| activities of clarithromycin against eight slowly growing species of nontuberculous mycobacteria, determined by using a broth microdilution mic system. | mics of clarithromycin against 324 clinical isolates belonging to eight species of slowly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria were determined by using a broth microdilution system. isolates were inoculated into twofold drug dilutions in middlebrook 7h9 broth (ph corrected to 7.4) and then incubated at 30 degrees c for 7 days for mycobacterium marinum and for 14 days for all other species. the mic for 90% of the strains (mic90) was less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml for isolates of mycobacte ... | 1992 | 1416891 |
| skin testing with recombinant mycobacterium intracellulare antigens. | the immunoreactivity of four recombinant mycobacterium intracellulare beta-galactosidase fusion proteins, which correspond to 22, 40, 43 and 85 kda m. intracellulare antigens, was assessed. lymphoproliferative assays demonstrated that escherichia coli lysates containing each of the fusion proteins stimulated t cells in vitro. purified preparations of three of these recombinant m. intracellulare antigens (22, 43 and 85 kda) also induced delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) reactions in sensitized ... | 1992 | 1421343 |
| [rhodococcus equi infection causing pulmonary malacoplakia in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome]. | rhodococcus equi is a pathogen for some animal species. it can cause opportunistic pulmonary infections in immunocompromised people. the authors describe such an infection that causes malacoplakia in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the likeness between lesions due to rhodococcus equi and those due to other opportunistic germs as mycobacterium avium-intracellulare is emphasized. | 1992 | 1388363 |
| acquisition of autoimmunity genes by new zealand mice is associated with natural resistance to infection by mycobacteria. | new zealand (nz) mouse strains comprise both autoimmune and non-autoimmune animals: nz black (nzb) mice and the f1 hybrid (nzb/w) of nzb and nz white (nzw) mice show spontaneous autoimmune disease by 6 months of age and die before the first year of age from renal disease, while nzw mice do not show autoimmune disorders. we investigated whether the autoimmunity-prone nz animals (nzb and nzb/w) differ from the non-autoimmune nzw mice in susceptibility/resistance to mycobacterial infection. the thr ... | 1992 | 1418300 |
| clarithromycin: review of a new macrolide antibiotic with improved microbiologic spectrum and favorable pharmacokinetic and adverse effect profiles. | to compare the new macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin with erythromycin in terms of in vitro activity, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, and toxicity. | 1992 | 1421677 |
| differential susceptibilities of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare to sodium nitrite. | sixty-seven of 72 strains of mycobacterium avium (93.1%) were resistant to sodium nitrite at a concentration of 3 mg/ml in 7h11 agar medium, while 57 of 59 strains of mycobacterium intracellulare (96.6%) were susceptible to the agent. the difference in the susceptibilities of m. avium and m. intracellulare to sodium nitrite is therefore useful for the differentiation of the two species. | 1992 | 1452672 |
| activity of defensins from human neutrophilic granulocytes against mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare. | we have examined the activity of defensins from human neutrophilic granulocytes against mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare. m. avium-m. intracellulare at 2.5 x 10(6)/ml or 2.5 x 10(8)/ml was cultured in the presence of defensins at 37 degrees c from 4 to 48 h. after incubation, cfu were enumerated. human neutrophil peptide 1 (hnp-1) at 5 micrograms/ml had the ability to kill m. avium-m. intracellulare. treatment with hnp-1 resulted in significant (96.3 to 97.7%) killing of m. avium ... | 1992 | 1398982 |
| identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare directly from primary bactec cultures by using acridinium-ester-labeled dna probes. | identification of members of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and the m. avium-m. intracellulare complex (mac) directly from primary bactec cultures was evaluated by using acridinium-ester-labeled dna probes (accuprobe; genprobe, inc., san diego, calif.). in preliminary experiments, blood present in samples was found to interfere with the assay because of nonspecific chemiluminescence, which was measured in relative light units (rlus). there was a direct relationship between the age of the ... | 1992 | 1401010 |
| [identification of mycobacteria by the acridinium-ester labeled dna probes for m. tuberculosis and m. avium-intracellulare complex in culture and its clinical application]. | the detectability of mycobacterium in culture by non-isotopic, chemiluminescent dna probes for mycobacterium tuberculosis (m. tuberculosis) and m. avium-intracellulare complex (mac) was evaluated and compared with that by 125i-labeled dna probe for the same mycobacteria. the sensitivity and specificity of the ae-dna probes for mac were 97.2% and 100%, respectively, for the conventional method and were both 100% for the 125i-labeled dna probes. the detection limits of the ae-dna probes tests for ... | 1992 | 1402066 |
| persistent diarrhea associated with aids. | chronic diarrhea and wasting are very common manifestations of aids in adults in developing countries. etiologic studies show that protozoa (including cryptosporidium parvum, isospora belli, and enterocytozoon bieniusi) and mycobacterium avium-intracellulara are the most frequently identified pathogens. limited data in children suggest that common enteric pathogens are equally as likely in hiv+ and hiv- babies. preliminary analysis of an ongoing longitudinal study of 469 babies born to mothers w ... | 1992 | 1421940 |
| antibody levels to the type-specific glycopeptidolipid antigens of mycobacterium avium in homosexual men: possible implications. | | 1992 | 1455065 |
| control of disease progress in mycobacterium avium-infected aids patients. | | 1992 | 1455066 |
