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sequence-based differentiation of strains in the mycobacterium avium complex.the complete 16s-23s rdna internal transcribed spacer (its) was sequenced in 35 reference strains of the mycobacterium avium complex. twelve distinct its sequences were obtained, each of which defined a "sequevar"; a sequevar consists of the strain or strains which have a particular sequence. its sequences were identified which corresponded to m. avium (16 strains, four its sequevars) and mycobacterium intracellulare (12 strains, one its sequevars). the other seven m. avium complex strains had i ...19938491701
[in vitro antimycobacterial activity of clarithromycin and its therapeutic efficacy against mycobacterium intracellulare infection induced in mice].a new macrolide, clarithromycin (cam), with increased acid-stability and thus having a markedly improved absorption efficiency from gastrointestinal tract, was evaluated for its in vitro antimicrobial activity against various mycobacterial species. cam had nearly the same level of anti-mycobacterial activity as that of sparfloxacin (spfx) and slightly higher activity than rifampicin (rfp), except that its anti-m. tuberculosis activity was much lower than those of spfx and rfp. anti-m. avium comp ...19938497119
molecular cloning, sequence analysis and expression of the gene for catalase-peroxidase (cpea) from the photosynthetic bacterium rhodobacter capsulatus b10.the gene encoding catalase-peroxidase was cloned from chromosomal dna of rhodobacter capsulatus b10. the nucleotide sequence of a 3.7-kb saci-hindiii fragment, containing the catalase-peroxidase gene (cpea) and its flanking regions were determined. a 1728-bp open reading frame, coding for 576 amino acid residues (molecular mass 61516 da) of the enzyme, was observed. a shine-dalgarno sequence was found 5 bp upstream from the translational start site. the deduced amino acid sequence coincides with ...19938508796
cloning and expression of portions of the 34-kilodalton-protein gene of mycobacterium paratuberculosis: its application to serological analysis of johne's disease.paratuberculosis (johne's disease), an endemic mycobacteriosis of cattle that is caused by mycobacterium paratuberculosis, is characterized by incoercible diarrhea and fecal shedding of bacteria. the present work aimed at developing a specific serological test for this disease. we have recently shown that a 34-kda protein belonging to the major antigen complex a36 of m. paratuberculosis is immunodominant and contains epitopes specific with respect to all mycobacteria tested, including mycobacter ...19937681851
a clinical comparison between mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare infections.susceptibility, clinical features, and response to treatment were compared between 29 cases of mycobacterium avium infection and 43 cases of mycobacterium intracellulare infection detected in the nagasaki (japan) area and identified by a dna probe method. in vitro susceptibility of two species to antituberculous agents was determined by a microdilution method, and m avium was more resistant to enviomycin at 25 mg/l than m intracellulare, while m intracellulare was more resistant to isoniazid at ...19938222796
liposome-encapsulated gentamicin treatment of mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex bacteremia in aids patients.tlc g-65, a liposome-encapsulated gentamicin, was given intravenously twice weekly for 4 weeks to aids patients with mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare complex (mac) bacteremia at 1.7 mg of gentamicin per kg of body weight per infusion (4 patients), 3.4 mg/kg (10 patients), and 5.1 mg/kg (7 patients). mac colony counts in blood fell by 75% or more in all three groups (p < 0.005). drug resistance did not emerge during the study period. transient renal insufficiency developed in one patient; no ...19938239598
evidence of previous infection with mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex among healthy subjects: an international study of dominant mycobacterial skin test reactions.skin tests with 0.1 ml of intermediate-strength mycobacterium tuberculosis purified protein derivative (ppd) and 0.1 ml of mycobacterium avium sensitin were conducted on 484 healthy subjects from diverse geographic sites. reactions of > or = 5 mm to one antigen that exceeded the reaction to the other by > or = 3 mm were considered m. avium- or ppd-dominant. ppd-dominant reactions were more frequent at sites where routine bacille calmette-guérin immunization is done or where there are high rates ...19938245545
cloning, sequencing and expression of the gene for alpha antigen from mycobacterium intracellulare and use of pcr for the rapid identification of mycobacterium intracellulare.the complete nucleotide sequence of alpha antigen secreted from mycobacterium intracellulare (atcc13950) was determined. the gene encoded 330 amino acids including 40 amino acids for signal peptide, followed by 290 amino acids for a mature protein with molecular mass 30,645 da. the cloned gene was expressed in escherichia coli by using an e. coli expression vector. based on these results, the feasibility of rapid identification of m. intracellulare by two step polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was ...19938250904
[therapeutic efficacy of a benzoxazinorifamycin, krm-1648, administered at the different periods of infection in mycobacterium intracellulare--infected mice].therapeutic efficacy of a newly synthesized benzoxazinorifamycin, krm-1648, administered at the different periods of infection in mycobacterium intracellulare-infected mice was studied. mice were infected intravenously with m. intracellulare (9.8 x 10(6) cfu/mouse) and then were given 0.4 mg of krm-1648 emulsified in 2.5% gum arabic-0.2% tween 80 by gavage, once daily six times per week, from day 1 to week 4, week 2 to week 6, week 4 to week 8, and week 8 to the end of experiment (week 12). judg ...19938255070
polymerase chain reaction for the differentiation of mycobacterium intracellulare and mycobacterium avium.polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification was performed using dna purified from 15 mycobacterial type strains and from 21 specimens isolated from patients suspected to have non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases. using a primer set of mtb1-mtb2, 11 specimens out of 21 were mycobacterium avium and 8 were m. intracellulare, which were verified by the gen probe rapid diagnostic system for the m. avium complex (mac). one of the remaining 2 specimens which did not hybridize with the probe for the ...19938260668
[therapeutic efficacy of a benzoxazinorifamycin, krm-1648, administered in various frequencies per week in mycobacterium intracellulare-infected mice].mice were infected intravenously with m. intracellulare (5.2 x 10(6) cfu/mouse) and then were given 0.4 mg of krm-1648 emulsified in 2.5% gum arabic-0.2% tween 80 by gavage, once daily 1, 3 or 6 times per week, from 24h after infection to the end of experiment (week 8). evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of the drug against the infection was done on the basis of incidence and degree of gross lung lesions, organ weight (square root of organ (mg)/body (g) x 10), and bacterial loads in the lung ...19938264123
[detection of mycobacterium intracellulare by pcr].pcr products amplified with the primers ynp-1 and ynp-2 and template dna from various mycobacterial species showed differences in molecular sizes. by sequencing the pcr products, we found that the dna fragment from m. tuberculosis and that of m. intracellulare have different dna sequences. the former was 164 bp, composed of 27 a, 54 c, 57 g, and 26 t, while the latter was 109 bp, composed of 22 a, 37 c, 34 g, and 16 t. we compared these sequences and selected a nucleotide sequence unique to m. i ...19938264124
