| tuberculosis in alpaca (lama pacos) on a farm in ireland. 1. a clinical report. | this case report describes tuberculosis (tb) due to infection with mycobacterium bovis (m. bovis) in alpaca (lama pacos) on a farm in ireland. two severely debilitated alpaca were presented to the university veterinary hospital, university college dublin in november 2004. bloods were taken, and haematology and biochemistry results were indicative of chronic infection. radiological examination showed evidence of diffuse granulomatous pneumonia suggestive of tuberculosis. on necropsy there were gr ... | 2008 | 21851719 |
| a recombinant mycobacterium smegmatis induces potent bactericidal immunity against mycobacterium tuberculosis. | we report the involvement of an evolutionarily conserved set of mycobacterial genes, the esx-3 region, in evasion of bacterial killing by innate immunity. whereas high-dose intravenous infections of mice with the rapidly growing mycobacterial species mycobacterium smegmatis bearing an intact esx-3 locus were rapidly lethal, infection with an m. smegmatis δesx-3 mutant (here designated as the ike strain) was controlled and cleared by a myd88-dependent bactericidal immune response. introduction of ... | 2011 | 21892180 |
| substrate specificity of the deazaflavin-dependent nitroreductase from mycobacterium tuberculosis responsible for the bioreductive activation of bicyclic nitroimidazoles. | the bicyclic 4-nitroimidazoles pa-824 and opc-67683 represent a promising novel class of therapeutics for tuberculosis and are currently in phase ii clinical development. both compounds are pro-drugs that are reductively activated by a deazaflavin (f(420)) dependent nitroreductase (ddn). herein we describe the biochemical properties of ddn including the optimal enzymatic turnover conditions and substrate specificity. the preference of the enzyme for the (s) isomer of pa-824 over the (r) isomer i ... | 2012 | 22023140 |
| Biologically active constituents of Aglaia erythrosperma. | From the fruits and leaves of Aglaia erythrosperma (Meliaceae), 10 chemical constituents were isolated and identified, i.e. the dammarane triterpenoids cabraleadiol (1), cabraleahydroxylactone (2), ethyl eichlerianoate (3), eichlerialactone (4), aglinin A (5), cabralealactone (6), the aglaialactone 5,6-desmethylenedioxy-5-methoxy-aglalactone (7), the flavagline 4'-demethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxy-methyl rocaglate (8) and two coumarins: scoparone and scopoletin. Flavagline 8 exhibited antimalarial ... | 2011 | 22011221 |
| risk factors for mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus pulmonary disease persistence and deterioration. | | 2011 | 22101165 |
| tuberculosis in australia: bacteriologically confirmed cases and drug resistance, 2008 and 2009. a report of the australian mycobacterium reference laboratory network. | there were 886 and 1,062 bacteriologically-confirmed cases of tuberculosis (tb) in 2008 and 2009, representing an annual rate of 4.1 and 4.9 cases per 100,000 population respectively. over the 2 years, a total of 23 children aged under 10 years (male n = 13, female n = 10) had bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis, including 3 children with tb meningitis. results of in vitro drug susceptibility testing were available for 885 of 886 and 1,060 of 1,062 isolates for isoniazid (inh), rifampicin ( ... | 2011 | 22010508 |
| Methionine sulfoximine resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is due to a single nucleotide deletion resulting in increased expression of the major glutamine synthetase, GlnA1. | We investigated the effect of methionine sulfoximine (MetSox), a potent inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, on Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis encodes four glutamine synthetases, of which MetSox targets the type I enzyme encoded by glnA1. Transcriptional profiling revealed that glutamate synthetase (gltB) and a type II glutamine synthetase (glnA3) were induced after exposure to MetSox. In addition, we observed a high rate (10(-5)) of spontaneous resistance to MetSox. All resistant str ... | 2011 | 21875360 |
| Ability of Cricetomys rats to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis and discriminate it from other microorganisms. | Trained African giant pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus) have potential for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). These rats target volatile compounds of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that cause TB. Mtb and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species are related to Nocardia and Rhodococcus spp., which are also acid-fast bacilli and can be misdiagnosed as Mtb in smear microscopy. Diagnostic performance of C. gambianus on in vitro-cultured mycobacterial and related pulmonary microbes is unknown. This ... | 2011 | 22197664 |
