| [clinicopathological features of atypical mycobacterial infections]. | | 1989 | 2614197 |
| [present status of pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis in community general hospitals]. | during five years from 1983 to 1987, 110 cases isolating atypical mycobacteria were observed in 13 general hospitals in tokyo, chiba and kanagawa. of these, 73 cases (56: m. avium complex, 14: m. kansasii, 2: m. zulgai) were diagnosed as mycobacteriosis according to the diagnostic standard of the joint research group of national sanatoria. there were no significant difference in the incidence of the species, the average age and the sex ratio between our date and the previous reports from nationa ... | 1989 | 2615129 |
| [interrelationship among colonial morphology, susceptibility to antituberculosis drugs, growth rate, and viability in dubos liquid medium in mycobacterium avium complex strains]. | interrelationship among colonial morphology, susceptibility to antituberculosis drugs, growth rate, and viability in dubos liquid medium were studied in mycobacterium avium complex strains, which were not exposed to any antituberculosis drugs. all five strains that were relatively susceptible to the majority of antituberculosis drugs formed smooth, opaque, domed colonies (smd) on 7h10 agar medium, and all five strains that were naturally resistant to those drugs formed smooth, transparent, flat ... | 1989 | 2615130 |
| plasmid profiles of mycobacterium avium/intracellulare isolated from patients with aids or cervical lymphadenitis and from environmental samples. | plasmid profile analysis was performed on mycobacterium avium/m. intracellulare isolates from patients with aids, from children with cervical lymphadenitis, and from environmental sources. the frequency of plasmid-containing strains was found to be, respectively, 5/16 (31%), 4/15 (27%) and 1/15 (7%). the data indicate that plasmids occur more frequently among clinical isolates than among environmental isolates, and support a possible pathogenic role of the plasmids. | 1989 | 2617205 |
| different correlations of drug susceptibilities to colonial morphology in mycobacterium avium complex strains. | in mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare complex strains isolated from patients who were not treated previously by any antituberculosis drugs or from fowls, the colonial morphology, smooth, domed, opaque (smd) or smooth, flat, transparent (smt) colonial forms, significantly correlated with susceptibilities to rifampicin, minocycline, streptomycin, kanamycin, enviomycin, ethambutol, and sulfadimethoxine, whereas it did not correlate with susceptibilities to isoniazid, cycloserine, ... | 1989 | 2622394 |
| the beige mouse model for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease: optimal conditions for the host and parasite. | we extended our earlier studies to establish the beige (c57b1/6/bgj/bgj) mouse model for experimental acute infections with mycobacterium avium complex (mac). optimal conditions of the host and the parasites have been determined. mice bred at our center showed similar responses to those obtained from jackson laboratories, the original supplier. both male and female mice showed similar responses, but older mice in both sexes showed less susceptibility than younger mice. strain 101 of mac showed r ... | 1989 | 2626803 |
| genitourinary infections caused by mycobacteria other than mycobacterium tuberculosis. | non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections are usually found in the respiratory tract: infection confined to the genito-urinary system is rare. we report two patients with isolated genito-urinary infections, one due to mycobacterium chelonae and the other to mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. | 1989 | 2626805 |
| [neuropathology of aids: montefiore experience]. | from september 1982 to december 1988 113 cases of aids have been autopsied and the brains examined at montefiore medical center. findings in four areas were presented; 1. opportunistic infections in approximately one third of cases there were opportunistic infections which were often the cause of death. cryptococcus, cytomegalovirus and toxoplasma were the three most common infections followed by papovavirus (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy) and herpes zoster. tuberculosis, aspergillo ... | 1989 | 2630149 |
| recovery of mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare from blood specimens by using the routine bactec 6b blood culture system. | we describe a simple technique for recovery of mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare from blood culture specimens by using the bactec 460, a system used for routine blood cultures in many hospital laboratories. a total of 26 of 215 blood specimens (12%) from 11 of 48 patients (23%) with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or aids-related complex yielded isolates of m. avium-m. intracellulare. acid-fast staining of prepared specimens was positive for 16 of 26 cultures that ultimately yielde ... | 1989 | 2644297 |
| the hamster model of chronic mycobacterium avium complex infection. | male golden syrian hamsters were evaluated as a model for the pathogenesis of human infection with mycobacterium avium complex. intratracheal inoculation produced a chronic, nonfatal, pulmonary and disseminated infection (overall rate, 86%). the frequency of infection in hamsters that received 5 x 10(8) versus 1 x 10(8) colony forming units (cfu) was not significantly different (87% and 92%, respectively), but 1 x 10(7) cfu produced infection in only 78% of inoculated animals (p = .034). the per ... | 1989 | 2644384 |
| evaluation of a new blood culture medium for mycobacteria. | this study evaluates the sensitivity and detection time of a new radiometric broth (bactec 13a medium, johnston laboratories, towson, md) designed for direct blood culturing for mycobacteria. a total of 1,848 blood specimens were cultured in parallel by a new method in which blood was directly inoculated into 13a medium and a comparative method involving lysis-centrifugation and inoculation of 7h11 agar and 7h12 broth media. there were 65 blood cultures with positive results (64 mycobacterium av ... | 1989 | 2646910 |
| lysis of mycobacteria-infected monocytes by il-2-activated killer cells: role of lfa-1. | mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai) is a ubiquitous soil contaminant that rarely causes disseminated disease in adults regardless of immunological status. in aids patients, however, this organism invades virtually every tissue and organ, and most conventional chemotherapeutic agents are usually ineffective against mai. we report here that monocytes, in which mai has established an intracellular parasitic stage, are under the control of natural killer (nk) cells. autologous large granular ly ... | 1989 | 2649255 |
