times and maximum specific growth rates were determined by wet weight, turbidometric measurement, viable count, and quantitative PCR (ParaTB-Kuanti; F57 gene) for 8 M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains (K10, 2E, 316F, 81, 445, 764, 22G, and OVICAP 49). Strain-to-strain difference ... | 2011 | 22003015 |
| paratuberculosis vaccination. | one vaccine, mycopar, is licensed for use in us cattle. the vaccine reduces clinical disease and fecal shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). the vaccine is indicated for use in herds with a high map infection prevalence or herds with limited resources for implementing paratuberculosis control measures. in heavily infected herds, a combination of vaccination and disease control measures can help protect susceptible young stock while reducing environmental burdens and limi ... | 2011 | 22023835 |
| Effectiveness of combination of Mini-and Microsatellite loci to sub-type Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Italian type C isolates. | Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis. The aim of our study was to combine Mini-and Microsatellite loci analysis in order to explore the effectiveness of this sub-typing method in a group of Map isolates. For this purpose, 84 Italian Type C Map isolates, each from a different cattle herd, were submitted to MIRU-Variable-Number Tandem-Repeats (VNTRs) typing and Short Sequence repeats (SSRs) sequencing. Moreover, the method was used to analy ... | 2011 | 21929793 |
| detection of paratuberculosis in breeding bulls at pakistani semen production units: a continuous source of threat. | paratuberculosis is a chronic bowel disease of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). its secretion through semen highlights the importance of paratuberculosis-free breeding bulls. the breeding and teaser bulls at three semen production units (spus) located in punjab, pakistan, were screened for the presence of antibodies against map. a total of 253 samples were collected from spus and a commercially available indirect screen elisa (is-elisa) was applied. is-elisa ... | 2011 | 23738098 |
| occurrence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk at dairy cattle farms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | presence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in milk for human consumption is a concern due to its possible relationship with crohn's disease in humans. pasteurization effectively reduces the map load by four to five logs, but the efficacy depends on the map concentration, which depends on the prevalence among contributing herds and individuals. considerable variation of map in bulk tank milk (btm) and individual cow's milk (im) is reported, but factors associated with map occur ... | 2011 | 22245166 |
| the collection of lymphatic fluid from the bovine udder and its use for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the cow. | the objective of the current study was to evaluate the feasibility of lymph collection from the bovine udder and to investigate if the lymphatic fluid might be of diagnostic value in cows infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), the etiologic agent of paratuberculosis. lymph fluid collection was attempted from 58 cows, and the reactions of the cows as well as the level of difficulty of the procedure were recorded in 56 animals. lymph samples (51 in total) were tested for ... | 2011 | 22362932 |
| epidemiology and economics of paratuberculosis. | johne’s disease is the clinical manifestation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection and has become widespread since it was first observed in the united states in the early 1900s. map is primarily spread through the fecal-oral route, and herds generally become infected by unknowingly purchasing infected animals. the economic losses from the disease are primarily due to decreased milk production, decreased weaning weights in nursing young stock, increased replacement costs ... | 2011 | 22023831 |
| coexpression of ppe 34.9 antigen of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with murine interferon gamma in hela cell line and study of their immunogenicity in murine model. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease whose immunopathology mainly depends on cell mediated immuneresponse. genome sequencing revealed various ppe (proline-proline-glutamic acid) protein family of map which are immunologically importance candidate genes in present study we have developed a bicistrionic construct pir ppe/ifn containing a 34.9?kda ppe protein (ppe 34.9) of map along with a cytokine gene encoding murine gamma interferon gene (if ... | 2011 | 21350664 |
| endemic cattle diseases: comparative epidemiology and governance. | cattle are infected by a community of endemic pathogens with different epidemiological properties that invoke different managerial and governmental responses. we present characteristics of pathogens that influence their ability to persist in the uk, and describe a qualitative framework of factors that influence the political response to a livestock disease. we develop simple transmission models for three pathogens (bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine herpesvirus and mycobacterium avium spp. par ... | 2011 | 21624918 |
| amplified fragment length polymorphism reveals specific epigenetic distinctions between mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis isolates of various isolation types. | amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) was employed as a genetic analysis tool for the study of the genetic relatedness of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates harvested from bovine fecal samples and from bovine or human tissues. this analysis revealed genetic differences between these two isolate types that were confirmed through cluster analysis. dendrogram analysis separated these two isolate types based on the isolation scheme (tissue-associated versus fecal m. avium s ... | 2011 | 21471350 |
