Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| infection of dairy cattle with mycobacterium johnei in a partially vaccinated herd. | 1971 | 5166580 | |
| susceptibility of swine to mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | 1971 | 4938780 | |
| experimental mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in chickens. | 1972 | 5022402 | |
| susceptibility of horses to mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | 1972 | 5081479 | |
| effect of methotrexate on rabbits infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis or dermatophilus congolensis. | 1972 | 4621817 | |
| clofazimine treatment of cows naturally infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | 1973 | 4683972 | |
| effect of revaccination on mycobacterium johnei infection in sheep. | 1973 | 4727899 | |
| [serological studies on cattle in catchment area of kabete (kenia). 2. determination of antibodies against mycobacterium paratuberculosis, brucella, salmonella, pasteurella multocida, listeria and leptospira]. | 1973 | 4199742 | |
| diagnosis of mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium paratuberculosis infections in cattle by in vitro lymphocyte immunostimulation. | 1974 | 4208505 | |
| antigenic activities of and antibody response to mycobacterium johnei. | 1974 | 4437643 | |
| absence of immunogenicity of an oral vaccine against mycobacterium johnei in sheep. | 1974 | 4830991 | |
| growth and metabolic characteristics of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | the cultural characteristics of newly isolated strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis on a variety of media were studied. the mycobactin dependence ascribed to this species of mycobacterium was found to be easily circumvented by incorporation of 1% ferric ammonium citrate in serum or egg yolk media, but the earliest and most abundant growth occurred on serum medium that contained mycobactin and sodium pyruvate. in the presence of ferric ammonium citrate, respiration did not decrease during 5 ... | 1974 | 4859342 |
| isolation and identification of mycobacteria from porcine tissues: a three-year summary. | mycobacteria were isolated from 1,591 (78%) of 2,036 porcine tissues submitted to veterinary services laboratories over a 3-year period (july 1, 1971, to june 30, 1974). the isolates were identified by biochemical and serologic tests. of the 1,547 mycobacterium avium isolates, 452 were serotype 1, 728 were serotype 2, 60 were serotyped 4, 110 were serotype 8, and 51 were serotyped 10; 36 isolates represented 11 other serotypes; 65 isolates shared antigens with more than one serotype; and 45 isol ... | 1975 | 1099946 |
| age of cattle as related to resistance to infection with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | two 1-month-old calves, four 9-month old calves, and 4 adult (5 to 11 years old) cattle were exposed to mycobacterium paratuberculosis. at 150 days after exposure, all cattle were killed and necropsied, and at that time, tissues of the 1-month-old calves had more bacilli and lesions than did tissues of the 9-month-old calves or the adult cattle. all cattle responded to immunologic tests during the experiment. | 1975 | 1115424 |
| analysis of the effect of inapparent bovine paratuberculosis. | inapparent paratuberculosis was studied in a guernsey herd with a history of paratuberculosis (johne's disease); the herd was maintained at between 900 and 950 cattle. fecal specimens and intestinal tissue specimens from any of these that were slaughtered were examined culturally for the presence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. the reasons given for culling and slaughtering of cows from this herd were compared with infection status determined by culturing. less than one-third of the cultural ... | 1975 | 1147338 |
| seroagglutination test for identification of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | twenty-nine of 30 strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis isolated from clinical specimens were serologically identified. no cross-reactions were observed with mycobacterium avium serotypes 1, 2, 4, and 8. | 1975 | 1176634 |
| effect of aflatoxin on susceptibility of hamsters to mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | after oral administration of mycobacterium paratuberculosis to hamsters, the organism passed the epithelial barrier of the intestine, and infection was established in the small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes. the addition of aflatoxin to the ration of hamsters did not increase their susceptibility to m paratuberculosis but, rather, seemed to decrease susceptibility to the bacillus. hamsters not treated with aflatoxin and infected with m paratuberculosis had higher bacterial counts in intes ... | 1975 | 1190596 |
| intravenous johnin and tuberculin tests in cattle vaccinated with mycobacterium paratuberculosis cells and subsequently inoculated with mycobacterium bovis. | calves at 30 days of age were vaccinated with a killed whole-cell mycobacterium paratuberculosis vaccine. four months later, these calves were inoculated with mycobacterium bovis. the intravenous tuberculin and johnin tests were applied both before and after inoculation. the results of the hematologic investigation had extremes at both high and low values and were too unsuitable for statistical analysis. the intravenous tuberculin test is considered unsuitable for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosi ... | 1975 | 1200443 |
| the specificity and sensitivity of the fluorescent antibody test for mycobacterium johnei infection in abattoir and culled cattle. | in a series of 100 cattle in which there was no bacteriological or histopathological evidence of mycobacterium johnei infection there were four positive reactions to the fluorescent antibody (fa) test with m johnei antigen and 20 to the complement fixation (cf) test. in a second series of 118 culled adult cattle m johnei infection was found in 26. the fa test was positive in 16 and the cf in 12 of those infected cattle. in 92 cattle with no evidence of m johnei infection the fa test was positive ... | 1976 | 769122 |