| fungal and mycobacterial infections in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | fungal and mycobacterial infections are among the most common opportunistic infections in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). candida infections are the bell-wether of progression to symptomatic hiv infection and candida oesophagitis often marks the onset of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). more than 80% of aids patients have candida disease. candida infections remain local and respond to treatment but tend to recur. cryptococcal infections initially affect f ... | 1989 | 2654113 |
| [aids and its manifestations in the form of tuberculosis and other pathology of the lungs]. | | 1989 | 2654924 |
| clinical pharmacokinetics of clofazimine. a review. | clofazimine is useful in the treatment of hansen's disease (leprosy) and some dermatological disorders, and is currently being used in drug regimens for patients with human immunodeficiency viral infections who are also infected with mycobacterium avium complex. after an oral dose, absorption is variable, but when given in an oil-wax suspension is approximately 70%. administration with food appears to increase the peak plasma drug concentration and reduce the time to peak level. data on the volu ... | 1989 | 2656045 |
| tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection. | because of the abnormalities of host defenses caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), persons with hiv infection are vulnerable to tuberculosis. inferential data from several parts of the country indicate increases in tuberculosis case rates, probably occurring in patients with hiv infection. in a person infected with both hiv and mycobacterium tuberculosis, attack rates of tuberculosis seem to be very high. in general, the disease tends to occur earlier in the course of hiv infection ... | 1989 | 2664935 |
| mycobacterium avium complex and other nontuberculous mycobacteria in patients with hiv infection. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) have been frequently identified as opportunistic pathogens in individuals with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the majority of these infections have been caused by members of the mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mac). disseminated mac infection has generally been diagnosed late in the course of hiv infection, and it is often associated with persistent nonspecific symptoms of fever, generalized weakness, and weight loss. abdomina ... | 1989 | 2664936 |
| mycobacteremia in aids patients. results of a prospective study. | the importance of blood cultures in diagnosing disseminated mycobacteriosis in aids patients was evaluated. blood samples were screened for mycobacteria by culture and microscopic techniques. mycobacteremia was proven in 20/136 (14.7%) aids patients, the agent being m. avium-m. intracellulare (mai) in 16 cases and m. tuberculosis in four cases. the rate of cases with positive blood samples in disseminated mai infection was 59.3% (16/27 cases) and in disseminated tuberculosis 57.1% (4/7 cases). t ... | 1989 | 2671476 |
| the epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease. | as the prevalence of tuberculosis has decreased, diseases due to nontuberculous mycobacteria have assumed a greater importance, and the common occurrence of disseminated m. avium complex disease in aids patients has stimulated interest in these organisms. skin test surveys indicate that infection by these mycobacteria is common, but disease is infrequent, with an estimated prevalence in the united states of approximately 2 per 100,000. the most common forms of disease are chronic pulmonary disea ... | 1989 | 2673649 |
| the diagnosis and management of disease caused by m. avium complex, m. kansasii, and other mycobacteria. | because mycobacteria other than mycobacterium tuberculosis are common in the environment and yet are infrequent causes of disease in humans, their isolation from a clinical specimen must be carefully evaluated before concluding that disease exists. it is often necessary to accumulate and weigh a cascade of various clinical factors before a diagnosis can be made. mycobacterium avium complex has emerged as an increasingly important pathogen, particularly in patients with the acquired immunodeficie ... | 1989 | 2673651 |
| mycobacterial disease in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | mycobacterial disease is an increasingly common and serious problem in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. whereas mycobacterium avium complex organisms are noncommunicable and extremely difficult to treat, mycobacterium tuberculosis is transmissible to patients who do not have the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, but is preventable and treatable. | 1989 | 2673652 |
| regulation of host resistance to mycobacterium intracellulare in vivo and in vitro by the bcg gene. | | 1989 | 2673999 |
| [the surfaces of colonies of mycobacterium species studied in the scanning electron microscope]. | the study of the morphology of the surface of several mycobacterial species differing in their pathogenicity by the methods of scanning and transmission electron microscopy has revealed that cells in such colonies and micrococlonies are associated and form one common layer of medium electron density. the cells in this layer are sharply outlined. the cover on the surface of mycobacterial colonies, revealed in this investigation, ensures the stability of mycobacteria in the environment and their r ... | 1989 | 2675500 |
| mycobacterial disease, immunosuppression, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | the mycobacteria are an important group of acid-fast pathogens ranging from obligate intracellular parasites such as mycobacterium leprae to environmental species such as m. gordonae and m. fortuitum. the latter may behave as opportunistic human pathogens if the host defenses have been depleted in some manner. the number and severity of such infections have increased markedly with the emergence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic. these nontuberculous mycobacteria tend to b ... | 1989 | 2680057 |
| acquired immune deficiency syndrome in childhood. neurological aspects. | central nervous system (cns) involvement is very frequently observed in pediatric aids. clinical manifestations include encephalopathy, cognitive deficits, acquired microcephaly, neurological signs, myelopathy, and peripheral neuropathy. neurological complications can be related to opportunistic viral infections such as encephalitis, atypical aseptic meningitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and myelitis. nonviral syndromes include: toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis, candidias ... | 1989 | 2680079 |
