Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| optimisation of culture of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from blood samples. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease or paratuberculosis, a chronic enteritis of ruminants, and has been suggested to play a role in crohn's disease in humans. while disease expression is primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, isolation of map or map dna at distant sites indicates that disseminated infections also occur. this is the first study to compare, optimise and critically evaluate different methods of concentrating map from spi ... | 2010 | 19932719 |
| significant reduction in bacterial shedding and improvement in milk production in dairy farms after the use of a new inactivated paratuberculosis vaccine in a field trial. | paratuberculosis vaccination has been in use in some regions for many decades, but results have not been widely spread. a new mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) killed vaccine was studied in relationship with its effects on fecal shedding and milk production in four farms while other two were kept as controls submitted to a test and cull scheme. | 2009 | 19930604 |
| identification of immune parameters to differentiate disease states among sheep infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | johne's disease, a chronic enteritis of ruminants, is caused by infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. three distinct forms have been observed in sheep: paucibacillary disease (pb), multibacillary disease (mb), and asymptomatic infection (as). in this study, immune parameters for animals naturally infected with m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and identified postmortem as having pb, mb, or as were compared to provide a further understanding of the immunological reactivity co ... | 2010 | 19923568 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in muscle, lymphatic and organ tissues from cows with advanced johne's disease. | blood, liver, kidney, lymph nodes and muscle tissue were obtained from the carcasses of five cows with advanced johne's disease. samples from the raw tissues, from cooked muscle tissues and from cooked hamburger patties that contained chopped mesenteric lymph nodes were collected aseptically. each sample was divided into two portions, one of which was decontaminated. both portions were homogenized. homogenates were spread on selective agar for the recovery of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuber ... | 2010 | 19923028 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis detection in individual and bulk tank milk samples from bovine herds and caprine flocks. | paratuberculosis, or johne's disease, is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), and it generates great economic losses for the dairy industry worldwide. in humans, map has been associated with crohn's disease. mexico has unknown paratuberculosis prevalence, and yet, control programs have not been applied. this study aimed to determine the presence of map in milk samples from seropositive goats and cows and bulk tank milk samples from herds previously designated map-infected ... | 2010 | 19911881 |
| mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis high shedding in an adult female alpaca, and its implications for the rest of the herd. | 2009 | 19909432 | |
| thermal inactivation profiles of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in lamb skeletal muscle homogenate fluid. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes johne's disease in livestock and there is a debate about its role in humans in chronic inflammatory bowel disorders such as crohn's disease, but the relationship remains unproven. nevertheless livestock health authorities in many countries aim to lower the prevalence of this infection to reduce potential contamination of the human food supply. map may occur in bovine milk and data on thermal inactivation suggest pasteurisation is an effect ... | 2010 | 19896745 |
| analysis of correlations between the occurrence of anti-map antibodies in blood serum and the presence of dna-map in milk. | paratuberculosis (johne's disease) is a chronic, infectious enteritis of both domestic and wild ruminants. unfortunately, the problem of map infections is not linked only with the health status of animals and potential direct and indirect economic losses in bovine herds (of dairy cattle in particular). map bacilli present in food of animal origin (milk in particular) are likely to lead to the development of the disease in humans. fast and effective diagnosis of the disease in animals, especially ... | 2009 | 19886260 |
| identification of seroreactive proteins in the culture filtrate antigen of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis human isolates to sera from crohn's disease patients. | the etiology of crohn's disease (cd) is unresolved, but it is likely that an interplay of host genetic factors and environmental triggers is relevant. mycobacterium paratuberculosis (map) has been focused upon as one of these triggers because it causes a similar chronic inflammatory bowel disease in animals. however, the differences among map antigens isolated from humans (h-map) and cattle (b-map) have not been well characterized. in this study, culture filtrate (cf) proteins from map isolates ... | 2010 | 19878316 |
| a comparison of methods for the construction of confidence interval for relative risk in stratified matched-pair designs. | a stratified matched-pair study is often designed for adjusting a confounding effect or effect of different trails/centers/ groups in modern medical studies. the relative risk is one of the most frequently used indices in comparing efficiency of two treatments in clinical trials. in this paper, we propose seven confidence interval estimators for the common relative risk and three simultaneous confidence interval estimators for the relative risks in stratified matched-pair designs. the performanc ... | 2010 | 19856277 |
| production of and applications for a polyclonal igy diagnostic reagent specific for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | antibodies specific to the cell surface antigens of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) have multiple useful applications, e.g. organism detection, immunoconcentration, and cell visualization. the aim of this study was to produce and compare polyclonal antibodies for such research and diagnostic purposes. three polyclonal antibodies to map were produced using sera from immunized rabbits and chickens plus naturally infected cows. cross-reactive antibodies in each map antibody prepar ... | 2009 | 19851733 |
| reduced transcript stabilization restricts tnf-alpha expression in raw264.7 macrophages infected with pathogenic mycobacteria: evidence for an involvement of lipomannan. | despite the critical role that tnf-alpha plays in the containment of mycobacterial infection, the mechanisms involved in regulation of its expression by mycobacteria are poorly defined. we addressed this question by studying map, which causes a chronic enteritis in ruminants and is linked to human crohn's disease. we found that in map infected macrophages, tnf-alpha gene expression was substantially lower than in macrophages infected with nonpathogenic ms or stimulated with lps. tnf-alpha transc ... | 2010 | 19850884 |