| macrophages, mycobacteria and hiv: the role of cytokines in determining mycobacterial virulence and regulating viral replication. | the marriage of two scourges, one old (mycobacterial disease) and one new (hiv), has presented an enormous challenge to the medical and public health communities, and has stirred renewed interest in mechanisms for immune control of mycobacterial infection. virulence of both m. avium and m. tuberculosis appears to be inversely related to the capacity of the microorganisms to induce production of protective cytokines in infected hosts. tnf alpha and ifn gamma are central to this process, and mycob ... | 1992 | 1455067 |
| cytokines, lymphokines, mycobacteria and aids. | | 1992 | 1455068 |
| in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against the mycobacterium avium complex inside macrophages from hiv1-infected individuals: the link to clinical response to treatment? | | 1992 | 1455069 |
| [evaluation of the alkaline-phosphatase labeled dna probes for mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex]. | non-radioisotopic, alkaline phosphatase-labeled dna (ap-dna) probe tests for the identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtb) and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were evaluated. the overall agreement, sensitivity and specificity of the ap-dna probes for mtb and mac were 100% respectively compared with the conventional biochemical method. because the procedure is rapid (it can be completed approximately 120 min), safe (it does not use radioisotopes) and convenient (it does not nee ... | 1992 | 1402115 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of mycobacterium paratuberculosis promoters in escherichia coli. | dna fragments from mycobacterium paratuberculosis were cloned in the promoter probe plasmid pko1. of 957 recombinant dna clones, 24 induced synthesis of galactokinase (the reporter gene) when these plasmids were transformed into an escherichia coli strain deficient for the enzyme. a dna insert from one putative promoter-containing plasmid, designated pag5, was sequenced and shown to contain, a characteristic rna polymerase binding site, a probable ribosomal binding site and a putative open readi ... | 1992 | 1455629 |
| a new glycolipid from mycobacterium avium--mycobacterium intracellulare complex. | from a nonpolar lipid fraction of mycobacterium avium--mycobacterium intracellulare complex cell mass, a new glycolipid was obtained, which was shown to be 5-mycoloyl-beta-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->2)-5-mycoloyl-alpha-ar abinofuranosyl- (1-->1')-glycerol. when examined by tlc, all the 12 strains of this species tested, including clinical isolates, were found to contain this glycolipid. but the glycolipid was not detected in mycobacterium bovis bcg or mycobacterium tubrculosis h37rv. | 1992 | 1420348 |
| mycobacterium avium-intracellulare endocarditis causing rupture: replacement and repair with aortic homograft. | aortic valve endocarditis with extension to the tricuspid annulus and ventricular septum in an intravenous drug abuser - with mycobacterium avium-intracellulare identified as the offending organism - forms the basis of this report. the aortic root and ventricular septal defect were successfully repaired using an aortic cryopreserved homograft. this case is of particular interest because m avium-intracellulare has not been recognized as a cause of endocarditis. the incidence of atypical organisms ... | 1992 | 1422994 |
| a simple and rapid method for the detection and identification of mycobacteria using mycobactin. | a system was developed for the identification of mycobacteria such as mycobacterium tuberculosis and m. avium, by thin layer chromatography of 55fe-labelled mycobactin. approximately 2 x 10(3) mycobacteria were detected within 24 h and little operator time or skill was required. m. avium, m. intracellulare and m. scrofulaceum were found to have lower requirements for iron than other mycobacteria and this may influence their growth in host organisms. | 1992 | 1404329 |
| bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of antituberculosis drugs against mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex and mycobacterium kansasii in different growth phases. | bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of rifampicin, isoniazid, streptomycin, enviomycin and ethambutol against mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycobacterium avium--m. intracellulare complex and mycobacterium kansasii were studied in different growth phases. bacteriostatic activities of the drugs were similar in different growth phases, except isoniazid. m. tuberculosis was much less susceptible to isoniazid in the lag phase than in the log and the stationary phases. in contrast, bactericidal a ... | 1992 | 1406364 |
| effectiveness of the macrolide clarithromycin in the treatment of mycobacterium avium complex infection in hiv-infected patients. | in a randomized double-blind study, nine mycobacteremic patients with aids-related disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection received clarithromycin or placebo in addition to a basic regimen that included isoniazid, ethambutol and clofazimine. all four patients receiving clarithromycin showed blood culture conversion and clinical response. of the five patients treated without clarithromycin, two showed resolution of mycobacteremia and clinical response, while another two died with ... | 1992 | 1428183 |
| induction of cellular immune reactions by a36, an antigen complex of mycobacterium paratuberculosis: comparison of a36 and johnin components. | paratuberculosis (johne's disease) is a chronic enteritis syndrome of ruminants, which is due to infection by mycobacterium paratuberculosis. cutaneous testing with proteins extracted from a mycobacterial culture fluid (johnin-ppd) is currently used to evaluate the cellular immune status. we have compared the components of johnin-ppd with those of the a36 complex, a thermostable macromolecular antigen (tma) present in the cytoplasm and associated with the cell wall of m. paratuberculosis. the pr ... | 1992 | 1462120 |
| cytokine activation of killer cells in mycobacterial immunity. | mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai) is an ubiquitous soil contaminant that rarely causes disseminated disease in adults, regardless of immunological status. in aids patients, however, this microorganism invades virtually every tissue and organ, and most conventional chemotherapeutic agents are usually ineffective against mai. we report here that monocytes, in which mai has established an intracellular parasitic stage, appear to be under the control of natural killer (nk) cells. autologous l ... | 1992 | 1414586 |