| epiregulin (ereg) variation is associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis. | although host genetics influences susceptibility to mycobacterium tuberculosis, the human genes regulating pathogenesis remain largely unknown. we used m. tuberculosis-stimulated macrophage gene expression profiling in conjunction with a case-control genetic association study to discover epiregulin (ereg), as a novel candidate tuberculosis (tb) susceptibility gene. using a genome-wide association study dataset, we found that among the 21 genes with greater than 50-fold induction, ereg had the mo ... | 2011 | 22170233 |
| resuscitation-promoting factors are required for β-lactam tolerance and the permeability barrier in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacterial resuscitation-promoting factors (rpfs) have been of great interest since the discovery that they promote the growth of non-culturable mycobacterium tuberculosis cells. yet, their precise role in mycobacterial survival and infection has remained elusive. we performed a chemical screen to identify molecules that show preferential killing of a mycobacterium tuberculosis mutant lacking rpfs over wild-type bacilli and found that the mutant has enhanced sensitivity to the β-lactam class ... | 2011 | 22155826 |
| tnf -308g>a single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with leprosy among brazilians: a genetic epidemiology assessment, meta-analysis, and functional study. | leprosy is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium leprae. tumor necrosis factor (tnf) plays a key role in the host response. some association studies have implicated the single nucleotide polymorphism tnf -308g>a in leprosy susceptibility, but these results are still controversial. we first conducted 4 association studies (2639 individuals) that showed a protective effect of the -308a allele (odds ratio [or] = 0.77; p = .005). next, results of a meta-analysis reinforced this association a ... | 2011 | 21917899 |
| mycobacterial antibody levels and immune restoration disease in hiv patients treated in south east asia. | immune restoration disease (ird) associated with mycobacterium tuberculosis parallels the reconstitution of a pathogen-specific th1 response. however, it is not clear whether humoral responses to m. tuberculosis antigens also rise, or whether antibody levels predict ird. here, humoral immunity to m. tuberculosis antigens was investigated in four asian cohorts. | 2011 | 22103621 |
| 'Lethal' combination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype and human CD209 -336G allele in Russian male population. | An interaction of different human alleles and endemic bacterial strains may be clinically manifested as different outcome of the disease in different hosts infected with the same genotype. The primary objective of this study was to investigate this issue in the model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human DC-SIGN encoding CD209 promoter SNP (rs4804803) in Russian Siberian population. We sought to find a possible combination of M. tuberculosis lineage and human host allele/genotype correlating w ... | 2011 | 22027159 |
| new who europe action plan to fight mdr-tb. | | 2011 | 21944560 |
| Whole-Genome Sequence of the Emerging Pathogen Mycobacterium abscessus Strain 47J26. | Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing environmental mycobacterium commonly found in soil and water which is often also associated with infections in humans, particularly of the lung. We report herein the draft genome sequence of M. abscessus strain 47J26. | 2012 | 22207751 |
| Application of the Enfer chemiluminescent multiplex ELISA system for the detection of Mycobacterium bovis infection in goats. | A study was conducted to optimise a multiplex serological immunoassay for use in identification of goats infected with Mycobacterium bovis. To assess assay specificity, 31 goats with a history of being free from M. bovis infection were used. To determine assay sensitivity, 180 Single Intradermal Comparative Tuberculin test (SICTT) positive goats were recruited. Additionally, 286 SICTT negative goats classed as potentially exposed animals present in the same positive herds were also included in t ... | 2012 | 21862242 |
| Morphine alters M. bovis infected microglia's ability to activate ?d T lymphocytes. | Microglia, the macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), are both the principle target cells for Mycobacterium infection in the CNS and serve a critical role in defense of the brain. If microglia's functions are altered due to immunosuppressive agents such as opiates, perturbation in defense of the brain may occur, including defense against CNS Tuberculosis. This study was designed to determine if Mycobacterium infected microglia activate ?dT lymphocytes and if the opiate morphine alters ... | 2011 | 21881858 |
