Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID(sorted ascending)
Filter
dynamics of specific anti-mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antibody response through age.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes a chronic infection in cattle. map infected cattle with humoral immune (hi) reactions with igg antibodies are usually those where latency of infection has ceased and their infection is progressing towards reduced milk yield, weight loss and significant bacterial excretion in feces. the proportion of detectable infections among all infected animals that will develop disease is often referred to as 'the tip of the iceberg'. the purpose of th ...201323658660
specific igg response against mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in children and adults with crohn's disease.presence of serum antibodies against mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map) in crohn's disease (cd) as a disease characteristic remains controversial. in the present work, we assessed antibody reactivity of serum and intestinal fluid against four distinct map-antigens, including the recently identified map-specific lipopentapeptide (l5p).201323658774
mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis sheep strains isolated from cyprus sheep and goats.paratuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), is a chronic incurable infection of intestinal tract of animals. molecular characterization of map isolates classifies them into two major groups, 'cattle' or type ii and 'sheep' or type i/iii with a different phenotype, epidemiology, virulence and pathogenesis. the aim of this study was to examine 192 map elisa-positive sheep and goats from cyprus using faecal culture and genotype map isolates using is1311 pcr and re ...201523683358
contrasting results of culture-dependent and molecular analyses of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from wood bison.reduced to near extinction in the late 1800s, a number of wood bison populations (bison bison athabascae) have been re-established through reintroduction initiatives. although an invaluable tool for conservation, translocation of animals can spread infectious agents to new areas or expose animals to pathogens in their new environment. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, a bacterium that causes chronic enteritis in ruminants, is among the pathogens of potential concern for wood bison man ...201323686265
toll like receptor 9 (tlr9) polymorphism g520r in sheep is associated with seropositivity for small ruminant lentivirus.infectious diseases of sheep are of major economic importance causing direct and indirect losses. among the major sheep infectious agents are small ruminant lentivirus, chlamydophila abortus and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infections, mainly due to their worldwide distribution and economic impact that they cause. based on the differential susceptibility to infectious diseases between and within breeds and on the recent findings regarding the putative involvement of tlr9 in diseas ...201323691111
divergent immune responses to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection correlate with kinome responses at the site of intestinal infection.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of johne's disease (jd) in cattle. m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infects the gastrointestinal tract of calves, localizing and persisting primarily in the distal ileum. a high percentage of cattle exposed to m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis do not develop jd, but the mechanisms by which they resist infection are not understood. here, we merge an established in vivo bovine intestinal segment model for m. avium subsp. paratubercu ...201323716614
how does a mycobacterium change its spots? applying molecular tools to track diverse strains of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.defining genetic diversity in the wake of the release of several mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) genome sequences has become a major emphasis in the molecular biology and epidemiology of johne's disease research. these data can now be used to define the extent of strain diversity on the farm. however, to perform these important tasks, researchers must have a way to distinguish the many map isolates/strains that are present in the environment or host to enable tracking over time ...201323721475
specific antibody and interferon-gamma responses associated with immunopathological forms of bovine paratuberculosis in slaughtered friesian cattle.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection causes a chronic granulomatous inflammatory regional enteritis in ruminants. cell-mediated immune responses are assumed to be protective and therefore, to be associated with its more delimited lesion types, while humoral responses are mainly associated with diffuse histopathological lesions. however, this duality of immune responses has been recently questioned. the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between both types of ...201323724062
analysis of transcriptional profiles to discover biomarker candidates in mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected macrophages, raw 264.7.paratuberculosis (ptb) or johne's disease is one of the most serious chronic debilitating diseases of ruminants worldwide that is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). map is a slow-growing bacterium that has very long latent periods, resulting in difficulties in diagnosing and controlling the disease, especially regarding the diagnosis of fecal shedders of map without any clinical signs. based on this situation, attempts were made to identify biomarkers that show early re ...201323727801
detection of paratuberculosis in breeding bulls at pakistani semen production units: a continuous source of threat.paratuberculosis is a chronic bowel disease of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). its secretion through semen highlights the importance of paratuberculosis-free breeding bulls. the breeding and teaser bulls at three semen production units (spus) located in punjab, pakistan, were screened for the presence of antibodies against map. a total of 253 samples were collected from spus and a commercially available indirect screen elisa (is-elisa) was applied. is-elisa ...201123738098
development of a novel phage-mediated immunoassay for the rapid detection of viable mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.the objective of this study was to develop a novel screening method for detection of viable mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in milk and faeces, as a rapid alternative to map culture.201323742225
clinical disease upregulates expression of cd40 and cd40 ligand on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cattle naturally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.cd40 and cd40 ligand (cd40l) have costimulatory effects as part of a complex series of events in host immunity. in this study, the expression of cd40 and cd40l on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) isolated from cattle with johne's disease were measured on freshly isolated pbmcs and on cells cultured for 8, 24, and 72 h in the presence or absence of live mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and exogenous gamma interferon, interleukin 10, and transforming growth factor β. results d ...201323761659
expression profiles of different cytokine genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of goats infected experimentally with native strain of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.paratuberculosis (paratb), caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is a chronic enteritis of ruminants and may contribute to crohn's disease in humans. key features of host immunity to map infection include an early pro-inflammatory (th1-like) response that eventually gives way to a predominant anti-inflammatory (th2-like) response. many studies have been conducted to understand the underlying mechanism of misdirected host immune response, however, these studies mainly fo ...201323777348
