Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| correlation of antigen-specific ifn-γ responses of fresh blood samples from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infected heifers with responses of day-old samples co-cultured with il-12 or anti-il-10 antibodies. | paratuberculosis is a chronic infection of the intestine of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). early stage map infection can be detected by measuring cell-mediated immune responses using the interferon gamma (ifn-γ) assay. whole blood samples are cultured overnight with specific map antigens followed by quantification of ifn-γ by elisa. it is recommended that the time interval from sampling to culture does not exceed eight hours but addition of the co-stimulat ... | 2012 | 22551981 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis survival during fermentation of soured milk products detected by culture and quantitative real time pcr methods. | mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map), etiological agent of paratuberculosis in ruminants, is able to survive extreme conditions like very low ph (stomach), high temperature (pasteurization) or low temperature (refrigerated storage). cheese, infant powder milk, cream and other milk and dairy products might thus be considered as possible sources of map for humans. the aim of this study was to investigate the survival of two map field isolates during fermentation of three different types of s ... | 2012 | 22591549 |
| map1272c encodes an nlpc/p60 protein, an antigen detected in cattle with johne's disease. | the protein encoded by map1272c has been shown to be an antigen of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis that contains an nlpc/p60 superfamily domain found in lipoproteins or integral membrane proteins. proteins containing this domain have diverse enzymatic functions that include peptidases, amidases, and acetyltransferases. the nlpc protein was examined in comparison to over 100 recombinant proteins and showed the strongest antigenicity when analyzed with sera from cattle with johne's dis ... | 2012 | 22593240 |
| proteomic analysis of plasma from holstein cows testing positive for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). | johne's disease (jd) is a widespread and economically important chronic inflammatory disease of the small intestine of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). although there are several techniques available for diagnosis of jd, their sensitivity is questionable. new proteome profiling methods, such as serum/plasma protein fingerprinting by 2-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2d-dige), may therefore be useful for identifying novel protein biom ... | 2012 | 22633222 |
| gene expression profiling of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in simulated multi-stress conditions and within thp-1 cells reveals a new kind of interactive intramacrophage behaviour. | recent studies have identified in mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), already known as a pathogen in ruminants, a potential zoonotic agent of some autoimmune diseases in humans. therefore, considering the possible risk for public health, it is necessary a thorough understanding of map's gene expression during infection of human host as well as the identification of its immunogenic and/or virulence factors for the development of appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic tools. | 2012 | 22646160 |
| quantification of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains representing distinct genotypes and isolated from domestic and wildlife animal species by use of an automatic liquid culture system. | quantification of 11 clinical strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated from domestic (cattle, sheep, and goat) and wildlife (fallow deer, deer, wild boar, and bison) animal species in an automatic liquid culture system (bactec mgit 960) was accomplished. the strains were previously isolated and typed using is1311 pcr followed by restriction endonuclease analysis (pcr-rea) into type c, s, or b. a strain-specific quantification curve was generated for each m. avium subsp. pa ... | 2012 | 22649014 |
| effect of days in milk and milk yield on testing positive in milk antibody elisa to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in dairy cattle. | milk samples are becoming more used as a diagnostic specimen for assessment of occurrence of antibodies to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). this study assessed the effect of days in milk (dim) and milk yield on testing positive in a commercial map specific milk antibody elisa among 222,774 danish holstein cows. results showed that odds of testing positive on 1-2 dim were 9-27 times higher than the rest of lactation, where the chance of testing positive varied less. the reason i ... | 2012 | 22658836 |
| phenotypic and transcriptomic response of auxotrophic mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis leud mutant under environmental stress. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of severe gastroenteritis in cattle. to gain a better understanding of map virulence, we investigated the role of leud gene in map metabolism and stress response. for this, we have constructed an auxotrophic strain of map by deleting the leud gene using allelic exchange. the wildtype and mutant strains were then compared for metabolic phenotypic changes using biolog phenotype microarrays. the responses of both strains to ph ... | 2012 | 22675497 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis inhibits gamma interferon-induced signaling in bovine monocytes: insights into the cellular mechanisms of johne's disease. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of johne's disease in cattle and may have implications for human health. establishment of chronic infection by m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis depends on its subversion of host immune responses. this includes blocking the ability of infected macrophages to be activated by gamma interferon (ifn-γ) for clearance of this intracellular pathogen. to define the mechanism by which m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis subverts this critical ... | 2012 | 22689821 |
| effect of short- and long-term antibiotic exposure on the viability of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as measured by propidium monoazide f57 real time quantitative pcr and culture. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of paratuberculosis in ruminants, has a lipid-rich cell wall which facilitates its survival and persistence in the environment. this property of the organism is exploited when it is cultured as decontaminating agents and antibiotics are used to suppress the growth of contaminating microflora, but such treatments can also negatively affect the isolation of map itself. the objective of this study was to assess the effect of the ... | 2012 | 22704136 |
| bead-based microfluidic immunoassay for diagnosis of johne's disease. | microfluidics technology offers a platform for development of point-of-care diagnostic devices for various infectious diseases. in this study, we examined whether serodiagnosis of johne's disease (jd) can be conducted in a bead-based microfluidic assay system. magnetic micro-beads were coated with antigens of the causative agent of jd, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. the antigen-coated beads were incubated with serum samples of jd-positive or negative serum samples and then with a f ... | 2012 | 22705087 |
| longitudinal pathogenesis study of young red deer (cervus elaphus) after experimental challenge with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). | paratuberculosis progresses more quickly in young red deer than in sheep or cattle. this study describes the clinical, immunological and pathological changes over a 50-week period in fourteen 4-month-old red deer that received heavy oral challenge with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). at 4 and 12 weeks post challenge they were anaesthetized and a section of jejunal lymph node was surgically removed for culture, histopathology, and genetic studies. all 14 deer became infected, n ... | 2012 | 22720193 |