| [possible association between mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis infection and crohn's disease]. | paratuberculosis is a chronic intestinal disease of animals caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), which has some pathological features similar to crohn's disease (cd) in humans. the presence of map in food for human consumption and in affected tissues of patients with cd has been detected. therefore, a causal association between this microorganism and the disease in humans, has been postulated. however, several related studies have failed to confirm this hypothesis and the ... | 2011 | 22051762 |
| challenges and opportunities in developing novel drugs for tb. | mycobacterium tuberculosis is a difficult pathogen to combat and the first-line drugs currently in use are 40-60 years old. the need for new tb drugs is urgent, but the time to identify, develop and ultimately advance new drug regimens onto the market has been excruciatingly slow. on the other hand, the drugs currently in clinical development, and the recent gains in knowledge of the pathogen and the disease itself give us hope for finding new drug targets and new drug leads. in this article we ... | 2011 | 21879843 |
| Subcutaneous Administration of Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Expressing an Ag85B-ESAT6 Fusion Protein, but Not an Adenovirus-Based Vaccine, Protects Mice Against Intravenous Challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. | Recombinant virus-based tuberculosis (TB) vaccines that are strongly immunogenic and elicit robust cellular immunity are considered ideal vaccine candidates. Here, we engineered a poxvirus-based vaccine, MVA85B-E6, and an adenovirus-based vaccine, AD85B-E6, both of which express the fusion protein Ag85B-ESAT6. Subcutaneous vaccination of AD85B-E6 generated strong interferon (IFN)-? production by both CD4 and CD8 T cells and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity; these results indicate that strong ... | 2012 | 21916923 |
| The global distribution and phylogeography of Mycobacterium bovis clonal complexes. | The consequences of the clonality of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex are described and, in particular, the identification of clonal complexes. Clonal complexes are groups of strains all descended from a single cell that was the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of the clonal complex and all bearing characteristics derived from the MRCA. Three clonal complexes of Mycobacterium bovis have been identified and called African 1, African 2 and European 1. Members of each clonal complex have a ... | 2011 | 21945588 |
| High-level expression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein EspB in E. coli and preparation of novel anti-EspB monoclonal antibodies. | The ESX-1 secretion system plays a critical role in the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The ESX-1 secreted protein EspB is cleaved close to its C-terminus during secretion and is necessary for inhibiting phagosome maturation. In this study, the EspB gene of M. tuberculosis H37Rv was cloned into the expression vector of pET21a(+) and was effectively expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The expressed fusion protein existed as a soluble form in cell lysate and was first purified by a c ... | 2011 | 21851233 |
| Distinct polyfunctional CD4(+) T cell responses to BCG, ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in tuberculous pleurisy. | Tuberculous pleurisy (TBP) is a frequent extrapulmonary manifestation characterized by the accumulation of inflammatory cells that can sometimes be spontaneously self-cured. To achieve a greater insight into T cells at a local site, we systematically characterized and compared the numbers of antigen-specific T cells responding to BCG- or MTB-specific antigens. Our results showed that significantly higher levels of Th1 cytokines were produced by pleural fluid cells (PFCs) than PBMCs following sti ... | 2011 | 22154006 |
| [In Process Citation]. | | 2011 | 22168006 |
| the sensor region of the ubiquitous cytosolic sensor kinase, pdtas, contains pas and gaf domain sensing modules. | two-component systems, a sensor histidine kinase (hk) and a response regulator (rr), are ubiquitous signaling systems that allow prokaryotes to respond to external challenges. hks normally have sensing modules and highly conserved cytosolic histidine kinase and atpase domains. the interaction between the activated phosphohistidine and the cognate rr allows an external signal to be passed from the exterior of gram-positive bacteria (gpb) to the cytoplasm. orthologs of the pdtas/pdtar regulatory s ... | 2011 | 22115998 |