| short communication: detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by polymerase chain reaction in bovine milk in brazil. | mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis, or johne's disease, a chronic granulomatous enteritis that affects all ruminants worldwide. since the isolation of map from intestinal tissue of human patients bearing crohn's disease, there has been a debate on the possibility of this agent playing a role in the etiology of crohn's disease. milk could be the potential vehicle for transmission to humans. mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis has alrea ... | 2009 | 19841202 |
| optimization of a rapid viability assay for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by using alamarblue. | a microtiter alamarblue assay was adapted and optimized for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. using cell concentrations ranging from 10(4) to 10(8) cfu/ml, a minimum incubation time to indicate viability was obtained after 24 h. rifampin (rifampicin) was used to demonstrate that this method has applications for high-throughput screening against m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | 2009 | 19837835 |
| the structure and peroxidase activity of a 33-kda catalase-related protein from mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis. | true catalases are tyrosine-liganded, usually tetrameric, hemoproteins with subunit sizes of approximately 55-84 kda. recently characterized hemoproteins with a catalase-related structure, yet lacking in catalatic activity, include the 40-43 kda allene oxide synthases of marine invertebrates and cyanobacteria. herein, we describe the 1.8 a x-ray crystal structure of a 33 kda subunit hemoprotein from mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (annotated as map-2744c), that retains the core element ... | 2009 | 19827095 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) as a modifying factor in crohn's disease. | crohn's disease (cd) is a multifactorial syndrome with genetic and environmental contributions. mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) has been frequently isolated from mucosal tissues of patients with cd but the cellular immune response to this bacterium has been poorly described. our aim was to examine the influence of map on t-cell proliferation and cytokine responses in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). | 2010 | 19824071 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in tissue samples of cattle and buffaloes. | tissue samples were collected at random from cattle (bos taurus) and buffalo (bubalus bubalis) from an abattoir of the district of lahore and were analyzed for the presence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis through acid-fast staining and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). body condition of animals and diarrhea were recorded. most of the animals were emaciated. diarrhea was noticed in 15.6% of buffaloes and 19.2% of cattle. intestinal pathology was observed in 2 ... | 2010 | 19816784 |
| experimental infection model for johne's disease using a lyophilised, pure culture, seedstock of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | johne's disease is a severe chronic enteritis of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map). repeatable infections of known duration are required for validation of new diagnostic tests, evaluation of pathogenesis and development of improved vaccines. in the first study of its type, a standardised experimental model for johne's disease was developed based on a lyophilised, low passage, pure culture, seedstock of map. experimental inoculations of sheep with accuratel ... | 2010 | 19815353 |
| modulation of pathogen-induced ccl20 secretion from ht-29 human intestinal epithelial cells by commensal bacteria. | human intestinal epithelial cells (iecs) secrete the chemokine ccl20 in response to infection by various enteropathogenic bacteria or exposure to bacterial flagellin. ccl20 recruits immature dendritic cells and lymphocytes to target sites. here we investigated iec responses to various pathogenic and commensal bacteria as well as the modulatory effects of commensal bacteria on pathogen-induced ccl20 secretion. ht-29 human iecs were incubated with commensal bacteria (bifidobacterium infantis or la ... | 2009 | 19814810 |
| occurrence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis across host species and european countries with evidence for transmission between wildlife and domestic ruminants. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) causes an infectious chronic enteritis (paratuberculosis or johne's disease) principally of ruminants. the epidemiology of map is poorly understood, particularly with respect to the role of wildlife reservoirs and the controversial issue of zoonotic potential (crohn's disease). genotypic discrimination of map isolates is pivotal to descriptive epidemiology and resolving these issues. this study was undertaken to determine the genetic diversit ... | 2009 | 19811631 |
| molecular identification of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in an italian patient with hashimoto's thyroiditis and melkersson-rosenthal syndrome. | 2010 | 19797462 | |
| linking chronic infection and autoimmune diseases: mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, slc11a1 polymorphisms and type-1 diabetes mellitus. | the etiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1dm) is still unknown; numerous studies are performed to unravel the environmental factors involved in triggering the disease. slc11a1 is a membrane transporter that is expressed in late endosomes of antigen presenting cells involved in the immunopathogenic events leading to t1dm. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) has been reported to be a possible trigger in the development of t1dm. | 2009 | 19768110 |
| loss of income from cows shedding mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis prior to calving compared with cows not shedding the organism on two minnesota dairy farms. | quantification of the financial effect of mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection on lactation performance is essential to encourage participation of dairy cattle producers in johne's disease (jd) control programs. the objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in net income per lactation of cows shedding mycobacterium paratuberculosis before calving compared with test-negative cows. two minnesota dairies were enrolled in the study and fecal samples were collected from 1,048 cows d ... | 2009 | 19762809 |
| short communication: progression of johne's disease curtailed by a probiotic. | the naturally occurring inflammatory bowel disease johne's, caused by mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map), has many clinical manifestations in common with the human inflammatory bowel disease crohn's disease. in addition, both lack preventive and curative therapies. because a high percentage of crohn's patients harbor map, it is not surprising that map is at the center of controversy as to its contribution. special concern is being raised as to what role, if any, food animals play in ... | 2009 | 19762800 |