| evaluation of immunogenicity of purified cell wall-associated 34 kda antigen of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. | the 34 kda cell wall protein of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) has been suggested as a major species-specific immunodominant antigen in johne's disease. however to date, there has not been a purified 34 kda protein isolated from bacterial lysates used in immunogenicity analysis. therefore we attempted to assess the immunogenicity properties of the purified cell wall 34 kda protein for the first time, and compare the results with previous studies. we used an elisa test for eval ... | 2012 | 22741579 |
| lactase persistence, nod2 status and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection associations to inflammatory bowel disease. | inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), which includes both crohn's disease (cd) and ulcerative colitis (uc), is caused by a complex interplay involving genetic predisposition, environmental factors and an infectious agent. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is a promising pathogen candidate since it produces a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease in ruminants that resembles cd in humans. map is a ubiquitous microorganism, although its presence in the food chain, especially in milk f ... | 2012 | 22742424 |
| transmission of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: dose-response and age-based susceptibility in a sheep model. | factors which influence the transmission of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) between susceptible hosts are poorly defined, despite this organism causing economically significant disease in ruminants worldwide. a randomised longitudinal field trial was conducted using natural pasture-based exposure of 840 merino sheep in a factorial design to test infection and disease outcomes in relation to age at first exposure and the level of exposure to map. pasture contamination was initia ... | 2012 | 22762894 |
| culture- and quantitative is900 real-time pcr-based analysis of the persistence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a controlled dairy cow farm environment. | the aim of this study was to monitor the persistence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in environmental samples taken from a holstein farm with a long history of clinical paratuberculosis. a herd of 606 head was eradicated, and mechanical cleaning and disinfection with chloramine b with ammonium (4%) was carried out on the farm; in the surrounding areas (on the field and field midden) lime was applied. environmental samples were collected before and over a period of 24 months after ... | 2012 | 22773642 |
| infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis results in rapid interleukin-1β release and macrophage transepithelial migration. | pathogen processing by the intestinal epithelium involves a dynamic innate immune response initiated by pathogen-epithelial cell cross talk. interactions between epithelium and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis have not been intensively studied, and it is currently unknown how the bacterium-epithelial cell cross talk contributes to the course of infection. we hypothesized that m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis harnesses host responses to recruit macrophages to the site of infection to e ... | 2012 | 22778093 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis cultured from the feces of a southern black rhinoceros (diceros bicornis minor) with diarrhea and weight loss. | abstract: mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map) was cultured from the feces of a wild-caught, female, adult southern black rhinoceros. the animal, which presented with a 4-mo history of diarrhea and weight loss, was prescribed a course of antimycobacterial drugs. the clinical signs resolved, and the feces were repeatedly culture negative thereafter. although the rhinocerotidae are likely to be resistant to johne's disease, this case raises the possibility that they can become transiently in ... | 2012 | 22779247 |
| intestinal strictures, fibrous adhesions and high local interleukin-10 levels in goats infected naturally with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | this study describes pathological findings and their association with the production of interferon (ifn)-γ and interleukin (il)-10 in goats infected naturally with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). twenty-seven goats were subjected to pathological examination. more than half of the animals had severe, diffuse, transmural granulomatous enteritis, often with abundant acid-fast bacilli (afb), which was most evident in the proximal jejunum. jejunal strictures and fibrous, peritoneal ... | 2013 | 22784780 |
| search for mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis antigens for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis. | the aim of this study was to evaluate a wide panel of antigens of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) to select candidates for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis (ptb). a total of 54 recombinant proteins were spotted onto nitrocellulose membranes and exposed to sera from animals with ptb (n = 25), healthy animals (n = 10), and animals experimentally infected with m. bovis (n = 8). this initial screening allowed us to select seven antigens: map 2513, map 1693, map 2020, map 0038, map ... | 2012 | 22792514 |
| cost-effectiveness of diagnostic strategies to identify mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis super-shedder cows in a large dairy herd using antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and bacterial culture. | diagnostic strategies to detect mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) super-shedder cows in dairy herds have been minimally studied. the objective of the current study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of strategies for identification of map super-shedders on a california dairy herd of 3,577 cows housed in free-stall pens. eleven strategies that included serum or milk enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) or culture of ... | 2012 | 22807510 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in an italian cohort of type 1 diabetes pediatric patients. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the etiological agent of johne's disease in ruminants. recent studies have linked map to type 1 diabetes (t1d) in the sardinian population. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of map infection in a t1d cohort from continental italy compared with healthy control subjects. 247 t1d subjects and 110 healthy controls were tested for the presence of map. map dna was detected using is900-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr). t ... | 2012 | 22844325 |
| in silico screened mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) recombinant proteins upregulated under stress conditions are immunogenic in sheep. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease (jd) in ruminants. map is known to enter a dormant phase outside the host, typically on soil. in vitro experiments have reported regulation of certain map genes when exposed to stressors similar to what is thought to produce dormancy. it is believed that in vivo regulation of dormancy genes and associated proteins by map may play a role in evading the host defence mechanisms and induce the host immune res ... | 2012 | 22868202 |
| immune responses associated with progression and control of infection in calves experimentally challenged with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | this study examined the immune responses related to the infection, progression and control of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection in calves. twenty calves were challenged orally with map and 11 non-challenged calves served as controls. approximately half the calves from each group were sacrificed at either 7 or 15 months post-challenge (pc). the majority of the challenged calves (19/20) shed map in feces 2-4 months pc, but thereafter fecal shedding reduced markedly. the s ... | 2012 | 22871577 |