| paratuberculosis in european wild rabbits from the iberian peninsula. | of the non-ruminant wildlife species known to harbor mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map), the rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus) is thought to pose the greatest risk of transmission to cattle. we analyzed 80 hunter-harvested wild rabbits from a core study area in southern spain, and sera from 157 wild rabbits sampled opportunistically on seven additional sites. gross lesions compatible with paratuberculosis were observed in two of 80 necropsied rabbits. histopathology revealed focal to diffus ... | 2011 | 21367439 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in dairy products, meat, and drinking water. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the cause of johne's disease, a chronic infection of the gut, in ruminant animals that provide milk and/or meat for human consumption. map also may be involved in crohn's disease and type 1 diabetes in humans. although the role of map in human diseases has not been established, minimizing the exposure of humans to the organism is considered desirable as a precautionary measure. infected animals can shed map in feces and milk, and the organism ... | 2011 | 21375889 |
| tuberculosis in goats: assessment of current in vivo cell-mediated and antibody-based diagnostic assays. | tuberculosis in goats, mainly caused by mycobacterium bovis and m. caprae, is a zoonotic disease with implications for public health, as well as having an economic impact due to decreased goat production, increased mortality rates and costs of diagnosis. there is an increasing need for surveillance of tuberculosis-infected goat herds, particularly in countries that are not officially free of bovine tuberculosis, and goats sharing farms with cattle should be subjected to the official tuberculin t ... | 2011 | 21388843 |
| persistence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis at a farm-scale biogas plant supplied with manure from paratuberculosis-affected dairy cattle. | in this study, products from all steps of anaerobic digestion at a farm-scale biogas plant supplied with manure from paratuberculosis-affected dairy cattle were examined and quantified for the presence of the causal agent of paratuberculosis, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, using culture and quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr). viable m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells were detected using culture in fermentors for up to 2 months; the presence of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis dn ... | 2011 | 21398476 |
| clarification on usda-animal and plant health inspection service estimates: a comment on. | 2011 | 21426951 | |
| polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the rpob gene for identification of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and differentiation of mycobacterium avium subspecies. | mycobacterial speciation by polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (pra) of the rpob gene was evaluated for identification of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and other mycobacterium avium complex (mac) members to the species or subspecies level by comparison with conventional methods including hsp65 sequencing, high-performance liquid chromatography, and pcr for accepted species- or subspecies-specific genomic targets. a total of 185 t ... | 2011 | 21429694 |
| culture phenotypes of genomically and geographically diverse mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from different hosts. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes paratuberculosis (johne's disease) in ruminants in most countries. historical data suggest substantial differences in culturability of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from small ruminants and cattle; however, a systematic comparison of culture media and isolates from different countries and hosts has not been undertaken. here, 35 field isolates from the united states, spain, northern ireland, and australia were propagated in bactec 12b ... | 2011 | 21430104 |
| review of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigen candidates with diagnostic potential. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is a slow growing bacterium that can infect ruminants and remain latent for years without development of any clinical signs or disease. diagnosis is often based on detection of map antibodies in milk or serum samples or culture of bacteria from faeces; however, these diagnostic tools are often not applicable until years after infection. detection of map specific cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses can serve as an alternative and be implemented i ... | 2011 | 21481549 |
| validation and standardization of is900 and f57 real-time quantitative pcr assays for the specific detection and quantification of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease and may contribute to the onset and development of crohn's disease in humans. rapid detection of map is fundamental because of its reported isolation from pasteurized milk and its potential for transmission through environmental sources. in this study, we developed two independent real-time quantitative pcr assays targeting the is900 genetic insertion sequence and the f57 sequence, which proved capable of ... | 2011 | 21510779 |
| bayesian analysis of longitudinal johne's disease diagnostic data without a gold standard test. | a bayesian methodology was developed based on a latent change-point model to evaluate the performance of milk elisa and fecal culture tests for longitudinal johne's disease diagnostic data. the situation of no perfect reference test was considered; that is, no "gold standard." a change-point process with a weibull survival hazard function was used to model the progression of the hidden disease status. the model adjusted for the fixed effects of covariate variables and random effects of subject o ... | 2011 | 21524521 |