the booster effect in two-step tuberculin testing among young adults in montreal.no consensus exists regarding the definition and interpretation of a significant boosting reaction after sequential tuberculin testing. the booster phenomenon is thought to represent remote tuberculous infection where tuberculin reactivity has waned, but it has also been described among persons with previous exposure to other mycobacteria or bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) vaccine. we studied the factors affecting the booster phenomenon among canadian-born young adults to determine the definition ...19948273982
[therapeutic efficacy of a benzoxazinorifamycin, krm-1648, in mycobacterium intracellulare infection induced in mice].therapeutic efficacy of krm-1648 was studied in balb/c mice infected with mycobacterium intracellulare. mice were infected intravenously with 1.0 x 10(7) cfu of the organisms/mouse and then given 0.2 mg or 0.4 mg of krm-1648 emulsified in 2.5% gum arabic-0.2% tween 80 by gavage, once daily, 6 days per week, from day 1 to the death of mice. the therapeutic efficacy of the drug was evaluated on the basis of survival times, incidence and degree of gross lung lesions and bacterial loads in the lungs ...19948126989
cellular interactions of murine immune cells exposed to live mycobacterium intracellulare, its whole lipid extract, and its serovar-specific glycopeptidolipid.in this study we examined some of the immunological responses to mycobacterium intracellulare and its lipid components. our results indicate that infection with m. intracellulare can increase the expression of adhesion molecules, icam-1 and lfa-1, only at the site of injection (peritoneum). there was no change in the expression of these adhesion molecules in the lymphoid organs (thymus and spleen). significant increases in the adhesion molecules were observed in the spleen cells incubated with t ...19948168139
initial clarithromycin monotherapy for mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex lung disease.sputum conversion rates in mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai) complex lung disease have ranged from only 50 to 80% despite the use of three to five antituberculosis agents. we initiated a prospective, open, noncomparative trial of initial clarithromycin monotherapy at 500 mg twice a day for 4 months in hiv-negative patients with mai lung disease. the primary study end point was microbiologic improvement. of 30 patients enrolled, 20 completed therapy. this latter group was predominantly mal ...19948173775
identification of mutations in 23s rrna gene of clarithromycin-resistant mycobacterium intracellulare.clarithromycin is a potent macrolide that has been used for treating infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria. pairs of susceptible and resistant mycobacterium intracellulare strains were obtained from patients with chronic pulmonary m. intracellulare infections undergoing monotherapy with clarithromycin. nucleotide sequence comparisons of the peptidyltransferase region in 23s rrnas from parental and resistant strains revealed that in three of six resistant strains, for which the mic was > 32 ...19948192472
multifocal m. intracellulare osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent child.we report the successful treatment of disseminated mycobacterium intracellulare osteomyelitis, without evidence of other visceral involvement, in a previously healthy, hiv-negative, 2-year-old female using a 23-month regimen of antimicrobial agents that included 18 months of oral therapy with azithromycin, rifabutin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx), and ethambutol.19947813141
[identification of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare using dna probe test, and their ratio in niigata area].using gen-probe test, both the mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare strains were identified in the 76 disease-associated mycobacterium-avium complex (mac) strains isolated in the niigata area. the following results were obtained: 1) fifty-four mac strains (71.1%) reacted with m. avium-probe and 22 strains (28.9%) reacted with m. intracellulare-probe. 2) there were no significant differences between the ratio of two strains before and after 1991. 3) the ratio of female cases with ...19947844935
pott's disease caused by mycobacterium xenopi: case report and review.we report a case of mycobacterium xenopi infection of the spine in a 70-year-old woman. the findings of our case and of five other published reports of bone or joint infection with m. xenopi illustrate the problems with diagnosis and management of infection with this organism. detection of m. xenopi in clinical specimens may require prolonged incubation at 37 degrees c or incubation at higher temperatures. furthermore, m. xenopi may be misidentified as mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracell ...19947888528
in vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates of mycobacterium avium and m. intracellulare to folate antagonists.an agar dilution method against trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was used to test clinical isolates of mycobacterium intracellulare (mi) and m. avium (ma) from both hiv-infected and non-infected patients. mi and ma isolates demonstrated similar susceptibility data and were inhibited by concentrations of sulfamethoxazole achievable in serum.19947924214
identification of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare isolated in puerto rico from clinical samples by the use of a non-radioactive dna probe.the mycobacterium avium complex (mac), especially m. avium, is an important opportunistic pathogen of aids patients in the united states. in puerto rico, the incidence of infections caused by mac has not been determined. this is due, in part, to the difficulties associated to the microbiological identification of the microorganisms. in this work, a commercially available kit (accuprobe, gen-probe, inc., san diego, ca) utilizing a dna probe complementary to rrna of m. avium and m. intracellulare ...19947938399
purification, characterization, gene sequence, and significance of a bacterioferritin from mycobacterium leprae.the study of tissue-derived mycobacterium leprae provides insights to the immunopathology of leprosy and helps identify broad molecular features necessary for mycobacterial parasitism. a major membrane protein (mmp-ii) of in vivo-derived m. leprae previously recognized (hunter, s.w., b. rivoire, v. mehra, b.r. bloom, and p.j. brennan. 1990. j. biol. chem. 265:14065) was purified from extracts of the organism and partial amino acid sequence obtained. this information allowed recognition, within o ...19948006590
phospholipids of mycobacterium intracellulare inhibit t cell blastogenesis.a crude lipid fraction obtained from mycobacterium intracellulare (mi whole lipids) suppressed concanavalin a (con a)-induced blastogenesis of murine spleen cells (spcs). among three lipid fractions, the phospholipid fraction possessed the highest inhibitory activity, followed by the polar mycoside fraction, but the apolar mycoside fraction showed no activity. since mi whole lipid and phospholipid fractions inhibited the con a-induced proliferative response of spcs which had been treated with co ...19948012600
evaluation of the rpob gene in rifampicin-susceptible and -resistant mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare. 19948040132