| mycobacterial disease associated with aplastic anaemia. | haematological changes associated with infectious disease are relatively common but true aplastic anaemia secondary to infection is rare. we describe a patient wit disseminated mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection and who had a histologically proven remission of his aplastic anemia accompanying antimycobacterial therapy. we also review the literature on the haematological changes associated with mycobacterial infections and other infectious causes of aplastic anaemia. | 1989 | 2681429 |
| the failure of intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy in refractory idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. | eleven patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy refractory to treatment with corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive agents were treated with monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide (0.75-1.357 g/m2). six patients completed a full course of 7 infusions at which point only one patient met predefined criteria for improvement in both strength and function. five had modest improvement in strength but did not meet the criteria for improvement. all patients have subsequently required treatment ... | 1989 | 2681763 |
| two-dimensional gas chromatography with electron capture detection for the sensitive determination of specific mycobacterial lipid constituents. | a method was developed for determining two characteristic mycobacterial lipid constituents, tuberculostearic acid (as its pentafluorobenzyl ester) and 2-eicosanol (as its pentafluorobenzoyl ester), by using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. a microprocessor-controlled column-switching system (two-dimensional gas chromatography) facilitated sample preparation and increased specificity. the usefulness of the technique was illustrated by its ability to reveal picogram amounts of t ... | 1989 | 2685023 |
| comparison of three techniques for concentrating positive bactec 13a bottles for mycobacterial dna probe analysis. | three methods of concentrating 1 ml aliquots from bactec 13a bottles containing patient blood samples were evaluated for testing with the gen-probe rapid diagnostic system for mycobacteria avium complex: 1. using no reagents, 2. using both lysing and wash reagents; and 3. using lysing reagent only. aliquots from 13as containing human blood and seeded with eight mycobacterial species were also concentrated directly and using both reagents. results for samples containing m. avium were as follows: ... | 1989 | 2686912 |
| naturally occurring antibodies against mycobacterium avium complex. | serum obtained from 57 healthy individuals and patients admitted to the hospital owing to diverse pathological causes, as well as serum from seven patients with aids and disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection, were studied to determine the prevalence of igg and igm antibodies against surface proteins of m. avium complex. immunodot assay to detect serum positivity against mac and western blot technique in order to determine the mac antigens eliciting antibody production were per ... | 1989 | 2690731 |
| results of blood cultures for detection of mycobacteria in aids patients. | since the advent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) numerous m. avium intracellulare disseminated infections have been recognised. blood culture is a convenient method for diagnosing these infections. at pitié-salpêtrière hospital aids patients with persistent unexplained fever each had three blood cultures. the blood samples, taken on 3 consecutive days without taking in account fever peaks, were collected in the isolator-10 lysis-centrifugation system and inoculated onto löwenste ... | 1989 | 2694553 |
| relationship between mycobacterium avium, m. paratuberculosis and mycobacteria associated with crohn's disease. | recently some mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria were isolated from patients with crohn's disease. these mycobacteria should be very similar to m. paratuberculosis which is closely related to m. avium. the author has investigated the relationship between m. avium, m. paratuberculosis and the mycobacteria associated with crohn's disease. | 1989 | 2694904 |
| virulence of mycobacterium avium complex strains from acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients: relationship with characteristics of the parasite and host. | the virulence of 24 strains of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolated from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) was assessed using the beige mouse model. most changes in colony forming unit (cfu) counts in spleen and lungs, and spleen weights occurred between days 1 and 14, with comparatively smaller changes 14-28 days postinfection. the virulence was assessed by a score formulated from the four most useful parameters: mortality, spleen cfu, lung cfu and spleen weights at ... | 1989 | 2695739 |
| [treatment of mycobacteriosis]. | at present the increased incidence of infections with mycobacteria other than tuberculosis and leprae bacilli seems to be correlated with several causes: improved diagnostic techniques, prolonged life expectancy, immunodepression. rational chemotherapy depends upon the identification of the etiologic mycobacterium and the determination of its drug susceptibility. besides the "classic" treatment with 3 or 4 antituberculous and, sometimes, nonantituberculous chemotherapics, clinical trials are in ... | 1989 | 2699349 |
| does vaccination with bacille calmette-guérin protect against aids? | in the united states a majority of patients with aids are infected with bacteria of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac), while in sweden only approximately 10% of aids patients are so infected. it is proposed that general vaccination with bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) in sweden may have induced protection not only against tuberculosis but also against infections with mac, accounting for the lower incidence of mac infection in swedish patients with aids. the current aids pandemic may indicate a ... | 1989 | 2704931 |
| [cross-resistance relationships of antituberculosis drugs in mycobacterium avium complex]. | at present, infection caused by mycobacterium avium complex is usually treated by chemotherapy of antituberculosis drugs. however, cross-resistance relationships of antituberculosis drugs in the m. avium complex have not yet been studied. in the present study, we studied on this subject using three strains which were isolated from sputum specimens of patients who were not treated by any antituberculosis drugs: strain 13008 (serotype 20), strain 13016 (serotype 4) and strain 13034 (serotype 18). ... | 1989 | 2709652 |
| susceptibility of beige mice to mycobacterium avium complex infections by different routes of challenge. | we have studied the susceptibility of beige (c57bl/6/bgj/bgj) mice to a virulent strain of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) (101) by intravenous, intraperitoneal, intranasal, oral, and intrarectal routes. consistent with our earlier findings, intravenous challenge resulted in high mortality and colony-forming unit (cfu) counts of recoverable organisms from spleens, lungs, livers, and lymph nodes, plus high levels of mortality. intraperitoneal challenge resulted in high organ cfu counts but no m ... | 1989 | 2712437 |