| diverse cytokine profile from mesenteric lymph node cells of cull cows severely affected with johne's disease. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of johne's disease, is able to dampen or distort immune responses at the mucosal sites and co-exist with a massive infiltration of immune cells in the gastro-intestinal tract. knowledge of the mechanism how map subverts the immune response at the mucosal level in cattle is important for development of improved disease control strategies including new vaccines and diagnostic tests. in this study, 38 cull cows from herds infect ... | 2011 | 21795461 |
| occurrence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in raw water and water treatment operations for the production of potable water. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes johne's disease of cattle and is implicated as a cause of crohn's disease in humans. the organism is excreted in animal faeces and can contaminate water catchment areas. this coupled with map's survival in the environment means that water destined for domestic use may be a source of exposure. this work was designed to determine the occurrence of map in lough neagh (the largest freshwater lake in the british isles), used as a reservoir, and ... | 2011 | 21529886 |
| the commensal microbiota and enteropathogens in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. | intestinal inflammation arises from abnormal host-microbe interactions. the perturbations of homeostatic coexistence involve host genetic factors, barrier function, innate and adaptive immunity, as well as qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of the microbiota. dysbiosis toward selected micro-organisms and decreased complexity of commensal bacteria have been observed in patients with crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, but it is not clear whether the dysbiosis contributes ... | 2011 | 21530738 |
| effect of management practices on paratuberculosis prevalence in danish dairy herds. | a voluntary risk-based control program on paratuberculosis in dairy cattle was initiated in denmark in 2006. cows were categorized as high-risk (antibody-positive at least once within the last 3 tests) or low-risk animals based on the results of 3 to 4 annual milk elisa detecting mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map)-specific antibodies. high-risk animals require management practices aimed at decreasing calf exposure to map-contaminated colostrum and milk, and feces originating from th ... | 2011 | 21426974 |
| association of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with multiple sclerosis in sardinian patients. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection is highly spread in the ruminant herds of sardinia, in the western mediterranean. the objective of this study was to investigate prevalence of map infection in association with multiple sclerosis (ms) using clinical specimen from patients and controls. we analyzed samples for the presence of map specific dna and to demonstrate humoral response to a map protein (map2694), a predicted homologue of the t-cell receptor gamma-chain/complemen ... | 2011 | 21533236 |
| induction of b cell responses upon experimental infection of neonatal calves with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | the objective of this study was to determine if experimental infection of neonatal calves with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) would invoke changes in the percentages of total b cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell population and in subpopulations of b cells as determined by cd5, cd25, and cd45ro markers during a 12-month period. methods of experimental infection included: control (noninfected); oral (map strain k-10); oral/dxm (pretreatment with dexamethasone before ... | 2011 | 21543587 |
| experimental infection of a bovine model with human isolates of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), the etiologic agent of johne's disease (jd) in ruminants, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of crohn's disease (cd) in humans. we developed a bovine ileal cannulation model to facilitate comparison of the immune response to map and the mechanisms of pathogenesis in cattle and humans. initial studies showed a t cannula could be maintained for up to a year in calves without inducing inflammation or adversely affecting intestinal function. ma ... | 2011 | 21477870 |
| within-herd contact structure and transmission of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in a persistently infected dairy cattle herd. | within-herd transmission of pathogens occurs either by direct or by indirect contact between susceptible and infected animals. in dairy herds that are structured into groups, the way in which animals encounter each other and share an environment can affect pathogen transmission. dairy cattle are heterogeneous in terms of susceptibility and infectivity with respect to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) transmission. it is mainly young animals that are susceptible and adults tha ... | 2011 | 21549436 |
| antimicrobial activity of gallium nitrate against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in neonatal calves. | background: mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), the agent of johne's disease in cattle, is a facultative intracellular bacterium that is dependent on ferric iron for its survival and replication. gallium (ga), a trivalent semimetal that shares many similarities with ferric iron and functions as an iron mimic has been shown to have in vitro antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms, including map. objectives: (1) to investigate the antimicrobial activity of ga in calves ... | 2011 | 21781171 |