| the specificity and sensitivity of the fluorescent antibody test in cattle experimentally infected with mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium johnei. | in five calves experimentally infected with mycobacterium avium and in 10 with m johnei it was shown that the serological response by the fluorescent antibody (fa) test was specific. the serological response in the m avium infected calves was transitory and lasted up to five months. the first evidence of a serological response with the fa test in the m johnei dosed calves occurred at four months, and all calves had reacted by nine months after dosing. at the 23 tests carried out between four and ... | 1976 | 769123 |
| diagnosis of johne's disease in cattle: a comparison of five serological tests under field conditions. | sera from 775 adult milking cattle on 13 farms in friesland and from 359 of the same cattle taken during the following year, were examined for evidence of infection with m johnei by the complement fixation, fluorescent antibody, haemagglutination, haemagglutination-lysis and immunodiffusion tests. eighteen animals, not clinically affected but which had serologically positive tests were slaughtered and m johnei was isolated in cultures from 16. the fluorescent antibody test was as sensitive as th ... | 1976 | 820056 |
| susceptibility of the mongolian gerbil (meriones unguiculatus) to mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | mongolian gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) were exposed to mycobacterium paratuberculosis by intraperitoneal and oral routes. fourteen weeks after exposure, the gerbils were necropsied and tissues were cultured and examined microscopically. results of the study showed that gerbils can be infected with m paratuberculosis but are not suitable for studies of paratuberculosis. | 1976 | 962215 |
| [several strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis: biochemical characteristics and allergic activity]. | judged from its biochemical properties and antigenic structure, mycobacterium paratuberculosis is related to m. avium. when m. paratuberculosis was compared to b.c.g., several essential differences, were found that allowed their clear separation, within runyon's group iii, m. paratuberculosis is differentiated by its biochemical properties as shown in the following table : (formula: see text). the allergic response of a guinea pig infected with m. paratuberculosis was stronger when an avium sens ... | 1976 | 1023808 |
| application of the direct leukocyte-migration agarose test in cattle naturally infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | four cows with persistent diarrhea and complement-fixing antibodies to johnin were examined, using the leukocyte-migration agarose test (lmat) with johnin as the specific antigen. the diagnosis of paratuberculosis (johne's disease) was microscopically verified at necropsy. as control animals, 3 healthy cows and 3 cows with disease other than paratuberculosis were examined, using lmat. the migration indices in the group of cows with paratuberculosis were significantly lower (less than 0.001) than ... | 1977 | 911084 |
| effect of freezing on the viability of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in bovine feces. | three bovine fecal specimens were cultured for mycobacterium paratuberculosis before freezing and after frozen storage at -70 degrees c for 3 and 15 weeks. the losses in viability from 0 to 3 weeks of storage were significant (p = 0.01) for all three samples. the losses in viability between 3 and 15 weeks of storage were not significant (p greater than 0.05) for two specimens in which the m. paratuberculosis occurred naturally, but the loss was significant (p = 0.01) in a simulated specimen (m. ... | 1977 | 914994 |
| subcutaneous exposure of calves to myobacterium paratuberculosis compared with intravenous and oral exposures. | three groups of calves, 21 days of age, were exposed to mycobacterium paratuberculosis by oral, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes. fecal cultural examination and intradermal tests were made, and at 150 days after exposure, the calves were euthanatized and tissues were collected for histopathologic and bacteriologic cultural examination. calves in the 3 groups were infected. those exposed intravenously had significantly higher colony counts than did either of the other groups. there was no sig ... | 1977 | 931152 |
| comparison of techniques for measuring the local and systemic responses to tuberculin in cattle. | thermography of tuberculin skin reactions in cattle sensitized with mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium bovis, or mycobacterium paratuberculosis was rapid and sensitive, but was not as specifically related to the homologous sensitization as was increased skin thickness at 48 and 72 hours. systemic temperature responses were more completely monitored by radiotelemetry of intraperitoneally located temperature transmitters than by rectal thermometry, but the temperatures indicated by the 2 methods w ... | 1977 | 319714 |
| survival of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in slurry. | cattle and swine slurry and a mixture of equal parts of both, was mixed with a culture of m. paratuberculosis, 0.1 mg per ml (1 mg = 33 x 10(6) viable units) and stored under anaerobic conditions at 5 degrees and 15 degrees c. at 5 degrees c the survival time for m. paratuberculosis was 252 days in all 3 kinds of slurry, and at 15 degrees c it was 98 days in cattle slurry, 182 days in swine slurry, and 168 days in mixed slurry. | 1977 | 331238 |
| skin testing, fecal culture, and lymphocyte immunostimulation in cattle inoculated with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | fourteen calves at 21 days of age were experimentally inoculated with 100 mg (wet weight) of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. three calves were inoculated orally, 4 intravenously, and 7 subcutaneously. lymphocyte immunostimulation, fecal culture, and intradermal tuberculin skin testing were done between 112 to 150 days following exposure. lymphocyte immunostimulation test results, conducted at 112 days after inoculation, showed all animals positive to mycobacterium avium purified protein derivati ... | 1977 | 339793 |
| application of the direct leukocyte-migration agarose test in cattle from a mycobacterium paratuberculosis-infected herd. | using johnin as the specific antigen, the direct leukocyte-migration agarose test was applied to 10 cows from a mycobacterium paratuberculosis-infected herd. nine of the cows did not have signs of paratuberculosis; 1 cow was clinically affected. the cows were slaughtered and, on the basis of histopathologic and cultural examinations of the intestines, were classified as infected or noninfected. six of the healthy cows from which the bacterium was not isolated and the clinically affected cow reac ... | 1977 | 596700 |