| uptake and persistence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in human monocytes. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is a bacterium sometimes found in human blood and tissue samples that may have a role in the etiology of crohn's disease in humans. to date, however, there have been few studies examining the interactions of these bacteria with human cells. using the thp-1 human monocytic cell line, this study shows that the uptake and trafficking of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in human cells are cholesterol dependent and that these bacteria localize to cholestero ... | 2012 | 22890992 |
| depletion of cd4 t lymphocytes at the time of infection with m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis does not accelerate disease progression. | a calf model was used to determine if the depletion of cd4 t cells prior to inoculation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) would delay development of an immune response to map and accelerate disease progression. ileal cannulas were surgically implanted in 5 bull calves at 2 months of age. two calves were depleted of cd4 t cells by intravenous injection of anti-bovine cd4 antibody administered 24h prior to inoculation with map. the two cd4-depleted calves and one non-depleted ca ... | 2012 | 22898538 |
| surveillance system sensitivities and probability of freedom from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in swedish cattle. | previous investigations suggest that the prevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in swedish cattle is low and all recent cases have been linked to imported animals. the aim of this study was to evaluate the surveillance system for map infection in swedish cattle and to estimate the probability that the swedish cattle population is free from this infection. calculations of surveillance sensitivities and probability of freedom were made using stochastic scenario-tree modell ... | 2013 | 22901692 |
| systems biology analysis of gene expression during in vivo mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis enteric colonization reveals role for immune tolerance. | survival and persistence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in the intestinal mucosa is associated with host immune tolerance. however, the initial events during map interaction with its host that lead to pathogen survival, granulomatous inflammation, and clinical disease progression are poorly defined. we hypothesize that immune tolerance is initiated upon initial contact of map with the intestinal peyer's patch. to test our hypothesis, ligated ileal loops in neonatal calves w ... | 2012 | 22912686 |
| impact of imperfect mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis vaccines in dairy herds: a mathematical modeling approach. | the objective of this study was to investigate the potential impacts of imperfect mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) vaccines on the dynamics of map infection in us dairy herds using a mathematical modeling approach. vaccine-based control programs have been implemented to reduce the prevalence of map infection in some dairy herds; however, map vaccines are imperfect. vaccines can provide partial protection for susceptible calves, reduce the infectiousness of animals shedding map, ... | 2013 | 22921715 |
| sample size estimation to substantiate freedom from disease for clustered binary data with a specific risk profile. | disease cases are often clustered within herds or generally groups that share common characteristics. sample size formulae must adjust for the within-cluster correlation of the primary sampling units. traditionally, the intra-cluster correlation coefficient (icc), which is an average measure of the data heterogeneity, has been used to modify formulae for individual sample size estimation. however, subgroups of animals sharing common characteristics, may exhibit excessively less or more heterogen ... | 2013 | 22954371 |
| herd-level prevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in united states dairy herds in 2007. | testing of composite fecal (environmental) samples from high traffic areas in dairy herds has been shown to be a cost-effective and sensitive method for classification of herd status for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). in the national animal health monitoring system's (nahms) dairy 2007 study, the apparent herd-level prevalence of map was 70.4% (369/524 had ≥ 1 culture-positive composite fecal samples out of 6 tested). based on these data, the true herd-level prevalence (hp) o ... | 2013 | 22979969 |
| quantification of bacterial indicators and zoonotic pathogens in dairy wastewater ponds. | zoonotic pathogens in land-applied dairy wastewaters are a potential health risk. the occurrence and abundance of 10 pathogens and 3 fecal indicators were determined by quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) in samples from 30 dairy wastewaters from southern idaho. samples tested positive for campylobacter jejuni, stx(1)- and eaea-positive escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and salmonella enterica, with mean recoveries of genomic dna corresponding t ... | 2012 | 22983964 |
| the prevalence of disseminated mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in tissues of healthy ewes from a new zealand farm with johne's disease present. | to determine the prevalence of disseminated mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection in healthy ewes in a flock with a history of clinical johne's disease. | 2013 | 22984988 |
| quantitative real-time pcr and culture examination of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis at farm level. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes johne's disease in ruminants and may contribute to crohn's disease in humans. the aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and quantity of map in cattle feces and milk in the iranian context. in addition, we evaluated the effect of cattle age as well as farming system as risk factors contributing to map load. for this, a total sample of 373 consisting of 150 cattle feces (cf), 150 individual cow's milk (icm), as well as 73 bulk-ta ... | 2013 | 22999522 |
| immune response and protective efficacy of live attenuated salmonella vaccine expressing antigens of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis against challenge in mice. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes chronic granulomatous enteritis in ruminants that leads to diarrhea and eventually death. existing vaccines have proven useful in limiting disease progression but have not been effective in preventing infection. to address this problem we constructed an attenuated salmonella (δyeje; δssav) strain harboring a plasmid that expressed a fusion protein comprised of the salmonella type iii secretion system (t3ss) effector sope and map antigens ( ... | 2012 | 23000222 |
| in vitro cytokine profiles and viability of different human cells treated with whole cell lysate of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is a zoonotic pathogen, a very slow growing bacterium which is difficult to isolate and passage in conventional laboratory culture. although its association with johne's disease or paratuberculosis of cattle is well established, it has been only putatively linked to crohn's disease in humans. further, map has been recently suggested to be a trigger for other autoimmune diseases such as type-1 diabetes mellitus (t1dm). recently, some studies have ... | 2012 | 23006537 |
