| gastrointestinal function and structure in hiv-positive patients. | we examined 19 patients (17 men) with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and gastrointestinal symptoms to determine whether those symptoms were due to either a gastrointestinal tract infection or a defect in mucosal absorption because of an enteropathy. the erythrocyte folate and serum vitamin b12 levels were within normal limits in all of the patients. the serum ferritin level was elevated in 12. the xylose absorption test results were abnormal in 8 of the 13 patients able to complete ... | 1990 | 2207920 |
| inflammatory double-barrelled esophagus in two patients with aids. | | 1990 | 2210284 |
| [determination of the susceptibilities to antituberculosis agents in mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex]. | the determination of the susceptibilities to antituberculosis agents in mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex (mai complex) is influenced by the size of inoculation used in the determination. such influences differ greatly according to the drugs. by increasing the number of colony-forming units (cfu) of the inoculation to 10(6)-fold, minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of rifampicin and cycloserine have increased only 2-to 3-fold. however, mics of ethionamide, streptomyci ... | 1990 | 2214509 |
| [bactericidal activities of rifampicin, ethambutol, enviomycin and streptomycin on mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex strains]. | bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of rifampicin, ethambutol, enviomycin and streptomycin on mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex (mai complex) strains were determined. the susceptibility testings were made in ogawa egg medium, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined as the lowest concentration of drugs, in which the growth of 20 to 100 colony-forming units was completely inhibited. the mics correspond to the mics that can inhibit the growth of 95 ... | 1990 | 2214513 |
| infection with mycobacterium avium complex in australian patients with aids. | data supplied by tuberculosis reference laboratories in australia indicate that from mid-1985 to the end of 1988, 202 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were diagnosed as having concomitant infection caused by organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex. this figure represents 17.3% of all aids cases diagnosed. serotyping showed that the majority of isolates were serovars of m. avium, namely serovars 1, 4 and 8. there is evidence of geographic differences in the dominan ... | 1990 | 2215337 |
| characterization of mycobacterium paratuberculosis and "wood-pigeon" mycobacteria by isoenzyme profile and selective staining of immunoprecipitates. | cell-free extracts of various strains belonging to mycobacterium paratuberculosis (ptb) and "wood-pigeon" (wp) mycobacteria were compared by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the various protein bands obtained were tested for peroxidase enzyme activity. one strain of mycobacterium avium served as a control. bacterial extracts were also analysed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (criep) and fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis (friep) using antisera raised in rabbit against m. paratuberculosis ... | 1990 | 2218060 |
| epidemiology of infection by nontuberculous mycobacteria ix. evidence for two dna homology groups among small plasmids in mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare, and mycobacterium scrofulaceum. | a 12.9 kb plasmid, pvt2, from a clinical mycobacterium avium isolate, md1, was cloned and radiolabeled for use as a dna probe to examine the relatedness of plasmids in m. avium complex. that probe hybridized with plasmids isolated from m. avium complex strains from the environment (7 of 16) and from non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) (10 of 17) and aids (5 of 6) clinical isolates. the similarity of plasmids from the environment with those from patients supports the hypothesis that the ... | 1990 | 2221593 |
| arylsulfatase activity of mycobacterium avium, m. intracellulare, and m. scrofulaceum. | a rapid (3-h) arylsulfatase assay for cell suspensions of mycobacteria, in which p-nitrophenyl sulfate is used as the substrate, was developed. arylsulfatase activity was found in cell suspensions of representative strains of mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellulare, and mycobacterium scrofulaceum grown without the substrate in either middlebrook 7h9 medium containing 0.2% (wt/vol) glucose and 0.05% (vol/vol) tween 80 or dubos broth medium, but was absent in cells grown in a low-ph, min ... | 1990 | 2223599 |
| arylsulfatase activity for differentiating mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare. | arylsulfatase activities (96-h reaction) of various strains of mycobacterium avium and m. intracellulare, as identified by a dna probe test, were measured. the enzyme activities of m. avium strains were significantly lower [corrected] than those of m. intracellulare strains (p less than 0.005 to p less than 0.025). the enzyme activities did not vary with serovar; that is, the activities of serovars 1, 2, 8, and 9 (belonging to m. avium) were similar to each other, as were the activities of serov ... | 1990 | 2229391 |
| a rapid [3h]glycerol radioassay for determination of monocyte-mediated growth inhibition of mycobacterium avium. | [3h]glycerol was used to radiolabel mycobacterium avium (ma) bacteria after interaction with human monocytes in a rapid in vitro assay for determination of the growth inhibition of the mycobacteria by monocytes. monocytes and ma were co-cultured in 96-well microtiter plates for 1-5 days, and [3h]glycerol was added for an additional 3 days of incubation to radiolabel residual bacteria. the results indicate that monocytes inhibited mycobacterial growth within 24 h of co-culture, an activity which ... | 1990 | 2230143 |
| [effect of atypical mycobacterial infection on the cell-mediated immunity induced by mycobacterium bovis bcg in mice. i. suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity]. | mycobacterium avium mino grows well in the lung, spleen or liver of susceptible mice, such as c57bl/6, c57bl/10, and b10 congenics. infection with mino inhibited the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) to bcg in the mouse receiving subcutaneous injection of bcg 2 weeks later. post-infection with mino did not affect dth to bcg already established. preceding infection with avirulent strains of atypical mycobacteria weakly suppressed the induction of dth by bcg. on the other hand, mino ... | 1990 | 2232436 |