cloning, sequencing and expression in escherichia coli of the gene for alpha antigen from mycobacterium scrofulaceum.the gene for the extracellular alpha antigen of mycobacterium scrofulaceum (s-alpha) was cloned by using the alpha antigen gene fragments of mycobacterium bovis bcg as probes. the complete nucleotide sequence was determined. the gene was expressed in escherichia coli. the gene encodes 330 amino acids, including 40 amino acids for the signal peptide, followed by 290 amino acids for the mature protein. the deduced amino acid sequences were highly homologous to the alpha antigen of the species of o ...19948047837
nucleotide sequence and secondary structures of precursor 16s rrna of slow-growing mycobacteria.slow-growing mycobacteria have a single ribosomal rna (rrn) operon, with the genes for 16s, 23s and 5s rrna being present in that order. the transcription start site of the rrn operon of mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified in escherichia coli. pcr methodology was used to amplify parts of the rrn operon, namely the leader region and the spacer-1 region separating the 16s rrna and 23s rrna genes of mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium paratuberculosis, mycobacterium intracellulare, 'mycobacter ...19947512868
nucleotide sequences of the spacer-1, spacer-2 and trailer regions of the rrn operons and secondary structures of precursor 23s rrnas and precursor 5s rrnas of slow-growing mycobacteria.the single ribosomal rna (rrn) operons of slow-growing mycobacteria comprise the genes for 16s, 23s and 5s rrna, in that order. pcr methodology was used to amplify parts of the rrn operons, namely the spacer-1 region separating the 16s rrna and 23s rrna genes and the spacer-2 region separating the 23s rrna and 5s rrna genes of mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare, 'mycobacterium lufu' and mycobacterium simiae. the amplified dna was sequenced. the spacer-2 region, the 5s rrna gene, t ...19947521248
discrimination of mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare strains by genomic dna fingerprinting with a 16s rrna gene probe.ribotyping was investigated as a means of distinguishing ten different serotyped reference strains and seven epidemiologically unrelated isolates of mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare using a labelled 16s rdna probe. thirteen restriction enzymes were screened towards an accurate discrimination of strains. two selected restriction enzymes (saci and clai) enabled us to classify the 17 strains into ten ribotypes with an index of discrimination of 0.897. typeability and reproducibility ...19947528153
distribution of is901 in strains of mycobacterium avium complex from swine by using is901-detecting primers that discriminate between m. avium and mycobacterium intracellulare.the presence of the mycobacterial insertion sequence is901 was studied by pcr with reference strains of mycobacterium avium complex; 122 veterinary strains of mycobacteria, mainly m. avium complex, isolated from swine; and 15 clinical strains. four kinds of dna extraction methods for pcr were compared. use of the commercial extraction matrix allowed for the faster and easier preparation of pcr-amplifiable dna than use of naoh heating extraction or sodium dodecyl sulfate extraction of pretreated ...19957559956
localized soft-tissue infections with mycobacterium avium/mycobacterium intracellulare complex in immunocompetent patients: granulomatous tenosynovitis of the hand or wrist.in immunocompetent patients, mycobacterium avium/mycobacterium intracellulare complex (mac) has been associated with pulmonary infection in adults, cervical lymphadenitis in children, and disseminated infection in children and adults. mac rarely has been recognized as a cause of localized soft-tissue infection in immunocompetent hosts. six cases of granulomatous tenosynovitis due to mac are reported; five cases occurred after local surgical procedures, trauma, or corticosteroid injection. in fou ...19957578762
identification of mycobacterium intracellulare by a polymerase chain reaction using species-specific primers.the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is a rapid and specific method used to amplify a certain dna fragment. it is applicable to rapid diagnosis of mycobacterial infections. by use of species-specific primers, it is possible to identify mycobacteria by pcr. in this study, a newly constructed primer was tested for specificity for mycobacterium intracellulare in the pcr.19957579315
gene replacement through homologous recombination in mycobacterium intracellulare.mycobacterium intracellulare is a slow-growing pathogenic mycobacterium closely related to mycobacterium avium. in contrast to mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis bcg, m. intracellulare has received little attention as a model species for studies of mycobacterial molecular biology and genetics. this study shows that m. intracellulare 1403 (atcc 35761) can be transformed by electroporation with high frequencies (up to 10(6) transformants per microgram of dna), using plasmids pyt937 ...19957592373
identification of mycobacterium avium complex isolated in eastern and central japan by using dna probes.an attempt was made to identify mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare in the m. avium intracellulare complex (mac) isolated in the tohoku (38 strains) and tokai (30 strains) districts of japan by using dna probes which are specific for m. avium, m. intracellulare and m. tuberculosis complex, respectively. the incidence of m. avium infection (82%) by far exceeded that of m. intracellulare infection in the tohoku district of eastern japan. in the tokai district of central japan, the ...19957597695
[a clinical experience of dna probe method for identifying mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare].in japan the number of patient infected with m. avium complex (mac) has been increasing in contrast to a decrease of pulmonary tuberculosis. dna probe method enabled us be able to differentiate an isolated mac into m. avium and m. intracellulare. from 1991 to 1992, we performed an investigation to apply this new technique of the dna probe method on 52 patients of atypical mycobacteriosis diagnosed as infected with mac by the ordinary method at the higashi nagoya national hospital. the group cons ...19957630072
activities of clarithromycin, azithromycin, and ofloxacin in combination with liposomal or unencapsulated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor against intramacrophage mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare.the effects of ofloxacin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin in combination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) against mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare (mai) were evaluated in an in vitro human macrophage infection model. treatment of mai-infected macrophages with gm-csf alone induced a maximal killing effect at 1000 u/ml, and the potency was increased 100-fold by encapsulating the cytokine within liposomes. antibiotics were applied at concentrations clo ...19957658075
in vitro antimycobacterial activities of pyrazinamide analogs.we synthesized various pyrazine derivatives and pyrazinamide analogs and assayed their antimycobacterial activities in vitro in order to find new drugs which are more active against mycobacterium tuberculosis than pyrazinamide and also active against mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare. of the drugs synthesized, four drugs, namely, pyrazine thiocarboxamide, n-hydroxymethyl pyrazine thiocarboxamide, pyrazinoic acid n-octyl ester, and pyrazinoic acid pivaloyloxymethyl ester, were ...19958540721
identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare by selective nested polymerase chain reaction.a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedure was devised for identification of mycobacteria. the outer reaction exploiting genus-specific sequences on the 16s rrna gene was able to amplify specifically strains of the genus mycobacterium. the identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare was accomplished by selective reamplification of the outer pcr product in three distinct inner amplifications exploiting species-specific primers ...19958569772
the absence of genetic markers for streptomycin and rifampicin resistance in mycobacterium avium complex strains.mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare complex (mac) bacilli are an important cause of bacteraemia in aids patients but treatment is complicated by their resistance to the usual antimycobacterial agents. in this study of 20 strains of mac none was found to have the mutations associated with resistance to rifampicin and streptomycin in m. tuberculosis suggesting that mac have unique mechanisms for resistance to these agents.19958821605
[detection and identification of mycobacteria by pcr-rflp method].the frequency of isolation of mycobacterium tuberculosis has reported to be decreased, however, mycobacterium species including mott (mycobacteria other than m. tuberculosis complex) still remain to be the important bacteria causing opportunistic infection. two clinical procedures have long been adopted to date for the detection of acid fast bacteria belonging to the family mycobacteriaceae. one is the direct microscopic examination of the specimen stained by ziehl-neelsen method, which is rapid ...19957699930
unusual pigmentation in patients with aids who are receiving rifabutin for bacteremia due to mycobacterium avium/mycobacterium intracellulare complex. 19958749653
establishment of bcgr congenic mice and their susceptibility/resistance to mycobacterial infection.bcg congenic mice were developed by using c57bl/6 and dba/2 strains of mice as progenitors. they were obtained by introgressively backcrossing the bcgr marker of dba/2 onto c57bl/6. after twenty successive backcrossings, the heterozygous resistant mice were mated with each other to obtain homozygous mice as the bcgr congenic mice. the results of immunogenic and genetic markers coupled with those of an mixed lymphocyte reaction, all confirmed that the newly developed mice were highly congenic. th ...19968810009
the kate gene, which encodes the catalase hpii of mycobacterium avium.disseminated mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare disease is a prevalent opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). these pathogens are generally resistant to isoniazid (inh), a powerful antituberculosis drug. it is now generally accepted that the inh susceptibility of mycobacterium tuberculosis results from the transformation of the drug into a toxic derivative, as a result of the action of the enzyme catalase-peroxidase (hpi), encoded by th ...19968821941
activity of krm-1648 alone or in combination with both ethambutol and kanamycin or clarithromycin against mycobacterium intracellulare infections in beige mice.the in vivo activities of krm-1648 alone or in combination with both ethambutol (eb) and kanamycin (km) or clarithromycin (cam) were tested against mycobacterium intracellulare infections in beige mice. krm-1648 was more active than rifampin (rfp) when each drug was used alone, and the efficacy of krm-1648 was similar to those of both kanamycin and clarithromycin. the combination krm-1648-km-eb was strongly active and rapidly reduced the numbers of bacilli both in lungs and in spleens compared w ...19968834892
multiplex pcr provides a low-cost alternative to dna probe methods for rapid identification of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare.a multiplex pcr designed to differentiate mycobacterium tuberculosis complex organisms from m. avium and m. intracellulare was used to test 105 isolates identified by dna probe methods as m. avium, m. intracellulare, or m. avium complex type x. the multiple pcr correctly identified 33 of 34 isolates identified by commercial probe methods as m. avium and all 51 isolates identified as m. intracellulare. the 20 isolates identified as m. avium complex type x by probe were identified as mycobacterium ...19968862615
comparative evaluation of pcr and commercial dna probes for detection and identification to species level of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare.selective amplification of a 187-bp fragment within the dt6 sequence using the av6 and av7 primers for mycobacterium avium and of a 666-bp fragment within the dt1 sequence of mycobacterium intracellulare using the in38 and in41 primers was performed for 69 clinical isolates identified as m. avium complex by conventional methods. the results were compared in parallel with results with commercial m. avium and m. intracellulare probes. a positive response to either of the two pcrs or m. avium-m. in ...19968897178
duplication of genes encoding the immunodominant 38 kda antigen in mycobacterium intracellulare.mycobacterium avium is a causative agent of mycobacterioses in systemically immunocompromised individuals, whereas mycobacterium intracellulare is responsible for causing infections in relatively immunocompetent hosts. in an attempt to identify components that could be involved in virulence, we characterised the 38 kda-encoding gene of m intracellulare that is absent in m. avium. this antigen cross reacts immunologically with a major 38 kda antigen of m. tuberculosis, and both antigens are homol ...19968900068
enhanced intramacrophage activity of resorcinomycin a against mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex after liposome encapsulation.the activities of free and liposomal resorcinomycin a against mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex (mac) grown in broth and in murine peritoneal macrophages were evaluated. liposomal resorcinomycin a was composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol at a molar ratio of 9:1. both free resorcinomycin a and liposomal resorcinomycin a showed no toxicity to macrophages at concentrations up to 50 micrograms/ml, as determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl ...19968913461
n-1-tert-butyl-substituted quinolones: in vitro anti-mycobacterium avium activities and structure-activity relationship studies.we determined the mics of 63 quinolones against 14 selected reference and clinical strains of the mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex. sixty-one of the compounds were selected from the quinolone library at parke-davis, ann arbor, mich., including n-1-tert-butyl-substituted agents. t 3761 and tosufloxacin were also tested. the activities of all 63 compounds were compared with those of ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin. the results showed 45 of the quinolones to be active against ...19968913479
slowly growing mycobacteria and chronic skin disorders.we evaluated the role of mycobacteria in chronic skin manifestations. the etiologies of chronic skin disorders in 90 patients were analyzed by culture, histopathologic examination, and skin testing for mycobacteria. there were 20 clinical diagnoses; prurigo nodularis was the most common diagnosis (43 patients). cultures were incubated at 32 degrees c and 36 degrees c for 6 months. fourteen cultures (16%) yielded the following mycobacteria: mycobacterium tuberculosis (5), mycobacterium avium/myco ...19968922800