| evaluation of ziehl-neelsen stained faecal smear and elisa as tools for surveillance of clinical paratuberculosis in cattle in the netherlands. | testing cattle suspected of clinical paratuberculosis is an important element of surveillance of paratuberculosis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic-test characteristics of microscopic examination of ziehl-neelsen stained faecal smears for acid-fast mycobacteria (zn-test) and serum-elisa in cattle suspected of clinical paratuberculosis in the netherlands. results of all samples submitted for zn-test and serum-elisa between april 2003 and april 2006 to our laboratory were retri ... | 2009 | 19762098 |
| effects of interactions of antibacterial drugs with each other and with 6-mercaptopurine on in vitro growth of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) has been targeted for treatment with clarithromycin and rifamycin derivatives in numerous cases of crohn's disease (cd). 6-mercaptopurine and its pro-drug azathioprine are widely used as immunomodulators in the treatment of cd and have recently been shown to have anti-map activity in vitro. the objectives of the study were to evaluate the in vitro effects on map of (i) 6-mercaptopurine when combined with each of eight conventional antibacteri ... | 2009 | 19759042 |
| gamma-delta t cell subsets are differentially associated with granuloma development and organization in a bovine model of mycobacterial disease. | the characteristic lesion in bovine tuberculosis is well-organized respiratory granulomas. this is typically associated with a strong t-helper 1 biased cell-mediated immune response and eventual containment of the infection. in bovine paratuberculosis, the classic lesion is unorganized granulomatous intestinal inflammation. clinical paratuberculosis is associated with a t-helper 2 biased humoral immune response and eventual death because of inability of the host to contain the infection. recent ... | 2009 | 19758417 |
| the use of mpb70 and mpb83 to distinguish between bovine tuberculosis and paratuberculosis. | in order to demonstrate the potential to distinguish paratuberculosis (ptb) from bovine tuberculosis infection (tb), elisas with m. bovis-specific mpb70 or mpb83 as capture antigens were developed and tested on two groups of cattle: group a comprised 23 animals positive for mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map) and tb free. group b comprised 48 animals from a map free herd during the previous 5 years, but confirmed as tuberculous by positive results on ppd testing and m. bovis culture. resu ... | 2010 | 19735941 |
| survival of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in biofilms on livestock watering trough materials. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease, a chronic enteric infection that affects ruminants. despite the ubiquitous occurrence of mycobacterium sp. in nature and the fact that johne's disease has been reported worldwide, little research has been done to assess its survival in agricultural environments. the goal of this 365-day study was to evaluate the ability of map to persist in mixed-community biofilms on materials commonly used to construct ... | 2010 | 19717251 |
| a mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis luxr regulates cell envelope and virulence. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis adapts to the environment via the regulation of genes affecting its envelope's composition. bacteria grown in milk (in vivo conditions) presented differences in the cell wall-associated lipids and in the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism (fade8, fade6 and map1420) and host cell invasion (map1203, lprl). a different lipid profile was also observed in the envelope of intracellular bacteria after 1 h of infection. intracellular bacteria sho ... | 2010 | 19710090 |
| low cross-reactivity of t-cell responses against lipids from mycobacterium bovis and m. avium paratuberculosis during natural infection. | although cd1 proteins are known to present mycobacterial lipid antigens to t cells, there is little understanding of the in vivo behavior of t cells restricted by cd1a, cd1b and cd1c, and the relative immunogenicity and immunodominance of individual lipids within the total array of lipids that comprise a bacterium. because bovines express multiple cd1 proteins and are natural hosts of mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map), we used them as a new animal model of cd1 fu ... | 2009 | 19688747 |
| immunohistochemical localization of galectin-3 in the granulomatous lesions of paratuberculosis-infected bovine intestine. | the presence of galectin-3 was immunohistochemically quantified in bovine intestines infected with paratuberculosis (johne's disease) to determine whether galectin-3 was involved in the formation of granulation tissue associated with the disease. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection was histochemically confirmed using ziehl-neelsen staining and molecularly diagnosed through rpob dna sequencing. galectin-3 was detected in the majority of inflammatory cells, possibly macrophages, ... | 2009 | 19687616 |
| identification and functional characterization of the iron-dependent regulator (ider) of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of johne's disease in cattle and sheep, has unique iron requirements in that it is mycobactin-dependent for cultivation in vitro. the iron-dependent regulator (ider) is a well-characterized global regulator responsible for maintaining iron homeostasis in mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). we identified an orthologous segment in the map genome, map2827, with >93 % amino acid identity to mtb ider. electrophoretic mobility sh ... | 2009 | 19684064 |
| internalization-dependent recognition of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis by intestinal epithelial cells. | mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease, a highly prevalent chronic intestinal infection in domestic and wildlife ruminants. the microbial pathogenesis of map infection has attracted additional attention due to an association with the human enteric inflammatory crohn's disease. map is acquired by the faecal-oral route prompting us to study the interaction with differentiated intestinal epithelial cells. map was rapidly internalized and accumulate ... | 2009 | 19681906 |
| prevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in ileocecal lymph nodes and on hides and carcasses from cull cows and fed cattle at commercial beef processing plants in the united states. | clinical associations between crohn's disease in humans and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) have been suggested but not confirmed. cattle could be sources for map, but little information on map prevalence with beef has been reported. samples of ileocecal lymph nodes and swabs of hides and carcasses from 343 animals at cull cattle slaughtering facilities and 243 animals at fed cattle slaughtering facilities across the united states were analyzed for the presence of map. amplific ... | 2009 | 19681269 |
| crohn disease and mycobacterial infection in children: an intriguing relationship. | the relation between crohn disease (cd) and mycobacterial infection is complex and intriguing. the 2 conditions share common immunopathogenic features, and the hypothesis that mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis may cause cd is still under debate. moreover, differential diagnosis between cd and intestinal tuberculosis (tb) may be challenging, especially in the growing proportion of children immigrating from countries with a high prevalence of tb. thus, in western countries, paediatri ... | 2009 | 19680150 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in a diamant sparrow. | 2009 | 19666920 | |