| skin reactivity to atypical mycobacteria in cystic fibrosis. | atypical mycobacterial disease has been described in a small number of patients with cystic fibrosis. apart from one uncontrolled study, there is little information regarding atypical mycobacterial skin reactivity in this group of patients. we evaluated delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to purified extracts of mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium intracellular, mycobacterium kansasii and mycobacterium bovis in 23 healthy controls and 43 adult and adolescent patients with cystic fibrosis. fifteen ... | 1990 | 2236753 |
| tuberculous psoas muscle abscess following chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | a 34-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus infection and disseminated mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare infection developed a right psoas muscle abscess due to mycobacterium tuberculosis. the abscess occurred 18 months after completion of a 12-month course of chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid that was given because of a positive reaction with purified protein derivative of tuberculin. the adjacent vertebrae did not appear to be involved. the abscess was drained with a p ... | 1990 | 2237113 |
| characterisation of plasmids extracted from aids--associated mycobacterium avium isolates. | the plasmid profiles of 12 mycobacterium avium strains isolated from 12 different patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were analysed. plasmids were identified in 9 of these strains. plasmids were isolated from all 7 serovars 4 and 8 strains, a serovar 20a strain and an untypeable strain, but were not detected in either of 2 serovar 3b strains or an untypeable isolate. southern blot hybridisations revealed that extracts derived from all of the plasmid-containing strains hybridised to ... | 1990 | 2238124 |
| in-vitro bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of isoniazid on the mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex. | isoniazid inhibited the growth of mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare strains at concentrations of 0.1-25 micrograms/ml and was even bactericidal for several strains. the bactericidal activity was observed in relatively susceptible strains. the susceptibility did not correlate with colonial morphology but correlated with species identification. mycobacterium avium strains were more resistant to isoniazid than mycobacterium intracellulare strains. | 1990 | 2238126 |
| differential effects of free and liposome encapsulated amikacin on the survival of mycobacterium avium complex in mouse peritoneal macrophages. | liposome-encapsulated amikacin shows significantly greater inhibitory activity against the survival of mycobacterium avium complex inside mouse peritoneal macrophages than the free drug. similar results were obtained whether the drug was added simultaneously with, 48 h prior to, or 48 h after the addition of mycobacteria to the macrophages. these observations support the hypothesis that the in vivo intravenous delivery of liposome-encapsulated amikacin results in the localization of the antibiot ... | 1990 | 2238129 |
| the development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of mycobacterium bovis. | a double antibody sandwich layer enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect mycobacterium bovis. the elisa detected m. bovis is pure culture at concentrations of 1 x 10(5) colony-forming units (cfu) ml-1 and greater, compared to a minimum detection level of 1 x 10(6) cfu ml-1 for isolation techniques. neither technique detected m. bovis at 1 x 10(4) cfu ml-1. the elisa did not cross-react with common mycobacterial contaminants such as mycobacterium avium intracellulare-scrofula ... | 1990 | 2238461 |
| nontropical pyomyositis as a cause of subacute, multifocal myalgia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we report a case of nontropical pyomyositis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and disseminated mycobacterium avium infection, in which severe myalgia was the presenting symptom over several weeks. multifocal muscle lesions were identified by gallium scanning and magnetic resonance imaging techniques. the epidemiology, possible pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic imaging, and therapy are reviewed. early suspicion of nontropical pyomyositis in severely immunocompromised ... | 1990 | 2242070 |
| spontaneous resolution of endobronchial mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in a patient with aids. | | 1990 | 2245713 |
| mycobacterial infection in the aids era: implications for infection control and employee health. | | 1990 | 2247096 |
| pulmonary infection with mycobacterium avium-intracellulare: diagnosis, clinical patterns, treatment. | most physicians fail to recognize mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai) as a major pathogen for pulmonary disease among patients admitted to hospitals throughout the united states. in a review of all records of positive mai cultures during the 10 years beginning july 1, 1979, at the mount sinai hospital, new york city, we have identified 244 patients who had pulmonary disease primarily or secondarily complicated by mai. we also identified another 243 patients as false positive for mai infecti ... | 1990 | 2247097 |
| cavitary lung disease caused by mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in aids patients. | | 1990 | 2247671 |
| severe anemia is an important negative predictor for survival with disseminated mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | disseminated mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai) in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is usually unresponsive to antimycobacterial therapy. we examined clinical and laboratory characteristics of mai organisms and their relationship to the length of survival. we studied factors influencing survival and compared these in 76 patients with aids with and without mai. serum levels of p24 antigen and erythropoietin, and cd4-positive helper t-lymphocytes in blood were asse ... | 1990 | 2252248 |
| drugs and drug development for chemotherapy of leprosy and tuberculosis, including m. avium infections. | | 1990 | 2255857 |