| johne's disease and the practitioner. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis infections and the disease states resulting in cattle are defined as spectral in nature. there is a spectrum of immunological response which complicates tests based on this. it is recommended that initial diagnosis of suspicious clinical cases be confirmed by direct fecal smears and a serological test such as immunodiffusion. herd evaluation requires the application of fecal cultures plus immunodiffusion. control requires rigid management hygiene measures, surveill ... | 1978 | 630894 |
| pathological evaluation of paratuberculosis in naturally infected cattle. | thirty-two of 51 cattle infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis had chronic enteritis, chronic lymphangitis or mesenteric lymphadenopathy, or all three, at slaughter. granulomatous inflammatory lesions were mild to advanced and predominantly involved the distal small intestine. rectal involvement was seen only in five cattle. fourteen had microgranulomas in the liver. there were three cytological forms of macrophages: histiocytic, polygonal and epithelioid. the latter two types had engulfed ... | 1978 | 664186 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of antibodies to mycobacterium paratuberculosis in cattle. | 1978 | 696542 | |
| age and milk production data of cattle culled from a dairy herd with paratuberculosis. | statistical assessment of age and milk production data revealed a significantly shorter life expectancy and reduced milk production of mycobacterium paratuberculosis-infected dairy cows, when compared with non-infected herdmates. high producing cows were frequently culled after their 1st or 2nd gestation, contributing to an undetermined economic loss with regard to their potential breeding value. cows with subclinical infection frequently had problems of infertility and of mastitis. | 1978 | 711590 |
| experimentally induced infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis: potentiation of a moraxella bovis pilus vaccine's immunogenicity by vaccination with mycobacterium paratuberculosis bacterin. | 1978 | 717879 | |
| effect of dexamethasone on mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in hamsters. | sixty hamsters were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: group 1--given only dexamethasone, group 2--given dexamethasone and exposed to mycobacterium paratuberculosis, group 3--exposed to m paratuberculosis but not treated, and group 4--used as normal controls. group 2 hamsters (treated with dexamethasone and exposed to the bacterium) had significantly higher bacterial counts in spleen and aggregated lymphatic nodules (peyser's patches) than did those in group 3. none of the hamsters exposed to ... | 1978 | 736348 |
| serological similarity between caprine and bovine strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | 1978 | 743046 | |
| mammary gland exposure of cows to mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis injected into the mammary gland was transported to the supramammary lymph nodes in 5 of 6 cows and to the intestine of 1 cow. the bacillus caused hypersensitivity to johnin and stimulated the production of complement-fixing antibodies. apparently, the bacillus is not a cause mastitis. | 1978 | 749582 |
| immunological reactions caused by infection with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. a review. | the natural resistance of cattle to infection with mycobacterium paratuberculsis in relation to their immunological reactions is recorded. in vivo and in vitro manifestations of cell-mediated immunity during infection are reviewed, together with the antibody responses. it is suggested that three distinct immunological states may arise following exposure to infection. | 1978 | 351550 |
| in vitro lymphocyte transformation as a herd survey method for bovine paratuberculosis. | the lymphocyte-transformation (lt) test was evaluated for its potential application as a field test for bovine paratuberculosis. using a whole blood technique, samples from 3 consecutive collection periods were subjected to 3 mycobacterial antigens and to phytohemagglutinin. the results obtained from lt were compared with conventional serologic and cultural methods. a positive lt response to johnin purified-protein derivative (ppd) or avian ppd (or both) was noted in 40% to 60% of the animals te ... | 1978 | 417649 |
| detection of antibodies to mycobacterium johnei by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. | counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) was applied in the detection of antibodies to mycobacterium johnei in 110 sheep, 11 goat and 31 cattle sera and compared to immunodiffusion (id) test. one per cent noble agar, 7 ml per slide of 5 cm x 10 cm; barbitone-tris buffer, mu = 0.03, ph 8.6; a constant current of 5 ma per slide and m johnei protoplasmic antigen at 4 mg per ml were found to impart high sensitivity to cie and give rapid results. cie detected 97 sheep, 11 goat and 31 cattle positive sera, ... | 1978 | 96579 |
| radiommunoassay for antibodies against mycobacterium paratuberculosis using 125i-labeled ppd. | 1978 | 566028 | |
| culture of mycobacterium paratuberculosis from bovine foetuses. | 1979 | 464947 | |
| paratuberculosis (johne's disease) in bighorn sheep and a rocky mountain goat in colorado. | between may, 1972 and february, 1978, six cases of paratuberculosis (johne's disease) caused by mycobacterium paratuberculosis were diagnosed in free-ranging rocky mountain bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) and one rocky mountain goat (oreamnos americanus) on or near mt. evans in colorado. diagnosis of paratuberculosis was based on gross and histopathologic examination of the animals and by isolation of m. paratuberculosis from three sheep and the goat. the clinical signs and pathologic changes se ... | 1979 | 480512 |