| correlation between inhibitory effect of quinolones and mycolic acid metabolism in mycobacteria. | mycolic acids are important components having a significant role in maintaining the rigidity of mycobacterial cell wall. they could also be the barrier for penetration of certain drugs into the bacterial cell. a novel in vitro model system was established for assessing the effect of ciproflaxacin on mycolic acid metabolism in pathogenic mycobacteria m. kansasii (which has similar mycolic acid pattern to that from m. leprae) and the effect of norfloxacin in m. intracellulare. these test mycobacte ... | 1992 | 1431322 |
| systemic dissemination by a newly recognized intestinal microsporidia species in aids. | primarily to determine whether an intestinal microsporidian recently identified in aids patients disseminates from the bowel to infect other organs. | 1992 | 1466846 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis and serologic characterization of the mycobacterium intracellulare homologue of the mycobacterium tuberculosis 19 kda antigen. | disseminated mycobacterium avium/mycobacterium intracellulare complex (mac) disease is a frequent complication in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). in this report, we present the nucleotide sequence of the m. intracellulare mi22 gene. computer sequence comparisons reveal that the mi22 gene, which encodes a serologically active protein, has 78% dna sequence identity and 77% protein sequence identity with the seroreactive 19 kda mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoprotein an ... | 1992 | 1445568 |
| postantibiotic effect of amikacin and rifapentine against mycobacterium avium complex. | postantibiotic effect (pae) has received little attention in the therapy of chronic intracellular infections, such as those caused by mycobacteria. amikacin is active therapeutically against mycobacterium avium complex, even though serum levels exceed the mic for only a few hours. to determine the pae of amikacin and rifapentine for m. avium, bacteria were exposed to concentrations of 1x, 4x, and 10x the mic of each drug for up to 120 min. regrowth of m. avium was compared with similarly diluted ... | 1992 | 1445599 |
| defining the population of human immunodeficiency virus-infected children at risk for mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection. | we reviewed the 22 cases of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai) infection that occurred among 196 human immunodeficiency virus-infected children seen at the national cancer institute pediatric branch from december 1986 through april 1991, and an additional 65 charts from children with cultures negative for mai. all patients with proven mai were receiving antiretroviral therapy with zidovudine, dideoxyinosine, or a combination of zidovudine and dideoxycytidine. all patients had disseminated ... | 1992 | 1432413 |
| copyrine alkaloids: synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and antimycotic/antimycobacterial activity of a- and b-ring-functionalized sampangines. | several a- and b-ring-substituted sampangines were synthesized and evaluated for antifungal and antimycobacterial activity against aids-related opportunistic infection pathogens. electrophilic halogenation provided a channel for structural elaboration of the sampangine b-ring at position 4, while the synthesis of a-ring 3-substituted sampangines and benzo[4,5]sampangine (24) were achieved from the corresponding functionalized cleistopholines. two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy was used to rigorous ... | 1992 | 1433213 |
| a biphasic system for primary isolation of mycobacteria compared to solid medium and broth culture. | a biphasic culture system, the mb check, was compared with conventional culture on löwenstein-jensen egg (lj) solid medium and with bactec broth culture for primary isolation of mycobacteria from clinical samples. a total of 104 mycobacterial isolates was detected from 985 samples examined by the three methods. the most sensitive primary isolation was with lj culture and mb check; these methods detected 93% and 87% of all positive cultures, respectively. mb check allowed a somewhat more rapid de ... | 1992 | 1433255 |
| [a case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and disseminated atypical mycobacteriosis complicating chronic myelogenous leukemia]. | a 47-year-old woman with chronic myelogenous leukemia was treated with daily busulfan (total dose approximately 500 mg) from december 1988 to january 1990. the disease thereafter remained stable with no evidence of blastic transformation. in february 1990 she developed productive cough and abnormal acinar lung shadows appeared transiently on her chest x-ray. in october 1990, productive cough and linear and abnormal acinar lung shadows reappeared. expectorated sputa contained acid-fast bacilli (g ... | 1992 | 1447857 |
| [rapid diagnosis of mycobacteria, especially mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex, using mb check system]. | fourty-five sputum specimens were subjected to isolation for mycobacteria either mb check system (mb method; f. hoffmann-la roche ltd., basel, switzerland) or 3% ogawa egg medium (ogawa method). test sputum was treated with 4 volumes of 4% naoh for 1-2 min and 0.1 ml of the resulting mixture was inoculated onto 3% ogawa egg medium. the remaining portion of the mixture was neutralized with in hcl, diluted with 1/15 m phosphate buffer (pb; ph 6.8), and subsequently centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 20 ... | 1992 | 1434318 |
| gastrointestinal obstruction due to mycobacterium avium intracellulare associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | three patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) had complete or incomplete gastrointestinal obstruction resulting from infection with mycobacterium avium intracellulare. the pathophysiologic mechanisms of the obstruction in the three cases were ileal volvulus due to adhesions from matted infected mesenteric lymph nodes, ileal intussusception due to engorged infected ileal mucosa, and small bowel displacement and compression by massively enlarged infected intraabdominal lymph no ... | 1992 | 1449151 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium complex in non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected pediatric patients. | | 1992 | 1454440 |