| intestinal infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. a prospective study in 132 patients. | we studied prospectively 132 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome to define the spectrum of enteric pathogens during this disease, with special reference to the correlation between the lesions, the infections, and the symptoms. forty-four percent of the patients harbored at least one enteric pathogen: the most frequently recovered were cryptosporidium (28), cytomegalovirus (16), entamoeba histolytica (13), giardia lamblia (9), and mycobacterium avium intracellulare (7). patients harb ... | 1989 | 2714152 |
| the gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | eighty-five patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were treated at fairfield infectious diseases hospital between april 1984 and june 1987. sixty per cent of patients suffered gastrointestinal symptoms during the period of study, and in a further 15% of patients, abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract were found incidentally. the principal manifestations were oropharyngeal ulceration, dysphagia/odynophagia, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, gastrointestinal bleeding, and peria ... | 1989 | 2716583 |
| use of transfer factor in a pediatric aids patient with disseminated mycobacterium avium intracellulare. | an 8-year-old male with aids and disseminated mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection was treated with transfer factor (tf) prepared from maternal lymphocytes. subsequent lymphocyte stimulation studies and repeat cultures failed to demonstrate improvement during treatment. his overall clinical status remained unchanged. no adverse effects of tf were noted. | 1989 | 2719353 |
| amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem treatment for disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection of beige mice. | the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a common cause of disseminated infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and is increasingly seen as a cause of infection in other immunocompromised patients. traditional antimycobacterial therapy often is ineffective, and there is a clear need for antibiotics with proven activity against the mac. three agents, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem, were tested in vitro for activity against mac strain 101. amikacin was bacteriostatic, ... | 1989 | 2719461 |
| failure of indium-111 leukocyte scanning to detect nodal involvement with mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | an in-111 leukocyte scan was used to evaluate fever of unknown origin in a patient with the aids rather than ga-67. the scan was normal despite an impressively positive ga-67 scan performed 48 hours later. in-111 should not be used to evaluate fever in patients with aids where mycrobacterium avium-intracellular infection is a diagnostic possibility. | 1989 | 2721079 |
| fatal pericarditis due to mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | a 27-year-old white male homosexual with aids presented 19 months after the initial diagnosis with persistent fever, marked dyspnea at rest, and severe substernal pain in the chest. a pericardial friction rub was auscultated, and an effusion was demonstrated echocardiographically. pericardiocentesis yielded 220 ml of serosanguinous fluid. special stains of the fluid for microorganisms were negative. a mycobacterial infection was suspected, and therapy with multiple antimycobacterial agents was i ... | 1989 | 2721279 |
| plasmid-influenced changes in mycobacterium avium catalase activity. | a virulent mycobacterium avium strain, lr25, which carries three plasmids (18, 28, and 165 kilobases) and grows at 43 degrees c was compared with its plasmid-free, avirulent segregant, strain lr163, to identify the basis for the latter's inability to grow at 43 degrees c. the failure of mid-log-phase cultures of strain lr163 to grow at 43 degrees c was dependent on the presence of high levels of culture aeration. in addition, highly aerated cultures of strain lr163 failed to grow at 37 degrees c ... | 1989 | 2722236 |
| muscle and nerve involvement in aids patient with disseminated mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection. | | 1989 | 2725558 |
| mycotic aneurysm and disseminated mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in a patient with hairy cell leukemia. | | 1989 | 2728442 |
| epidemiology of infection by nontuberculous mycobacteria. viii. absence of mycobacteria in chicken litter. | overlap in the geographic distributions of (1) higher frequencies of persons reacting to antigens prepared from the mycobacterium avium, m. intracellulare, and m. scrofulaceum (mais) group; (2) higher frequencies of isolation from natural waters and soils; (3) higher densities of farms producing broilers (chicken) in the southeastern united states raises the question of whether mais organisms occur abundantly in chicken litter (pine bark shavings containing avian fecal material) and whether litt ... | 1989 | 2729747 |
| therapeutic efficacy of liposome-entrapped rifampin against mycobacterium avium complex infection induced in mice. | liposome-entrapped rifampin (rfp) was examined for therapeutic efficacy against experimental infection induced in mice by the mycobacterium avium complex. intraperitoneal injections (once daily, six times weekly) of liposome-entrapped rfp led to a greater reduction in bacterial growth in the lungs and spleen of infected mice than did free rfp alone. liposome-entrapped rfp given to mice via the intramuscular or subcutaneous route failed to show such an increased therapeutic efficacy. rfp entrappe ... | 1989 | 2729938 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and pulmonary diseases due to mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex. | we studied the usefulness of antibody estimation by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technique in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary mycobacterial diseases. sera from patients with active pulmonary diseases caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (n = 42) or mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (mai) (n = 26) and from healthy controls (n = 75) were assayed for igg and iga antibody titers to antigen of m. tuberculosis and mai. the igg and iga antibody titers to m. tuberculosi ... | 1989 | 2733244 |
| [differentiation between mycobacterium malmoense and mycobacterium nonchromogenicum by ethambutol susceptibility]. | mycobacterium malmoense strains are resistant to 1 microgram/ml ethambutol in ogawa egg medium, whereas mycobacterium nonchromogenicum strains are susceptible to this concentration. therefore, these two group iii nonphotochromogens are differentiated clearly from each other by the susceptibility test for ethambutol 1 microgram/ml. ninety-five % of mycobacterium avium complex strains are resistant to this concentration, while m. nonchromogenicum strains are susceptible. therefore, the test serves ... | 1989 | 2733305 |