| paratuberculosis in cattle and free-living exotic deer. | paratuberculosis was studied among dairy cows and exotic deer that shared grazing areas at point reyes national seashore, california. of the 10 dairy herds tested, 5 (50%) were infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis (based on results of fecal culture). mycobacterium paratuberculosis was cultured from 9 (8.7%) of the 103 bovine fecal samples and from 4 (3.9%) of the 103 bovine rectal mucosa scapings tested. of 89 fecal samples from 52 axis deer (axis axis) and 37 fallow deer (dama dama), 5 ... | 1979 | 500426 |
| observations on diagnostic tests for paratuberculosis in a deer herd. | paratuberculosis was diagnosed in a herd of 62 fallow deer (dama dama) and 38 sika deer (cervus nipon) maintained in an animal park in ohio. a comparison was made of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, results of in vitro lymphocyte immunostimulation tests, and isolation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis on fecal culture in 19 deer. | 1979 | 521371 |
| susceptibility of the lemming (dicrostonyx rubricatus) to mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | the susceptibility of the lemming (dicrostonyx rubricatus) to mycobacterium paratuberculosis was studied. twelve lemmings were exposed to cultural material of m paratuberculosis and were necropsied at 40- to 260-day intervals after exposure. selected tissues were examined bacteriologically and histologically. mycobacterium paratuberculosis was recovered from all exposed lemmings except the one necropsied 40 days after exposure. pathologic changes typical of paratuberculosis were seen in a few le ... | 1979 | 525886 |
| the prevalence of antibodies to mycobacterium johnei in colostrum deprived lambs. | the prevalence of antibodies to mycobacterium johnei in pre-colostral lambs in a flock of sheep infected with johne's disease was investigated. blood from 134 ewes and their 143 lambs were collected immediately after lambing. double immunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis tests were used to detect antibodies to m johnei. four (3 per cent) of 135 lambs born to 127 ewes with serological evidence of exposure to m johnei had detectable antibodies in their sera. all lambs fed colostrum from ... | 1979 | 552705 |
| cultural and biochemical characteristics of mycobacterium paratuberculosis isolated from goats in norway. | 1979 | 375704 | |
| isolation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis from sheep and cattle in iceland. | 1979 | 384773 | |
| comparison of agar gel immunodiffusion and fecal culture for identification of goats with paratuberculosis. | a large goat herd naturally infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis has been monitored for new infections for approximately 21/2 years, using both agar gel immunodiffusion and bacterial culture of feces. on the basis of postmortem confirmation of infection status, both methods had equal diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. the agar gel immunodiffusion test offered distinct advantages in ease of performance and rapidity of test results. it was concluded that serious consideration should b ... | 1980 | 6777351 |
| bovine paratuberculosis i. a herd study using complement fixation and intradermal tests. | a dairy herd (102 cattle) which had been enrolled under a paratuberculosis control program for two years utilizing a complement fixation test (carbohydrate antigen) and intradermal skin test (johnin ppd) was subjected to two further herd tests and followed to slaughter to determine infection status by culture and histology. mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection was demonstrated in 37 of the animals of which only five were considered reactors on the basis of the last two herd tests applied. cu ... | 1980 | 7407690 |
| bovine paratuberculosis ii. a comparison of fecal culture and the antibody response. | fecal culture for mycobacterium paratuberculosis and a complement fixing serological test using a carbohydrate antigen were compared for diagnostic efficiency in cattle naturally infected with m. paratuberculosis. serological reactivity was associated with the persistent fecal shedding of large numbers of bacteria and in the absence of false positives in the population studied, was considered an efficient method for the identification of this segment of infected cattle. minimally infected cattle ... | 1980 | 7407691 |
| agglutinins to bacteria in crohn's disease. | sera from patients with crohn's disease were tested for antibodies against organisms which are thought to cause inflammatory bowel disease in animals, or have been implicated in human crohn's disease. control sera were collected from healthy individuals and patients with ulcerative colitis. sera from crohn's disease and controls failed to agglutinate clostridium colinum or campylobacter sputorum subsp. mucosalis and two strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis (m26 and m27). most of the sera ag ... | 1980 | 7429299 |
| antibodies to mycobacterium paratuberculosis in intestinal fluids of sheep with johne's disease (paratuberculosis). | 1980 | 7445831 | |
| lack of intracellular degradation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis by bovine macrophages infected in vitro and in vivo: light microscopic and electron microscopic observations. | blood-derived macrophages from clinically healthy cows and cows infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis were cultured in vitro and inoculated with heat-killed m paratuberculosis. five weeks after infection, acid-fast bacteria continued to be demonstrated in the macrophages. macrophage cultures also were infected with living m paratuberculosis and were examined by electron microscopy. four weeks after infection, intact bacteria were found in all cultures. electron microscopic examinations of ... | 1981 | 7224304 |
| isolation of mycobacteria inducing cross-reactions in the complement fixation test for johne's disease. | eight bulls which gave positive reactions in the complement fixation test for johne's disease were identified in a group of 29 bulls which had previously given only negative reactions at repeated annual tests. one reacting bull was confirmed to be infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis at autopsy, but another reactor which was slaughtered had no visible lesions and mycobacteria were not recovered in culture. faecal samples from seven further bulls (six reactors and one non-reactor) yielded ... | 1981 | 7255925 |