| mycobacterium paratuberculosis cobt activates dendritic cells via engagement of toll-like receptor 4 resulting in th1 cell expansion. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne disease in animals and map involvement in human crohn disease has been recently emphasized. evidence from m. tuberculosis studies suggests mycobacterial proteins activate dendritic cells (dcs) via toll-like receptor (tlr) 4, eventually determining the fate of immune responses. here, we investigated whether map cobt contributes to the development of t cell immunity through the activation of dcs. map cobt recognizes ... | 2012 | 23019321 |
| detection of antibody responses against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis stress-associated proteins within 30 weeks after infection in cattle. | in this study, humoral immune responses in cattle against mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) stress-associated recombinant proteins were assessed longitudinally by elisa during the first 30 weeks after map infection. a total of 11 map genes previously identified by proteomic analysis were selected for cloning and expression. these included possible general stress-associated proteins of map and proteins expressed in vivo in map-infected sheep at an early stage of infection. an incr ... | 2012 | 23021354 |
| seroprevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in dairy herds in zuławy, poland. | conducting serological analyses for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infections is one of the initial step towards evaluating the existing epizootic threat. the reported study was undertaken in order to investigate the seroprevalence of map in the area of zuławy wiślane, characterized by land conditions favourable for the survival of this mycobacterium in the environment.the experimental material was collected from 3961 animals over two years of age bred in 187 herds of dairy ca ... | 2012 | 23045801 |
| evaluation of an indigenous elisa for diagnosis of johne's disease and its comparison with commercial kits. | country lacks sensitive and indigenous diagnostic kits for the screening of goats and sheep against johne's disease. therefore an indigenous elisa kit was developed using protoplasmic antigen from native mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis 'bison type' strain of goat origin (kit 1). in the present study, kit 1 and two commercial kits (kit 2 and 3) were evaluated with respect to 'gold standard' fecal culture in 71 animals (55 goats and 16 sheep). kit 1 using indigenous antigen (protop ... | 2007 | 23100673 |
| [production and evaluation of a purified protein derivative from an argentine strain of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis]. | purified protein derivatives (ppds) are non-defined antigens prepared from mycobacteria cultures. they are usually employed to evaluate the specific cellular immune response both in animals and humans. bovine and avian ppds are usually employed as antigens in mycobacterial infections such as tuberculosis and paratuberculosis. nevertheless, ppd from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, (ppdj) is neither commonly used nor frequently available. however, ppd from mycobacterium avium subsp. a ... | 2015 | 23102462 |
| paratuberculosis (johne's disease) in cattle and other susceptible species. | paratuberculosis (johne's disease) is a widespread and costly disease. this consensus statement will summarize recommendations regarding diagnosis, control, and treatment of johne's disease in cattle and other species. each section of recommendations is followed by a statement that subjectively characterizes the strength of the supporting evidence. the role played by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in the pathogenesis has been a matter of controversy for many years. this statem ... | 2016 | 23106497 |
| altered toll-like receptor 9 signaling in mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected bovine monocytes reveals potential therapeutic targets. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of johne's disease in cattle. the complex, multifaceted interaction of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis with its host includes dampening the ability of infected cells to respond to stimuli that promote m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis clearance. by disrupting host defenses, m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis creates an intracellular environment that favors the establishment and maintenance of infection. toll-like receptors (tlrs) a ... | 2013 | 23115040 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis invades through m cells and enterocytes across ileal and jejunal mucosa of lambs. | mechanism of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) invasion through intestinal mucosa is not completely understood. in the present study, we developed an in vivo multiple-intestinal loop model in lambs to investigate (i) the type of cells involved in the bacterial uptake across the intestinal mucosa, (ii) the efficiency of bacterial uptake in different segments of the small intestine and (iii) the ability of different strains of map to invade the various segments of the small intesti ... | 2013 | 23122809 |
| evaluation of protection in a mouse model after vaccination with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculois protein cocktails. | whole-cell vaccines successfully reduce signs of clinical disease and fecal shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), however, these vaccines have some limitations. the present study was conducted to identify map proteins that might be candidates for the development of an improved vaccine. map proteins were screened for immunogenicity in naturally infected cattle and selected based upon reactivity in the interferon-γ (ifn-γ) and western blot assays. proteins (map1087, map120 ... | 2012 | 23137840 |
| comparison of prevalence estimation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection by sampling slaughtered cattle with macroscopic lesions vs. systematic sampling. | the objective of this study was to identify the most reliable approach for prevalence estimation of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) infection in clinically healthy slaughtered cattle. sampling of macroscopically suspect tissue was compared to systematic sampling. specimens of ileum, jejunum, mesenteric and caecal lymph nodes were examined for map infection using bacterial microscopy, culture, histopathology and immunohistochemistry. map was found most frequently in caecal lymph n ... | 2013 | 23148821 |
| comparison of fecal dna extraction kits for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by polymerase chain reaction. | culture of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) from feces has been considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis for many years. however, direct fecal polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is becoming more widely used, demonstrating similar sensitivity and specificity to culture. to ensure efficient and reproducible pcr results from a difficult sample matrix such as feces, there are many obstacles that a dna extraction method must overcome, including the presence of ... | 2013 | 23166181 |
| host responses to persistent mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in surgically isolated bovine ileal segments. | a lack of appropriate disease models has limited our understanding of the pathogenesis of persistent enteric infections with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. a model was developed for the controlled delivery of a defined dose of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis to surgically isolated ileal segments in newborn calves. the stable intestinal segments enabled the characterization of host responses to persistent m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infections after a 9-month period, including ... | 2013 | 23221000 |
| metabolic adaptation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to the gut environment. | knowledge on the proteome level about the adaptation of pathogenic mycobacteria to the environment in their natural hosts is limited. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes johne's disease, a chronic and incurable granulomatous enteritis of ruminants, and has been suggested to be a putative aetiological agent of crohn's disease in humans. using a comprehensive lc-ms-ms and 2d difference gel electrophoresis (dige) approach, we compared the protein profiles of clinical strains of ... | 2013 | 23223439 |