| unique genotypes of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains of type iii. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) strains with two new is900 restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) bsteii types intermediate suspected to belong to the map type iii group were isolated from migrating sheep in germany. such strains have only been sporadically identified in a few studies. for a better understanding of the genomic diversity of map with regard to specific host associations, geographic origin, and the discussed classification into type i, type ii and type ii ... | 2009 | 19647378 |
| effect of levamisole on faecal levels of acid-fast organisms in cows with paratuberculosis. | 2009 | 19633326 | |
| benefits of obtaining test-negative level 4 classification for beef producers in the voluntary bovine johne's disease control program. | the us voluntary bovine johne's disease control program (vbjdcp) stipulates the national standards for johne's disease (jd) control, and herds classified as test-negative at level 4 of the vbjdcp have the greatest likelihood of being non-infected. a questionnaire survey of owners of vbjdcp test-negative level 4 beef herds was conducted to describe perceived benefits of attaining level 4 status. thirty-nine of the 40 producers returned completed or partially completed surveys. sixty-four percent ... | 2009 | 19625094 |
| reliability of environmental sampling to quantify mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis on california free-stall dairies. | the reliability of environmental sampling to quantify mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) based on collector and time was evaluated. fecal slurry samples were collected using a standardized protocol simultaneously by 2 collectors of different experience levels. samples were collected from 30 cow pens on 4 dairies every other day on 3 occasions while cow movements between pens were minimal. the 4 study herds had moderate map seroprevalence and were housed in free-stall dairies in cent ... | 2009 | 19620644 |
| characterization of the apa antigen from m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis: a conserved mycobacterium antigen that elicits a strong humoral response in cattle. | johne's disease or paratuberculosis is widespread in almost all countries and remains difficult to eradicate. nowadays, diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (mptb) infection is one of the main concerns. in this work, we evaluated the expression, biochemical properties and antigenicity of the apa antigen, encoded by the gene annotated as map1569, in the mptb genome. we confirmed its expression in mptb and its glycosylation by the cona binding assay. although the mptb-apa is no ... | 2009 | 19616313 |
| single-antigen serological testing for bovine tuberculosis. | antibody responses are useful indicators of mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle. tests for such responses often use multiple m. bovis antigens as detection probes. this is recommended because responses to single antigens may be too variable for consistent diagnosis. however, the use of multiple antigens increases costs and the risk of false-positive results. as an alternative, the seralyte-mbv system detects responses to a single m. bovis antigen, mpb83, by using a chemiluminescent testing p ... | 2009 | 19605596 |
| the gammadelta cells as marker of non-seroconverted cattle naturally infected with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | early diagnosis of map infection is a pressing need to enable efficient intervention with the spread of map infection in herds. hence, study of lymphocyte subsets and their expressed adhesion molecules could contribute in defining a distinct diagnostic marker (or markers) at the subclinical period of the infection that could in turn facilitate the development of effective diagnostic approach. in accordance with this objective, milk and blood samples were collected from two groups of cattle natur ... | 2010 | 19589549 |
| presence, characterization, and genotype profiles of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from unpasteurized individual and pooled milk, commercial pasteurized milk, and milk products in india by culture, pcr, and pcr-rea methods. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) causes johne's disease in ruminants, a chronic enteritis evocative of human inflammatory bowel disease. in industrialized countries map has been cultured from pasteurized milk, compounding the increasing concern that map may be zoonotic. the purpose of this study was to evaluate commercially available unpasteurized and pasteurized milk and its products for the presence of viable map or map dna from an area of northern india with a population ... | 2010 | 19576834 |
| investigation and diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis in a captive herd of aoudad (ammotragus lervia). | an epizootic of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis occurred in a captive herd of aoudad (ammotragus lervia) over a period of 18 mo. each of the affected animals was subject to a thorough postmortem examination that included histopathology, tissue concentration and acid-fast staining, aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture, mycobacterial culture, and real-time polymerase chain reaction specific for mycobacterium tuberculosis dna. histopathologic lesions consistent with pulmonary mycobacteriosis, inc ... | 2009 | 19569478 |
| adsorption of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to soil particles. | attachment of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to soil particles could increase their availability to farm animals, as well as influence the transportation of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis to water sources. to investigate the possibility of such attachment, we passed a known quantity of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis through chromatography columns packed with clay soil, sandy soil, pure silica, clay-silica mixture, or clay-silica complexes and measured the organisms recovered in ... | 2009 | 19561187 |
| the toxic effects of multiple persistent organic pollutant exposures on the post-hatch immunity maturation of glaucous gulls. | this study tested whether the immune system of the glaucous gull (larus hyperboreus) chicks became affected by existing environmental contaminants. an experimental group was given food that mimicked the natural contaminant mixture found in food from the north atlantic marine environment, while the control group was given the equivalent of nearly clean food. all chicks were immunized with herpes virus (ehv), reovirus (reo), influenza virus (eiv), and tetanus toxoid (tet) in order to test their ab ... | 2009 | 19557615 |
| evaluation of three molecular methods of repetitive element loci for differentiation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). | the aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficiency of three methods to determine the molecular diversity of 34 mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) strains isolated from 17 cattle herds. the applied methods included the analysis of sequence polymorphism of the mononucleotide (g1 and g2) and trinucleotide sequences (ggt) of the short sequence repeats (ssr) and the determination of size polymorphism of 9 different mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (miru) and 6 variab ... | 2009 | 19557341 |