| mycobacterium paratuberculosis in the semen and genital organs of a semen-donor bull. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis, the cause of johne's disease, was isolated from the feces of a donor bull in an artificial insemination stud. during isolation and observation for 21 months, the organism was recovered from all of 26 fecal samples and from 8 of 31 semen samples. at necropsy, it was isolated from the intestine and adjacent lymph nodes, lung, spleen, seminal vesicles, and prostate gland but not from the testicles. we concluded that routine fecal cultures at bull studs will reveal in ... | 1981 | 7263470 |
| comparative lymphocyte stimulation studies on whole blood from vaccinated and nonvaccinated cattle with paratuberculosis. | the lymphocyte stimulation test was evaluated in the diagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis, using whole blood samples from cattle. these samples were incubated with a purified protein derivative of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. samples from vaccinated and nonvaccinated cattle from paratuberculosis-free herds and from paratuberculous herds were used. vaccinated and nonvaccinated groups from the paratuberculous herds each included fecal culture-positive cattle, fecal culture-negative cattle, and ... | 1981 | 7271016 |
| effects of physiol and chemical factors on the viability of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | alternative methods of storing bovine fecal specimens for delayed culture of mycobacterium paratuberculosis was studied. significant (p less than 0.05) losses of viability were sustained by storage at 23 degrees c for 10 days and by treatment with 0.03 zephiran for 4 and 10 days. losses were moderate after storage at -70 degrees c for 15 weeks but significant (p greater than 0.05) after storage at 23 degrees c for 4 days. the alternative methods were compared with the standard method of processi ... | 1981 | 7309854 |
| in vitro responses of lymphocytes from cattle with advanced mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection to homologous and heterologous antigens. | the accuracy with which the purified lymphocyte and whole blood modifications of the lymphocyte stimulation test were able to detect animals with clinical johne's disease was compared with that of the complement fixation test and microscopic faecal examination. confirmatory diagnosis of johne's disease was based upon histopathological examination of intestinal tissue. false positive results were obtained only with the complement fixation test. the only test not giving rise to false negative resu ... | 1981 | 7313327 |
| isolation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis from the milk of a cow with johne's disease. | 1981 | 7340090 | |
| bovine paratuberculosis iii. an evaluation of a whole blood lymphocyte transformation test. | a whole blood lymphocyte transformation test was used to examine cattle with varying degrees of infection with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. minimally infected animals characteristically responded to johnin purified protein derivative in the lymphocyte transformation test but did not routinely react on serological and/or skin testing. heavily infected animals showed considerable variation in their lymphocyte transformation responses to antigen and some of them were consistently unresponsive. a ... | 1981 | 7340913 |
| intrauterine inoculation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis into guinea pigs and cattle. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis was inoculated intrauterinely into guinea pigs and cattle near the time of insemination to assess the effect and subsequent distribution of the organisms. guinea pigs inoculated intrauterinely with 1 of 3 concentrations of m paratuberculosis or not inoculated were caged with male guinea pigs for 10 days. guinea pigs given the largest dose had the lowest rate of pregnancy when examined. at necropsy, tissues were cultured to determine extent of infection. abortion fo ... | 1982 | 7073089 |
| an improved medium for culture of mycobacterium paratuberculosis from bovine faeces. | 1982 | 7180779 | |
| combined streptomycin-isoniazid-rifampin therapy in the treatment of johne's disease in a goat. | johne's disease (paratuberculosis) is an insidious, invariably fatal, chronic disease of ruminants. an increasing role for the goat as a companion animal as well as its commercial use stimulated interest in attempting to treat johne's disease in this species. the disease tends to differ both clinically and pathologically in goats compared to cattle because the former species often has less severe intestinal involvement. it was, therefore, speculated that response to therapy may differ between ca ... | 1982 | 17422141 |
| experimental infection of some north american wild ruminants and domestic sheep with mycobacterium paratuberculosis: clinical and bacteriological findings. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis originally isolated from bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) with spontaneous paratuberculosis was used to orally inoculate rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) calves, mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) fawns, white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) fawns, bighorn x mouflon (ovis musimon) hybrid lambs, and domestic lambs. all experimentally exposed animals became infected. during the first year of infection, hybrid and domestic sheep were able to control the in ... | 1983 | 6644916 |
| isolation of specific peptides from mycobacterium paratuberculosis protoplasm and their use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of paratuberculosis (johne's disease) in cattle. | an antigen was isolated from the protoplasm of mycobacterium paratuberculosis by a combination of gel filtration, ion exchange, and affinity chromatography. the purified antigen constituted 7.8% of the total protein in the protoplasm. the specificity and sensitivity of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for paratuberculosis, using the purified antigen, were evaluated with sera from 104 cattle which were examined (surveyed) for m paratuberculosis infection by fecal cultural technique. ... | 1983 | 6660610 |