electroporation at elevated temperatures substantially improves transformation efficiency of slow-growing mycobacteria.the effects of electroporation temperature, biochemical pretreatment of cells and stage of culture on electroporation efficiency for slow-growing mycobacteria were investigated. the efficiency of transformation into mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium intracellulare increased markedly with temperature. in contrast, the efficiency of transformation into mycobacterium smegmatis, a fast-growing species, was higher at 0 degree c and decreased with temperature. while sta ...19968931333
semantide- and chemotaxonomy-based analyses of some problematic phenotypic clusters of slowly growing mycobacteria, a cooperative study of the international working group on mycobacterial taxonomy.during previous cooperative numerical taxonomic studies of slowly growing mycobacteria, the international working group on mycobacterial taxonomy described a number of strains whose taxonomic status was ambiguous. a new study of dna, rna, and proteins from 66 of these organisms was performed to correlate their properties with phenotypic clustering behavior; the results of this study permitted 51 of the strains studied to be assigned to known species. the methods used to characterize the semantid ...19968573508
bioluminescence screening in vitro (bio-siv) assays for high-volume antimycobacterial drug discovery.bioluminescence-based assays to indicate antimicrobial susceptibility have been developed and validated for recombinant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium bovis bcg, mycobacterium avium, and mycobacterium intracellulare expressing an integrated eukaryotic luciferase gene. mics determined with these bioluminescence assays for several antimycobacterial agents, including isoniazid, ethambutol, rifampin, amikacin, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, and clarithromycin, compared favorably ...19968726034
[the clinical study of clarithromycin for pulmonary mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection].a nationwide study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of clarithromycin (cam) on pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis caused by the mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex, including intractable cases. out of total 97 patients examined, the analysis for bacteriological efficacy was possible in 69 cases. the negative conversion of bacilli was observed in 18 cases (26.1%), and 5 out of 12 cases in which the follow-up was conducted turned out continued negative status. the eff ...19979038009
infection with mycobacterium avium-intracellulare with abscess, ulceration and fistula formation.infections caused by mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex are generally manifested as pulmonary disease, osteomyelitis or lymphadenitis, and cutaneous infection is rare. we describe a case of m. intracellulare infection of the skin in a 79-year-old man without apparent immunologically disabling disease or therapy. he had cutaneous infection of the right hand over 10 years, developing a fistula and, finally, an ulcer and abscess, 2 months before his death from heart failure. mycobacterium i ...19979039310
rapid screening of natural products for antimycobacterial activity by using luciferase-expressing strains of mycobacterium bovis bcg and mycobacterium intracellulare.the object of this study was to investigate the ability of a rapid luciferase assay to detect antimycobacterial activity in plant extracts. recombinant strains of mycobacterium bovis bcg (rbcg) and mycobacterium intracellulare expressing firefly luciferase were used as the test organisms. assays were conducted in a 96-well minitube format under biosafety level 2 conditions. control and test wells were sampled immediately after inoculation and after 3 (recombinant m. intracellulare) and 5 (rbcg) ...19979055994
treatment of an infected murine macrophage cell line (j774a.1) with interferon-gamma but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha or live mycobacterium intracellulare alone modulates the expression of adhesion molecules.in the present study, we evaluated whether the activation of a murine macrophage cell line (j774.1a) by treatment with recombinant murine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rtnf-alpha) or recombinant murine interferon-gamma (rifn-gamma) before or simultaneous with infection with mycobacterium intracellulare would affect their ability to express lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (lfa-1) and to restrict growth and kill the ingested m. intracellulare. the data showed that the effect of lipopolysac ...19979058312
specific and nonspecific lymphadenitis in childhood: etiology, diagnosis, and therapyover a period of 4 years, 39 children with lymphadenitis were treated surgically; in 31 cases cervical lymph nodes were the main location. in 9 cases the lymphadenitis was caused by mycobacterial infection. staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent causative organism of unspecific lymphadenitis (11 cases). the therapy of choice appears to be surgical treatment and medical care after operation. especially in mycobacterial lymphadenitis, complete surgical excision of the lymph node is decisive f ...19979069207
enhancement of antibacterial activity of clofazimine against mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex infection induced by ifn-gamma is mediated by tnf-alpha.the effects of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) alone or in combination with free or liposomal clofazimine against mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex (mac) were investigated. treatment of murine resident peritoneal macrophages with 50 u/ml ifn-gamma (pre-infection) or 30 u/ml tnf-alpha (post-infection), caused significant reduction in intracellular mac growth; this response was suppressed by anti-tnf-alpha antibodies or pentoxifyllin ...19979069539
subspecific differentiation of mycobacterium avium complex strains by automated sequencing of a region of the gene (hsp65) encoding a 65-kilodalton heat shock protein.to develop a strategy for rapid species assignment and strain differentiation of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) organisms, the sequence of a 360-bp region of the gene (hsp65) encoding a 65-kda heat shock protein was determined for 56 isolates, including 21 patient isolates and 35 reference strains. eleven hsp65 alleles were identified, and there was no sharing of alleles between strains classified as m. avium and mycobacterium intracellulare based on serovar and species-specific dna hybridiza ...19979103630
nucleotide sequence of the mycobacterium leprae katg region.synthetic oligonucleotide primers based on the dna sequence data of the escherichia coli, mycobacterium tuberculosis, and mycobacterium intracellulare katg genes encoding the heme-containing enzyme catalase-peroxidase were used to amplify and analyze the mycobacterium leprae katg region by pcr. a 1.6-kb dna fragment, which hybridized to an m. tuberculosis katg probe, was obtained from an m. leprae dna template. southern hybridization analysis with a probe derived from the pcr-amplified fragment ...19979139928
use of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis to examine genetic relationships amongst isolates of mycobacterium intracellulare and related species.as part of a larger study investigating diversity and distribution of mycobacterium spp. in australia, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was used to assess genetic relationships at 17 enzyme loci amongst a collection of reference strains and isolates initially identified on biochemical and other grounds as m. intracellulare (70), "x' mycobacteria (10), m. scrofulaceum (7), m. avium (8) and m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (2). two of the isolates initially identified as m. intracellulare were sh ...19979141709