| selection of resistant mutants of mycobacterium avium in beige mice by clarithromycin monotherapy. | beige mice were inoculated intravenously with 10(7.90) cfu of mycobacterium avium 101. among the untreated control mice, when the mean cfu per spleen increased to a level greater than 10(8), small numbers of organisms resistant to clarithromycin (clari) were isolated from some of the spleens; the frequency of clari-resistant mutants was estimated to be between 10(-8) and 10(-9). in mice treated with 200 mg of clari per kg of body weight six times weekly, however, clari-resistant organisms were i ... | 1992 | 1482155 |
| activity of clarithromycin compared with those of other drugs against mycobacterium paratuberculosis and further enhancement of its extracellular and intracellular activities by ethambutol. | radiometric mics of clarithromycin, a new macrolide drug, were determined against five mycobactin-dependent strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis (including two crohn's disease clinical isolates) and compared with those of other drugs which included rifampin, ethambutol, amikacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and sparfloxacin. among the drugs screened, clarithromycin was the drug for which mics were lowest against the five strains tested. as mics were significantly below the reported cmax level ... | 1992 | 1482157 |
| [clinical characteristics of the patients with primary infection of mycobacterium avium complex]. | clinical characteristics are analyzed in patients with primary infection of mycobacterium avium complex (mac). the definition of primary infection of mac are determined as follows; 1) mac is found several times since the beginning of the disease, 2) clinical symptoms or abnormal shadow corresponding to mac infection on chest roentgenogram, 3) no old tuberculous lesions nor other abnormal shadows like bronchiectasis, 4) no abnormal serological results suggesting other bacterial or viral infection ... | 1992 | 1434320 |
| detection and identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis, m. bovis/bcg, and m. avium by two-step polymerase chain reaction. comparison with elisa using a60 antigen. | we propose a rapid two-step pcr to amplify a 767-bp sequence present in the gene coding for the 65-kd antigen of mycobacteria. the high g+c content (80%) permitted annealing to occur at 70 degrees c, enhancing the specificity. the amplified fragment contains a restriction site for differentiation between m. tuberculosis, m. bovis/bcg, and m. avium. complete diagnosis can be achieved in less than four hours without labelled probe or nucleic acid transfer. | 1992 | 1435347 |
| mycobacteria as cofactors in aids. | | 1992 | 1455062 |
| epidemiology of mycobacterial diseases in aids. | | 1992 | 1455063 |
| mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection of an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator. | | 1992 | 1442513 |
| clinical aspects of mycobacterial infections in hiv infection. | | 1992 | 1455064 |
| nontuberculous mycobacterial disease of the lungs in singapore. | information on lung disease due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) is lacking in singapore. a review of the records at the central tuberculosis laboratory up to the end of 1988 showed that 23 patients seen between 1976 to 1988 inclusive had cultures which were repeatedly positive for ntm. of the 23 cases analyzed, 15 were found to have lung disease which could be attributed to ntm. there were 9 males and 6 females with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. the patients were either middle aged or el ... | 1992 | 1455269 |
| protein antigens secreted by mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | proteins secreted by mycobacterium paratuberculosis (m.ptb) during short-term cultivations were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and western(immuno) blotting. cultivation in a defined medium containing 35s methionine allowed autoradiographic detection of proteins which had been secreted or passively released by actively metabolizing m.ptb organisms. after the first 3 days of cultivation, 4 proteins with molecular weights of approximately 38, 50, 65 ... | 1992 | 1492518 |
| clarithromycin is effective against m. avium complex in aids. | | 1992 | 1456199 |
| nonspecificity of the anda a60-tb elisa test for serodiagnosis of mycobacterial disease. | the conventional methods for the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases are time consuming and beyond the scope of most of the small and medium-sized hospital facilities. therefore, there has been considerable interest in the development of a serological method for the detection of antibodies against mycobacteria. we recently evaluated a commercially available elisa test (anda biologicals, strasbourg, france) that measures antibody levels to a60 antigen, a membrane ... | 1992 | 1458372 |
| mycobacterium avium rough-to-smooth colony conversion resulting from growth in tween 80 without presence of type-specific glycopeptidolipid antigens. | growth of a mycobacterium avium complex serotype 20 rough-colony variant in 1.0% tween 80 resulted in a smooth-colony morphological conversion that was reversible upon removal of tween and was not associated with the presence of serotype-specific glycopeptidolipid antigens. electron microscopic examination suggested the role of an outer layer in the tween-related morphological modification. | 1992 | 1459410 |
| polymerase chain reaction detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp silvaticum in long term cultures from crohn's disease and control tissues. | thirty one cultures were established in mg3 medium from the intestinal tissues of 29 patients, including 18 with crohn's disease, five with ulcerative colitis, and six non-inflammatory bowel disease controls. all cultures grew either acid fast bacilli or uncharacterized spheroplasts. pellets from these cultures were coded and assayed blind for m paratuberculosis and m avium subsp silvaticum using is900- and is902-pcr (polymerase chain reaction) assays, respectively. is900 and is902 are multicopy ... | 1992 | 1427373 |
| catatonia in a patient with aids-related dementia. | | 1992 | 1459973 |
| [serological studies of synanthropic birds for infection by m. avium]. | examination for m. avium contamination covered 702 specimens of the synanthropic birds of 6 species (hooded crows, daws, rooks, magpies, sparrows, starlings) which was carried out in 13 landscape-epizootic areas of the northern zone of the low volga region. contamination was studied by a serological test (ait) using the m. avium extract and dry avian tuberculin as an antigen in the parallel tests. it was found that 96 (23%) of the 416 specimens from the right bank of the volga and 65 (22.72%) of ... | 1992 | 1461906 |