| the treatment of tuberculosis in ferrara (italy) in the 19th century. | the present work is a review of the remedies in use in ferrara against tuberculosis in the 1800s. the work started from the discovery of accounts describing methods and remedies. these remedies were also in use world wide. of particular interest is the work by antonio campana, a famous professor of pharmaceutical chemistry and botany in ferrara, who wrote a pharmacopoeia which had several editions between 1797 and 1841. the farmacopea ferrarese was addressed to the apothecaries of ferrara. never ... | 2010 | 21879568 |
| atypical cause of prolonged myelosuppression. | we present the case of a 57-year-old male with poor prognosis (trisomy 21 and monosomy 7) acute myeloid leukaemia (aml) who presented with rigors and fever during cytogenetic remission. peripheral and central line blood cultures were positive for mycobacterium chelonae and he commenced empiric treatment with meropenem, amikacin, clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin. it appears that m chelonae infection was responsible for persistent myelosuppression after expected recovery from chemotherapy, which s ... | 2009 | 22162739 |
| Global Chemical Composition and Antioxidant and Anti-Tuberculosis Activities of Various Extracts of Globularia alypum L. (Globulariaceae) Leaves. | In this work, an evaluation of the biological activities of Globularia alypum L. extracts and their global chemical composition was realized. Extracts from G. alypum were obtained by two extraction methods. The composition of polyphenols (8.5-139.95 g gallic acid equivalent/Kg of dry mass), tannins (1.39-18.65 g catechin equivalent/Kg of dry mass), anthocyanins (8.17-70.69 mg cyanidin equivalent/Kg of dry mass) and flavonoids (0.31-19.28 g quercetin equivalent/Kg of dry mass) was evaluated. The ... | 2011 | 22183884 |
| Pyrazinoic acid efflux rate in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a better proxy of pyrazinamide resistance. | Pyrazinamide is one of the most important drugs in the treatment of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The emergence of strains resistant to pyrazinamide represents an important public health problem, as both first- and second-line treatment regimens include pyrazinamide. The accepted mechanism of action states that after the conversion of pyrazinamide into pyrazinoic acid by the bacterial pyrazinamidase enzyme, the drug is expelled from the bacteria by an efflux pump. The pyrazinoic a ... | 2011 | 22004792 |
| Protective immunity afforded by attenuated, PhoP-deficient Mycobacterium tuberculosis is associated with sustained generation of CD4(+) T-cell memory. | Definition of protective immunity induced by effective vaccines is important for the design of new pathogen control strategies. Inactivation of the PhoP response-regulator in Mycobacterium tuberculosis results in a highly attenuated strain that demonstrates impressive protective efficacy in pre-clinical models of tuberculosis. In this report we demonstrate that the protection afforded by the M. tuberculosis phoP mutant strain is associated with the long-term maintenance of CD4(+) T-cell memory. ... | 2011 | 22105536 |
| Antimycobacterial activities of 5-alkyl (or halo)-3'-substituted pyrimidine nucleoside analogs. | Several 5-alkyl (or halo)-3'-azido (amino or halo) analogs of pyrimidine nucleosides have been synthesized and evaluated against Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium. Among these compounds, 3'-azido-5-ethyl-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (3) was found to have significant antimycobacterial activities against M. bovis (MIC(50)=1µg/mL), M. tuberculosis (MIC(50)=10µg/mL) and M. avium (MIC(50)=10µg/mL). | 2011 | 22178557 |
| bactericidal effects and cytotoxicity of new aromatic dialdehyde disinfectants (ortho-phthalaldehyde). | we investigated the bactericidal effects and cytotoxicity of an ortho-phthalaldehyde product in comparison with those of its predecessor glutaraldehyde products. bactericidal effects ware examined on mycobacterium terrae, a standard organism used for investigating the bactericidal effect of high-level disinfectants. cytotoxicity as determined by the mtt assay was examined by using four cell lines. the colony forming test, a method to examine residual toxicity, and the evaporation test, a newly d ... | 2011 | 22190439 |
| presence of rd149 deletions in m. tuberculosis central asian strain 1 isolates affect growth and tnfα induction in thp-1 monocytes. | central asian strain 1 (cas1) is the prevalent mycobacterium tuberculosis genogroup in south asia. cas1 strains carry deletions in rd149 and rd152 regions. significance of these deletions is as yet unknown. we compared cas1 strains with rd149 and concurrent rd149-rd152 deletions with cas1 strains without deletions and with the laboratory reference strain, m. tuberculosis h37rv for growth and for induction of tnfα, il6, ccl2 and il10 in thp-1 cells. growth of cas1 strains with deletions was slowe ... | 2011 | 21904612 |