[reliability of amplicor mycobacteria test for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. m. avium and m. intracellulare: a cooperative study among 9 laboratories].the amplicor mycobacteria, a pcr-based assay, is a rapid test for the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare in clinical samples. to estimate the reliability and reproducibility of the method, a cooperative blind study was conducted among 9 laboratories. materials used for testing consisted of 105 sputum and 30 water samples containing known numbers of m. bovis bcg, m. avium, m. intracellulare, and samples without bacteria. only 2 out of the ...19979145647
specific and nonspecific lymphadenitis in childhood: etiology, diagnosis, and therapy.over a period of 4 years, 39 children with lymphadenitis were treated surgically; in 31 cases cervical lymph nodes were the main location. in 9 cases the lymphadenitis was caused by mycobacterial infection. staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent causative organism of unspecific lymphadenitis (11 cases). the therapy of choice appears to be surgical treatment and medical care after operation. especially in mycobacterial lymphadenitis, complete surgical excision of the lymph node is decisive f ...19979156832
increased hepatic iron in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an autopsy study.abnormalities in iron metabolism have been reported in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). to assess the frequency of abnormal hepatic iron deposition in these patients and to examine potential causes of iron overload, we analyzed the amount of iron at different cellular sites in liver sections obtained at autopsy of 78 patients with aids. quantitation of serum iron and transferrin levels and estimation of total iron binding capacity was obtained using serum from 63 patients ...19979160313
cross-reactive immune responses against mycobacterium bovis bcg in mice infected with non-tuberculous mycobacteria belonging to the mais-group.two bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg)-susceptible mouse strains, balb/c and c57bl/6, were infected intravenously with mycobacterium intracellulare, m. avium or m. scrofulaceum and monitored during 3 months for mycobacterial replication and antibody and th1-type cytokine production in response to cytoplasmic and secreted antigens from m. bovis bcg. whereas initial colony-forming unit (cfu) counts of m. intracellulare and m. avium were higher in lungs than in spleen, the opposite was observed for m. ...19979246204
[a case of mycobacterium intracellulare infection associated with sinobronchial syndrome].the patient was 71-year-old male with a history of sinobronchial syndrome since 8 years ago. he has been suffering from cough, sputum and upper abdominal discomfort since january 1994. he was diagnosed as an early gastric cancer by endoscopy, and his chest x-ray film showed an infiltrative shadow in the right upper lung field. a smear of the sputum specimen was positive for acid fast bacilli, which were later identified as mycobacterium intracellulare. in this case, before the mycobacterium intr ...19979259128
overexpression of the d-alanine racemase gene confers resistance to d-cycloserine in mycobacterium smegmatis.d-cycloserine is an effective second-line drug against mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium tuberculosis. to analyze the genetic determinants of d-cycloserine resistance in mycobacteria, a library of a resistant mycobacterium smegmatis mutant was constructed. a resistant clone harboring a recombinant plasmid with a 3.1-kb insert that contained the glutamate decarboxylase (gada) and d-alanine racemase (alra) genes was identified. subcloning experiments demonstrated that alra was necessary and su ...19979260945
structures of phenolic glycolipids from mycobacterium kansasii.from the lipid fraction of cells of mycobacterium kansasii, four phenolic glycolipids k5, k6, k7 and k8, were isolated, in addition to three known phenolic glycolipids ki, kii and kiv. k5 was identified as a tetraglycosyl phenolic glycolipid whose sugar moiety was 2,6-dideoxy-4-o-methyl-l-alpha-arabinohexopyranosyl(1-->3)-4-o-pro pionyl-2-o-methyl-l-alpha-fucopyranosyl(1-->3)-2-o-methyl-l-alpha-rhamno pyranosyl-(1-->3)-2,4-di-o-methyl-l-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->) and phenolic glycolipid k6 as d ...19979310365
expression of katg in mycobacterium tuberculosis is associated with its growth and persistence in mice and guinea pigs.the molecular mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of tuberculosis are not well understood. the present study evaluated the role of catalase-peroxidase as a potential virulence factor for mycobacterium tuberculosis. growth and persistence of m. tuberculosis h37rv in intravenously infected balb/ c mice were compared with katg-deleted, isoniazid-resistant m. tuberculosis h37rvinhr. transformation of m. tuberculosis h37rv (tbkatg) or mycobacterium intracellulare (mackatg) genes into m. tuber ...19989534978
new pyrrole alkaloids from solanum sodomaeum.two new pyrrole alkaloids, solsodomine a and b, were isolated from the fresh berries of solanum sodomaeum l., collected from the libyan desert. the structures of these compounds were established by 2d-nmr, including 15n nmr spectroscopy and chemical degradation. solsodomine a (1) shows activity against mycobacterium intracellulare. this is the first report of pyrrole alkaloids from the genus solanum.19989644084
clinical features of non-tuberculous mycobacterial disease: comparisons between smear-positive and smear-negative cases, and between mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare.to evaluate the differences in clinical symptoms and radiological findings between smear-positive non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) and smear-negative, culture-positive ntm. also, to evaluate the differences in clinical symptoms and radiological findings between mycobacterium avium and m. intracellulare.19989661829
identification of a gene unique to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and application to diagnosis of paratuberculosis.mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) is the etiologic agent of paratuberculosis (johne's disease), a chronic granulomatous enteritis in ruminants. currently, there is a need for improved diagnostic tests because of the lack of methods for accurate, rapid and reliable detection of m. paratuberculosis infection. a m. paratuberculosis gene (hspx) was cloned, sequenced, and a 30 bp species-specific oligonucleotide was synthesized. as an internal control to identify m ...19989664574
site-directed mutagenesis of the 19-kilodalton lipoprotein antigen reveals no essential role for the protein in the growth and virulence of mycobacterium intracellulare.the mycobacterial 19-kilodalton antigen (19ag) is a highly expressed, surface-associated glycolipoprotein which is immunodominant in infected patients and has little homology with other known proteins. to investigate the pathogenic significance of the 19ag, site-directed mutagenesis of the mycobacterium intracellulare 19ag gene was carried out by using a suicide vector-based strategy. allelic replacement of the 19ag gene of a mouse-avirulent m. intracellulare strain, 1403, was achieved by double ...19989673242