bayesian mixture models for partially verified data: age- and stage-specific discriminatory power of an antibody elisa for paratuberculosis.bayesian mixture models can be used to discriminate between the distributions of continuous test responses for different infection stages. these models are particularly useful in case of chronic infections with a long latent period, like mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection, where a perfect reference test does not exist. however, their discriminatory ability diminishes with increasing overlap of the distributions and with increasing number of latent infection stages to be ...201323777650
mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis confirmed following serological surveillance of small ruminants in grenada, west indies.surveillance for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection in small ruminants of grenada was undertaken using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). among the 479 sheep tested, 11 (2.3%) were elisa positive while only 1 out of 260 goats (0.3%) was elisa positive. five of the 12 elisa-positive animals were also positive in a commercial agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) assay, and 4 of these showed acid-fast rods consistent with map in fecal smears. two sheep that ...201323780930
prevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis fecal shedding in alpacas presented to veterinary hospitals in the united states.the prevalence of johne's disease in alpacas in the united states is unknown. the limits of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in alpaca feces have not been determined.201623782278
herd-level prevalence of map infection in dairy herds of southern chile determined by culture of environmental fecal samples and bulk-tank milk qpcr.paratuberculosis, an infectious disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), is an economically important disease in dairy herds worldwide. in chile the disease has been reported in domestic and wildlife animals. however, accurate and updated estimations of the herd-prevalence in cattle at national or regional level are not available. the objectives of this study were to determine the herd-level prevalence of dairy herds with map infected an ...201323791126
relationship between presence of cows with milk positive for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and viable m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in dust in cattle barns.paratuberculosis, or johne's disease, in cattle is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, which has recently been suspected to be transmitted through dust. this longitudinal study on eight commercial m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-positive dairy farms studied the relationship between the number of cows with m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis antibody-positive milk and the presence of viable m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in settled-dust samples, including their temporal relatio ...201323793639
development of a rapid phage-based method for the detection of viable mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in blood within 48 h.the aim of this study was to develop a methodology to rapidly detect viable mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in clinical blood samples. map cells spiked into commercially available blood were recovered using optimised peptide-mediated magnetic separation (pmms) and detected using a phage-based method, and the identity of the cells detected confirmed using nested-pcr amplification of map signature sequences (is900). the limit of detection was determined to be 10 map cells per ml ...201323811207
antigenicity in sheep of synthetic peptides derived from stress-regulated mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins and comparison with recombinant protein and complex native antigens.serum antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is the most commonly used test for diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in ruminants. however, the assay requires serum preabsorption with mycobacterium phlei proteins to reduce cross reactions potentially contributed by the exposure of livestock to environmental mycobacteria. to trial the discovery of novel antigens which do not require serum absorption, synthetic map-specific peptides were selected based on in silic ...201423815825
inactivation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis during cooking of hamburger patties.the role of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in crohn's disease in humans has been debated for many years. milk and milk products have been suggested as possible vectors for transmission since the beginning of this debate, whereas recent publications show that slaughtered cattle and their carcasses, meat, and organs can also serve as reservoirs for map transmission. the objective of this study was to generate heat-inactivation data for map during the cooking of hamburger patties ...201323834794
molecular identification of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in oral biopsies of crohn's disease patients.oral lesions may be found in patients with crohn's disease (cd), in a percentage up to 20%. the aim of this study was to investigate a possible relationship between mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and oral lesions in cd patients. 23 oral biopsies were examined performing is900 nested pcr; 9 of them were positive: 8 from cd patients and 1 from a control. our purpose is to go on with this study, amplifying the number of subjects examined and testing subjects with oral lesions rel ...201323842143
flow cytometric detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific antibodies in experimentally infected and naturally exposed calves.a desirable test to diagnose infections with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis facilitates identification of infected cattle prior to the state of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis shedding. this study aimed at adjusting a flow cytometry (fc)-based assay, using intact m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis bacteria as the antigen, for diagnosis of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infections in calves. serum samples were collected from experimentally infected (n = 12) and naturally exposed (n ...201323885032
no holes barred: invasion of the intestinal mucosa by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.the infection biology of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis has recently crystallized, with added details surrounding intestinal invasion. the involvement of pathogen-derived effector proteins such as the major membrane protein, oxidoreductase, and fibronectin attachment proteins have been uncovered. mutations constructed in this pathogen have also shed light on genes needed for invasion. the host cell types that are susceptible to invasion have been defined, along with their transcript ...201323940208
evaluation of a salmonella vectored vaccine expressing mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens against challenge in a goat model.johnes disease (jd), caused by mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map), occurs worldwide as chronic granulomatous enteritis of domestic and wild ruminants. to develop a cost effective vaccine, in a previous study we constructed an attenuated salmonella strain that expressed a fusion product made up of partial fragments of map antigens (ag85a, ag85b and sod) that imparted protection against challenge in a mouse model. in the current study we evaluated the differential immune response and ...201323950909