| [clinical characteristics of the lung diseases due to mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare classified by dna probe test]. | clinical characteristics of the lung diseases due to m. avium and m. intracellulare classified by dna probe test were investigated. between m. avium and m. intracellulare, there was no significant differences in the samples' backgrounds and the clinical characteristics except for their prognoses. the prognosis of the lung diseases due to m. intracellulare was better than those due to m. avium, and m. avium was revealed to be highly susceptible to cyclocerine than m. intracellulare. no remarkable ... | 1990 | 2259056 |
| [serotyping of strains of non-tuberculous mycobacteria]. | forty strains of mycobacteria, belonging to mycobacterium-avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum complex, isolated from symptomatic respiratory patients, were studied. for such study, agglutination-adsorption technique was applied, using specific antisera elaborated at the "pedro kouri" institute of tropical medicine, national reference institute, with titers ranging close to 1:320. the results obtained demonstrated that the prevailing types were those of the species mycobacterium intracellulare (31 ... | 1990 | 2259778 |
| atypical mycobacterial infections. | atypical mycobacterial infections play an important role in human pathogenicity. mycobacterium avium complex has been reported to occur in 17% to 50% of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus. in the southwestern united states, mycobacterium kansasii is reported to be a predominate mycobacterial infection in middle-aged men. the epidemiology of the pathological species is discussed along with current recommendations for chemotherapeutic regimens. | 1990 | 2262742 |
| resurgence of tuberculosis on the coattails of the aids epidemic. | | 1990 | 2270196 |
| phylogenetic analysis and identification of different serovars of mycobacterium intracellulare at the molecular level. | comparative 16s rrna sequencing was used to infer the phylogenetic relationship among different serovars of the mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare complex as well as to define signature nucleotides characteristic for different serovars. in general, the groups defined by rrna sequencing reflect the classification obtained with sensitin tests and pathogenicity examinations in chickens. unique 16s rrna sequence patterns could be defined for (1) m. avium, (2) m. intracellulare serovars 4, 5, 6, 8 ... | 1990 | 2275731 |
| effect of tween 80 on the growth of mycobacterium avium complex. | the effect of tween 80 on the growth of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in liquid culture condition was investigated. observation of the colony-forming units (cfu) and the morphology of mac with transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed that tween 80 at 0.05% in the medium (ca. 0.5 mg/ml) had bacteriostatic action and caused cell elongation. tween 80 at 0.5% or more in the medium (ca. 5 mg/ml) reduced the quantity of mac glycolipids and also led to false positive or positive results ... | 1990 | 2280723 |
| rifampin-induced methadone withdrawal in aids. | | 1990 | 2286719 |
| [tuberculosis cutis luposa gigantea with mycobacterium bovis detection]. | in an 80-year-old woman, retired farmworker, we observed lupus vulgaris extending over more than half of her leg. the extreme size of the affected area made us talk of a giant form in this case. bacteriological investigation revealed mycobacterium bovis. the minimal amount of tuberculin required to induce a positive intradermal reaction was 10 iu (gt behring). another case with similar dimensions (reported by christiansen in 1967) had been caused by mycobacterium avium and developed over a perio ... | 1990 | 2291294 |
| isolation of mycobacteria from stools and intestinal biopsies from hiv seropositive and hiv seronegative patients with and without diarrhea in kinshasa, zaïre. preliminary results. | to determine the role of mycobacteria as etiologic agent in hiv related enteritis in africa, the following study was performed in 1986, in the department of internal medicine in mama yemo hospital in kinshasa, zaire. stool and intestinal biopsies were obtained from hiv seropositive and hiv seronegative patients with and without diarrhea. patients with known mycobacterium tuberculosis infection were not enrolled. acid fast bacilli were found in fecal smears of 6 (10%) of 59 hiv seropositive patie ... | 1990 | 2291696 |
| [human immunodeficiency virus infection associated with tuberculosis]. | in order to detect an association between hiv infection and tuberculosis (tb), 130 tb inpatients were studied one of whom presented a pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium avium intracellulare. all had advanced tb, 95.4%, with pulmonary localization. serum anti-hiv antibodies were detected by elisa and their presence confirmed by immunoblotting in 4 (3.1%) individuals, three males and one female, with different degrees of pulmonary tb. of the males, 1 was bisexual, 2 were promiscuous, and the f ... | 1990 | 2292908 |
| comparative yield of blood culture for fungi and mycobacteria, liver biopsy, and bone marrow biopsy in the diagnosis of fever of undetermined origin in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. | the diagnostic yield of mycobacterial blood cultures, bone marrow biopsy, and liver biopsy for determining the cause of unexplained fever was compared prospectively in eight men and four women with serologic evidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection and fever of undetermined origin. mycobacterial infection was found in 8 of the 12 patients (mycobacterium tuberculosis in 3 and mycobacterium avium in 5). mycobacteria were isolated from the blood of 6 of these 8 patients. the mean interval ... | 1990 | 2302009 |
| natural killer cell activity and macrophage-dependent inhibition of growth or killing of mycobacterium avium complex in a mouse model. | natural killer (nk) cells from spleens of normal and mycobacterium avium complex (mac)-infected c57 black mice (c57 bl/6 bg/+) were examined for their capacity to activate splenic and peritoneal macrophages from beige mice to inhibit or kill intracellular mac. peritoneal and splenic macrophages from beige mice were exposed in vitro to nk cells obtained from mac-infected and uninfected black mice. nk cells from uninfected black mice were also treated in vitro with recombinant interleukin-2 (il-2) ... | 1990 | 2303748 |