| endobronchial mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in a patient with aids. | the pulmonary manifestations of aids are well described in the medical literature; however, mai infection presenting as an endobronchial lesion has not, to our knowledge, been reported in a patient with aids. we report a unique case of an aids patient who developed endobronchial polypoid lesions secondary to mai infection. complications resulting from these lesions included hemoptysis and later bronchiectasis. | 1989 | 2736976 |
| identification of cytoplasmic membrane protein antigens of mycobacterium avium, m. intracellulare, and m. scrofulaceum. | the cytoplasmic membrane isolated from representative strains of the mycobacterium avium, m. intracellulare, and m. scrofulaceum (mais) group contained approximately 20 proteins, as identified by sds - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. one membrane protein predominated, comprising up to 50% of the total membrane protein. this major cytoplasmic membrane protein (mcmp) had a molecular weight of 31,000 and was surface accessible based on its susceptibility to proteinase digestion. the composition ... | 1989 | 2743223 |
| [relation between the chemical structure of substances and their antimicrobial action against atypical strains. ii. 6-acycloamido-2-alkylthiobenzothiazoles, quantitative relation to their effectiveness spectrum]. | forty-six 6-acylamido-2-alkylthiobenzothiazoles were tested in vitro for antimicrobial activity towards mycobacterium avium. the values of logarithms of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (log mic) are shown in table 1. the relationships between chemical structure and the activity under study were studied by the free-wilson method. the results, contributions of the substituents in positions 2 and 6 and the contribution of the common benzothiazole part (marked c) to the activity (delta log mic ... | 1989 | 2743430 |
| methods used to investigate a possible environmental source of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum (mais) infection in farmed deer. | currently used methods for the culture of mycobacteria from contaminated material were found to be unsatisfactory in an investigation of a possible environmental source of mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum (mais) infection in a new zealand deer farm. different combinations of established procedures were investigated using soil spiked with a laboratory strain of m. avium. the most successful combination involved mixing the soil in nutrient broth (ph 8.0) containing tween 80, incubat ... | 1989 | 2745234 |
| identification and partial characterization of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare by using dna probes. | we attempted to identify the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolated in japan by using dna probes specific for m. avium or mycobacterium intracellulare (gen-probe rapid diagnostic system for mac; gen-probe, inc., san diego, calif.). the source and drug susceptibility distributions were examined. this assay system proved to be rapid, sensitive, specific, and reliable for identification of mac and of the species as either m. avium or m. intracellulare. the dna probe test showed that of the gene ... | 1989 | 2745706 |
| mycobacterium avium complex in a patient with cystic fibrosis: disease vs. colonization. | | 1989 | 2748240 |
| ethambutol: a key for mycobacterium avium complex chemotherapy? | | 1989 | 2751172 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection in a patient with polymyositis. | | 1989 | 2751726 |
| plasmid profiles of mycobacterium avium complex isolated from swine. | twenty strains of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolated from swine and five strains from humans were examined for drug susceptibility and plasmid content. four strains of swine origin and two strains of human origin harbored plasmid dnas differing in molecular weights. no relationship between plasmid contents and drug resistance was observed. southern dna-dna hybridization showed that small plasmids from swine mac strains were homologous to those from human origin at the nucleotide level. | 1989 | 2755365 |
| mycobacterium avium intracellulare as a marker of human immunodeficiency virus disease. | between january 1981 and december 1986, 4,178 patients were cultured for mycobacteria at a community teaching hospital in hartford. the number of patients with positive cultures totaled 278 (6.65%). mycobacterium other than tuberculosis (mott) was isolated from 228 (82%). mott isolation increased yearly from 1.5% of the patients in 1981 to 14.5% of the patients in 1986. mycobacterium avium intracellulare (mai) was the most common mott species isolated (197/228). fifty-nine patients were under th ... | 1989 | 2758831 |
| mycobacterium avium infection through the alimentary tract in mice. | intestinal infection by mycobacterium avium was investigated in c57bl/6 and balb/c mouse strains. single intragastric administration of a massive dose (10(8] or multiple administration of a lower dose (10(7), 10 times) established infection principally in the mesenteric lymph-node (mln); a continuous or intermittent fecal excretion of the bacilli was detected by 6-8 weeks after the administration. based on three criteria--isolation of the organisms from the mln and from feces, and detection of a ... | 1989 | 2761142 |
| induction of non-specific immunosuppression in mice by mycobacterial infections and its relationship to macrophage activation. | the development of non-specific immunosuppression during the infection of different strains of mice with three mycobacterial species was evaluated by studying the immune response to a heterologous antigen (sheep red blood cells) and comparing it with the induction of non-specific resistance to a listeria monocytogenes challenge. it was shown that early (at 15 days) immunosuppression developed in mycobacterium avium-susceptible mouse strains infected with a high inoculum dose [2.5 x 10(8) colony ... | 1989 | 2762766 |
| atypical mycobacterial infection. | | 1989 | 2765038 |
| development of a diagnostic test for johne's disease using a dna hybridization probe. | a dna probe, m13 mphaw71, that detects mycobacterium paratuberculosis in the fecal material of infected animals was developed for use in the diagnosis of johne's disease. the probe detected as few as 10(5) m. paratuberculosis when hybridized under stringent conditions to total genomic dna purified from bovine fecal material. when the probe was used diagnostically, it did not differentiate members of the mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare-m. paratuberculosis complex. compared with culturing, t ... | 1989 | 2768445 |