| graft failure disclosing disseminated mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection. | | 1992 | 1464017 |
| tumor necrosis factor-alpha in pediatric hiv-1 infection. | to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) levels in hiv-1-infected children. | 1992 | 1472332 |
| zidovudine-induced restoration of cell-mediated immunity to mycobacteria in immunodeficient hiv-infected patients. | to describe a localized form of mycobacterium avium intracellulare (mai) infection occurring concurrently with the restoration of cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) responses to mycobacterial antigens after commencement of zidovudine therapy in immunodeficient hiv-infected patients. | 1992 | 1472334 |
| serological response to purified mycobacterial phosphatidylinositol mannoside in healthy controls and in patients with tuberculosis and leprosy. | the serological response to a monoclonal antibody-defined phosphatidylinositol mannoside (l4-pim) present in all mycobacteria was examined in patients with various mycobacterial diseases and healthy subjects from different populations. igg but not igm antibodies were detected in most patients with untreated lepromatous (84%) or borderline lepromatous (65%) leprosy, but in only a minority of those with disease at the tuberculoid end of the leprosy spectrum (< 17% positive). the response to l4-pim ... | 1992 | 1474276 |
| comparison of subjective and objective test evaluations for use of mycobacterium phlei-adsorbed serum in a dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of paratuberculosis in cattle. | use of a dot-elisa with serum adsorbed with mycobacterium phlei or with nonadsorbed serum was compared. in addition, results attained using visual observation were compared with those obtained using a densitometer. infection status of cattle was determined by results of culture of feces from a number of cattle with various degrees of exposure (low prevalence and test-negative) and disease manifestation (clinical suspect vs subclinical infection). two paratuberculosis-negative herds, fecal cultur ... | 1992 | 1510315 |
| evaluation of new anti-infective drugs for the treatment and prevention of infections caused by the mycobacterium avium complex. infectious diseases society of america and the food and drug administration. | the bacteria of the mycobacterium avium complex are ubiquitous; thus it is often difficult to distinguish environmental contamination from colonization or infection. patients with either pulmonary or disseminated infection may be enrolled in clinical trials. disseminated disease occurs mostly in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. in general, a randomized, active-control, double-blinded clinical trial is preferred; there should at least be a blinded evaluator. with regard to ... | 1992 | 1477245 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii in a rat model of infection by polymerase chain reaction. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was employed to detect pneumocystis carinii in organs of infected rats. using a pair of oligonucleotides designed to the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene of rat p. carinii, specific amplification of an expected 415 bp region of p. carinii dhfr dna of this organism was achieved, while no amplification occurred with the human, candida albicans, and mycobacterium avium and tuberculosis dnas. using rat p. carinii isolated from in vitro cultures and infected lun ... | 1992 | 1513343 |
| in vitro, in vivo, and intracellular chemotherapeutic activity of b746, a clofazimine analogue against mycobacterium avium complex. | b746, an analogue of clofazimine, was compared with the parent compound for its activity against mycobacterium avium complex (mac), using several methods. all the studies using simulated in vivo conditions, and those with macrophages from healthy mice or from those treated with these drugs, revealed b746 to be similar to clofazimine. when used alone against experimental mac infections in beige mice, b746 required an optimal dose of 20 mg/kg. at that dose it proved to be inferior to clofazimine, ... | 1992 | 1477384 |
| evaluation of syngene dna-dna probe assays for the identification of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and the mycobacterium avium complex. | two hundred mycobacterial cultures were used to evaluate two alkaline-phosphatase-labeled dna probe (snap) kits developed by syngene (san diego, ca) for identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and m. avium complex. the m. tuberculosis complex snap probe, when compared with standard biochemical identification tests, gave results that were in agreement at 100% sensitivity and 98.7% specificity. ninety-nine m. avium complex strains that were previously tested by the gen-probe m. avium ... | 1992 | 1478047 |
| mycobacterium intracellulare soft tissue infection. | | 1992 | 1479085 |
| efficacies of liposome-encapsulated streptomycin and ciprofloxacin against mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare complex infections in human peripheral blood monocyte/macrophages. | current treatments of disseminated infection caused by the mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare complex (mac) are generally ineffective. liposome-mediated delivery of antibiotics to mac-infected tissues in vivo can enhance the efficacy of the drugs (n. düzgüneş, v. k. perumal, l. kesavalu, j. a. goldstein, r. j. debs, and p. r. j. gangadharam, antimicrob. agents chemother. 32:1404-1411, 1988; n. düzgüneş, d. a. ashtekar, d. l. flasher, n. ghori, r. j. debs, d. s. friend, and p. r. j. gangadhara ... | 1992 | 1482150 |
| on another case of tenosynovitis due to mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. | | 1992 | 1483322 |
| pneumocystis carinii and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection of the choroid. | it has been hypothesized that coinfection with mycobacteria occurs in patients with pneumocystis carinii choroiditis, but cases demonstrating ocular infection by both organisms have not been reported. this study reports the case of a patient with p. carinii choroiditis who was treated with intravenous trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, followed by intravenous trimethoprim and dapsone. the choroidal lesions failed to resolve despite 6 weeks of treatment, and the patient died from massive pulmonar ... | 1992 | 1485017 |