| red cell transfusion therapy for anemia in patients with aids and arc: incidence, associated factors, and outcome. | the records of the san francisco general hospital (sfgh) blood bank were reviewed, and 263 likely aids and aids-related complex (arc) patients were identified, who received 1545 units of packed red cells (pbrcs) between july 1, 1987, and june 30, 1988. a probability sample of 80 of these patients was selected randomly for detailed chart review. of this sample, 78 (98%) were confirmed to have aids (86%) or arc (14%). on the basis of the yearly census of the sfgh aids clinic, a transfusion inciden ... | 1990 | 2305441 |
| hypouricemia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | clinical evaluations of hypouricemia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) have shown that it is a common disorder resulting from defective renal handling of uric acid. we prospectively studied renal urate handling in 23 patients and reviewed the records of 73 consecutive patients with aids or aids-related complex (arc), who were seen in our aids clinic between march 1985 and april 1988, to determine the incidence, significance, and, when possible, the cause of hypourice ... | 1990 | 2305765 |
| [aids: prevention of pulmonary complications. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia--mycobacterial infections]. | | 1990 | 2312028 |
| natural killer cell-mediated lysis of mycobacterium-avium complex-infected monocytes. | since the precise mechanism of host responses to infection with mycobacterium-avium complex (mac) is unclear and since cytotoxic lymphocytes may be involved in the destruction of cells infected with intracellular pathogens, we investigated the ability of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes to kill mac-infected monocytes in a short-term isotope release assay. nylon wool-passed lymphocytes lysed mac-infected but not uninfected monocytes during a 4-hr assay. infected monocytes were less sensitive t ... | 1990 | 2312668 |
| [bactericidal activity of antituberculosis drugs against mycobacterium avium complex]. | the bactericidal activity of antituberculosis drugs against two strains of m. avium complex 13008 (serotype 20) and 13016 (serotype 4), was observed using modified dubos liquid medium (1.3 g of dubos broth base (difco) in 180 mil of distilled water plus 20 ml of bovine serum). the strains were most susceptible to antituberculosis drugs among m. avium complex strains (table). the test strains were cultivated in ogawa egg medium at 37 degrees c for 10 days, and growing colonies were homogenized by ... | 1990 | 2313966 |
| endophthalmitis due to mycobacterium avium in a patient with aids. | a 27-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [aids] had endophthalmitis os four years after a trabeculectomy was done. the patient had a history of disseminated infection with mycobacterium avium. examination showed an intact filtering bleb with inflammation and hypopyon formation in the anterior chamber os. the m. avium was cultured from an anterior chamber paracentesis. the patient responded to treatment with gentamicin, cefazolin, and prednisolone. infection with m. avium should ... | 1990 | 2316950 |
| mycobacterial infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | of 207 homosexual or bisexual patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), 24 with the aids related complex, and 39 with asymptomatic hiv infection, 32 patients were found to have mycobacterial infection. mycobacterium tuberculosis was found in 13 patients with aids and in two with the aids related complex. m avium-intracellulare was found in 15 patients with aids and was disseminated in 12. one patient was infected with m kansasii and one with m ulcerans. invasive procedures we ... | 1990 | 2321177 |
| production, characterization, and species specificity of monoclonal antibodies to mycobacterium avium complex protein antigens. | the incidence of mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex infections has increased in recent years primarily because a significant proportion of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients develop disseminated m. avium complex disease. in an effort to develop new tools to study these infections, we have produced eight monoclonal antibodies directed against m. avium. western blot (immunoblot) specificity analysis and protease sensitivity assays indicate that four of these antibodi ... | 1990 | 2323822 |
| rapid diagnosis by buffy coat smear of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | a smear of the buffy coat of peripheral blood for acid-fast bacilli was assessed for sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients. seventeen aids patients with blood cultures positive for mac had simultaneous quantitative blood cultures and buffy coat smears performed, as did 4 patients later proven not to have disseminated mac. the sensitivity of the buffy coat smear for the detecti ... | 1990 | 2324284 |
| in vitro activity of amikacin against mycobacterium avium. | | 1990 | 2327785 |
| [infections caused by mycobacterium avium complex in patients without predisposing factors]. | | 1990 | 2328674 |
| synthesis and biological activity of some derivatives of rifamycin p. | a series of derivatives of rifamycin p, an antibiotic produced by fermentation of a mutant strain of nocardia mediterranea or by chemical modification of rifamycin s, have been prepared. the structures of these compounds were determined by 1h nmr, ir, uv, and lc/ms. their in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities in comparison with rifampicin and two other rifamycins under investigation were evaluated. the derivatives were more active than rifamycin p against mycobacterium avium complex and ... | 1990 | 2329569 |
| implications of antibodies to pyruvylated glucose in healthy populations for mycobacterioses and other infectious diseases. | members of the mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare (mai) complex are typeable because each serovar is characterized by its own specific antigenic glycolipid. by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we studied serum specimens obtained from 148 healthy college students for antibodies to these glycopeptidolipids. ninety-two (61.5%) of the serum specimens were positive to the specific glycolipid antigen from mai serovar 8. in a study of a pediatric population, antibodies appea ... | 1990 | 2332469 |
| mycobacterium avium complex tenosynovitis of the index finger. | a rare case of tenosynovitis of the right index finger caused by mycobacterium avium complex is reported. a high index of suspicion resulted in early culture-based diagnosis. surgical synovectomy combined with a prolonged course of antituberculous medications resulted in normal hand function. | 1990 | 2333222 |