| eastern white-tailed deer as a reservoir of ruminant paratuberculosis. | ten white-tailed deer were shot and killed at a connecticut farm that had a 6-year history of bovine paratuberculosis, and organs from these animals were examined for evidence of paratuberculosis. mycobacterium paratuberculosis was isolated from the cecal lymph node, terminal ileum, and ileocecal valve of 1 deer and from the cecal lymph node of another. characteristic lesions and acid-fast bacilli were not observed. it was concluded that infected deer could serve as sources of infection for dome ... | 1983 | 6826436 |
| bacteria in enteric lesions of cattle. | thirty-nine species of bacteria were isolated from or demonstrated in the abomasal and small and large intestinal mucosa of 23 adult cattle and 41 calves and identified. the bacteria isolated were related to the gross and microscopical lesions. campylobacters, clostridium perfringens type a, c sordellii, actinobacillus lignieresii, fusobacterium necrophorum, mycobacterium paratuberculosis, aeromonas hydrophila and escherichia coli were all associated with specific lesions. the relationship of ot ... | 1983 | 6829137 |
| diagnosis of johne's disease in sheep by counter-immunoelectrophoresis. | the use of counter-immunoelectrophoresis (ciep) in the diagnosis of johne's disease was investigated in flocks of sheep in iran and libya. in 50 sheep with no history of paratuberculosis none had antibodies to mycobacterium paratuberculosis. animals vaccinated as neonates were either negative or had reciprocal titres (rt) of less than 4 at 18 months of age unless exposed to infection. among 105 non-vaccinated adults in an infected flock 91% had antibodies. twenty-one animals that either died or ... | 1983 | 6845428 |
| pathology of spontaneous and experimental infection of north american wild ruminants with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | spontaneous paratuberculosis was studied in free-ranging and captive bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), and rocky mountain goats (oreamnos americanus). lesions of paratuberculosis in these species resembled the disease in domestic sheep and goats. mycobacterium paratuberculosis cultured from bighorn sheep was used to orally infect bighorn x mouflon (ovis musimon) hybrid sheep, elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). clinical pa ... | 1983 | 6879954 |
| indirect immunoperoxidase test for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis. | an indirect immunoperoxidase procedure for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis was described. formalin-fixed ileocecal tissue containing large numbers of mycobacterium paratuberculosis organisms was used as the source of antigen. goat anti-bovine immunoglobulin g labeled with peroxidase was used as the conjugate in the test system. the method is relatively simple to do and may prove to be valuable as a routine screening test. | 1983 | 6359983 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of bovine immunoglobulin g1 antibody to a protoplasmic antigen of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the detection of antibodies to mycobacterium paratuberculosis in the sera of cattle. this assay was designed to minimize the nonspecific elisa reactions caused by immunoglobulin (ig)m by measuring only igg1 antibodies against a protoplasmic antigen from the organism. the elisa detected igg1 antibodies in the sera of 58% of cattle with positive fecal cultures for m paratuberculosis compared with detection of 45% of culture-positive an ... | 1983 | 6418039 |
| agar gel immunodiffusion test for diagnosis of clinical paratuberculosis in cattle. | during a 19-month period, the agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test was used as an aid in differential diagnosis of paratuberculosis in 51 cattle with a history of chronic weight loss and/or chronic diarrhea. thirty-three cattle were agid test-positive for paratuberculosis. twenty-eight cattle (87.5%) yielded mycobacterium paratuberculosis from bacterial culture of feces. four cattle were confirmed as having paratuberculosis on necropsy. one had a negative fecal culture but was lost to follow-up. ... | 1984 | 6430850 |
| possible role of mycobacteria in inflammatory bowel disease. ii. mycobacterial antibodies in crohn's disease. | an unclassified mycobacterium species has been isolated from two patients with crohn's disease (cd). antibodies to the unclassified mycobacteria cross-reacted with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. because of this cross-reactivity, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to examine the sera of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) patients, both cd (n = 56), and ulcerative colitis (uc) (n = 34), for antibodies to m. paratuberculosis, mycobacterium kansasii, and mycobacterium tuberculosis. ... | 1984 | 6437775 |
| possible role of mycobacteria in inflammatory bowel disease. i. an unclassified mycobacterium species isolated from patients with crohn's disease. | a previously unrecognized mycobacterium species was isolated from two patients with crohn's disease. the organism is an acid-fast, mycobactin-dependent mycobacterium that has characteristics which do not conform to any of the presently recognized species. it belongs to the runyon group iii mycobacteria and is most closely related to mycobacterium paratuberculosis. animal inoculation revealed pathogenicity for mice when injected intravenously or intraperitoneally, but not for rats, guinea pigs, r ... | 1984 | 6499624 |
| characteristics of an unclassified mycobacterium species isolated from patients with crohn's disease. | the characteristics of an unclassified mycobacterium sp. isolated from three patients with crohn's disease are presented. the organism is extremely fastidious and mycobactin dependent and may require up to 18 months of incubation for primary isolation. colony morphology is rough. characteristics are unlike those of any presently defined species. the isolates produced postive niacin, catalase, and 2-week arylsulfatase reactions and were susceptible to neotetrazolium chloride (1:40,000), streptomy ... | 1984 | 6511878 |
| mycolic acid patterns of some species of mycobacterium. | representative strains of some species of mycobacterium were degraded by both acid and alkaline methanolysis. two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography was used to determine the patterns of mycolic acids and other long-chain components in these methanolysates. patterns composed of alpha-, methoxy- and ketomycolates were found in mycobacterium asiaticum, mycobacterium bovis, mycobacterium gastri, mycobacterium gordonae, mycobacterium kansasii, mycobacterium marinum and mycobacterium tuberculosis; ... | 1984 | 6517656 |