| the johne's paradigm: from detection to management to treatment. | 2011 | 21778821 | |
| apparent prevalence of beef carcasses contaminated with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis sampled from danish slaughter cattle. | presence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in beef has been reported as a public health concern because asymptomatically infected cattle may contain map in tissues that are used for human consumption. associations between map carcasses contamination and animal characteristics such as age, breed, production type, and carcass classification were assessed. cheek muscles from 501 carcasses were sampled cross-sectionally at a danish abattoir and tested for presence of viable map an ... | 2011 | 21547261 |
| prevalence of paratuberculosis infection in dairy cattle in northern italy. | paratuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) that affects multiple ruminant species causing important economic losses. therefore, control programmes at herd and regional levels have been established worldwide and prevalence estimates are needed for their implementation. although different herd-level prevalence estimations for paratuberculosis have been reported in europe, very few studies provided comparable and interpretable v ... | 2011 | 21807432 |
| divergent cytokine responses of macrophages to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains of types ii and iii in a standardized in vitro model. | based on epidemiological and clinical observations, different strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) are suspected to significantly differ in their virulence for ruminants. in the pathogenesis of paratuberculosis, macrophages represent the principal target cell for map. in order to judge the ability of different map-genotypes to modulate macrophage responses, the cytokine responses of the monocyte cell line thp-1 were studied after challenge with three different map strains ... | 2011 | 21555192 |
| bovine ifngr2, il12rb1, il12rb2, and il23r polymorphisms and map infection status. | mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) infection causes a chronic granulomatous inflammatory condition of the bovine gut that is characterized by diarrhea, progressive weight loss, and emaciation, and ultimately leads to loss in productivity and profitability of dairy operations. the host cytokine machinery is known to play an important role in protecting against map infection. therefore, the goal of the present study was to assess whether polymorphisms in candidate genes encoding impor ... | 2011 | 21597988 |
| exploring the zoonotic potential of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis through comparative genomics. | a comparative genomics approach was utilised to compare the genomes of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) isolated from early onset paediatric crohn's disease (cd) patients as well as johne's diseased animals. draft genome sequences were produced for map isolates derived from four cd patients, one ulcerative colitis (uc) patient, and two non-inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) control individuals using illumina sequencing, complemented by comparative genome hybridisation (cgh). m ... | 2011 | 21799786 |
| short communication: refinement of genetic regions associated with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis tissue infection and tolerance to johne's disease. | johne's disease is a highly transmissible bacterial disease caused by mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map). the objective of this study was to refine the locus associated with map tissue infection and the locus associated with tolerance to johne's disease. using a genome-wide association analysis, single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with map tissue infection and tolerance to johne's disease on bos taurus autosome (bta)3 and bta15, respectively, have previously been identified. ... | 2011 | 21787960 |
| mycobacterial screening of czech red deer (cervus elaphus) populations in overwintering sites, 2004-2006. | one isolate of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was detected in 2,212 fecal samples of wild deer assembled in overwintering sites (ows). neither m. bovis nor m. a. subsp. avium was found. therefore, congregating deer in owss does not automatically lead to the amplification of these pathogens among animals in owss. | 2011 | 21719853 |
| case-control study: productivity and longevity of dairy cows that tested positive for infection with mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis as heifers compared to age-matched controls. | a case-control study was performed to determine if dairy heifers testing positive for mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) before 2 yr of age by either fecal culture or serum elisa had decreased productivity and longevity as cows compared with age-matched herdmates. cases were individually matched with 4 controls. survival analysis was conducted to determine differences in longevity between cases and controls. conditional logistic regression was used to assess differences in mean 3.5% ... | 2011 | 21605752 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in bioaerosols after depopulation and cleaning of two cattle barns. | settled dust samples were collected on a commercial dairy farm in the netherlands with a high prevalence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) (barn a) and on a dutch experimental cattle farm (barn b) stocked with cattle confirmed to be map shedders. barns were sampled while animals were present, after both barns were destocked and cleaned by cold high-pressure cleaning, and after being kept empty for two weeks (barn a) or after additional disinfection (barn b). map dna was de ... | 2011 | 21610001 |