| reactive arthritis after mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection: poncet's disease revisited. | | 1990 | 2337113 |
| negative images of bacilli and mycobacterial infection: a study of fine-needle aspiration smears from lymph nodes in patients with aids. | in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), four cases of mycobacterial infection in which bacilli appeared as cylindrical, nonstaining "negative images" have been previously described. these may have been extracellular or within histiocyte cytoplasm, and they have been described in aspirations from liver, lymph node, and bone marrow and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. we report three additional examples of this finding in fine-needle aspirations from lymph nodes in aids pat ... | 1990 | 2338035 |
| microcalorimetric studies of the initial interaction between antimycobacterial drugs and mycobacterium avium. | to further our understanding of the mechanisms by which ethambutol potentiates the effect of other antimycobacterial drugs on mycobacteria we have studied the initial physico-chemical interaction between ethambutol and the mycobacterium avium cell envelope using batch reaction microcalorimetry. when strains of m. avium were exposed to ethambutol an immediate endothermic reaction was recorded. when the m. avium cells were pre-treated with ethambutol this strongly affected the initial interaction ... | 1990 | 2338413 |
| the gastrointestinal manifestations of aids. | gastrointestinal disease in aids is common and is due to opportunistic infections, aggressive malignancy and possible direct hiv enteropathy. disabling gastrointestinal symptoms are prominent both in patients with established aids and in patients with earlier stages of hiv infection. we report the cases of 160 patients with aids who underwent gastroenterological investigations at st vincent's hospital, sydney, between november 1983 to october 1987. of these, 127 had the diagnosis of aids establi ... | 1990 | 2344318 |
| treatment of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection of beige mice with liposome-encapsulated aminoglycosides. | free and liposome-encapsulated amikacin are active in vitro against intracellular mycobacterium avium complex (mac). to examine whether liposome-encapsulated aminoglycosides might kill intracellular mac more effectively in vivo, beige mice were infected with mac strain 101 (serotype 1) and after 1 week were treated intravenously every other day (5 doses total) with amikacin liposomes (0.2, 1, or 4 mg/dose), amikacin solution (0.2, 1, or 2 mg), gentamicin liposomes or gentamicin solution (0.2 or ... | 1990 | 2345306 |
| [non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis]. | twenty-two children (1-12 years old) with cervical lymphadenitis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are described. skin tests revealed the causative agent in 20 out of 22 cases. mycobacterium avium was cultured in 12 cases, 7 cultures remained negative. treatment should consist of primary excision of the infected lymph node. if this is impossible puncture, incision, drainage and curettage should be applied. antituberculous drugs should only be prescribed in case of systemic ntm infecti ... | 1990 | 2345578 |
| the role of macrophages in host defence mechanisms against mycobacterium avium complex infection induced in mice. | | 1990 | 2345799 |
| bilateral granulomatous guttural pouch infection due to mycobacterium avium complex in a horse. | | 1990 | 2345938 |
| mycobacterium avium complex-induced septic arthritis and osteomyelitis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | | 1990 | 2346530 |
| [lung infection in hiv disease]. | pulmonary infections are the most important life-threatening complications in hiv disease. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia being most frequent often presents with atypical radiologic features. infections by mycobacteria and pyogenic bacteria are of growing importance. due to the nonspecific clinical and radiological presentation and the numerous coinfections an appropriate workup with emphasis on bronchioalveolar lavage and blood cultures is essential. | 1990 | 2349425 |
| geographic distribution, frequency, and specimen source of mycobacterium avium complex serotypes isolated from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | isolates of mycobacterium avium complex from 727 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were submitted by medical centers across the united states to the centers for disease control for serotyping. we were able to type 630 (87%) of these isolates by our seroagglutination procedure. almost all typeable isolates were m. avium (serotypes 1 to 6 and 8 to 11). blood was the major specimen source for both m. avium and the nontypeable isolates. m. intracellulare serotypes made up only ... | 1990 | 2351735 |
| [in-vitro susceptibility of mycobacterium avium complex to isoniazid and ethionamide]. | in this study, it was investigated whether or not mycobacterium avium complex strains were inhibited by such low concentrations of isoniazid and ethionamide as possible in blood. the inhibitory concentrations were determined by the "actual count" method (tsukamura, m.: japan j. tuberc. 12: 46-54, 1964), in which the inhibitory concentration was measured as a concentration that can inhibit the growth of 'countable' colony-forming units. the ratio of strains which were inhibited by such low concen ... | 1990 | 2352411 |
| absence of bacteremia with mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in ugandan patients with aids. | disseminated infection with mycobacterium avium-intracellulare is the most common systemic bacterial infection in american patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. blood cultures for mycobacteria were obtained from 50 severely ill ugandan patients fulfilling the world health organization criteria for aids and considered late in the course of their illness; 98% had antibody to hiv by elisa. all blood cultures were negative. these data suggest that disseminated infection with m. avium ... | 1990 | 2355195 |
| [identification of mycobacterium avium complex isolated in tokyo university hospital using dna probe procedure]. | mycobacteria other than mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in tokyo university hospital during 1970-1980 were identified to the level of species using a commercial dna probe kit (gen-probe rapid diagnostic system for mycobacterium avium complex; gen-probe corp., california, usa). the cell count to give a positive result, that is, the absolute hybridization of more than 10%, was 5 x 10(6) cfu/ml for m. avium and 1 x 10(6) cfu/ml for m. intracellulare, respectively. at this condition, compared wi ... | 1990 | 2358709 |