| direct detection of unamplified dna from pathogenic mycobacteria using dna-derivatized gold nanoparticles. | mycobacterial infections have a high economic, human and animal health impact. herein, we present the development of a colorimetric method that relies on the use of gold nanoparticles for fast and specific detection of mycobacterium spp. dispensing with the need for dna amplification. the result can be recorded by visual and/or spectrophotometric comparison of solutions before and after acid induced aunp-probe aggregation. the presence of a complementary target prevents aggregation and the solut ... | 2009 | 19539667 |
| candidate gene polymorphisms (boifng, tlr4, slc11a1) as risk factors for paratuberculosis infection in cattle. | paratuberculosis (johne's disease) imposes a significant problem to the world dairy and beef industries and today is considered a potential zoonosis. the disease is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and is characterized by progressive weight loss and profuse diarrhoea. susceptibility to infection is suspected to have a genetic component, and moderated values for heritability of infection have been reported. interferon gamma is an inducible cytokine with a crucial role in the ... | 2009 | 19525022 |
| a novel cell wall lipopeptide is important for biofilm formation and pathogenicity of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria plays a key role in their pathogenesis. previously, the psta gene was shown to be involved in the virulence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. ap), the causative agent of johne's disease in cattle and a potential risk factor for crohn's disease. scanning electron microscopy and colonization levels of the m. ap mutant indicated that the psta gene significantly contributes to the ability of m. ap to form biofilms. digital measurements ta ... | 2009 | 19490829 |
| contamination of food products with mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis: a systematic review. | although a causal link between mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) and crohn's disease has not been proved, previous studies suggest that the potential routes of human exposure to map should be investigated. we conducted a systematic review of literature concerning the likelihood of contamination of food products with map and the likely changes in the quantity of map in dairy and meat products along their respective production chains. relevant data were extracted from 65 resear ... | 2009 | 19486426 |
| inactivation of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in milk by uv treatment. | to determine the effect of uv radiation on the viability of two strains of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) inoculated into milk. | 2009 | 19486288 |
| isolation of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis reactive cd4 t cells from intestinal biopsies of crohn's disease patients. | crohn's disease (cd) is a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the intestine. the etiology is unknown, but an excessive immune response to bacteria in genetically susceptible individuals is probably involved. the response is characterized by a strong th1/th17 response, but the relative importance of the various bacteria is not known. | 2009 | 19479064 |
| sample handling substantially affects johne's elisa. | detection methods for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) are imperfect, yet crucial for diagnosis of johne's disease. our purpose was to test for significant and biologically relevant changes in johne's elisa results associated with how field-collected blood samples were transported to the laboratory, prepared and stored prior to testing, while removing potential confounding by test kit and laboratory variables. blood samples were collected from 21 cows that previously had map eli ... | 2009 | 19477542 |
| novel mutations in tlr genes cause hyporesponsiveness to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. | toll like receptors (tlr) play the central role in the recognition of pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps). mutations in the tlr1, tlr2 and tlr4 genes may change the ability to recognize pamps and cause altered responsiveness to the bacterial pathogens. | 2009 | 19470169 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in children with early-onset crohn's disease. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is the most enduring infectious candidate that may be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). it is possible that the inconsistencies in the prevalence studies of map in adults reflect clinical differences in adult patients studied, including duration of disease and treatment regimens, and also in lack of specificity of some of the assays used. the aim was to determine the presence of map in children with symptoms of crohn's disease ... | 2009 | 19462429 |
| comparison of three methods for susceptibility testing of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to 11 antimicrobial drugs. | to evaluate the bactec(tm) mgit(tm) 960/mgit para tb (mgit) system for drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), a pathogen implicated in some forms of crohn's disease. | 2009 | 19457932 |
| [role of mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in the etiopathogenesis of crohn's disease]. | 2009 | 19457586 | |
| a longitudinal study on the impact of johne's disease status on milk production in individual cows. | longitudinal data from 3 commercial dairy herds in the northeast united states were collected from 2004 to 2007. johne's disease status, as indicated by mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection levels, was determined through quarterly elisa serum testing, biannual fecal culture, and culture of tissues at slaughter. milk production data were collected from the dairy herd improvement association. the effect of johne's disease status on milk production was analyzed using a mixed linear m ... | 2009 | 19447998 |
| antibiotics and probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: why, when, and how. | to summarize recent evidence on the role of intestinal bacteria in inflammatory bowel diseases, and of antibiotics and probiotics in their treatment. the implications connected with the use of antibiotics are also examined. | 2009 | 19444096 |
| on the evolution of 'indian bison type' strains of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of johne's disease (jd) in animals, has also been linked with crohn's disease in human beings. lack of indigenous diagnostics and vaccine hampered control of jd in india. designing effective control strategies require thorough understanding of the etiological agent at phenotypic and molecular levels. on the basis of cultural phenotypes and is1311 pcr-rea typing, map strains have been genotyped as 'cattle type', 'sheep typ ... | 2010 | 19442500 |
| therapeutic vaccine comprising mycobacterium hsp70. | mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of johen's disease. this infection of the small intestine is a global problem in the livestock industry. bacterial shedding by infected but subclinical animals, and transmission via the fecal or intrauterine route and through colostrum and/or milk, make containment and eradication of this disease highly problematic. current vaccine strategies are ineffective and no effective therapy is available. | 2009 | 19441901 |