| evaluation of the septi-chek afb system in the recovery of mycobacteria. | the performance of the septi-chek afb system (roche) in the isolation of mycobacteria was compared to that of culture on lowenstein-jensen (lj) medium and the bactec radiometric system. the septi-chek afb system detected a significantly higher number of positive specimens (62/66 versus 47/66 for bactec and 39/56 for lj medium) and was more often the only medium in which an isolate was recovered. the average time for detection of isolates was very similar for the septi-chek afb and bactec systems ... | 1992 | 1486886 |
| [the bone marrow in human hiv infection. a bioptic study of 125 cases]. | bone marrow biopsies from 125 patients at different stages of hiv infection were examined and the histopathological changes are described. indications for biopsy included peripheral blood abnormalities, search for opportunistic pathogens, a suspected lymphoma or evaluation of its progression. common histopathological features, suggestive of hiv infection but non-pathognomonic, were: severe hypercellularity (43.2%), myelodysplasia (74.4%), plasmocytosis (86.4%), and lymphocytic (36.8%) and histio ... | 1992 | 1524353 |
| [monokine production by mouse peritoneal macrophages after phagocytosis of mycobacteria]. | it is well known that monokines, il-1 (interleukin-1) and tnf (tumor necrosis factor), are produced by macrophages after stimulated with various agents. these cytokines are involved in various aspects of the inflammatory process and immunological response in addition to their original activities to proliferate t lymphocytes and causing tumor necrosis, respectively. recently, there have been reported that il-1 and tnf also play an important role in mycobacterial infections such as granuloma forma ... | 1992 | 1487453 |
| [in vitro susceptibilities of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare to new macrolides, new quinolones, and antituberculous drugs on dubos agar medium]. | mycobacterium avium and m. intracellulare were isolated from the sputum of patients infected with atypical mycobacteria using 1% ogawa medium and identified by the dna probe test. then the mics of various kinds of drugs against these mycobacterial species were determined on dubos agar medium, and the drug susceptibilities were also determined on 1% ogawa medium in parallel. the drugs tested were new macrolides, such as clarithromycin (cam) and roxithromycin (rxm), new quinolones, such as ofloxac ... | 1992 | 1487866 |
| immunohistochemical demonstration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein and interleukin-1 in human lymphoid tissue and granulomas. | human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist protein (irap) is a specific antagonist of interleukin 1 (il-1) action in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. presently, the significance of this protein in human pathophysiology is unknown. in the present study, monoclonal antibodies against irap were prepared and used to demonstrate irap expression in human tissues, immunohistochemically. specifically, this study focused on lymphoid tissues and granulomatous inflammatory reactions since il-1 i ... | 1992 | 1531398 |
| [mycobacterioses in patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. | | 1992 | 1488438 |
| tiny echogenic foci in the liver and kidney in patients with aids: not always due to disseminated pneumocystis carinii. | | 1992 | 1489361 |
| the in-vitro bactericidal activities of combinations of antimicrobial agents against clinical isolates of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. | the in-vitro activities of five antimicrobial agents (rifabutin, clarithromycin, ethambutol, ciprofloxacin and amikacin), alone and in combination, were evaluated against 21 strains of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare isolated from patients with aids. the combined activities of these agents were studied on solid medium by a full chequerboard method. synergy was demonstrated most frequently (28-71% of isolates) with those combinations that included ethambutol. in killing curve experiments where ... | 1992 | 1493981 |
| mycobacteria as a cause of infective exacerbation in bronchiectasis. | in 91 patients with bronchiectasis seen over 6 years, a positive mycobacterial culture was obtained in 12 cases (13%). the organisms isolated were mycobacterium tuberculosis in nine cases, mycobacterium avium in two cases and mycobacterium tuberculosis and chelonei were obtained on separate occasions in one case. computed tomography and/or bronchography showed that the bronchiectatic changes commonly involved the lower lobes and to a lesser extent, the middle and lingula lobes. in none of these ... | 1992 | 1494510 |
| control of acyl-coa carboxylase activity in mycobacteria. | acyl-coa carboxylase activity in four pathogenic mycobacteria and mycobacterium smegmatis was shown with both acetyl-coa and propionyl-coa substrates. only very low activity was detected in mycobacteria grown in host tissues or on egg-based media rich in lecithin and avidin. this appeared to be a result of severe depression of activity, as strains which could be grown both in host tissue and egg-based media, and in the relatively simple dubos or sauton's media showed 8 to 120-fold higher activit ... | 1992 | 1537546 |
| recognizing and managing mycobacterial diseases in clients with aids. | mycobacterial diseases are common in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus. mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) and mycobacterium avium intracellulare (mai), the specific pathogens most frequently involved, cause pulmonary tuberculosis and disseminated mai infections. pulmonary tuberculosis incidence was on the decline from 1950 to 1985, but since 1985 has been on the rise worldwide. prior to the onset of aids, mai infections were rare in humans. however, disseminated mai seems to be as ... | 1992 | 1495596 |
| [tuberculosis and mycobacterioses in hiv infection]. | | 1992 | 1496255 |
| [infectious respiratory complications of aids]. | respiratory infections are particularly frequent in hiv infection. they depend upon the degree of immunodeficiency, the geographical region and a possible prophylaxis. bronchopneumopathies caused by pyogenic organisms (notably pneumococci) appear when the number of t4 lymphocytes is little reduced. pulmonary tuberculosis, particularly frequent in africans and haitians, occurs in patients with moderate immunodeficiency (t4 between 200 and 300/mm3). hiv infections modify the epidemiology of tuberc ... | 1992 | 1465366 |