| review of the occurrence of mycobactin dependence among mycobacteria species. | most mycobacteria are able to make mycobactin for themselves. but, mycobacterium paratuberculosis, m. avium atypical like wood-pigeon mycobacteria and some strains of m. avium typical for the primary isolation, lack this capacity and require mycobactin for growth in the laboratory. | 1984 | 6393849 |
| diagnosis of paratuberculosis in sheep. | paratuberculosis in sheep usually is manifested as emaciation and decreased wool production. diarrhea occurred in only 18% of affected animals. significant hematologic changes included decreased rbc count, hemoglobin level and hematocrit. necropsy revealed pallor, cachexia and serous fluid in body cavities. staining of intestinal mucosal scrapings and mesenteric lymph node impression smears for acid-fast organisms revealed bright-red clumps of mycobacterium paratuberculosis bacilli. fecal examin ... | 1984 | 6727847 |
| cross-reactions between mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium paratuberculosis strains in complement fixation and gel precipitation tests. | 1984 | 6241982 | |
| a glycolipid antigen specific to mycobacterium paratuberculosis: structure and antigenicity. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis (national animal disease center strain 18 and american type culture collection strain 19698), the causative agent of johne disease (bovine paratuberculosis), contains a major immunoreactive glycopeptidolipid (polar gpl-i) that has been isolated and characterized. (formula; see text) thus, the glycolipid antigen belongs to the polar mycoside c glycopeptidolipid family present in other mycobacterial species. the distal 2,3-di-o-methyl-alpha-l-fucopyranosyl-(1----3)-a ... | 1985 | 3858803 |
| isolation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis from intestinal mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes of goats by use of selective dubos medium. | to isolate mycobacterium paratuberculosis from contaminated material, a selective medium, selective dubos medium (sdubos), was developed by supplementing conventional dubos medium (cdubos) with carbenicillin, polymyxin, trimethoprim, and amphotericin b. the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes of 1,501 goats were cultured in parallel on sdubos and cdubos after decontamination with oxalic acid. the contamination rate was reduced more than 150 times by the use of sdubos. the number of positive spe ... | 1985 | 3897274 |
| control of paratuberculosis (johne's disease) in goats by vaccination. | after several years of unsuccessful efforts to eradicate paratuberculosis in goats in norway by conventional methods such as general hygienic precautions and the isolation and slaughtering of clinically affected and serologically positive animals, a vaccination programme was initiated in 1967. the vaccine used consists of two live attenuated strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis suspended in a mixture of liquid paraffin, olive oil and pumice powder. the vaccine may be stored at 4 degrees c f ... | 1985 | 4002570 |
| [experimental paratuberculosis: biological diagnosis in calves inoculated with strains of mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria]. | during an experiment on the pathogenicity of mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria strains for calf, the kinetics of antibody formation during infection was studied. the progress of cellular immunity was followed by examining delayed hypersensitivity using four allergens (bovine tuberculin hcsm, avian tuberculin hcsm, avian tuberculin ppd, and johnin ppd), and that of humoral immunity using complement fixation test and elisa. simultaneously, the elimination of bacilli in the faeces was examined. the ... | 1985 | 4014991 |
| characterization of mycobacterium paratuberculosis of bovine, caprine, and ovine origin by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of fatty acids in whole-cell extracts. | the cellular fatty acid composition of mycobacterium paratuberculosis from bovine, ovine, and caprine origin (grown on herrold's egg yolk medium) was determined by gas-liquid chromatography (glc) and mass spectrometry and was compared with that of 19 other mycobacterium spp. a species-specific fatty acid of m paratuberculosis was not demonstrable. gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of cellular fatty acids was used to develop flow charts for the rapid identification of m paratuberculosis and oth ... | 1985 | 4051303 |
| isolation, identification, and structural analysis of the mycobactins of mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare, mycobacterium scrofulaceum, and mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | methods were devised to purify the cell-associated, iron-binding compounds known as mycobactins from the closely related species mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare, and mycobacterium scrofulaceum (i.e., the mais complex of organisms). the mycobactins from these three species showed a structure that is common to the mycobactins from all the mycobacteria examined to date. however, these mycobactins were unique in that they had more than one alkyl chain. the m. scrofulaceum mycobacti ... | 1985 | 4055700 |
| comparison of the pathogenicity of mycobacterium paratuberculosis and mycobacterium spp isolated from the wood pigeon (columba palumbus-l). | the pathogenicity of 4 strains of mycobacteria isolated from wood pigeons and 2 strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis was compared in calves, mice and chickens. three of the 4 wood pigeon strains and the 2 m. paratuberculosis strains produced clinical johne's disease in calves. all 6 strains were pathogenic for mice and the 4 wood pigeon strains were pathogenic for chickens. the strains were not agglutinated by antisera to strains of the m. avium complex and all were mycobactin-dependent. it ... | 1985 | 4067024 |