| neutrophil-macrophage cooperation in the host defence against mycobacterial infections. | cd-1 mice inoculated intraperitoneally with mycobacterium avium, m. bovis, m. microti or m. kansasii showed a persistent peritoneal granulocytosis (above 10(6) cells, i.e. more than 15% of total cells) throughout the 3 month period of infection studied. by contrast, in mice inoculated with the non-pathogenic m. aurum or with heat-killed m. avium the number of granulocytes decreased progressively after the first 15 days. no mycobacteria were found in granulocytes except in the first 2 days of inf ... | 1989 | 2770507 |
| susceptibility of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare to various antibacterial drugs. | mycobacterium avium and m. intracellulare of human and natural sources, identified by the gen-probe rapid diagnostic system for m. avium complex (mac) were studied for susceptibility to eight different drugs. in the case of human isolates of mac, the following was noted. m. avium showed nearly the same susceptibility to streptomycin, kanamycin, ethambutol, and clofazimine as was seen with m. intracellulare. m. avium was much more resistant to rifampicin and rifabutin than was m. intracellulare, ... | 1989 | 2770562 |
| infection with mycobacterium avium complex in patients without predisposing conditions. | pulmonary disease caused by mycobacterium avium complex usually occurs in patients with chronic lung disease or deficient cellular immunity, and its prevalence is increasing. we describe 21 patients (mean age, 66 years) with such infection without the usual predisposing factors, representing 18 percent of the 119 patients surveyed. seventeen women and 4 men were given a diagnosis of m. avium complex from 1978 to 1987, with a stable incidence over the decade, on the basis of pulmonary symptoms, a ... | 1989 | 2770822 |
| mycobacterium avium complex and the normal host: the other side of the coin. | | 1989 | 2770826 |
| [mycobacterial zooanthroponoses]. | | 1989 | 2771901 |
| mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare infection limited to the skin and lymph nodes in patients with aids. | three patients with aids who were taking 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt) developed cutaneous abscesses from which mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare was isolated. culture of multiple blood samples and bone marrow aspirate from all three patients revealed that the infection was not disseminated. this is a rare form of presentation for this infection in aids patients. we speculate that the antiviral drug azt was responsible for the localization of disease. | 1989 | 2772468 |
| effect of environmental-genetic interactions on mycobacterium avium challenge infection. | chickens from lines selectively bred for either a high-antibody (ha) or low-antibody (la) response to sheep erythrocytes were injected intravenously with mycobacterium avium while being held in low, medium, or high levels of social stress for 5 days (first environment). during the remaining 6 weeks, they were held under either low or medium levels of social stress (second environment). infection led to lesions consisting of granulomas, some of which had necrotic centers. there was a positive cor ... | 1989 | 2775090 |
| identification of a repetitive dna sequence specific to mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | a 0.2-kb dna sequence specific to mycobacterium paratuberculosis, the causative organism of johne's disease, was isolated from a partial genomic library. the sequence was part of a larger repetitive dna element and was present in strains of m. paratuberculosis from cattle, sheep, goat, deer and also a woman with crohn's disease but not in m. paratuberculosis strain 18. the sequence was not present in strains of 19 other mycobacterial species including 31 reference serotype strains of the m. aviu ... | 1989 | 2777063 |
| in-vitro activity of dapsone and two potentiators against mycobacterium avium complex. | the efficacy of dapsone against mycobacterium avium, m. intracellulare, m. kansasii, m. fortuitum and m. tuberculosis was determined by disc elution in agar. the minimal inhibitory concentration at which 90% of the colony forming units were inhibited (90mic) by dapsone was 8 mg/l for m. avium, m. intracellulare and m. kansasii and greater than or equal to 32 mg/l for m. tuberculosis and m. fortuitum. the 90mics were confirmed by culturing these test organisms with dapsone in the bactec 460 syste ... | 1989 | 2777726 |
| kaposi's sarcoma and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare with cellulitis in patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | | 1989 | 2778118 |
| [in vitro determination of the sensitivity of mycobacteria to fluoroquinolones]. | in vitro activity of four fluorinated quinolones: pefloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin were determined against various clinical isolates of mycobacteria. the method of agar dilution was used, seventy strains of ten species were tested: mycobacterium tuberculosis (25), mycobacterium bovis (5), mycobacterium africanum (2), bcg (5), mycobacterium kansasii (6), mycobacterium marinum (5), mycobacterium avium (11), mycobacterium xenopi (6), mycobacterium chelonae (3), mycobacterium fortui ... | 1989 | 2780092 |
| glomerular lesions and opportunistic infections of the kidney in aids: an autopsy study of 47 cases. | aids-associated nephropathy (aan) causing acute renal failure has been described in patients with aids. it is characterized by massive proteinuria and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. from 1982 until 1987, 177 patients with aids were seen in our center. most of them were homosexual or bisexual men. one patient was also an intravenous drug addict. one patient was a black female. none suffered from a nephrotic syndrome or needed hemodialysis during their illness. in 47 of the 110 patients who d ... | 1989 | 2782196 |
| biopsy pathology of hiv infection: experience at st stephen's hospital, london. | in a 3 year period from the beginning of january 1985 to the end of december 1987, 474 biopsies obtained from 266 patients with serological evidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection were examined. most frequent were skin biopsies of which 52% showed kaposi's sarcoma, and transbronchial lung biopsies of which 40% showed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. other opportunistic infections were much less common; mycobacterium avium intracellulare was found in six biopsies and cytomegalovirus in ... | 1989 | 2785082 |
| [lung diseases caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria in east germany and hungary]. | despite the decrease of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis also between 1982 and 1986 an increase in nontuberculous mycobacteriosis can be seen especially in the gdr and also in hungary. in 1986 the ratio of recognized lung diseases caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria to all newly diagnosed bacillary cases was 4.1% in the gdr and 2.2% in hungary. in hungary, m. xenopi was the most important potential pathogenic species of nontuberculous mycobacteria during the whole period, followed by m. kan ... | 1989 | 2785269 |