novel feature of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, highlighted by characterization of the heparin-binding hemagglutinin adhesin.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis comprises two genotypically defined groups, known as the cattle (c) and sheep (s) groups. recent studies have reported phenotypic differences between m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis groups c and s, including growth rates, infectivity for macrophages, and iron metabolism. in this study, we investigated the genotypes and biological properties of the virulence factor heparin-binding hemagglutinin adhesin (hbha) for both groups. in mycobacterium tuberculo ...201323974028
use of enoyl coenzyme a hydratase of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis for the serological diagnosis of johne's disease.johne's disease (jd), caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), remains difficult to control because of the lack of specific and sensitive diagnostic tests. in order to improve the specificity of sero-diagnosis for jd, the phage display library derived from genomic dna of map was immunoscreened to identify novel antigenic targets. we selected a clone using antibodies from map experimentally infected cattle, and annotated its coding sequence as map1197 in the map genome, wh ...201323978306
occurrence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in fecal samples of hunted deer, chamois and ibex in switzerland. 201323985097
a transversal study on antibodies against selected pathogens in dromedary camels in the canary islands, spain.the canary islands contain the most important dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) population in the european union and are the main export point of dromedaries to continental europe and latin america. we investigated the presence of antibodies against relevant disease agents in 100 canarian camel sera. selected blood samples of the same animals were also tested by pcr. sera were tested for antibodies against bluetongue virus (btv; 0%), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv; 0%), camelpox virus (c ...201323992795
mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and the expression of selected virulence and pathogenesis genes in response to 6°c, 65°c and ph 2.0.the aim of this work was to study the expression of selected mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) genes connected with map virulence, adhesion and stress response. the temperature of 6°c and 65°c were chosen with regard to the food industry, storage conditions (refrigerator) and low-temperature pasteurization. a ph of 2.0, using lactic acid, was selected to mimic the natural environment of the stomach. expression of selected genes was studied using real time reverse transcription pc ...201124031696
first isolation of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis from commercial pasteurized milk in argentina.mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis was isolated from two out of seventy samples (2.86 %) of pasteurized and ultra-pasteurized milk. the isolates were positives to is900 pcr and showed a c17 rflp pattern, the most prevalent in argentina. the present study is the first report of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis culture from pasteurized milk in argentina.201224031925
increasing the ex vivo antigen-specific ifn-γ production in subpopulations of t cells and nkp46+ cells by anti-cd28, anti-cd49d and recombinant il-12 costimulation in cattle vaccinated with recombinant proteins from mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.t cells, which encounter specific antigen (ag), require additional signals to mount a functional immune response. here, we demonstrate activation of signal 2, by anti-cd28 mab (acd28) and other costimulatory molecules (acd49d, acd5), and signal 3, by recombinant il-12, enhance ag-specific ifn-γ secretion by cd4, cd8, γδ t cells and nk cells. age matched male jersey calves, experimentally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), were vaccinated with a cocktail of recombina ...201324034934
development and validation of a liquid medium (m7h9c) for routine culture of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to replace modified bactec 12b medium.liquid culture of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from clinical samples, such as feces, is the most sensitive antemortem test for the diagnosis of johne's disease in ruminants. in australia, new zealand, the united states, and some other countries, the bactec 460 system with modified bactec 12b medium (becton, dickinson) has been the most commonly used liquid culture system, but it was discontinued in 2012. in this study, a new liquid culture medium, m7h9c, was developed. it consists ...201324048541
in vivo and in vitro expression pattern of toll-like receptors in mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection.johne's disease (jd) caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is a chronic infectious disease of ruminants. activation of the toll-like receptors (tlr) in response to microbial stimuli, including map, initiates responses in immune cells of the blood and within peripheral tissues. tlr2, 4 and 9 are believed to play a critical role in the initiation of immune responses against mycobacteria. in this study we report on the in vivo expression pattern of these receptors in sheep ...201324054090
apoptosis of lymph node and peripheral blood cells in ovine johne's disease.ovine johne's disease (ojd) is a degenerative wasting condition of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). similar to other pathogenic mycobacterial infections it is a slow-progressing chronic disease and subclinically infected individuals can spread the disease while appearing healthy. map infects macrophages and the host responds by mounting a cell-mediated immune response. disease progression is associated with immune dysfunction but the reasons are unknown. inc ...201324054092
detection and confirmation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in direct quantitative pcr positive fecal samples by the manual fluorescent mgit culture system.an efficient protocol for the manual fluorescent mgit culture system combined with rapid confirmation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) growth in the broth culture was established and evaluated for the detection of viable map in direct quantitative pcr (qpcr) positive bovine feces. manually detected fluorescence emissions from mgit tubes were analyzed objectively using an open source software, imagej. for molecular confirmation of map growth, dna samples harvested by simply bo ...201424065085
effect of delayed exposure of cattle to mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis on the development of subclinical and clinical johne's disease.to evaluate the effect of delayed exposure of dairy cattle to mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) on the incidence of those cows testing positive for map and developing clinical johne's disease (cjd).201324066914
high prevalence of paratuberculosis in rabbits is associated with difficulties in controlling the disease in cattle.there is increasing evidence that the european wild rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus) is a wildlife reservoir for paratuberculosis and infected populations may contribute to the persistence of infection in livestock. the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that farms with difficulties controlling paratuberculosis in their cattle herds have a higher prevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection in their rabbit populations. a total of 281 rabbits from 13 beef farm ...201324075203