| bacteria in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. | twin studies have demonstrated the importance of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, but progress has been relatively slow in identifying these, with the exception of smoking, which is positively associated with crohn's disease and negatively associated with ulcerative colitis. genetic studies have identified risk alleles which are involved in host-bacterial interactions and the mucosal barrier, and evidence is building for a likely pathogenic role for change ... | 2011 | 21787349 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis-incidences in milk and milk products, their isolation, enumeration, characterization, and role in human health. | mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map), excreted in the feces and milk, is reported to be not easily inactivated by pasteurization and thermal treatments as other bacteria infecting humans and animals do. the d values of all map strains tested were considerably higher than those published for other pathogens. culturing techniques for this organism are labor intensive. although an increasing amount of scientific evidence suggests that this organism can be responsible for at least some c ... | 2011 | 21620785 |
| serological and molecular detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cattle of dairy herds in colombia. | the objective of this study is the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) by serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), fecal polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and fecal culture in colombian dairy herds. serum and fecal samples from asymptomatic cows (n = 307) of 14 dairy herds were tested for map by an unabsorbed elisa test (elisa-a). serum and fecal samples from positive elisa-a animals (n = 31) were further tested by an absorbed elisa test (elisa-b) and pcr. fecal ... | 2011 | 21626066 |
| immune response of cattle immunized with a conjugate of the glycolipid glucose monomycolate and protein. | strong anti glycolipid igg responses can occur in humans and animals, but contrary to anti protein responses and anti glycoprotein responses, the exact mechanism of induction is unknown. we have previously shown that experimental immunization with the glycolipid glucose monomycolate (gmm) causes the development of specific t cell responses, but not of anti gmm antibodies. however, cattle naturally infected with mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis produce high levels of anti gmm igg. in the ... | 2011 | 21640388 |
| pathology and molecular diagnosis of paratuberculosis of camels. | camels are the prime source of meat and milk in many desert regions of the world including saudi arabia. paratuberculosis of camels, locally called silag, is a serious and invariably fatal disease in the arabian camel. six camels were used in this study. five camels with clinical paratuberculosis were used to study the pathology of the disease and confirm its aetiology. the sixth camel was clinically healthy and used as a control. the camels were examined clinically and bled for haematological a ... | 2011 | 21643659 |
| multi-comparative systems biology analysis reveals time-course biosignatures of in vivo bovine pathway responses to b.melitensis, s.enterica typhimurium and m.avium paratuberculosis. | to decipher the complexity and improve the understanding of host-pathogen interactions, biologists must adopt new system level approaches in which the hierarchy of biological interactions and dynamics can be studied. this paper presents the application of systems biology for the cross-comparative analysis and interactome modeling of three different infectious agents, leading to the identification of novel, unique and common molecular host responses (biosignatures). | 2011 | 21645321 |
| overt mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection: an infrequent occurrence in archived tissue from false tb reactor cattle in michigan, usa. | the objective of this study was to retrospectively determine whether or not cattle from the state of michigan which were classified as bovine tuberculosis reactors, based on currently approved field and laboratory testing methods, were overtly infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). included in this study were 384 adult cattle submitted to the diagnostic center for population and animal health over a seven-year period. cattle were tested utilizing standard methods to con ... | 2011 | 21647343 |
| enhancing the role of veterinary vaccines reducing zoonotic diseases of humans: linking systems biology with vaccine development. | the aim of research on infectious diseases is their prevention, and brucellosis and salmonellosis as such are classic examples of worldwide zoonoses for application of a systems biology approach for enhanced rational vaccine development. when used optimally, vaccines prevent disease manifestations, reduce transmission of disease, decrease the need for pharmaceutical intervention, and improve the health and welfare of animals, as well as indirectly protecting against zoonotic diseases of people. ... | 2011 | 21651944 |
| diagnosis and molecular characterization of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from dairy cows in colombia. | the objective of this study was the serological, bacteriological and molecular diagnosis, as well as the molecular characterization of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in adult cows of five colombian dairy herds. serum samples were tested by an indirect absorbed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa-c). all fecal samples were tested by pooled culture. after that, fecal samples of map positive pools were tested individually by culture and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). in on ... | 2011 | 21785685 |