| enhancement of drug susceptibility of mycobacterium avium by inhibitors of cell envelope synthesis. | treatment of infections caused by mycobacterium avium complex bacteria still remains a challenge since these organisms are resistant to a majority of antituberculous drugs. m. avium is very often linked with acquired immune deficiency syndrome-associated opportunistic infections. we earlier suggested that one of the strategies for circumventing multiple-drug resistance might be the enhancement of m. avium drug susceptibility by inhibiting the synthesis of the outermost layer of its envelope, whi ... | 1990 | 2360816 |
| genus- and species-specific dna probes to identify mycobacteria using the polymerase chain reaction. | differential diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis, m. avium, and other mycobacteria remains a lengthy process. recently, the use of dna probes has been proposed as a new approach for a more specific and rapid diagnosis. here, we report the cloning and sequencing of a genus-specific probe for mycobacterium and a species-specific m. avium probe. the genus-specific probe hybridizes with dna from nine atcc type strains and 13 isolates of mycobacteria but not to non-mycobacterial dna. in addition, ... | 1990 | 2366764 |
| skeletal muscle pathology in aids: an autopsy study. | a survey of skeletal muscle pathology in 92 autopsied cases of aids revealed microscopic alterations in 64 cases. there were 40 cases of disuse atrophy, 8 of denervation atrophy, 2 of cryptococcal myositis, 1 of mycobacterium avium intracellulare (mai) infection and 2 of necrotizing myopathy associated with hyperkalemia. a second group of cases with changes of unknown etiology was found. these were tentatively ascribed to the direct or indirect action of hiv. this category includes 8 cases of in ... | 1990 | 2366823 |
| [incidence of infections with mycobacteria in hiv infected patients]. | in subjects with hiv infection, mycobacteria are frequently identified. the most commonly seen species are m. avium-m. intracellulare. on the other hand, there is considerable variation in the data regarding the incidence of infections with m. tuberculosis; in fact, these data correspond with the differences in prevalence of tuberculosis in the respective general population. | 1990 | 2367434 |
| major abdominal operations in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | twenty-one major abdominal operations performed on 20 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were reviewed. fourteen operations were for therapeutic indications, eight were emergent. the array of pathology encountered included opportunistic infection with mycobacterium avium intracellulare, cytomegalovirus, cryptosporidium, abdominal tuberculosis, lymphoma, kaposi's sarcoma, aids-related immune thrombocytopenia, perforated appendicitis and colonic pseudo-obstruction. hospital mo ... | 1990 | 2368989 |
| characterization and growth in human macrophages of mycobacterium avium complex strains isolated from the blood of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | strains of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) yield opaque and transparent colonial variants when cultivated in vitro. the transparent variants are more virulent than the opaque for animals, but little is known about the respective roles of these colonial variants in humans. to assess which variant infects humans, various blood fractions from eight patients with mac bacteremia were plated directly onto 7h10 agar. in cell fractionation studies, all the m. avium complex cfu were associated with ... | 1990 | 2370109 |
| choice of antimicrobial agents for m. avium disease based on quantitative tests of drug susceptibility. | | 1990 | 2370896 |
| [in-vitro combined effect of antituberculosis drugs on mycobacterium avium complex]. | in-vitro combined activity of antituberculosis drugs on mycobacterium avium complex strain 13034 (serotype 18) was observed. a twofold dilution series of each drug was combined with 17 additional drugs and the control without drug. each medium was inoculated by a 0.02 ml-sample of four different bacterial suspensions, original suspension (10 mg wet weight per ml) and its 10(-5), 10(-6) and 10(-7) suspensions, and incubated at 37 degrees c for 28 days. the inoculation was made by a spiral loop th ... | 1990 | 2376931 |
| [utilization of butanols by disease-associated mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare classified by dna probe test and relationship with their ability to grow at 45 degrees c]. | utilization of n-butanol and iso-butanol by mycobacterium avium and m. intracellulare classified by dna probe test (20 strains each) was studied. the majority (14 strains) of m. avium could grow at 45 degrees c, but none of m. intracellulare grew at the same temperature. all m. avium and the majority of m. intracellulare (80%) utilized n-butanol but failed to utilize iso-butanol. therefore, the utilization test of butanols is inadequate for classification of these species. | 1990 | 2376935 |
| mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infections after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in children. | serious infections caused by the mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai) complex have been increasingly recognized in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients are prone to infections caused by a wide spectrum of organisms. however, infection with mai has been reported only once in an allogeneic bone marrow transplant setting. we describe two allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (s ... | 1990 | 2378416 |
| mixed gonococcal and mycobacterial sepsis of the wrist. | mycobacterial infections of the hand and wrist are rare. concurrent infection of a joint by more than one organism is also unusual. a 25-year-old man developed wrist sepsis caused by neisseria gonorrhoeae and mycobacterium avium intracellularis. the infection was successfully treated by wrist drainage, carpal debridement, and intravenous antibiotics. secondary carpal reconstruction was accomplished by delayed bone grafting and internal fixation to preserve radiocarpal motion. | 1990 | 2379349 |