| skin test reactivity to atypical mycobacteria among healthy finnish preschool children vaccinated with bcg vaccine at birth. | skin test reactivity to three mycobacterial sensitins (m. avium, m. fortuitum and m. scrofulaceum) was studied in 353 healthy children vaccinated with the bcg vaccine at birth. a significant waning of reactivity to all of the three sensitins was found to occur with increasing age. revaccination against measles, parotitis and rubella had been given to 31 (9%) of the children, all aged > 5.5 years. they had significantly larger reactions sizes, which was contrary to what was expected. children wit ... | 1992 | 1467612 |
| tenosynovitis due to mycobacterium avium-intracellulare: case report and a review of the literature. | a 57-year-old female patient presented with a tenosynovitis due to mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai). a relapse occurred following surgical treatment, after which she was successfully treated with ansamycin and ethambutol. previously reported cases of tenosynovitis due to mai are reviewed and the treatment modalities are discussed. | 1992 | 1505110 |
| isolation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis after oral inoculation in uninfected cattle. | feces from cows naturally infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis was given to 6 uninfected heifers by orogastric intubation, to determine whether ingested organisms could be passively excreted and detected by bacteriologic culture of feces (ie, false-positive result). heifers were paired, and each pair received a different dose of feces on days 1 and 2. fecal samples were collected from the heifers 3 times daily. mycobacterium paratuberculosis was detected in fecal samples of all heifers w ... | 1992 | 1510305 |
| differentiation between mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare by thin-layer chromatography of lipid fraction after incubation with [35s]methionine. | mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare are differentiated from each other by thin-layer chromatography of lipid fraction extracted after incubation with [35s]methionine. the former contained a petroleum ether-soluble sulfolipid and the latter did not. | 1992 | 1513266 |
| intracellular growth of mycobacterium avium in human macrophages is linked to the increased synthesis of prostaglandin e2 and inhibition of the phagosome-lysosome fusions. | a virulent strain of mycobacterium avium grew actively inside human adherent peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages. bacteria were always confined to the phagosome compartment and were encapsulated. cytochemical labeling of acid phosphatase using transmission electron microscopy showed a strong inhibition of the phagosome-lysosome fusions (plf) in macrophages as not more than 25-30% bacteria containing phagosome at any time effectively fused with lysosomes. in case of a positive fusion ev ... | 1992 | 1515156 |
| effect of indomethacin on the modulation of mycobacterium avium growth in human macrophages by interferon gamma, retinoic acid and 1,25(oh)2-vitamin d3. | a virulent strain of mycobacterium avium was grown actively inside human adherent peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages with enhanced synthesis of prostaglandin e2 (pge2). we therefore decided to investigate if the inability of human macrophages to control m. avium infection could be reversed using various immunomodulators, i.e. retinoic acid (ra), 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin d3 (d3) and interferon gamma (ifn gamma) alone or in combination, and whether this reversal was further potentiated by ... | 1992 | 1515157 |
| induction and expression of protective t cells during mycobacterium avium infections in mice. | mycobacterium avium is an opportunistic pathogen that infects individuals suffering from chronic lung disease or immunocompromised patients such as aids patients. here we show that a highly virulent isolate of m. avium proliferated as extensively in t cell deficient as in immunocompetent mice. t cell deficient mice allowed a progressive growth of a less virulent aids-derived isolate of m. avium while immunocompetent mice arrested the growth of this isolate. adoptive transfer of t cell enriched s ... | 1992 | 1544223 |
| mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare chromatotypes defined by curvilinear gradient hplc of mycolic acids. | seventy-nine strains of mycobacterium avium complex bacteria (mac), previously characterized by genetic probe analysis, were assayed using two methods of reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) that employed curvilinear gradients. although different in column length and cycle time, the methods produced equivalent results, yielding seven distinct chromatographic patterns (chromatotypes) of m. avium and m. intracellulare based on the ratio of mycolate concentrations in the late ... | 1992 | 1516806 |
| factors associated with tuberculin reactivity among the foreign-born in montreal. | because tuberculosis among the foreign-born is of increasing importance in north america, it has recently been recommended that newly arriving immigrants be tuberculin tested and preventive therapy given to all those with significant reactions. the factors affecting the prevalence of tuberculin reactions were assessed in a community-based tuberculin survey among foreign-born schoolchildren and young adults. of 1,198 foreign-born who were tuberculin tested, 32.4% had significant tuberculin reacti ... | 1992 | 1519858 |
| chronic mycobacterium avium complex infection of the central nervous system in a nonimmunosuppressed woman. | we report the case of a woman who developed chronic meningitis and a brain abscess due to mycobacterium avium, without immunosuppressed state. she was treated with antituberculous drugs but the infection progressed and she died 4 years after first becoming ill. the occurrence of cns infection with m. avium in the absence of acquired immunosuppression is rare. its diagnosis is difficult, delaying clinical recognition and appropriate therapy. | 1992 | 1521552 |
| comparison of the abilities of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare to infect and multiply in cultured human macrophages from normal and human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects. | patients with aids commonly develop disseminated infections with mycobacterium avium (ma) but not its close relative, m. intracellulare (mi). in non-aids patients who have these infections, the two species are about equally distributed. the higher incidence of infection with ma than with mi in aids patients might be due to the selective susceptibility of these patients to ma. this possibility was tested by comparing the abilities of ma and mi to infect and replicate in cultured macrophages from ... | 1992 | 1500179 |