anti mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis heat shock protein 70 antibodies in the sera of sardinian patients with multiple sclerosis.heat shock protein (hsp) family members are highly conserved in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and are known to be immunodominant antigens in many bacteria. in particular, hsp70 has been linked to multiple sclerosis (ms), even if the available data are contradictory. since different studies conducted on sardinian subjects, have linked mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) presence to ms disease, and in view of the fact that human hsp70 is highly homologue to the majori ...201324075312
novel secreted antigens of mycobacterium paratuberculosis as serodiagnostic biomarkers for johne's disease in cattle.johne's disease is a chronic gastroenteritis of cattle caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis that afflicts 40% of dairy herds worldwide. m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected cattle can remain asymptomatic for years while transmitting the pathogen via fecal contamination and milk. current serodiagnosis with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) fails to detect asymptomatic m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected cattle due to the use of poorly defined antigens and kno ...201324089453
stability of genotyping target sequences of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis upon cultivation on different media, in vitro- and in vivo passage, and natural infection.mycobacterium (m.) avium subsp. paratuberculosis - the causative agent of paratuberculosis (johne's disease) - affects domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. recently, different typing techniques have been combined to provide sufficient discriminatory power for the differentiation of isolates and for epidemiological studies. in order to challenge the reliability of this approach the stability of different m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genotypes determined after primary isolation was investiga ...201324095568
mannosylated lipoarabinomannans from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis alters the inflammatory response by bovine macrophages and suppresses killing of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium organisms.analysis of the mechanisms through which pathogenic mycobacteria interfere with macrophage activation and phagosome maturation have shown that engagement of specific membrane receptors with bacterial ligands is the initiating event. mannosylated lipoarabinomannan (man-lam) has been identified as one of the ligands that modulates macrophage function. we evaluated the effects of man-lam derived from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) on bovine macrophages. man-lam induced a rapid an ...201324098744
evaluation of pms-pcr technology for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis directly from bovine fecal specimens.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes paratuberculosis, or johne's disease, in animals. diagnosis of map infection is challenging because of the pathogen's fastidious in vitro growth requirements and low-level intermittent shedding in feces during the preclinical phase of the infection. detection of these "low-shedders" is important for effective control of paratuberculosis as these animals serve as sources of infection for susceptible calves. magnetic separation technology, u ...201324100005
bayesian estimation of the sensitivity and specificity of individual fecal culture and paralisa to detect mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in young farmed deer.a bayesian latent class model was used to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of an immunoglobulin g1 serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (paralisa) and individual fecal culture to detect young deer infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. paired fecal and serum samples were collected, between july 2009 and april 2010, from 20 individual yearling (12-24-month-old) deer in each of 20 south island and 18 north island herds in new zealand and subjected to culture and para ...201324105379
host-mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis interactome reveals a novel iron assimilation mechanism linked to nitric oxide stress during early infection.the initial interaction between host cell and pathogen sets the stage for the ensuing infection and ultimately determine the course of disease. however, there is limited knowledge of the transcripts utilized by host and pathogen and how they may impact one another during this critical step. the purpose of this study was to create a host-mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) interactome for early infection in an epithelium-macrophage co-culture system using rna-seq.201324112552
volatile emissions from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis mirror bacterial growth and enable distinction of different strains.control of paratuberculosis in livestock is hampered by the low sensitivity of established direct and indirect diagnostic methods. like other bacteria, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) emits volatile organic compounds (vocs). differences of voc patterns in breath and feces of infected and not infected animals were described in first pilot experiments but detailed information on potential marker substances is missing. this study was intended to look for characteristic volatile su ...201324116177
antigenicity of recombinant maltose binding protein-mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis fusion proteins with and without factor xa cleaving.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes johne's disease (jd) in ruminants. proteomic studies have shown that m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis expresses certain proteins when exposed to in vitro physiological stress conditions similar to the conditions experienced within a host during natural infection. such proteins are hypothesized to be expressed in vivo, are recognized by the host immune system, and may be of potential use in the diagnosis of jd. in this study, 50 recombinant malto ...201324132604
a novel low-cost method for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis dna extraction from an automated broth culture system for real-time pcr analysis.pcr is a highly accurate technique for confirming the presence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in broth culture. in this study, a simple, efficient, and low-cost method of harvesting dna from map cultured in liquid medium was developed. the proposed protocol (universidad austral de chile [uach]) was evaluated by comparing its performance to that of two traditional techniques (a qiaamp dna stool mini kit and cethyltrimethylammonium bromide [ctab] method). the results were sta ...201424136213
relationship between paratuberculosis and the microelements copper, zinc, iron, selenium and molybdenum in beef cattle.to study the deficiency of minerals and its relationship with paratuberculosis, blood, serum, and fecal samples were obtained from 75 adult bovines without clinical symptoms of the disease and from two bovines with clinical symptoms of the disease, from two beef herds with a previous history of paratuberculosis in the province of buenos aires, argentina. serum samples were processed by elisa and feces were cultured in herrolds medium. copper, zinc and iron in serum were quantified by spectrophot ...201324159298
evaluation [corrected] of the "iceberg phenomenon" in johne's disease through mathematical modelling.johne's disease (jd) is a chronic, enteric disease in ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). disease progression follows four distinct stages: silent, subclinical, clinical and advanced. available diagnostic tests have poor sensitivity and cannot detect early stages of the infection; as a result, only animals in the clinical and advanced stages, which represent the tip of the 'iceberg', are identified through testing. the iceberg phenomenon is then applied to prov ...201324167547