| serovars of mycobacterium avium complex isolated from patients in sweden. | the serovars of clinical isolates of mycobacterium avium complex from 24 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and 140 non-aids patients in sweden were studied by using type-specific antisera. a wide distribution of serovars was seen. serovar 6 was predominant in both groups of patients, isolated from 33 and 16% of the aids and non-aids patients, respectively. the results indicate geographical as well as disease-related differences in the distribution of m. avium complex serovars of clinical ... | 1990 | 2380348 |
| characteristics of immunosuppressive macrophages induced in spleen cells by mycobacterium avium complex infections in mice. | the profile of generation and characteristics of splenic macrophages (m phi s) which suppress the concanavalin a (con a) mitogenic response of splenic t cells (designated as 'immunosuppressive m phi s') in host cba/jn mice during the course of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection were investigated. in mac-infected mice, reductions in some cellular functions of host splenic t cells, such as the con a mitogenic response and mixed leucocyte reaction, were seen around 2 weeks after challenge ... | 1990 | 2380690 |
| prospective study of mycobacterial infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. | fifty four patients with cystic fibrosis, aged 3-67 years, were studied prospectively for pulmonary mycobacterial infection. sputum smears and cultures were carried out and intradermal skin tests performed. mycobacteria were cultured from six patients in association with clinical deterioration; four patients had positive direct smears. mycobacterium tuberculosis, m aviumintracellulare, m kansasii, and m gordonae were isolated. there were no deaths and all improved with chemotherapy. a third of t ... | 1990 | 2382245 |
| sex differences in the susceptibility of mice to infection induced by mycobacterium intracellulare. | sex differences in the susceptibility of balb-c mice to mycobacterium intracellulare infection were studied. when mice were given m. intracellulare intravenously, macroscopic lesions were considerably more extensive in the lungs, liver, and kidneys of male mice than in female mice. a significantly more marked growth of organisms occurred in these visceral organs of the male mice during the course of infection for as long as 16 wk after the challenge. this difference can be partly explained by th ... | 1990 | 2382907 |
| treatment of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in aids with amikacin, ethambutol, rifampin, and ciprofloxacin. california collaborative treatment group. | to determine the efficacy of combination drug therapy for disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | 1990 | 2382918 |
| disseminated cutaneous infection caused by mycobacterium avium complex. | | 1990 | 2383041 |
| comparison of in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare strains from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), patients without aids, and animal sources. | difloxacin, a-56620, cefazolin, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, cephapirin, sk&f 88070, and spectinomycin were used to compare the in vitro susceptibilities of mycobacterium avium-m. intracellular isolates from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), patients without aids, and diseased animals. against the isolates from humans without aids, the quinolone compounds difloxacin and a-56620 were found to be the most effective, each inhibiting 50% of strains at a concentration of 2 microgra ... | 1990 | 2386370 |
| binding of mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare to human leukocytes. | we examined nonopsonic binding of mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare (mai) by human leukocytes. macrophages (m phi) avidly bound fluorescently labeled mai in the absence of serum proteins. binding appeared to be mediated by a lineage-specific, proteinaceous receptor on m phi, since (i) binding of labeled bacteria could be competitively inhibited by unlabeled mai, (ii) treatment of m phi with trypsin ablated the ability of m phi to bind mai, and (iii) the capacity to bind mai was ob ... | 1990 | 2387629 |
| mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in clinical specimens: etiological factor or contaminant? | the mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai) group comprised 10.5% of all nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated in the mycobacterium reference laboratory, tel aviv, in an 11-year study period. from the buirej chest hospital in gaza, alone, 273 strains were isolated, representing 12.1% of the specimens from that hospital, while 149 strains (0.24% of all specimens) were isolated from all other institutions. pulmonary disease was attributed to this organism in 22 patients, 17 of whom were hospitaliz ... | 1990 | 2387708 |
| the emerging aids epidemic in ireland--clinicopathological findings in 23 early cases. | a longitudinal study with follow up to the end of 1989 was carried out on 23 patients with aids who had attended st. james's hospital, dublin, by the end of 1987. until then only 33 cases of aids had been reported in ireland. the patients, all of whom had antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), were predominantly male, young (mean age 31.3 years) and belonged about equally to three major risk groups: homosexuals, intravenous drug abusers (ivda) and haemophiliacs. aids was diagnosed bec ... | 1990 | 2391209 |
| comparative in vitro activity of win 57273, a new fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent. | the in vitro activity of win 57273, a new fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent, was evaluated against approximately 600 bacterial isolates. the new drug was 4- to 128-fold more active than ciprofloxacin against a broad range of gram-positive organisms, with the new drug inhibiting 90% of strains of each species except enterococcus faecium at concentrations of less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml. win 57273 was four- to eightfold less active than ciprofloxacin against many members of the family ... | 1990 | 2393275 |
| liposome-encapsulated-gentamicin therapy of mycobacterium avium complex infection in beige mice. | the efficacy of liposome-encapsulated gentamicin and free gentamicin was evaluated with the beige (c57bl/6j-bgj/bgj) mouse model of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection. approximately 10(7) viable m. avium complex cells were given intravenously. seven days later, treatment with either encapsulated or free gentamicin at 20 mg/kg of body weight was started. treatment was given daily for 5 consecutive days or twice weekly for 3 weeks. the mice were sacrificed 5 days after the last dos ... | 1990 | 2393294 |