| characterization of a distinct group of slowly growing mycobacteria by biochemical tests and lipid analyses. | a group of slowly growing mycobacterial strains (n = 14) isolated from respiratory tract specimens was collected from 1971 to 1990 on the basis of growth characteristics and uncommon biochemical and glycolipid profiles. growth at 25 to 45 degrees c, a negative tween 80 hydrolysis test, a strong positive reaction in a 14-day arylsulfatase test, and susceptibility to ethambutol in combination with resistance to cycloserine were important for the initial separation. the strains had a distinctive gl ... | 1992 | 1500501 |
| immunoglobulin a (iga) and igg serum antibodies to mycobacterial antigens in crohn's disease patients and their relatives. | sera from patients with crohn's disease, their relatives, their spouses, and unrelated healthy controls were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin g (igg) and iga antibodies to mycobacterium tuberculosis, m. avium, and m. gordonae. the patients had significantly higher iga responses to mycobacterial antigens than did either their relatives or the controls. on the other hand, both the patients and their relatives had significantly higher igg responses against these antig ... | 1992 | 1500507 |
| interferon-gamma treatment for mycobacterium avium-intracellular complex bacillemia in patients with aids. | | 1992 | 1500760 |
| isolation of cultivable mycobacteria from feces and lungs of armadillos infected with mycobacterium leprae. | in the past, no cultivable mycobacteria were isolated from armadillos captured in the state of florida, u.s.a. but recent findings of acid-fast bacilli (afb) in the lungs of armadillos infected with mycobacterium leprae prompted us to undertake this study to determine the correlation between systemic leprosy infection and the occurrence of cultivable mycobacteria in the lungs and stools of these animals. no afb could be isolated from noninfected animals. seventy percent of the infected animals d ... | 1992 | 1522365 |
| macrophage inflammatory proteins mip-1 and mip-2 are involved in t cell-mediated neutrophil recruitment. | mice intraperitoneally (i.p.) infected with mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) respond to an i.p. challenge with mycobacterial antigen with an acute and extensive accumulation of neutrophils. this influx was not mimicked by the inoculation of recombinant interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha). the antigen-induced recruitment of neutrophils was not affected by coinoculation of anti-ifn-gamma antibodies, was enhanced by anti-tnf-alpha antisera, and w ... | 1992 | 1522389 |
| comparative ability of human monocytes and macrophages to control the intracellular growth of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium tuberculosis: effect of interferon-gamma and indomethacin. | intracellular growth of mycobacterium avium and m. tuberculosis h37rv was compared both in human peripheral blood monocytes and in cultured macrophages. the cells were treated with 300 u of human recombinant interferon-gamma (ifn gamma) either 48 h prior to phagocytosis or after infection. in some cases, indomethacin (ind, a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin-e2 synthesis), was added immediately after infection of macrophages. ifn gamma pretreatment of monocytes resulted in about 50% lesser uptak ... | 1992 | 1524839 |
| distinctive western blot antibody patterns induced by infection of mice with individual strains of the mycobacterium avium complex. | systemic infection of mice with organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) induced antibody responses, characteristic for each of the three tested individual strains. the influence of host genetic factors was reflected up to 3 months after infection by the finding of generally oligobanded and multibanded western blot patterns in c57b1/6 and balb/c mice, respectively. nevertheless, more bands developed at 6 months in c57bl/6 mice. the response to three antigens of 18,000, 38,000 and 24,00 ... | 1992 | 1526646 |
| clarithromycin minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations against mycobacterium avium. | minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (mic and mbc) of clarithromycin were determined with 49 mycobacterium avium strains isolated from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the inhibitory activity depended on the ph of the medium: the drug was more active at ph 7.4 and less active at ph 5.0, with activity at ph 6.8 in an intermediate position. the broth-determined mic found at ph 7.4 were 0.25 and 0.5 micrograms/ml for most strains. the agar-determined mic for most stra ... | 1992 | 1532486 |
| acquired resistance of mai to clarithromycin. | | 1992 | 1533999 |
| [the most frequent clinical symptoms of aids and their treatment]. | | 1992 | 1535970 |
| [diagnostic problems in infectious colitis in the framework of an hiv infection]. | between 1988/89 1207 hiv-positive patients were registered at the medical policlinic of the university hospital zurich. in 57 of these patients colonoscopy or rectosigmoidoscopy was performed because of serious symptoms or symptoms refractory to therapy (diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, massive abdominal pain, weight loss). 24/57 (42%) had a negative colonoscopy and in 6/57 patients (10%) kaposi's sarcoma was found. 14/57 (25%) had unspecific colitis. in 13/57 (23%) cases with colitis, one or multiple ... | 1992 | 1535996 |
| major proteins of mycobacterial strain icrc and mycobacterium leprae, identified by antibodies in sera from leprosy patients and their contacts. | sera from leprosy patients across the clinical spectrum, healthy contacts, tuberculosis patients, and healthy donors were tested for their reactivity with antigens of mycobacterial strain icrc (a cultivable mycobacterium) and mycobacterium leprae by immunoprecipitation technique. using m. leprae antigens, it was not possible to distinguish between reactivities of sera from lepromatous, borderline lepromatous, borderline tuberculoid, and tuberculoid leprosy patients. all these sera identified m. ... | 1992 | 1537902 |