| lymphocyte blastogenesis, complement fixation, and fecal culture as diagnostic tests for paratuberculosis in north american wild ruminants and domestic sheep. | the efficacy of the lymphocyte blastogenesis and complement-fixation tests and fecal culture for detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection was assessed in bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (o virginianus), bighorn x mouflon (o musimon) hybrid sheep, and domestic sheep. spontaneously infected bighorns were tested at the time of capture; experimentally infected animals were tested monthly for 12 months or p ... | 1985 | 4073642 |
| characterization of mycobacterium paratuberculosis antigenic proteins. | the characterization of a purified antigen from mycobacterium paratuberculosis, recently made commercially available for use in serodiagnosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), of paratuberculosis in cattle was described. this assay had 89% specificity and 83% sensitivity for m paratuberculosis infection. the protein/polypeptide composition of the purified antigen was compared with that of a crude protoplasmic extract of strain 18 m paratuberculosis used in the agar-gel immunodiffusio ... | 1985 | 4073656 |
| a technique for the purification of mycobacterium paratuberculosis from the ileal mucosa of infected cattle. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis, the causative agent of paratuberculosis, produces considerable economic loss in the cattle industry in many countries. the slow growth of m. paratuberculosis has hindered investigations of the antigenic composition of the organism and the development of species-specific antigen for serological detection of this disease. this paper describes a simple method for the isolation of large quantities of viable m. paratuberculosis from the intestinal mucosa of infected ca ... | 1986 | 3533028 |
| immunodiffusion analysis shows that mycobacterium paratuberculosis and other mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria are variants of mycobacterium avium. | antigenic analysis by immunodiffusion has been applied to 74 strains of mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria. thirty-eight strains were of mycobacterium paratuberculosis from cases of johne's disease of cattle or goats. the remaining cultures were obtained from a variety of animals and included the wood pigeon bacillus. rabbit antisera were raised to some of the strains and these, together with antisera to m. avium and m. intracellulare, were used to examine sonicate preparations of all the culture ... | 1986 | 3096932 |
| infection experiments with mycobacterium paratuberculosis strains. | 1986 | 2953190 | |
| restriction endonuclease analysis of various strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis isolated from cattle. | deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) preparations from 3 reference strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis and from 23 isolates of m paratuberculosis obtained from cattle in new zealand were characterized by restriction endonuclease analysis, using the enzymes bste ii, pvu ii, and bcl i. patterns of dna fragments for strain 18 (one of the reference strains) differed markedly from patterns of other strains, indicating genetic differences between strain 18 and the other strains of m paratuberculosis eval ... | 1986 | 3022622 |
| evidence of paratuberculosis in ohio's white-tailed deer, as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed and used to detect antibodies to mycobacterium paratuberculosis in serum samples obtained in december of 1983 from 954 hunter-killed white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in 13 ohio counties. positive or negative status was determined by calculating a signal-to-noise ratio, a ratio between the optical density of the test serum and negative reference sera; a ratio of greater than or equal to 3.0 was considered positive. twenty-four s ... | 1986 | 3099612 |
| immunohistochemical distribution of ferritin, lactoferrin, and transferrin in granulomas of bovine paratuberculosis. | granulomatous lesions of bovine paratuberculosis contained ferritin, lactoferrin, and a small amount of transferrin, as demonstrated by the immunohistochemical method. macrophages in the normal bovine ileum did not contain lactoferrin and transferrin; however, ferritin was found in individual macrophages of peyer's patches. these results may help elucidate the relationship between intracellular growth of mycobacterium paratuberculosis and the presence of iron-binding proteins in the granulomas. | 1986 | 3699898 |
| biochemical characteristics of various strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | biochemical activities of 20 wild-type strains and of 2 laboratory strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis were evaluated. biochemical activities evaluated were growth at 30 c, 37 c, and 42 c; production of urease, niacin, pyrazinamidase, arylsulfatase, and catalase; hydrolyzation of tween 80; reduction of nitrate and tellurite; and growth in 5% nacl. antimicrobial susceptibility to thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide (10 micrograms/ml), neotetrazolium chloride (1:40,000), streptomycin (2 mi ... | 1986 | 3740613 |
| in vitro transformation of lymphocytes from blood and milk of cows with subclinical paratuberculosis. | lymphocytes from blood or milk of 12 cows were evaluated in vitro for the lymphocyte's capability to proliferate in response to mitogens (phytohemagglutinin-a, concanavalin a, and pokeweed mitogen) and to an antigen prepared from mycobacterium paratuberculosis (purified protein derivative, ppd-j). responses of 4 control cows were compared with those of 4 cows subclinically infected with m paratuberculosis and with 4 apparently noninfected herdmates. blood lymphocytes or milk lymphocytes from con ... | 1986 | 3740620 |
| a reappraisal of the complement fixation test using soluble mycobacterium avium antigen for the detection of m. paratuberculosis infection in cattle. | serums from 263 cattle suspected of having paratuberculosis on the basis of clinical signs, were tested for antibodies to mycobacterium paratuberculosis with a complement fixation test (cft) employing a heat extracted, soluble m. avium antigen. microscopic examination confirmed that 172 (65.4%) clinically affected animals had paratuberculosis, the remainder being disease-free. the specificity and sensitivity of the cft was 92.3% and 74.4% respectively. phenol treatment of serums before testing w ... | 1986 | 3753338 |