| estimated prevalence of caprine paratuberculosis in boer goat herds in missouri, usa. | the objective of this study was to estimate true animal-level and herd-level prevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) antibodies in missouri boer goat herds. sera harvested from blood samples collected from goats ≥24 months of age in 25 missouri boer goat herds were tested for presence of map antibodies using a commercial elisa kit. herds were declared positive for map if one or more goats in the herd tested positive for map antibodies. true animal, within-herd, and betwee ... | 2012 | 23251834 |
| wildlife and paratuberculosis: a review. | paratuberculosis (ptb) is an infectious granulomatous enteritis caused by mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map) causing significant economic losses in livestock. however, ptb in free-living and captive wildlife has not been as extensively studied as in livestock. we reviewed the existing literature references on map to (i) determine the potential impact of map infection in wildlife species; (ii) analyze whether wildlife reservoirs are relevant regarding map control in domestic ruminants; (i ... | 2013 | 23261154 |
| survival of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in synthetic human gastric juice and acidified porcine bile. | the bactericidal activities of synthetic gastric juice and acidified porcine bile on mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis were assessed using propidium monoazide (pma)-mediated quantitative reverse transcription-pcr, which allowed rapid relative quantitative analysis of viable m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells. | 2012 | 23263951 |
| antibodies recognizing specific mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis's map3738c protein in type 1 diabetes mellitus children are associated with serum th1 (cxcl10) chemokine. | recently mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) was associated to type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1dm). in this study we investigated for map presence in children affected by t1dm compared to healthy children. a pool of 212 sera from t1dm children at onset was compared to sera from 57 healthy children for humoral immune response towards the map specific protein map3738c by elisa. serum concentrations of cxcl10 (pro-th1) and ccl2 (pro-th2) chemokines were also measured in both sera pool. re ... | 2012 | 23265968 |
| sardinian type 1 diabetes patients, transthyretin and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection. | 2012 | 23270597 | |
| prevalence and spectrum of johne's disease lesions in cattle slaughtered at two abattoirs in kampala, uganda. | this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and characteristics of johne's disease (jd) lesions in ugandan cattle slaughtered at two of the main abattoirs in kampala. ileocaecal junction and the associated lymph nodes of 1,022 cattle were examined for gross and microscopic lesions, followed by ziehl neelsen staining of the tissues bearing lesions. confirmation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection was done in some of the tissues using culture and is900 pcr. the lesion ... | 2012 | 23274696 |
| rapid and sensitive method to identify mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cow's milk by dna methylase genotyping. | paratuberculosis is an infectious, chronic, and incurable disease that affects ruminants, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. this bacterium is shed primarily through feces of infected cows but can be also excreted in colostrum and milk and might survive pasteurization. since an association of genomic sequences of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in patients with crohn's disease has been described; it is of interest to rapidly detect m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk fo ... | 2012 | 23275511 |
| mycoprotease-db: useful resource for mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous mycobacterial proteases. | mycoprotease-db is an online ms sql and cgi-perl driven relational database that domiciles protease information of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) complex and nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm), whose complete genome sequence is available. our effort is to provide comprehensive information on proteases of 5 strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis (h(37)rv, h(37)ra, cdc1551, f11 and kzn 1435), 3 strains of mycobacterium bovis (af2122/97, bcg pasteur 1173p2 and bcg tokyo 172) and 4 strains of ntm (m ... | 2012 | 23275726 |
| enteric microflora in ibd: pathogens or commensals? | : both pathogenic and normal enteric microflora can induce and perpetuate chronic intestinal inflammation with systemic manifestations in genetically susceptible hosts. at the present time, there is no convincing indication that the majority of cases of ulcerative colitis or crohn's disease is caused by persistent infection by mycobacterium paratuberculosis, measles, listeria monocytogenes, or helicobacter species, but this possibility remains a valid hypothesis. transient infection with any of ... | 1997 | 23282809 |
| an unusual presentation of mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis infection in a captive tundra reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | this report describes an unusual presentation of paratuberculosis in a captive, 4-year-old female tundra reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). the gross and histological presentation was consistent with clinical paratuberculosis as previously reported for other ruminants, with poor body condition, subcutaneous oedema, granulomatous ileitis (multibacillary), mesenteric lymphadenitis and hepatitis. however, this animal also presented with unusual lung lesions, with necrosis and mineralization sim ... | 2013 | 23290384 |
| the modification and evaluation of an elisa test for the surveillance of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in wild ruminants. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is often used to test wildlife samples for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection. however, commercially available kits are only validated for use with domestic ruminant species. a literature review was performed to document the current use of map serum elisa in wild and semi-domestic ruminants. we then modified and evaluated a commercial elisa kit (idexx mycobacterium paratuberculosis antibody test kit) for use with species for whic ... | 2013 | 23302439 |
| epidemiological survey for toxoplasma gondii, chlamydia psittaci var. ovis, mycobacterium paratuberculosis, coxiella burnetii, brucella spp., leptospirosis and orf virus among sheep from northern districts of japan. | a serological survey was carried out in the northern prefectures of hokkaido, iwate and aomori in japan, for the presence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii, chlamydiapsittaci var. ovis, mycobacterium paratuberculosis, coxiella burnetii, brucella spp., leptospirosis and orf virus (orfv). out of 267 samples tested, highest overall prevalence (28.78%) was found for t. gondii. the 12.59% of tested sheep were positive for c. psittaci var. ovis. a total of 8.67% were found to be seropositive for ... | 2013 | 23318575 |
| genomic variations associated with attenuation in mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis vaccine strains. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) whole cell vaccines have been widely used tools in the control of johne's disease in animals despite being unable to provide complete protection. current vaccine strains derive from stocks created many decades ago; however their genotypes, underlying mechanisms and relative degree of their attenuation are largely unknown. | 2013 | 23339684 |