persistence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in soil, crops, and ensiled feed following manure spreading on infected dairy farms.the goal of this study was to determine the persistence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in soil, crops, and ensiled feeds following manure spreading. this bacterium was often found in soil samples, but less frequently in harvested feeds and silage. spreading of manure on fields used for crop harvest is preferred to spreading on grazing pastures.201324179246
bulk tank milk elisa for detection of antibodies to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: correlation between repeated tests and within-herd antibody-prevalence.detection of bulk tank milk (btm) antibodies using elisa (btm-elisa) may constitute an inexpensive test for surveillance of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection in dairy cattle herds provided that the test is accurate and consistent. the objectives of this study were to determine: (a) the correlation between repeated btm reactions; and (b) the association between the btm antibody elisa-level and the within-herd prevalence of antibody-positive cows. eight btm samples per he ...201424200370
improved short-sequence-repeat genotyping of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry.accurate sequence analysis of mononucleotide repeat regions is difficult, complicating the use of short sequence repeats (ssrs) as a tool for bacterial strain discrimination. although multiple ssr loci in the genome of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis allow genotyping of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates with high discriminatory power, further characterization of the most discriminatory loci is limited due to inherent difficulties in sequencing mononucleotide repeats. here, a ...201424212568
effect of inflammatory bowel disease therapies on immunogenicity of mycobacterium paratuberculosis proteins.the link between mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and crohn's disease (cd) is supported by several studies that have reported the detection and isolation of map from human tissues, but causation has not yet been proven. preliminary studies have shown higher levels of antibodies in sera from cd patients against secreted protein from map within human macrophages when compared to healthy controls. the immunogenicity of this protein in cd patients under different treatment regimes w ...201424256081
comparison of calf weaning weight and associated economic variables between beef cows with and without serum antibodies against or isolation from feces of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis.to compare calf weaning weight and associated economic variables for beef cows with serum antibodies against mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) or from which map was isolated from feces with those for cows that were seronegative for antibodies against or culture negative for map.201324261812
multiple strain infections and high genotypic diversity among mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis field isolates from diseased wild and domestic ruminant species in the eastern alpine region of austria.johne's disease, or paratuberculosis, is a chronic fatal ruminant gastroenteritis caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) whose foodborne zoonotic potential and association with crohn's disease are still under debate. the disease is widespread but its epidemiology and epizootiology remains elusive. wildlife is suspected to play a major role. after a surge in map seroprevalence in austrian cattle, paratuberculosis was declared a notifiable disease in austria in 2006. at th ...201424270014
detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in faeces using different procedures of pre-treatment for real-time pcr in comparison to culture.one of the most relevant aspects in the diagnosis of paratuberculosis (johne's disease) in cattle is the availability of a method for the rapid and sensitive detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in order to facilitate the prompt removal of pathogen-shedding animals from a herd. to meet this requirement, methods for pre-treatment of bovine faecal samples and subsequent extraction of dna for detection of map by real-time pcr were compared with map culture results. a total ...201424280588
associations between mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antibodies in bulk tank milk, season of sampling and protocols for managing infected cows.the objective of this study was to identify associations between the concentration of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) antibodies in bulk milk and potential risk factors in herd management and herd characteristics, explaining high map antibody titers in milk. an extensive questionnaire was administered to 292 organic and conventional dairy farms from new york, wisconsin and oregon. bulk milk samples were taken from each farm for map enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). a g ...201324283287
bovine response to lipoarabinomannan vaccination and challenge with mycobacterium paratuberculosis.this study aimed to evaluate the immune response in bovines following immunization with a mycobaterial lipoarabinomannan extract (lame) and the effect of map challenge. lame vaccine induced specific antibody levels that diminished after the challenge and affected map excretion at least for 100 days thereafter.201324294248
antemortem and postmortem examinations of the cattle calf naturally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.a male cattle calf was detected as subclinically and naturally infected with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) by a series of antemortem and postmortem tests. the map infection was identified by strong antibody and cell-mediated immune (cmi) response by a commercial elisa kit and an intradermal johnin test, respectively, in the initial antemortem examination. the antemortem status of the calf was further confirmed by map-specific interferon gamma (ifn-γ) response. for detecti ...201324294493
analysis of sediments and plants from the system of five fishponds in the czech republic using culture and pcr methods.nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are ubiquitous organisms that have been isolated from a variety of environmental sources. several ntm species are responsible for diseases in humans and/or animals known as mycobacterioses. the aim of this study was to determine the levels of ntm in the sediments and plants of five fish ponds in the czech republic using culture and quantitative real time pcr (qpcr). additionally, we investigated if there was any link between environmental samples from the fish p ...201424342091
early weight development of goats experimentally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.johne's disease is an infectious chronic inflammatory bowel disease in ruminants. the key factor for the management of this disease is an early positive diagnosis. unfortunately, most diagnostics detect animals with johne's disease in the clinical stage with positive serology and/or positive fecal cultures. however, for effective management of the disease within herds, it is important to detect infected animals as early as possible. this might only be possible with the help of parameters not spe ...201324349564
high-throughput direct fecal pcr assay for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in sheep and cattle.johne's disease (jd) is a chronic enteric disease caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis that affects ruminants. transmission occurs by the fecal-oral route. a commonly used antemortem diagnostic test for the detection of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in feces is liquid culture; however, a major constraint is the 2- to 3-month incubation period needed for this method. rapid methods for the detection of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis based on pcr have been reported, but compre ...201424352996
the mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis protein map1305 modulates dendritic cell-mediated t cell proliferation through toll-like receptor-4.in this study, we show that mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis map1305 induces the maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (bmdcs), a representative antigen presenting cell (apc). map1305 protein induces dc maturation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (il)-6), tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-α, and il-1β) through toll like receptor-4 (tlr-4) signaling by directly binding with tlr4. map1305 activates the phosphorylation of mapks, such as erk, p38mapk, an ...201424393523
experimental infection of lambs with c and s-type strains of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis: immunological and pathological findings.the two main genotypes of recognized isolates of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) are cattle (c) and sheep (s) strains. an experimental infection was conducted to establish the effect of map strain on the pathogenesis of ovine paratuberculosis. twenty-four out of thirty 1.5-month-old assaf lambs were divided into 4 groups of 6 and infected orally with three low passage field isolates, two of s- (22g and the pigmented ovicap49) and one of c- (764) type, and the reference k-10 str ...201424428881
survival of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in ultra-filtered white cheese.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is considered as a potential public health threat due to its possible association with crohn's disease in humans. this study aimed to investigate the survival of map in ultra-filtered white (ufw) cheese, with special reference to the effect of initial inoculum level, addition of starter culture and salt concentration. behaviour of map was monitored during the storage of ufw cheese using f57-quantitative real-time pcr and culture assay. according ...201424433166
growth of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, escherichia coli, and salmonella enteritidis during preparation and storage of yogurt.the purpose of this study was to determine the viability of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), escherichia coli (e. coli), and salmonella enteritidis (s. enteritidis) during preparation and refrigerated storage of yogurt. three yogurts were prepared using pasteurized commercial milk. each yogurt was artificially contaminated with (1) map, (2) e. coli + s. enteritidis, and (3) map + e. coli + s. enteritidis. samples were taken during and after the fermentation process until day 20 ...201324455399
environmental survival of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in different climatic zones of eastern australia.the duration of survival of both the s and c strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in feces was quantified in contrasting climatic zones of new south wales, australia, and detailed environmental temperature data were collected. known concentrations of s and c strains in feces placed on soil in polystyrene boxes were exposed to the environment with or without the provision of shade (70%) at bathurst, armidale, condobolin, and broken hill, and subsamples taken every 2 weeks were c ...201424463974
circulating mycobacterium bovis peptides and host response proteins as biomarkers for unambiguous detection of subclinical infection.bovine tuberculosis remains one of the most damaging diseases to agriculture, and there is also a concern for human spillover. a critical need exists for rapid, thorough, and inexpensive diagnostic methods capable of detecting and differentiating mycobacterium bovis infection from other pathogenic and environmental mycobacteria at multiple surveillance levels. in a previous study, seth et al. (plos one 4:e5478, 2009, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005478) identified 32 host peptides that specifically ...201324478485
short communication: effect of homogenization on heat inactivation of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in milk.mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) can be present in cow milk and low numbers may survive high-temperature, short-time (htst) pasteurization. although htst treatment leads to inactivation of at least 5 log10 cycles, it might become necessary to enhance the efficacy of htst by additional treatments such as homogenization if the debate about the role of map in crohn's disease of humans concludes that map is a zoonotic agent. this study aimed to determine whether disrupting the clumps ...201424485679
presence of mycobacterium avium subspecies and hepatitis e virus in raw meat products.meat and meat products may be the source of various pathogenic and potentially pathogenic agents for humans. we ascertained the occurrence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, subsp. avium, and subsp. hominissuis, and hepatitis e virus in retail raw meat products. the dna of at least one of the target m. avium subspecies was detected in 26 (29.2%) of 89 analyzed samples of meat products. fourteen (15.7%), 1 (1.1%), and 17 (19.1%) samples contained the dna of mycobacterium avium subsp. ...201424490931
complete genome sequence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, isolated from human breast milk.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the etiologic agent of johne's disease in ruminants and has also been associated with human crohn's disease. we report the complete genome sequence of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, isolated from the breast milk of a crohn's disease patient. this sequence has high identity with characterized strains recovered from cattle.201424503996
evaluation of the microbial safety of child food of animal origin in greece.foodborne illness is a major cause of morbidity and mortality especially for children, even in the developed world. the aim of this study was to assess the microbial safety of food of animal origin intended for consumption by children in greece. sampling involved 8 categories of retail products and was completed with a collection of 850 samples. these were tested by pcr and/or culture for listeria monocytogenes, campylobacter spp., escherichia coli o157, salmonella spp., cronobacter sakazakii, b ...201424506312
persistence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in endangered florida key deer and key deer habitat.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) was first reported in the endangered key deer (odocoileus virginianus clavium) in 1996 on big pine key, florida, usa. by 2008, eight additional map-positive key deer had been identified on big pine key and the nearby newfound harbor keys. this study was conducted to determine if map was still present in key deer and whether natural or man-made freshwater sources were contaminated with map. between november 2009 and september 2012, map was isolate ...201424506424
first identification of mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis sheep strain in argentina.we here identified for the first time the presence of mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map) sheep (s) strain in argentina. is900 polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was positive. the s strain was compared with map cattle (c) strains by using is1311 pcr-restriction endonuclease analysis (pcr-rea), multiplex pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis.201324516458