| mycobacteremia caused by simultaneous infection with mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare detected by analysis of a bactec 13a bottle with the gen-probe kit. | simultaneous infection with mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare in an aids patient was suspected after direct analysis of two bactec 13a blood cultures with the gen-probe kit for m. avium complex. a mixed infection was confirmed by evaluating isolated colonies. the gen-probe kit may provide a simple technique for detecting mixed m. avium-m. intracellulare infections. | 1989 | 2791484 |
| in vitro activity of lomefloxacin as compared with ciprofloxacin. | lomefloxacin (sc47111, searle) is a difluorinated quinolone with a comparatively long half-life and high serum concentration. this agent has good in vitro activity against enterobacteriaceae (mic90 = less than 2 micrograms/ml) and staphylococci (mic90 = less than 2 micrograms/ml); the activity against pseudomonas spp. and pseudomonas aeruginosa is moderate to poor. on a weight basis, lomefloxacin is less active than ciprofloxacin; however, based on the ratio of the serum concentration to mic, th ... | 1989 | 2791493 |
| kaposi's sarcoma. ct-radiographic correlation. | the role of ct in the diagnosis of intrathoracic kaposi's sarcoma (ks) was evaluated retrospectively in 24 patients, in the absence of coexistent opportunistic infections. in all cases the diagnosis of ks was initially established by histologic evaluation of extrathoracic disease: 15 patients had verified parenchymal ks and nine patients endobronchial ks. (chest roentgenograms were analyzed separately for each group: in 14 patients serial films were available for review. the predominant radiogra ... | 1989 | 2791664 |
| non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children. | eighty-six children (44 males, 42 females) were identified as having non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis. the diagnostic criteria were either culture of the organism from the affected lymph node (n = 68), or, when culture was negative, a positive skin test with non-tuberculous mycobacterial antigens and negative skin test responses to tuberculin purified protein derivative (ppd) in association with typical histological features (n = 18). all children had histopathological findings of gra ... | 1989 | 2792127 |
| [infection with mycobacterium avium complex in the nonimmunocompromised host]. | pulmonary infection due to mycobacterium avium complex has been considered exceedingly rare, with only 50 case reports in the literature until 1982. however, during the past decade the dissemination of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome has been accompanied by a marked increase in the frequency of reported infections due to this agent, although infection in the noncompromised host remains rare. we describe an 80-year-old man who was not immunocompromised but who was infected with mycobacter ... | 1989 | 2792951 |
| [macrophage respiratory burst-triggering activity of transparent and opaque colonial variants of mycobacterium avium complex]. | the two types of colonial variants of mycobacterium avium complex, smt (smooth, transparent, irregular) and smd (smooth, opaque, dome-shaped) variants, were examined for their triggering activity for macrophage (m phi) respiratory burst, based on chemiluminescence (cl). smd variants elicited an intense cl from zymosan a-induced m phi s in a dose-dependent manner, although smt variants induced much lower m phi cl. the m phi s could steadily phagocytose smt variants, although the phagocytizing rat ... | 1989 | 2796111 |
| [in vitro sensitivity of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium xenopi to erythromycin, roxithromycin and doxycycline]. | the comparative in vitro activity of erythromycin, roxithromycin and doxycycline against 20 isolates of m. avium and 20 m. xenopi was evaluated by two technics: a standard macrobroth dilution (7h9) and the 1% standard proportion method on lowenstein medium. m. avium was highly and uniformly resistant to doxycycline (mic 50: 64 mg/l). for macrolides some strains were moderately susceptible to roxithromycin and at a lower level to erythromycin the mic 50 and mic 90 were respectively 8 and 16 mg/l ... | 1989 | 2797881 |
| [pulmonary manifestations in patients with aids]. | in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) the pulmonary opportunistic infections are due to the depression of cellular immunity and they are found in more than 50% of patients. most frequently the infection is due to pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, cryptococcus neoformans and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. non-opportunistic infections in aids are mostly due to the mycobacterium tuberculosis and legionella pneumophila. in kaposi sarcoma in aids the lungs may be involved into pulmon ... | 1989 | 2798562 |
| [a study on completely defined agar media for mycobacteria]. | a serial of completely defined agar media suitable for growth of the common mycobacteria which are pathogenic was reported in this paper. a tool was supplied for the study of mycobacteria on nutrition and physiology, biochemical feature, genetics and variation and on the mechanism of resistance and susceptibility to antimicrobial drug, and with it would be in favour of developing more satisfactory media for mycobacteria. the majority of strains of the mycobacteria tested grew more rapidly on the ... | 1989 | 2800536 |
| liposome-encapsulated-amikacin therapy of mycobacterium avium complex infection in beige mice. | efficacy of liposome-encapsulated amikacin and free amikacin against mycobacterium avium complex was evaluated in the beige mouse (c57bl/6j-bgj/bgj) acute infection model. approximately 10(7) viable m. avium complex serotype 1 cells for which the mic of amikacin was 8 micrograms/ml were given intravenously. treatment was started with encapsulated or free amikacin at approximately 110 or 40 mg/kg of body weight 7 or 14 days later. in the former experiment, treatment was given two or three times p ... | 1989 | 2802546 |
| mycobacterial disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | we compared the clinical features of disease due to tuberculosis and to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in 94 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. tuberculosis preceded the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in 26 (67%) of 39 cases, compared with none of 55 with mac infection. chest roentgenographic findings suggested mycobacterial infection in 24 (83%) of 29 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, compared with 7 (25%) of 28 with mac infection. sputum smears reveal ... | 1989 | 2802887 |