| a sardinian map for multiple sclerosis. | multiple sclerosis (ms) is a complex autoimmune disease of the cns. at present, ms etiology remains unknown, but it is believed to be caused by environmental factors acting on a genetic predisposition. several studies suggest that different microorganisms could play a role in triggering autoimmunity, through immunological cross-reactivity or molecular mimicry. an overview of the knowledge regarding the bacteria involved in ms is given, placing emphasis on the newest candidate proposed: mycobacte ... | 2013 | 23374127 |
| cell-mediated and humoral immune responses after immunization of calves with a recombinant multiantigenic mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis subunit vaccine at different ages. | neonates and juvenile ruminants are very susceptible to paratuberculosis infection. this is likely due to a high degree of exposure from their dams and an immature immune system. to test the influence of age on vaccine-induced responses, a cocktail of recombinant mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins (map0217, map1508, map3701c, map3783, and map1609c/ag85b) was formulated in a cationic liposome adjuvant (caf01) and used to vaccinate animals of different ages. male jersey calves we ... | 2013 | 23389934 |
| pathological findings in young and adult sheep following experimental infection with 2 different doses of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) is assumed to infect young ruminants; however, little is known concerning the possibility of adult animals becoming infected. an experimental infection was conducted to establish the effect of age and doses of map on susceptibility to paratuberculosis in sheep. sixteen of twenty-four 1.5-month-old churra lambs and 23 of 30 adult ewes (from 2-11 years old) were orally challenged with an ovine field strain of map. thirteen ewes and 8 lambs were infe ... | 2013 | 23390077 |
| purification of native hbha from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | paratuberculosis remains today a major global problem in animal health, especially for dairy cattle. however, the diagnosis of its etiologic agent, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), still lacks sensitivity because of the lack of available antigens. little is known about the virulence factors for this pathogen. in this study we have developed a method to produce and purify the heparin-binding hemagglutinin (hbha), a major adhesin of mycobacteria, from a culture of map. | 2013 | 23390963 |
| evaluation of the effects of a killed whole-cell vaccine against mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in 3 herds of dairy cattle with natural exposure to the organism. | to evaluate effects of vaccination with a killed whole-cell vaccine against mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) on fecal shedding of the organism, development of clinical paratuberculosis (johne's disease [jd]), milk production, measures of reproduction, and within-herd longevity of dairy cattle naturally exposed to map. | 2013 | 23402414 |
| evaluation of a mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis leud mutant as a vaccine candidate against challenge in a caprine model. | johne's disease (jd) is prevalent worldwide and has a significant impact on the global agricultural economy. in the present study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of a leud (δleud) mutant and gained insight into differential immune responses after challenge with virulent m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in a caprine colonization model. the immune response and protective efficacy were compared with those of the killed vaccine mycopar. in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell ... | 2013 | 23408524 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis isolates from sheep and goats show reduced persistence in bovine macrophages than cattle, bison, deer and wild boar strains regardless of genotype. | assessment of the virulence of isolates of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) exhibiting distinct genotypes and isolated from different hosts may help to clarify the degree to which clinical manifestations of the disease in cattle can be attributed to bacterial or to host factors. the objective of this study was to test the ability of 10 isolates of map representing distinct genotypes and isolated from domestic (cattle, sheep, and goat), and wildlife animal species (fallow deer, d ... | 2013 | 23415474 |
| using vaccination to prevent the invasion of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in dairy herds: a stochastic simulation study. | paratuberculosis, or johne's disease (jd), is a chronic enteric disease of ruminants infected by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) that causes a significant financial loss in dairy industry. to reduce prevalence and transmission in dairy herds infected with map, control programs have been implemented, including test-based culling, improved calf rearing management, and vaccination. the important issue of preventing map invasion into a map-free herd has been less investigated, howe ... | 2013 | 23419983 |
| optimization of hexadecylpyridinium chloride decontamination for culture of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from milk. | a protocol was optimized for the isolation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) from milk and colostrum, with parameters including chemical decontamination, antibiotics, and different culture media. this study demonstrates that the efficiency of map recovery from milk is highly dependent upon the culturing protocol, and such protocols should be optimized to ensure that low concentrations of map in milk can be detected. | 2013 | 23426920 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and multiple sclerosis in sardinian patients: epidemiology and clinical features. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is an infectious factor recently found in association with multiple sclerosis (ms) in sardinia. | 2013 | 23439580 |
| prevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in farmed red deer (cervus elaphus) with grossly normal mesenteric lymph nodes. | to estimate the prevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in farmed deer with no gross post-mortem evidence of map infection slaughtered in new zealand, and to assess predictors of infection. | 2013 | 23441922 |
| risk factors for herds to test positive for mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis-antibodies with a commercial milk enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in ontario and western canada. | the objectives of this study were to identify risk factors associated with i) a mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map)-antibody milk enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (map milk elisa)-positive herd status, and ii) the within-herd map milk elisa-positive prevalence in canadian dairy herds. this prospective cohort study was conducted between 2005 and 2009 on 226 herds in ontario and western canada, which participated in a voluntary risk assessment (ra)-based johne's disease control prog ... | 2012 | 23450860 |
| genome sequence of the "indian bison type" biotype of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain s5. | we report the 4.79-mb genome sequence of the "indian bison type" biotype of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain s5, isolated from a terminally sick jamunapari goat at the cirg (central institute for research on goats) farm in india. this draft genome will help in studying novelties of this biotype, which is widely distributed in animals and human beings in india. | 2013 | 23469332 |
| modeling the effect of direct and indirect contamination of on-farm bulk tank milk with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in milk of bovine origin is suspected of being implicated in crohn's disease in humans. milk can be contaminated via direct excretion of map in milk or indirectly via fecal contamination of the milk. this study aimed at estimating the level of map in farm bulk tank milk and simulating the effect of direct and indirect contamination with map. the effect of discarding milk from test-positive cows at different prevalences was assessed. the concentra ... | 2013 | 23489049 |