| comparison of faecal culture and is900 pcr assay for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine faecal samples. | comparative efficacy of faecal culture and is900 polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay of faecal samples was investigated in 40 clinically suspected cases of johne's disease in dairy cattle. the sensitivity of faecal culture and pcr assay in this study was 52.5% (21/40) and 90% (36/40) respectively. all isolates appeared only on the mycobactin j supplemented herrold's egg yolk medium (heym) at 8-16 weeks post-inoculation, were acid-fast and were positive for is900 pcr yielding a single amplicon ... | 2009 | 19440851 |
| single nucleotide polymorphisms in the is900 sequence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis are strain type specific. | insertion sequence is900 is used as a target for the identification of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. previous reports have revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms within is900. this study, which analyzed the is900 sequences of a panel of isolates representing m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain types i, ii, and iii, revealed conserved type-specific polymorphisms that could be utilized as a tool for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes. | 2009 | 19439536 |
| identification of differentially expressed genes in ileum, intestinal lymph node and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of sheep infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using differential display polymerase chain reaction. | discovery of differentially expressed genes aids in understanding molecular mechanisms underpinning normal and pathological states. when studying animals such as sheep where the entire genome has not been characterized, techniques that do not require knowledge of gene sequences are particularly advantageous. we used one such technique, differential display polymerase chain reaction (dd-pcr), to identify genes that had different degrees of expression in response to mycobacterium avium subsp. para ... | 2009 | 19439365 |
| heat shock protein 70 subunit vaccination against bovine paratuberculosis does not interfere with current immunodiagnostic assays for bovine tuberculosis. | paratuberculosis or johne's disease in ruminants is an infectious disease of the small intestine caused by mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis, and a global problem of the livestock industry. no therapy is available and the use of a whole bacterin vaccine is limited due to interference with tuberculosis diagnostics. in earlier studies we showed the protective effect of hsp70/dda subunit vaccination against paratuberculosis. in the current study, potential interference of this vaccination w ... | 2009 | 19428845 |
| biomarker discovery in subclinical mycobacterial infections of cattle. | bovine tuberculosis is a highly prevalent infectious disease of cattle worldwide; however, infection in the united states is limited to 0.01% of dairy herds. thus detection of bovine tb is confounded by high background infection with m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. the present study addresses variations in the circulating peptidome based on the pathogenesis of two biologically similar mycobacterial diseases of cattle. | 2009 | 19424492 |
| factors affecting red deer skin test responsiveness to bovine and avian tuberculin and to phytohaemagglutinin. | we studied the effect of management on the responsiveness of red deer (cervus elaphus) to skin testing with mycobacterial and non-mycobacterial antigens. we hypothesized that individuals from populations of the same species under different management conditions would have a different immune responsiveness. deer sampled in this study included 1041 adult animals from 6 spanish farms and 111 adult wild deer. we injected four sites of the neck with 0.1 ml bovine purified protein derivative (ppd), 0. ... | 2009 | 19423178 |
| a whole genome association analysis identifies loci associated with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection status in us holstein cattle. | the purpose of this study was to identify loci associated with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) infection status in us holsteins using the illumina bovinesnp50 beadchip whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) assay. two hundred forty-five cows from dairies in new york, pennsylvania and vermont enrolled in longitudinal herd studies between january 1999 and november 2007 were assessed for the presence of map in both faecal and tissue samples. an animal was considered ... | 2009 | 19422364 |
| neutralization of interleukin-10 from cd14(+) monocytes enhances gamma interferon production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected goats. | the gamma interferon assay is used to identify mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected animals. it has been suggested that regulatory mechanisms could influence the sensitivity of the test when it is performed with cells from cattle and that the neutralization of interleukin-10 (il-10) in vitro would increase the gamma interferon responses. to investigate the regulatory mechanisms affecting the gamma interferon assay with cells from goats, blood was collected from m. avium subsp. pa ... | 2009 | 19420185 |
| isolation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from muscle tissue of naturally infected cattle. | johne's disease or paratuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the small intestine of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). recent studies suggest an association between map and crohn's disease in humans. map can become widely distributed within the tissues of infected animals, and meat may be a possible route of exposure of map to humans. in this study, 47 dairy and beef cattle were examined for the occurrence of viable map in diaphragm muscle. a ... | 2009 | 19415976 |
| study of microbiological and molecular typing aspects of paratuberculosis in sheep and goats in northern greece. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, an acid-fast bacterium is the agent of johne's disease, an intestinal disease that causes poor nutrient intake in ruminants. during the period 1987-2003, 322 of 777 (41.4%) goat herds and 97 of 458 (21.1%) sheep flocks were found to be infected with m.a.paratuberculosis in northern greece. from goats, mycobacteria were isolated from 238 of 652 (36.5%) of intestinal tissues, 14 of 119 (11.8%) of lymph nodes and five of 369 (1.4%) of faecal samples. fro ... | 2009 | 19413882 |
| role of nitric oxide production in dairy cows naturally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | nitric oxide (no) is a crucial mediator in host defense and is one of the major killing mechanisms within macrophages. its induction is highly affected by the types of cytokines and the infectious agents present. in the current study, no production was evaluated after in vitro infection of unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) after 8h, 3 and 6 days of culture for cows in different stages of disease. in addition, the effe ... | 2009 | 19409621 |