| the recognition of mycobacterial infections by intraoperative cytology in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, mycobacterial lymphadenitis is characterized by the presence of numerous acid-fast bacilli within histiocytes. in diff-quik-stained cytologic preparations of such lymph nodes, performed during intraoperative consultations, the presence of mycobacteria is manifested by numerous negatively staining rod-shaped spaces intracellularly within histiocytes, as well as extra-cellularly in the background. recognition of these characteristic "footpri ... | 1989 | 2802941 |
| [identification of 219 mycobacterial strains: with a report of 3 cases of pulmonary mycobacterial intracellular diseases]. | isolated mycobacterium from 219 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis was identified according to the criteria of growth in para-aminobenzoic acid medium, rough or smooth type of colony as well as easy or difficult to emulsified etc. 6 strains (2.7%) of atypical mycobacteria have been found. among them 3 cases (1.4%) of pulmonary mycobacterial intracellular diseases were diagnosed finally. all of the 211 strains (cases) of the rough type are difficult to emulsify, but 8 strains (cases) of the smooth t ... | 1989 | 2805148 |
| in-vitro synergistic activity between ethambutol and fluorinated quinolones against mycobacterium avium complex. | ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin were ineffective at clinically relevant concentrations against the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in vitro as measured by radiometric respirometry. only two of 30 clinical isolates of mac were susceptible to any of the tested quinolones. by contrast good antibacterial activity was obtained when any of the quinolones was combined with ethambutol. the synergistic effect was most pronounced for the combination of ethambutol and ciprofloxacin, to which 76 ... | 1989 | 2808189 |
| bacteriostatic and bactericidal in-vitro activity of meropenem against clinical isolates, including mycobacterium avium complex. | for clinical isolates the mics of meropenem were significantly lower than the mics of imipenem, especially against pseudomonas aeruginosa. furthermore, meropenem was bactericidal for pseudomonas spp., including ps. (xanthomonas) maltophilia, and staphylococci, with mbcs on average only two-fold above the respective mics. the bactericidal activity was confirmed by killing curve assays. strains with high meropenem mics (greater than or equal to 8 mg/l) were killed by a combination of the carbapene ... | 1989 | 2808217 |
| differences in antimicrobial susceptibility of pigmented and unpigmented colonial variants of mycobacterium avium. | unpigmented colonial variants were isolated from pigmented mycobacterium avium isolates recovered from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the environment. the variants were interconvertible: the rate of transition from unpigmented to pigmented type was 4.0 x 10(-5) variants per cell per generation. the unpigmented variants were more tolerant to antibiotics, especially beta-lactams, and cd2+ and cu2+ salts than were their pigmented parents. both pigmented and unpigmented variant ... | 1989 | 2808669 |
| rapid identification of serotypes of mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare complex by using infected swine sera and reference antigenic glycolipids. | the species of 136 strains of acid-fast bacteria isolated from swine with mycobacteriosis were identified by numerical taxonomy and chemotaxonomy on the basis of mycolic acid subclass composition as members of the mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare (mai) complex. the isolates were further classified by using both thin-layer chromatography of the antigenic glycopeptidolipids (gpl) obtained from the bacteria by the method of tsang et al. (a. y. tsang, i. drupa, m. goldberg, j. k. mcclatchy, and ... | 1989 | 2808677 |
| [mycelium formation of mycobacterium avium complex]. | the morphology of mycobacteria is usually examined by taking a sample from colonies already developed on the medium surface. by this method, mycobacterium avium complex is considered to form short rods or a little longer rods and occasionally some filaments. we inoculated test strains on ogawa egg medium slants by a loop and incubated at 37 degrees c. after incubation for 2, 3 and 4 days, unvisible or only scarcely visible growth was taken by loop and placed on slides. the samples were stained b ... | 1989 | 2810996 |
| splenectomy in patients with aids. | to establish the indications for splenectomy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection we retrospectively analyzed 12 patients who underwent splenectomy. patients with hiv infection who had immune thrombocytopenic purpura (itp) were excluded as they had no splenomegaly and a definite indication for splenectomy exists in some of these patients. all 12 patients were anemic; 6 were thrombocytopenic and 6 leukopenic. all patients had splenomegaly and all were febrile. at surgery ... | 1989 | 2816911 |
| killing by antimycobacterial agents of aids-derived strains of mycobacterium avium complex inside cells of the mouse macrophage cell line j774. | the murine macrophage continuous cell line j774 was used to measure the ability of antimicrobial agents, either singly or in combination, to kill intracellular mycobacterium avium complex. all of 14 strains of m. avium complex, isolated from patients with aids, grew inside j774 cells during an incubation period of 7 days. the susceptibility of macrophage-ingested m. avium complex to antimicrobial agents was determined by comparing the number of colony-forming units (cfu) of m. avium complex insi ... | 1989 | 2817581 |
| in vitro activities of several new macrolide antibiotics against mycobacterium avium complex. | the in vitro activities of 12 macrolide compounds against 28 mycobacterium avium complex strains isolated from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were determined by the conventional proportion method and by the bactec method. clarithromycin (a-56268; te-031), a new macrolide compound, was the most active agent tested, inhibiting 90% of strains at an mic of 4 micrograms/ml by the bactec method. roxithromycin (ru 28965) and erythromycylamine inhibited 90% of strains at 16 micrograms/ ... | 1989 | 2817858 |
| hepatic disease in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). | the spectrum of liver disease in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and the clinical impact of diagnostic percutaneous liver biopsy in this population were evaluated by a retrospective review of hepatic histology, clinical features and laboratory data in 85 patients (26 biopsies, 59 autopsies). only 1 (3.8%) biopsy and 9 (15%) postmortem livers were histologically normal. macrosteatosis and nonspecific portal inflammation were the most common histologic abnormalities. intra ... | 1987 | 2820858 |