| interaction between mannosylated lipoarabinomannan and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin influences dendritic cells maturation and t cell immunity. | the aim of the study was to investigate the interaction between manlam and dc-sign influencing dcs maturation and downstream immune response using small interfering rna-expressing lentiviral vectors to specifically knockdown dc-sign. our data indicated that dc-sign knockdown alone in dcs did not affect the maturation or the immunological function of lipopolysacharide (lps)-activated dcs. surface molecules were dramatically down-regulated in dcs primed with manlam but not in mock control dcs (p<0 ... | 2011 | 22014390 |
| novel mycobacteria antigen 85 complex binding motif on fibronectin. | the members of the antigen 85 protein family (ag85), consisting of members ag85a, ag85b, and ag85c, are the predominantly secreted proteins of mycobacteria and possess the ability to specifically interact with fibronectin (fn). because fn-binding proteins are likely to be important virulence factors of mycobacterium spp., ag85 may contribute to the adherence, invasion, and dissemination of organisms in host tissue. in this study, we reported the fn binding affinity of ag85a, ag85b, and ag85c fro ... | 2011 | 22128161 |
| sequence-based analysis uncovers an abundance of non-coding rna in the total transcriptome of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | rna sequencing provides a new perspective on the genome of mycobacterium tuberculosis by revealing an extensive presence of non-coding rna, including long 5' and 3' untranslated regions, antisense transcripts, and intergenic small rna (srna) molecules. more than a quarter of all sequence reads mapping outside of ribosomal rna genes represent non-coding rna, and the density of reads mapping to intergenic regions was more than two-fold higher than that mapping to annotated coding sequences. select ... | 2011 | 22072964 |
| Chemical synthesis, biological evaluation and structure-activity relationship analysis of azaisoindolinones, a novel class of direct enoyl-ACP reductase inhibitors as potential antimycobacterial agents. | The synthesis and biological evaluation of azaisoindolinone compounds embedding a lipophilic chain on the framework were performed. These compounds were designed as InhA inhibitors and as anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis agents. Structure-activity relationships concerning the length and the location of the lipophilic chain around the azaisoindolinone framework, the suppression of the phenyl group, the bioisosteric substitution of ether link and alkylating of the tertiary hydroxyl and the hemiamid ... | 2011 | 21975068 |
| Bacille Calmette-Guérin lymphadenitis and recurrent oral candidiasis in an infant with a new mutation leading to interleukin-12 receptor beta-1 deficiency. | Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD) is a rare syndrome characterized by predisposition to infections caused by weakly virulent mycobacteria, such as those in bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine and environmental mycobacteria. Salmonellosis has been reported in almost half of affected patients. Patients are also vulnerable to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Several other infectious diseases may occur, albeit rarely. Mucocutaneous candidiasis is more common. Interleuk ... | 2011 | 21905505 |
| Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of varied ether linker analogues of the antitubercular drug (6S)-2-nitro-6-{[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]oxy}-6,7-dihydro-5h-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine (PA-824). | New analogues of antitubercular drug PA-824 were synthesized, featuring alternative side chain ether linkers of varying size and flexibility, seeking drug candidates with enhanced metabolic stability and high efficacy. Both a-methyl substitution and removal of the benzylic methylene were broadly tolerated in vitro, with a biaryl example of the latter class exhibiting an 8-fold better efficacy than the parent drug in a mouse model of acute Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and negligible fra ... | 2011 | 21846109 |
| th1/th17 cell induction and corresponding reduction in atp consumption following vaccination with the novel mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine mva85a. | vaccination with bacille calmette-guérin (bcg) has traditionally been used for protection against disease caused by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis (m.tb). the efficacy of bcg, especially against pulmonary tuberculosis (tb) is variable. the best protection is conferred in temperate climates and there is close to zero protection in many tropical areas with a high prevalence of both tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacterial species. although interferon (ifn)-γ is known to be important ... | 2011 | 21887254 |