| antibody recognition to secreted proteins of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in sera from infected ruminants. | two liquid culture media to obtain secreted proteins of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis at different incubation periods were evaluated. middlebrook 7h9-oadc (7h9) and watson-reid (wr) broths were inoculated with a field strain of m. paratuberculosis and growth curves determined using nonlinear regression analysis. most culture filtrate (cf) proteins were of low molecular weight and reacted strongly against sera from cultured-positive cases of paratuberculosis. cf proteins obtained in ... | 2009 | 19406591 |
| efficacy of feeding plasma-derived commercial colostrum replacer for the prevention of transmission of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in holstein calves. | to estimate the relative risk of paratuberculosis (johne's disease [jd]) in calves fed a plasma-derived colostrum-replacement (cr) product versus raw bovine maternal colostrum (mc). | 2009 | 19405889 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis fibronectin attachment protein activates dendritic cells and induces a th1 polarization. | paratuberculosis is a chronic infectious disorder and a major problem in farmed ruminants. this disease is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis is an important pathogen that causes johne's disease in animals and also has been implicated as a possible cause of crohn's disease in humans, but little is known about the protective immune responses to this microorganism. fibronectin attachment protein (fap) is a member of a family of fibronectin-bindi ... | 2009 | 19398539 |
| first isolation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from wild guanacos (lama guanicoe) on tierra del fuego island. | the aim of this study was to search for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection in a free-ranging wild animal species in a region where johnes's disease has yet to be reported and to classify map isolates using a genomic typing method. fecal samples were obtained from 501 wild guanacos (lama guanicoe) from tierra del fuego island, chile, in august 2006. samples were cultured using herrold's egg yolk medium with and without mycobactin j. after 9 mo of incubation, suspected map ... | 2009 | 19395739 |
| optimization of a phage amplification assay to permit accurate enumeration of viable mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells. | a commercially available phage amplification assay, fastplaquetb (biotec laboratories, ipswich, united kingdom), when used according to the manufacturer's instructions, does not permit accurate enumeration of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. the aim of this study was to optimize the phage amplification assay conditions to permit accurate quantification of viable m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells. the burst time for m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was initially determined to inf ... | 2009 | 19395561 |
| a bovine macrophage screening system for identifying attenuated transposon mutants of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with vaccine potential. | johne's disease is a chronic granulomatous enteritis in ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). the disease is responsible for considerable economic losses in the livestock industry and in particular within the dairy sector. a more effective vaccine against johne's disease would be of major benefit. in this study, we developed an efficient procedure for identifying mutants of map with reduced virulence that are potential live vaccine candidates against johne's dise ... | 2009 | 19386227 |
| adhesion molecules and cytokine profile in ileal tissue of sheep infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | sheep develop clinical diseases after 3-5 years after infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). clinical symptoms of paratuberculosis include persistent diarrhea and weight loss due to a chronic inflammation of the small intestine. tissue alterations in the areas of the ileo-cecal junction are often observed. here, we investigate the molecular processes underlying tissue damages in intestinal mucosa of 14 sheep showing either tuberculoid or lepromatous form of map enterit ... | 2009 | 19376260 |
| directed evolution of a quorum-quenching lactonase from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis k-10 in the amidohydrolase superfamily. | the pll(pte-like lactonase)-group of enzymes within the amidohydrolase superfamily hydrolyze n-acyl-homoserine lactones (ahls) that are involved in bacterial quorum-sensing pathways. these enzymes possess the (beta/alpha)(8)-barrel fold and serve as attractive templates for in vitro evolution and engineering of quorum-quenching biological molecules that can serve as antivirulence therapeutic agents. using a quorum-quenching lactonase from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis k-10 (gi: 414 ... | 2009 | 19374350 |
| prevalence of michigan dairy herds infected with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis as determined by environmental sampling. | a cross-sectional, stratified random survey of michigan dairy herds was conducted to estimate the prevalence of herds infected with mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of johne's disease, in michigan using targeted environmental sampling. one pooled sample each from the primary manure storage area and a high-traffic common cow area from each herd was collected and cultured for map using the esp culture system ii. a herd was classified as positive if at least one sampl ... | 2009 | 19359059 |
| searching for proteins of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis with diagnostic potential by comparative qualitative proteomic analysis of mycobacterial tuberculins. | accurate immunodiagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis is among others hampered by the lack of specific antigens. one of the most frequently used antigen preparations is purified protein derivative (ppd), also known as tuberculin. this crude extract has limitations when used in diagnostic assays due to the presence of cross-reactive antigens. the aim of the current study was to systematically analyze the qualitative protein composition of ppd of the major mycobacterial pathogens. one-dimensional ge ... | 2009 | 19349126 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cow bulk tank milk in cyprus detected by culture and quantitative is900 and f57 real-time pcr. | the possibility that mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) plays some role in the development of crohn's disease in humans is attracting attention to milk and milk products originating from infected animals. in this study, we focused on the detection of map in 220 bulk tank milk (btm) samples from all dairy cattle herds in cyprus. in total, 63 (28.6%) btm milk samples were found to be positive for map using quantitative real-time pcr assays for is900 and f57. the presence of map in b ... | 2009 | 19349086 |
| expression of nramp1 and inos in mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis naturally infected cattle. | paratuberculosis (ptb) is a chronic disease caused by m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) that affects several animal species, and some studies have suggested that there may be a relationship between crohn's disease and ptb. significant aspects of ptb pathogenesis are not yet completely understood, such as the role of macrophages. natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (nramp1) and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) molecules have shown nonspecific effects against several ... | 2010 | 19345998 |