| map3738c and mptd are specific tags of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in type i diabetes mellitus. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease, a chronic inflammation of ruminants' intestine. recent studies have linked map to type i diabetes mellitus (t1dm). we searched the presence of antibodies against two specific proteins of map (mptd and map3738c) in sera of patients affected by t1dm and type ii diabetes mellitus (t2dm). mptd protein (map3733c) has been recognized as a map virulent factor whereas map3738c has not yet been studied. both prot ... | 2011 | 21664191 |
| peptides specific for mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection: diagnostic potential. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease (jd). current serological diagnostic tests for jd are limited by their sensitivity when used in sub-clinical stages of the disease. our objective was to identify peptides that mimic diagnostically important map epitopes that might be incorporated into a new-generation jd diagnostic. four peptides were isolated from a phage-displayed random peptide library by screening on antibodies derived from map-in ... | 2011 | 21669956 |
| impaired dendritic cell proinflammatory cytokine production in psoriatic arthritis. | objective: the pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis (psa) remains poorly understood. the underlying chronic inflammatory immune response is thought to be triggered by unknown environmental factors potentially arising from a defective immune function. an impaired acute inflammatory response by dendritic cells (dcs) might compromise the clearance of bacteria and predispose to chronic inflammation. methods: the cytokine production by dcs from healthy controls, rheumatoid arthritis, psa and psoriasis ... | 2011 | 21811995 |
| leaching of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in soil under in vitro conditions. | mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of johne's disease, has a robust ability to survive in the environment. however, the ability of map to migrate through soil to drainage tiles or ground water, leave the farm, and leak into local watersheds is inadequately documented. in order to assess the ability of map to leach through soil, two laboratory experiments were conducted. in the first study, 8 columns (30 cm long each) of a sandy loam soil were treated with pure ... | 2011 | 21776350 |
| environmental contamination with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in endemically infected dairy herds. | environmental contamination with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is thought to be one of the primary sources of infection for dairy cattle. the exact link between fecal shedding of map by individual cows and environmental contamination levels at the herd level was explored with a cross-sectional analysis of longitudinally collected samples on 3 dairy farms. composite samples from multiple environmental sites in 3 commercial dairy herds in the northeast us were cultured quarterl ... | 2011 | 21775002 |
| immunological and pathological responses of red deer resistant or susceptible genotypes, to experimental challenge with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | this study aimed to monitor the clinical, immunological and pathological changes in red deer for 49 weeks after experimental oral challenge with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and to assess the heritability of resistance in the offspring of two red stags. eighteen young deer, which were bred from unselected hinds and sired by two stags resistant (r) or susceptible (s) to paratuberculosis, were challenged with map and monitored for 49 weeks. biopsy samples of the jejunal lymph ... | 2011 | 21782254 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by a direct in situ pcr method. | in situ detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is useful for diagnosis and research of paratuberculosis. the aim of this paper was to detect this agent in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples by a direct in situ pcr. the technique was performed on ileum or ileocaecal lymph node samples from 8 naturally infected cattle and 1 healthy calf, by using p89 and p92 primers for amplification of is900 sequence. moderate positive signal was detected in all positive samples an ... | 2011 | 21772965 |
| antibodies induced by lipoarabinomannan in bovines: characterization and effects on the interaction between mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and macrophages in vitro. | lipoarabinomannan (lam) is a major glycolipidic antigen on the mycobacterial envelope. the aim of this study was to characterize the humoral immune response induced by immunization with a lam extract in bovines and to evaluate the role of the generated antibodies in the in vitro infection of macrophages with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). sera from fourteen calves immunized with lam extract or pbs emulsified in freund's incomplete adjuvant and from five paratuberculosis-infec ... | 2011 | 21772964 |
| mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis and the etiology of crohn's disease: controversy resolution requires the patient perspective, not the clinician perspective. | 2011 | 21766085 | |
| Genetic susceptibility to paratuberculosis. | Multiple studies indicate that host animal genetics play a role in susceptibility to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection. However, due to differences in methods used to define MAP-infected animals and controls and differences in methods of genetic analysis, there is as yet no clear consensus on the genes or markers to reliably define the MAP infection susceptibility of any animal species. Meta-analysis of combined studies and larger studies will help resolve the situation ... | 2011 | 22023834 |