reliability of environmental sampling culture results using the negative binomial intraclass correlation coefficient.the intraclass correlation coefficient (icc) is commonly used to estimate the similarity between quantitative measures obtained from different sources. overdispersed data is traditionally transformed so that linear mixed model (lmm) based icc can be estimated. a common transformation used is the natural logarithm. the reliability of environmental sampling of fecal slurry on freestall pens has been estimated for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using the natural logarithm transformed c ...201424516783
pathogens at the livestock-wildlife interface in western alberta: does transmission route matter?in southwestern alberta, interactions between beef cattle and free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus) may provide opportunities for pathogen transmission. to assess the importance of the transmission route on the potential for interspecies transmission, we conducted a cross-sectional study on four endemic livestock pathogens with three different transmission routes: bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 (predominantly direct transmission), mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (ma ...201424517283
development of a novel dna extraction method for identification and quantification of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from tissue samples by real-time pcr.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease in ruminants and possibly associated with human crohn's disease. one impediment in furthering our understanding of this potential association has been the lack of an accurate method for detection of map in affected tissues. real time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) methods have been reported to have different sensitivities in detection of map. this is in part attributable to the difficulties of extract ...201424534783
association between caudal fold tuberculin test responses and results of an elisa for mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis and mycobacterial culture of feces in tuberculosis-free dairy herds.objective--to evaluate associations between mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) and caudal fold tuberculin (cft) test results in cattle. design--longitudinal and cross-sectional evaluations. animals--1 california (approx 3,600 cows) and 3 colorado (approx 640, 1,190, and 1,480 cows) dairy herds considered free of mycobacterium bovis infection. procedures--in the california herd, the association between cft response and map status was determined with elisa and mycobacterial culture o ...201424548233
a murine oral model for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection and immunomodulation with lactobacillus casei atcc 334.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) the causative agent of johne's disease, is one of the most serious infectious diseases in dairy cattle worldwide. due to the chronic nature of this disease and no feasible control strategy, it is essential to have an efficient animal model which is representative of the natural route of infection as well as a viable treatment option. in this report, we evaluated the effect of different doses of m. paratuberculosis in their ability ...201424551602
mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis infection augments innate immune responses following intestinal epithelial injury.we wanted to determine if augmented innate immune activation is associated with lesion development in a mycobacterial enhanced intestinal injury model. we evaluated the local immune response in a mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis + dextran sulfate sodium (map + dss) model using balb/c and severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice. map + dss balb/c and scid mice displayed a similar disease phenotype. moreover, map + dss scid mice had increased expression of interleukin 1β (il-1β), tumor necr ...201424569700
pathogens of zoonotic and biological importance in roe deer (capreolus capreolus): seroprevalence in an agro-system population in france.antibody prevalence for several infectious and parasitic diseases in a population of roe deer (capreolus capreolus) inhabiting a mixed agricultural landscape (south of france) has been analyzed. serological analyses with elisa in 245 animals captured from 2008 to 2012 has been performed. we found a high prevalence of toxoplasma gondii (46.4%), chlamydophila abortus (17.27%) and coxiella burnetii (11.26%) compared to other studies in europe. seroprevalence varied strongly among years for t. gondi ...201424576494
mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antibody response, fecal shedding, and antibody cross-reactivity to mycobacterium bovis in m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected cattle herds vaccinated against johne's disease.vaccination for johne's disease with killed inactivated vaccine in cattle herds has shown variable success. the vaccine delays the onset of disease but does not afford complete protection. johne's disease vaccination has also been reported to interfere with measurements of cell-mediated immune responses for the detection of bovine tuberculosis. temporal antibody responses and fecal shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the causative agent of johne's disease, were measured in 2 ...201424623626
evaluation of novel oral vaccine candidates and validation of a caprine model of johne's disease.johne's disease (jd) caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is a major threat to the dairy industry and possibly some cases of crohn's disease in humans. a map vaccine that reduced of clinical disease and/or reduced fecal shedding would aid in the control of jd. the objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the efficacy of 5 attenuated strains of map as vaccine candidates compared to a commercial control vaccine using the protocol proposed by the johne's disease inte ...201424624365
epstein-barr virus and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis peptides are cross recognized by anti-myelin basic protein antibodies in multiple sclerosis patients.epstein-barr virus and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) have been associated to multiple sclerosis (ms). we searched for antibodies against the homologous peptides epstein-barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (ebna1)400-413, map_0106c protein (map)121-132, and myelin basic protein (mbp)85-98 on a ms sardinian cohort, showing that these antibodies are highly prevalent among ms patients compared to healthy controls. competitive assay demonstrated that antibodies recognizing ebna1400-413 a ...201424642384
environmental risk factors in the incidence of johne's disease.this review addresses the survival and persistence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), the causative pathogen of johne's disease (jd), once it has left its ruminant host. jd has significant economic impact on dairy, beef and sheep industries and is difficult to control due to the long-term sub-clinical nature of the infection, intermittent or persistent map shedding during and after this period, inadequate test effectiveness, and the potential for map to exist for extended peri ...201524670062
liver biopsy histopathology for diagnosis of johne's disease in sheep.sheep with johne's disease develop epithelioid macrophage microgranulomas, specific to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection, in the terminal ileum, mesenteric lymph nodes, and organs distant to the alimentary tract such as the liver. the objectives of this study were to determine whether liver pathology was present in ewes affected by map and whether liver cores provide adequate tissue for this potential diagnostic marker. one hundred and twenty-six adult, low body conditi ...201424676594
mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infection in four veal calves: differentiation from intestinal tuberculosis.mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (maa) is an intracellular pathogen belonging to the mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac). reservoirs of mac are the natural environment, wildlife and domestic animals. in adult bovine, mac infections are typically caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). maa infections in bovine are rarely reported but may cause clinical disease and pathological lesions similar to those observed in paratuberculosis or those induced by members of th ...201424689051
lymphoproliferative and gamma interferon responses to stress-regulated mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis recombinant proteins.johne's disease in ruminants is a chronic infection of the intestines caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. an important strategy to control disease is early detection, and a potentially efficient method for early detection is measurement of cell-mediated immune responses developed by the host in response to exposure or infection. one method is to measure lymphoproliferation and cytokine release from the host cells when exposed to the organism or parts of the organism. in this s ...201424695774
development and evaluation of a novel multicopy-element-targeting triplex pcr for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in feces.the enteropathy called paratuberculosis (ptb), which mainly affects ruminants and has a worldwide distribution, is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. this disease significantly reduces the cost-effectiveness of ruminant farms, and therefore, reliable and rapid detection methods are needed to control the spread of the bacterium in livestock and in the environment. the aim of this study was to identify a specific and sensitive combination of dna extraction and amplification to ...201424727272
influence of stress connected with moving to a new farm on potentially map-infected mouflons.there is no european legislation concerning paratuberculosis that requires that imported animals be kept in quarantine and commonly they are directly released into areas with other animals. in this study, detection of latent infection of paratuberculosis in healthy mouflons previously diagnosed as paratuberculosis-free, but originating from a real time quantitative pcr- (qpcr-) positive herd, occurred after their transport to a new farm. during a twelve-day quarantine period, all mouflons irregu ...201424729908
evaluation of immunodominant proteins of mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis cell wall by western blot analysis.mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) is a slow growing mycobactin, whose dependence on mycobacterial species is known to be the causative agent of johne's disease (paratuberculosis) in all species of domestic ruminants worldwide. the organism is transmitted via close contact, ingestion, or transplacentally from mother to fetus and occurs commonly in grazing domestic animals. johne's disease (jd) is characterized by gradual weight loss, decreased milk production, ...201424746151
erratum to "apparent prevalence of beef carcasses contaminated with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis sampled from danish slaughter cattle". 201424790769
evaluation of the single cervical skin test and interferon gamma responses to detect mycobacterium bovis infected cattle in a herd co-infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.this study reports the performance of the single intradermal tuberculin (sit) test and the interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) assay for mycobacterium bovis in a cattle herd with high prevalence of paratuberculosis (ptb). a total of 58/350 animals were selected for necropsy based on one or more of the following criteria: positive to sit, ifn-γ, a breeding cow that seroconverted to ptb and showed signs compatible with a wasting disease. infection status was determined by post mortem diagnostic tests that in ...201424794166
virulence and immunity orchestrated by the global gene regulator sigl in mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes johne's disease in ruminants, a chronic enteric disease responsible for severe economic losses in the dairy industry. global gene regulators, including sigma factors are important in regulating mycobacterial virulence. however, the biological significance of such regulators in m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis rremains elusive. to better decipher the role of sigma factors in m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis pathogenesis, we targeted a key sigma f ...201424799632
host responses to the pathogen mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and beneficial microbes exhibit host sex specificity.differences between microbial pathogenesis in male and female hosts are well characterized in disease conditions connected to sexual transmission. however, limited biological insight is available on variances attributed to sex specificity in host-microbe interactions, and it is most often a minimized variable outside these transmission events. in this work, we studied two gut microbes-a pathogen, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and a probiotic, lactobacillus animalis np-51-and the i ...201424814797
infliximab therapy increases the frequency of circulating cd16(+) monocytes and modifies macrophage cytokine response to bacterial infection.crohn's disease (cd) has been correlated with altered macrophage response to microorganisms. considering the efficacy of infliximab treatment on cd remission, we investigated infliximab effects on circulating monocyte subsets and on macrophage cytokine response to bacteria. human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages were obtained from cd patients, treated or not with infliximab. macrophages were infected with escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberc ...201424816497
genetic structure of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis population in cattle herds in quebec as revealed by using a combination of multilocus genomic analyses.mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis, a granulomatous enteritis affecting a wide range of domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. a variety of molecular typing tools are used to distinguish m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains, contributing to a better understanding of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis epidemiology. in the present study, pcr-based typing methods, including mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units/variable-number tandem rep ...201424829229
sequential development of lesions 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after experimental infection of goat kids with mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis.the development of lesions after infection with mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) was examined in an experimental infection model. goat kids were orally inoculated 10 times with 10 mg bacterial wet mass of map (total dose 2.6 × 10(8) colony-forming units). six to 7 inoculated goats and 3 controls were autopsied 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postinoculation (mpi), lesions were documented, and samples were collected for histology, immunohistochemistry (ihc), and bacterial culture. twenty-f ...201524829286
evidence of passive faecal shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a limousin cattle herd.it has been suggested that passive shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in faeces may occur, but reliable data are missing. passive shedding assumes the ingestion of map in contaminated feed and passive passage through the gastrointestinal tract without causing infection. in this study the presence of map in faeces in a closed herd of limousin cattle was monitored for 53 months using quantitative real time pcr (qpcr) and culture. the initial prevalence of map in the herd ...201424836889
Refresh
firstprev
...212223242526
nextlast
Displaying items 2201 - 2300 of 2580