| numerical taxonomy of mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria, emended description of mycobacterium avium, and description of mycobacterium avium subsp. avium subsp. nov., mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis subsp. nov., and mycobacterium avium subsp. silvaticum subsp. nov. | we performed a numerical taxonomy analysis of 38 mycobacterium paratuberculosis and related mycobacterial strains, including wood pigeon mycobacteria; this analysis was based on 22 tests, which were selected for their potential discriminative value from a total of 51 tests studied and produced four well-defined clusters. cluster 1 contained the m. paratuberculosis strains, including two strains isolated from crohn's disease patients; cluster 2 contained mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intr ... | 1990 | 2397193 |
| nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in heart transplant recipients: a seventeen-year experience. | a retrospective review was undertaken to determine the clinical features, outcome, and impact on survival of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in 14 (of 502) heart transplant recipients. the prevalence of these infections was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) during the precyclosporine than during the cyclosporine era. the mean interval from transplantation to diagnosis was 3.5 +/- 0.7 years (+/- sem). the 14 patients had a higher (p less than 0.05) linearized rejection rate than did ... | 1990 | 2398429 |
| clofazamine-induced generalized retinal degeneration. | clofazamine is an iminophenazine dye with antimycobacterial activity which has recently been used to treat mycobacterium avium complex infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the authors present the second report of a presumed clofazamine-induced bull's-eye maculopathy and generalized retinal degeneration in a patient with aids. the importance of closely following patients on clofazamine, especially those with aids who may be particularly susceptible to developing this to ... | 1990 | 2402554 |
| ethanol and survival of mycobacterium avium complex within macrophages. | | 1990 | 2405405 |
| clinical utility of liver biopsy in patients with serum antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus. | patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) frequently have liver dysfunction, which may be due to a number of causes. determination of the patients who are likely to benefit from liver biopsy, an invasive procedure, is therefore important. in this study, the results of liver biopsy in patients with aids were compared to those in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients without aids. | 1990 | 2405658 |
| mycobacterial infection and hiv disease. | mycobacteria infections are a common cause of morbidity among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the author presents an overview of the most common infections and suggests several treatment options and drug regimens. | 1990 | 2406557 |
| immunoassays of field isolates of mycobacterium bovis and other mycobacteria by use of monoclonal antibodies. | antigen extracts obtained by sonication of 22 strains of mycobacterium bovis from cattle and badgers together with extracts of strains of m. tuberculosis, m. paratuberculosis, m. avium, m. africanum, m. kansasi, m. leprae and bcg were examined with a panel of 10 monoclonal antibodies to m. tuberculosis or m. leprae. antigen extracts were coated in aqueous solution (wet coating) and the extracts were also dried on to the polyvinyl plates (dry coating). when dry coating was compared to wet coating ... | 1985 | 2409287 |
| specificity and distribution of alpha antigens of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, mycobacterium scrofulaceum, and related species of mycobacteria. | specificity of antigenic determinants in alpha antigens of mycobacterium avium, m. intracellulare, m. scrofulaceum, m. gordonae, and m. szulgai was investigated by the agar gel diffusion technique using the respective absorbed antialpha serum on a total of 225 strains classified into 13 species of slowly growing mycobacteria. the specific antigenic determinants in alpha antigen of m. scrofulaceum, m. gordonae, and m. szulgai were species specific, whereas those of m. avium and m. intracellulare ... | 1985 | 2409853 |
| unusual and newly recognized patterns of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection with emphasis on the immunocompromised host. | | 1986 | 2417184 |
| selective enzyme staining procedures for characterization of mycobacterial immunoprecipitates. | selective staining procedures for four different enzymes (malate dehydrogenase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, leucine aminopeptidase and glucose phosphate isomerase) in combination with two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis were successfully applied to the analysis of antigen preparations from mycobacteria. thus, a precipitate corresponding to malate dehydrogenase could e.g. be demonstrated in multi-linear precipitation patterns of mycobacterium avium, mycobacterium bovis bcg, mycobacterium ... | 1986 | 2417958 |
| [whipple's disease]. | | 1986 | 2426532 |
| the patterns of complex and partially purified mycobacterial antigens in macrophage migration inhibition testing. | in rabbits immunized intratarsally by m. tuberculosis, m. kansasii and m. avium the responses to homologous and heterologous antigens were assessed by direct and indirect macrophage migration inhibition tests. complex cytoplasmic antigens were obtained by disruption of bacterial mass and by ultracentrifugation of the supernatants. the partially purified antigens were prepared by gel chromatography of the complex antigens on a sephadex g 150 column. the middle fraction (260/280 ratio approx. 1, m ... | 1986 | 2426875 |
| [validation and development of an immunofluorescence method for isolating and identifying mycobacteria l forms]. | the complement fixation test and the immunofluorescence test have demonstrated that the l-forms of mycobacteria retain their species-specific and genus-specific determinants and possess serological activity. the l-variants obtained by different methods differ in size, depending on the degree of the destruction of their cell wall. specific antisera to the l-forms of mycobacteria, suitable for use in the indirect immunofluorescence test, have been obtained. these antisera are highly specific and p ... | 1986 | 2428189 |