| association of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and slc11a1 polymorphisms in sardinian multiple sclerosis patients. | recent findings propose that mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection could act as risk factor in favoring multiple sclerosis (ms) progression. slc11a1 is a gene associated with mycobacterial survival in the host and it may be involved in the induction and maintenance of autoimmune disease. | 2013 | 23492997 |
| assessing the inactivation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis during composting of livestock carcasses. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes johne's disease (jd) in ruminants, with substantial economic impacts on the cattle industry. johne's disease is known for its long latency period, and difficulties in diagnosis are due to insensitivities of current detection methods. eradication is challenging as m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis can survive for extended periods within the environment, resulting in new infections in naïve animals (w. xu et al., j. environ. qual. 38:437-450, 2009) ... | 2013 | 23503307 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in two wild eurasian otters (lutra lutra l.) from portugal. | disseminated mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infections were found in two eurasian otters (lutra lutra, l. 1758) killed by vehicular trauma in february and march 2010 in castelo branco, portugal. at postmortem examination, the organs showed no significant gross alterations; however, microscopically, both animals had diffuse lymphadenitis with macrophage infiltration and deposition of hyaline material in the center of the lymphoid follicles. acid-fast organisms were isolated fro ... | 2013 | 23505727 |
| postexposure subunit vaccination against chronic enteric mycobacterial infection in a natural host. | the control of chronic bacterial diseases with high prevalence in areas of endemicity would strongly benefit from availability of postexposure vaccines. the development of these vaccines against mycobacterial infections, such as (para)tuberculosis, is hampered by lack of experience in natural hosts. paratuberculosis in cattle is both a mycobacterial disease of worldwide importance and a natural host model for mycobacterial infections in general. the present study showed beneficial effects of the ... | 2013 | 23509147 |
| anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic responses to infection: a common denominator of human and bovine macrophages infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of a chronic intestinal inflammation in ruminants named johne's disease or paratuberculosis and a possible etiopathological agent of human crohn's disease (cd). analysis of macrophage transcriptomes in response to map infection is expected to provide key missing information in the understanding of the role of this pathogen in establishing an inappropriate and persistent infection in a susceptible host and of the molecular m ... | 2013 | 23509800 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in the saliva of dairy cows: a pilot study. | johne's disease (jd) is a production limiting, intestinal disease of ruminants that is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). transmission of map occurs predominately through feces, colostrum and milk. since other intestinal bacteria can be found in saliva, it possible that saliva might serve as a previously overlooked route of map transmission. therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether map is present in the saliva of cows. methods were validated usi ... | 2013 | 23517764 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis lipophilic antigen causes crohn's disease-type necrotizing colitis in mice. | background: a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (tnbs)-induced murine colitis model was developed to investigate the pathogenesis and to evaluate a method of treating human crohn's disease. this experimental model rapidly induces colitis similar to human crohn's disease lesion in a reproducible manner. however, natural exposure of the human digestive tract to tnbs is unrealistic. a novel animal model based on realistic data is eagerly anticipated in future research on pathogenesis of cd. metho ... | 2012 | 23519342 |
| comparison of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) with conventional pcr, bacterial culture and elisa for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in sheep showing pathology of johne's disease. | a quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) assay employing is900 gene specific primers of mycobacterium avium subsp. parartuberculosis (map) was compared with conventional pcr, bacterial culture and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 38 sheep showing granulomatous enteritis and lymphadenitis with and without demonstration of acid-fast bacilli (afb). the lesions were classified as multibacillary (mb) (n = 23), which had diffuse granulomatous lesions with abundant afb, and paucibacillary (pb) (n = 15), ... | 2013 | 23539663 |
| cellular and humoral immunogenicity of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis specific lipopentapeptide antigens. | paratuberculosis caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is a chronic infectious disease affecting domestic and wild ruminants. antigens currently used for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis are whole-cell derived crude preparations. the identification of map-specific antigens for the specific and early diagnosis of this infection is strongly needed. this study assessed the ability of the map-specific synthetic lipopeptide antigen para-lp-01 to invoke specific serum antibody ( ... | 2013 | 23540605 |
| effect of soil slope on the appearance of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in water running off grassland soil after application of contaminated slurry. | the study assessed the effect of soil slope on mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis transport into rainwater runoff from agricultural soil after application of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-contaminated slurry. under field conditions, 24 plots of undisturbed loamy soil 1 by 2 m(2) were placed on platforms. twelve plots were used for water runoff: 6 plots at a 3% slope and 6 plots at a 15% slope. half of the plots of each slope were treated with m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-contamin ... | 2013 | 23542616 |
| disparate host immunity to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens in calves inoculated with m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, m. avium subsp. avium, m. kansasii, and m. bovis. | the cross-reactivity of mycobacterial antigens in immune-based diagnostic assays has been a major concern and a criticism of the current tests that are used for the detection of paratuberculosis. in the present study, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis recombinant proteins were evaluated for antigenic specificity compared to a whole-cell sonicate preparation (mps). measures of cell-mediated immunity to m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens were compared in calves inoculated with liv ... | 2013 | 23554467 |
| in vitro expression of the slc11a1 gene in goat monocyte-derived macrophages challenged with mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. | johne's disease or paratuberculosis is a chronic, progressive intestinal disease of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). one of the genes that have been targeted with regard to resistance or sensitivity to paratuberculosis is the slc11a1 (solute carrier family 11 member a1). here we extend our previous work to the sequence and structure analysis of the caprine slc11a1 gene and we assess the functional impact of the most frequent polymorphisms of the 3' utr regio ... | 2013 | 23567820 |
| mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in wild boars in korea. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes chronic infectious enteritis in various domestic and wild mammals and is widely distributed globally. interspecies transmission has been frequently reported. we investigated the presence of map from december 2010 to march 2011 in blood and feces collected from 222 hunter-killed wild boars. we collected 197 serum and 180 fecal samples and examined them by culture, pcr, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. we investigated the status of map ... | 2013 | 23568919 |
| key role for the alternative sigma factor, sigh, in the intracellular life of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis during macrophage stress. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes johne's disease, an enteric infection in cattle and other ruminants, greatly afflicting the dairy industry worldwide. once inside the cell, m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis is known to survive harsh microenvironments, especially those inside activated macrophages. to improve our understanding of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis pathogenesis, we examined phagosome maturation associated with transcriptional responses of m. avium subsp. paratubercu ... | 2013 | 23569115 |
| composite testing for ante-mortem diagnosis of johne's disease in farmed new zealand deer: correlations between bacteriological culture, histopathology, serological reactivity and faecal shedding as determined by quantitative pcr. | in the absence of overt clinical signs of johne's disease (jd), laboratory based tests have largely been limited to organism detection via faecal culture or pcr and serological tests for antibody reactivity. in this study we describe the application of quantitative faecal pcr for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in new zealand farmed deer to quantify the bacterial load in cervine faecal samples as an adjunct to an existing serodiagnostic test (paralisa™) tailore ... | 2013 | 23574863 |
| comparison of pre- and post-vaccination ovine johne's disease prevalence using a bayesian approach. | this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of gudair™ vaccine in decreasing the prevalence of shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in flocks of varying initial prevalence. thirty-seven self-replacing merino flocks from new south wales and victoria (australia) that had been vaccinating lambs with gudair™ for at least five years were enrolled in the study. these flocks had been tested prior to or at commencement of vaccination using pooled faecal culture, agar ... | 2013 | 23578910 |
| is an individual calving pen better than a group calving pen for preventing transmission of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in calves? results from a field trial. | the objective of this study was to quantify the efficacy of using individual calving pens (icp) from which manure was removed between successive calving compared with group calving pens (gcp) for limiting transmission of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) in holstein calves. every other pregnant cow in three minnesota map endemic herds was assigned to calve in either the icp or the gcp within 48-72 h prior to expected calving. heifer calves born in the icp were assigned to the inte ... | 2013 | 23582519 |
| culture phenotypes and molecular characterization of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates from small ruminants. | in this study the suitability of different solid media was investigated for the isolation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in order to identify the optimum single or combination of media to permit the isolation of all strain types from small ruminants. a subset of these map strains was then further characterized by molecular typing methods to assess the genetic diversity of map strains in the study area (northern greece). map strains were isolated from tissues and faeces of i ... | 2013 | 23587160 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis detected in the reproductive tract of cows from an infected herd. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), the causal agent of paratuberculosis, was detected by quantitative real-time is900 pcr in the follicular fluid from the reproductive tracts of cows originating from one infected herd. as well as being detected in follicular fluid of cows shedding bacteria in their faeces, map was also detected in the follicular fluid of one apparently healthy, non-shedding individual cow. the finding of map in follicular fluid is unexpected and could contrib ... | 2013 | 23600627 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bulk tank milk by combined phage-pcr assay: evidence that plaque number is a good predictor of map. | conventional culture and a rapid phage-pcr method were used to detect mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in bulk tank milk (btm) samples. only two of 225 samples (0.9%) were found to contain map by culture whereas 50 (22%) map-positive samples were identified using the phage-pcr assay, including both samples that were map-culture positive. results using the phage-based method for independently tested duplicate samples indicated that the assay is very reproducible (r(2)=0.897), esp ... | 2013 | 23603220 |
| characterisation of an elisa detecting immunoglobulin g to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine colostrum. | although colostrum has been used to detect specific immunoglobulin (ig) g to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in cattle, confounding, non-specific reactions can be a problem. the objectives of this study were to determine the proportion of non-specific elisa reactions in samples of colostrum taken between 0 and 4 days-in-milk (dim), and to assess the probability of an animal testing positive for map specific igg over this time-period. non-specific reactions were found in 3/365 ( ... | 2013 | 23611487 |
| chemical decontamination with n-acetyl-l-cysteine-sodium hydroxide improves recovery of viable mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis organisms from cultured milk. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is shed into the milk and feces of cows with advanced johne's disease, allowing the transmission of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis between animals. the objective of this study was to formulate an optimized protocol for the isolation of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk. the parameters investigated included chemical decontamination with n-acetyl-l-cysteine-sodium hydroxide (nalc-naoh), alone and in combination with antibiotics (vancomycin, amph ... | 2013 | 23637290 |
| mechanisms of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis induced apoptosis and necrosis in bovine macrophages. | the interaction between mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) and macrophages is a complex process to maximize the chances of their respective survival. previous studies have shown that map induces cell death in macrophages, but the mechanism is not known. in the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which map induces cell death in bovine macrophages using the fluorescent and electron microscopic techniques. the macrophages infected with an equal number of map (i.e., multip ... | 2013 | 23639474 |
| sensitivity of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis, escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium to low ph, high organic acids and ensiling. | to evaluate the persistence of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (myco. paratuberculosis), salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (salm.typhimurium) and a commensal escherichia coli (e. coli) isolate under the low ph and high organic acid (oa) conditions of ensiling of forages. | 2013 | 23647636 |