genetic diversity among mycobacterium avium complex strains recovered from children with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection.the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections in children with and without human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection were evaluated. isolates recovered from 136 children were subtyped by sequence analysis of a 360-bp region of the gene (hsp65) encoding a 65-kda heat-shock protein. twenty-one distinct hsp65 alleles were identified. on the basis of hsp65 genotype, 6 isolates were not mac organisms. of the remaining 130 samples, 61% were m. aviu ...19989728547
site-directed mutagenesis and virulence assessment of the katg gene of mycobacterium intracellulare.mycobacterial catalases have been suggested as acting as virulence factors by protecting intracellular mycobacteria from reactive oxidative metabolites produced by host phagocytes. mycobacterium intracellulare, like many other mycobacteria, produces two proteins with catalase activity: a heat-stable catalase (kate) and an inducible, heat-labile catalase peroxidase (katg). the m. intracellulare katg gene was cloned, and a plasmid derivative with a 4 bp insertion in the katg coding sequence was co ...19989767568
polyclonal mycobacterium avium complex infections in patients with nodular bronchiectasis.mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolates among patients with chronic lung disease were studied for their heterogeneity using genetic identification methods, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and seroagglutination. a mean of 7.3 cultures per patient were collected from 17 patients with nodular bronchiectasis who were elderly (mean age 66 yr), predominantly female (76%), had smoked a mean of only 5 pack-years, and had multifocal bronchiectasis. a mean of 7.7 cultures per patient were colle ...19989769287
tb infection: an exploratory study of bcg protective properties and the possible role of environmental mycobacteria.to evaluate the presence of environmental mycobacterial strains and explore the implications for bcg vaccination against tb.19989810394
gene replacement in mycobacterium intracellulare. 19989921481
assessment of use of the cobas amplicor system with bactec 12b cultures for rapid detection of frequently identified mycobacteria.the use of the cobas amplicor system (roche molecular diagnostics, basel, switzerland), the only automated system for pcr testing, was evaluated for a rapid identification of mycobacteria with positive bactec 12b cultures. two hundred ninety-six specimens with a growth index of >/=30 were analyzed for the presence of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, mycobacterium avium, and mycobacterium intracellulare. compared to traditional methods and provided that samples with pcr inhibition are retested ...19999986853
species-specific b-cell epitope on the c-terminal region of the alpha antigen from mycobacterium intracellulare in mice.the alpha antigen, which is an immunodominant antigen, is a 30 kda protein secreted by mycobacterial species. the c-terminal regions of alpha antigens are quite divergent. we investigated the question of whether the c-terminal regions of mycobacterium avium alpha antigen (a-alpha), m. intracellulare alpha antigen (i-alpha) and m. bovis bcg alpha antigen (b-alpha) contained species-specific b-cell epitopes. we investigated the reactions of these peptides with anti-a-alpha, anti-i-alpha and anti-b ...199910068124
structure of a new glycolipid from the mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex.from the lipid fraction of a freeze-dried cell mass of a strain of the mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex, a new glycolipid was isolated and was characterized as 5-mycoloyl-alpha-arabinofuranosyl (1-->1')-glycerol, mainly on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies.199910094713
enhanced gene replacement in mycobacteria.allelic replacement will be a vital tool for understanding gene function in mycobacteria. disruption of the chromosomal hisd gene of mycobacterium smegmatis by standard gene replacement methods was surprisingly difficult, with most products being caused by illegitimate recombination (ir) events. a recombination assay was therefore developed and used to optimize conditions for homologous recombination (hr) in m. smegmatis. treatment of competent cells with uv, hydrogen peroxide or mitomycin c did ...199910217485
species variation in atp-dependent protein degradation: protease profiles differ between mycobacteria and protease functions differ between mycobacterium smegmatis and escherichia coli.we report here that the existence of the potentially broad substrate specificity protease lon (also called la), is evolutionarily discontinuous within the order actinomycetales. lon homologues were identified in the fast-growing species mycobacterium smegmatis, and the slow-growing species micobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare. however, lon homologues were not detected in the slow-growing species mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium bovis, or mycobacterium leprae; or in the n ...199910231573
involvement of the n- and c-terminal domains of mycobacterium tuberculosis katg in the protection of mutant escherichia coli against dna-damaging agents.the mycobacterium tuberculosis katg enzyme, like most hydroperoxidase i (hpi)-type catalases, consists of two related domains, each with strong similarity to the yeast cytochrome c peroxidase. the catalase-peroxidase activity is associated with the amino-terminal domain but currently no definite function has been assigned to the carboxy-terminal domain, although it may play a role in substrate binding. this paper reports another possible function of the katg protein involving protection of the h ...199910463167
evaluation of the tuberculin gamma interferon assay: potential to replace the mantoux skin test.we evaluated an in vitro test of cell-mediated immunity, the tuberculin gamma interferon assay, quantiferon-tb (qifn), in 455 individuals from three groups: group i, 237 immigrants from high-risk countries; group ii, 127 health care workers undergoing mantoux testing; group iii, 91 patients being investigated for possible active tuberculosis (79 patients) or mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex infection (12 patients). the qifn results were compared either to those of the man ...199910488182
in vitro antimicrobial activity and penetration rate into sputum of gatifloxacin, a novel 6-fluoro-8-methoxy quinolone, and its therapeutic efficacy in respiratory infections.the in vitro antimicrobial activity of gatifloxacin against clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria was evaluated. minimum inhibitory concentrations of gatifloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tosufloxacin, sparfloxacin, and rifampicin against 20 strains each of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, 18 strains of enterobacter cloacae, 15 strains each of ...199911810507
[pulmonary infection induced by mycobacterium intracellulare in 2 sisters: a biomolecular study of the isolates].patient 1 was an 82-year-old woman without symptoms who had been admitted to the hospital because of abnormal shadows on a chest x ray film. the chest x ray showed a round opacity in the right middle lung field and air-space consolidation in the right lower lung field. a computed tomographic (ct) scan showed a nodular opacity with satellite lesions in the right middle lobe and bronchiectasis in the right middle lobe and left lingular segment. bronchial lavage yielded mycobacterium intracellulare ...199918217311