| comparison of milk culture, direct and nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with fecal culture based on samples from dairy herds infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the etiologic agent of johne's disease in cattle and other farm ruminants, and is also a suspected pathogen of crohn's disease in humans. development of diagnostic methods for map infection has been a challenge over the last few decades. the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between different methods for detection of map in milk and fecal samples. a total of 134 milk samples and 110 feces samples were collected from 1 ... | 2009 | 19337397 |
| effect of subcutaneous administration of a killed mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis vaccine on colonization of tissues following oral exposure to the organism in calves. | objective-to evaluate the effect of vaccination of calves with a killed mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) vaccine on colonization of tissues following oral map exposure. animals-12 healthy holstein calves. procedures-at 14 days after birth, calves received the map vaccine (1.0 ml, sc) or saline (0.9% nacl) solution (1.0 ml, sc [control treatment]). each calf received 1.2 x 10(9) cfus of live map orally 21 and 22 days after vaccination. prior to vaccination and at subsequent interv ... | 2009 | 19335105 |
| seroprevalence and epidemiological characteristics of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis on 114 cattle farms in south west england. | between december 2002 and april 2006, 114 cattle farms in the south west of england were visited at least once, with 100 farms visited three times. a total of 29,782 serum samples were collected from 15,736 individually identified cattle. the sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the mean seroprevalence in herds sampled three times was 7.1%; 10.1% of cattle had at leas ... | 2009 | 19327856 |
| where are all the mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in patients with crohn's disease? | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) causes a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the intestines, johne's disease, in dairy cows and every other species of mammal in which it has been identified. map has been identified in the mucosal layer and deeper bowel wall in patients with crohn's disease by methods other than light microscopy, and by direct visualization in small numbers by light microscopy. map has not been accepted as the cause of crohn's disease in part because it ha ... | 2009 | 19325887 |
| association of farm soil characteristics with ovine johne's disease in australia. | speculation about the association of soil characteristics with the expression of ovine johne's disease (ojd) prompted this cross-sectional study. we enrolled 92 sheep flocks in australia during 2004-2005 and in each enrolled flock collected pooled faecal samples from an identified cohort (group of same age and sex) of sheep and soil samples from the paddocks grazed by this cohort of sheep. faecal pools were cultured to create three outcome variables: positive or negative status of faecal pools ( ... | 2009 | 19321215 |
| on the effect of thalidomide on mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in culture. | without known mechanisms of action, thalidomide is used to treat a variety of non-malignant 'idiopathic' diseases. there is increasing concern that mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) may be zoonotic. recently, methotrexate, azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine (6-mp), 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-asa), cyclosporine a, rapamycin, and tacrolimus have been shown to inhibit map growth in culture, indicating that, unknowingly, map infections may have been treated for decades. we herein test ... | 2009 | 19303801 |
| enzyme-linked immunospot: an alternative method for the detection of interferon gamma in johne's disease. | to date, the sensitivity of the interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect johne's disease (jd) has been poor, especially in the early stages of disease. to improve the sensitivity of ifn-gamma detection in the early stages of infection, an alternate assay needs to be developed. the enzyme-linked immunospot (elispot) assay is a highly sensitive technique for the detection of cytokines and has the potential to improve the diagnosis of jd. of the variables exa ... | 2009 | 19286496 |
| early phase morphological lesions and transcriptional responses of bovine ileum infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of chronic enteritis in ruminants (johne's disease) and a possible etiopathologic agent in human crohn's disease. the host-pathogen interaction in this chronic disease has largely depended on the randomly collected static lesions studied in subclinically or clinically infected animals. we have established and utilized the neonatal calf ligated ileal loop model to study the early temporal host changes during map infection. a ... | 2009 | 19276052 |
| approaches to johne's disease. | 2009 | 19270326 | |
| the early lymphocyte proliferation response in sheep exposed to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis compared to infection status. | johne's disease (jd) is an enteric mycobacterial infection of ruminants that has significant global economic impact. not all individuals exposed to pathogenic mycobacteria succumb to disease. therefore although early detection of infectious individuals is vital, it is equally important to distinguish how the host response differs in those that are able to successfully clear or control mycobacterial infection and those that are unable to do so. to further our understanding of this issue we studie ... | 2010 | 19264377 |
| rapid mycobacterial liquid culture-screening method for mycobacterium avium complex based on secreted antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | sensors in automated liquid culture systems for mycobacteria, such as mgit, bact/alert 3d, and trek esp ii, flag growth of any type of bacteria; a positive signal does not mean that the target mycobacteria are present. all signal-positive cultures thus require additional and often laborious testing. an immunoassay was developed to screen liquid mycobacterial cultures for evidence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac). the method, called the mac-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), relies on ... | 2009 | 19261776 |
| a biosensor assay for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in fecal samples. | a simple, membrane-strip-based lateral-flow (lf) biosensor assay and a high-throughput microtiter plate assay have been combined with a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the detection of a small number (ten) of viable mycobacterium (m.) avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) cells in fecal samples. the assays are based on the identification of the rna of the is900 element of map. for the assay, rna was extracted from fecal samples spiked with a known quantity of (10(1) to ... | 2009 | 19255522 |
| limitations of single tests in the diagnosis of map. | 2009 | 19252219 |