sensitive differential detection of genetically related mycobacterial pathogens in archival material.a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay targeted to the immunogenic protein mpb64 gene was used to detect members of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, and an outward-primed pcr (oppcr) designed on the is6110 element allowed differentiation between mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium tuberculosis. additionally, the amplification of is1110 and 16s ribosomal rna sequences combined with a dot blotting assay were able to differentially detect mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare, ...200011338484
effect of proton pump inhibitor alone or in combination with clarithromycin on mycobacterial growth in human alveolar macrophages.the effect of omeprazole, a clinically used proton pump inhibitor, alone or in combination with clarithromycin was evaluated against mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare and mycobacterium tuberculosis, using a human alveolar macrophage model of infection. omeprazole exhibited no significant effect on the growth of the two m. avium complex strains or on the mycobactericidal activity of clarithromycin against them. in contrast, omeprazole significantly promoted the growth of mycobacte ...200010612733
novel diagnostic algorithm for identification of mycobacteria using genus-specific amplification of the 16s-23s rrna gene spacer and restriction endonucleases.a novel genus-specific pcr for mycobacteria with simple identification to the species level by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) was established using the 16s-23s ribosomal rna gene (rdna) spacer as a target. panspecificity of primers was demonstrated on the genus level by testing 811 bacterial strains (122 species in 37 genera from 286 reference strains and 525 clinical isolates). all mycobacterial isolates (678 strains among 48 defined species and 5 indeterminate taxons) were amp ...200010699003
[a case of pulmonary nocardia farcinica infection in a patient with non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis].a 64 years old woman without systemic immunological disorders was admitted to our hospital because of a productive cough, low grade fever and bloody sputum. chest x-ray revealed multiple nodules with calcification, infiltrates and bronchiectasis. laboratory findings showed mild hypoproteinemia and elevated sedimentation rate. both nocardia farcinica and mycobacterium intracellulare were isolated from the bronchial lavage fluid. administration of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim improved her symptom ...200010783584
characterization of gammadelta t cells expressing cd158b, a killer cell inhibitory receptor, in a patient with chronic cd4(+) lymphocytopenia and disseminated mycobacterium intracellulare infection.a population of vdelta1(+)vgamma9(-) gammadelta t cells that represented almost the totality (84%) of circulating lymphocytes in a patient with chronic, non-hiv-related, cd4 lymphocytopenia complicated by a disseminated mycobacterium intracellulare infection was characterized. these gammadelta(+) t cells expressed a single killer inhibitory receptor (cd158b) and their phenotype (cd8(+)cd57(+)cd27(-)cd28(-)) indicated that, although cd45ra(+), they were not naive. however, the absence of large gr ...200010873429
some memoranda on the diagnostic criteria of lung disease caused by mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex.the simultaneous appearance of new cavitary lesions in the lungs and two or more isolations of mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex (mac) by daily or monthly sputum examination in the initial few days or the initial 6 months shows the presence of lung disease caused by mac. three isolations of mac by three to six daily or monthly sputum examination confirms the occurrence of lung disease caused by mac. these criteria and their basis were published by the present author in 197 ...200010949879
in vitro antimycobacterial activities of physalis angulata l.the hiv-tuberculosis co-infection has caused an impact on tuberculosis epidemiology all over the world and the efficacies of the therapeutic schemes traditionally prescribed in the treatment of tuberculosis, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide, have decreased due to the appearance of multidrug-resistant m. tuberculosis strains (mdr). this work is part of research on natural antimicrobial agents from plant extracts through bioassay-guided fractionation, by in vitro determination of the ...200010969728
survival of mycobacterial species in aerosols generated from artificial saliva.tuberculosis is transmitted primarily by the aerosol route and the aim of this study was to measure the ability of pathogenic mycobacteria to survive in aerosols generated from artificial saliva. aerosols of mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare and mycobacterium tuberculosis were generated and maintained in air under controlled conditions using a henderson apparatus and a rotating drum. there were no differences in aerosol survival between the three species, and all had a poor survi ...200010972736
mycobacterium intracellulare as a cause of a recurrent granulomatous tenosynovitis of the hand.we report a case of recurrent granulomatous tenosynovitis with m. intracellulare in a 55-year-old hiv negative diabetic woman. identification of the causative agent further than belonging to the m. avium-intracellulare complex is provided by specific pcr-amplification of genomic dna and sequencing of an hypervariable region within its 16s rna gene. sixteen months antibiotic regimen of rifabutin and clarithromycin led to a complete resolution of the tenosynovitis.200011035246
nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in northern australia: a case series and review of the literature.we performed a retrospective/prospective review of all cases of disease due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) reported in the northern territory, australia, during the period 1989-1997. fifty-eight cases were reported, with an average yearly incidence of 3.9 cases per 100,000 persons. the number increased significantly for the second half of the study period (39 vs. 19 cases; p<.02). the yearly incidence of pulmonary mycobacterium avium/mycobacterium intracellulare complex (mac) disease not a ...200011049777
distinct differences in repertoires of low-molecular-mass secreted antigens of mycobacterium avium complex and mycobacterium tuberculosis.antigens in a 4-week-old culture filtrate (cf) of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium were separated in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and identified by western blotting. the culture had minimal lysis of bacilli, giving a cf preparation consisting mainly of secreted proteins. comparison with a similar cf of mycobacterium tuberculosis with almost no contamination with intracellular proteins showed the presence of cross-reactive antigens homologous to the four components of ...200011101579
[a case of pneumonia caused by mycobacterium avium complex successfully treated with clarithromycin].we reported on a 79-year-old woman with pneumonia caused by mycobacterium avium complex (mac). she was admitted with fever, general fatigue, and cough. a chest x-ray film showed infiltrative shadows in the right lung field. in spite of administration of conventional antibiotics, the infiltrative shadows enlarged. a chest ct scan revealed areas of consolidation and ground glass opacities. bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) examination revealed an increased number of lymphocytes. transbronchial lung bio ...200011109848
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