| an inter-laboratory validation of a real time pcr assay to measure host excretion of bacterial pathogens, particularly of mycobacterium bovis. | advances in the diagnosis of mycobacterium bovis infection in wildlife hosts may benefit the development of sustainable approaches to the management of bovine tuberculosis in cattle. in the present study, three laboratories from two different countries participated in a validation trial to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of a real time pcr assay in the detection and quantification of m. bovis from environmental samples. the sample panels consisted of negative badger faeces spiked wi ... | 2011 | 22110634 |
| intestinal infection following aerosol challenge of calves with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | abstract: a challenge experiment was performed to investigate whether administration of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) via the respiratory route leads to map infection in calves. eighteen calves from test negative dams were randomly allocated to four groups. six calves were challenged with map nasally and six calves were challenged by transtracheal injection; three orally challenged calves served as positive controls, and three non challenged calves as negative controls. the c ... | 2011 | 22136728 |
| new insights into the pathogenesis of tuberculosis revealed by mycobacterium marinum: the zebrafish model from the systems biology perspective. | tuberculosis remains a worldwide health concern, largely due to the emergence of multi-drug-resistant (mdr) and extensive-drug-resistant (xdr) mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection with hiv. the exact mechanism of mycobacterium virulence, pathogenesis, and persistence is not fully understood. the hallmark of tuberculosis, granulomas are promoted by mycobacterium virulence factors, and they have long been considered a structural advantage to the host. however, this traditional view has been cha ... | 2011 | 22181703 |
| antibodies recognizing mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis epitopes cross-react with the beta-cell antigen znt8 in sardinian type 1 diabetic patients. | the environmental factors at play in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (t1d) remain enigmatic. mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is transmitted from dairy herds to humans through food contamination. map causes an asymptomatic infection that is highly prevalent in sardinian t1d patients compared with type 2 diabetes (t2d) and healthy controls. moreover, map elicits humoral responses against several mycobacterial proteins. we asked whether antibodies (abs) against one of thes ... | 2011 | 22046415 |
| [immunological signatures: a new tool to diagnose active tuberculosis disease?]. | | 2011 | 22027414 |
| genexpert® mtb/rif for rapid detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary samples. | | 2011 | 21943862 |
| rapid dna extraction for specific detection and quantitation of mycobacterium tuberculosis dna in sputum specimens using taqman assays. | rapid tuberculosis (tb) detection is critical for disease control, and further quantitation of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) in sputum is valuable for epidemiological and clinical studies. we evaluated a simple, robust and cost-efficient in-house dna extraction and downstream taqman approach for detection and quantitation of mtb genomes from sputum of newly-diagnosed tb patients and non-tb controls. dna was extracted using guanidine isothiocyanate and silica-based spin columns in less than 2 ... | 2011 | 22088321 |
| [our role in sentinel surveillance for drug resistance in leprosy by global leprosy programme]. | sentinel surveillance for drug resistance in leprosy by global leprosy programme has launched in 2006. possible contribution of japanese researchers to global leprosy control in the future were discussed on the base of circumstances of the project and our assignment in the sueveillance. | 2011 | 21941835 |
| modulation of the cytokine response in human monocytes by mycobacterium leprae phenolic glycolipid-1. | leprosy is a chronic but treatable infectious disease caused by the intracellular pathogen mycobacterium leprae. m. leprae cell wall is characterized by a unique phenolic glycolipid-1 (pgl-1) reported to have several immune functions. we have examined the role of pgl-1 in the modulation of monocyte cytokine/chemokine production in naive human monocytes. pgl-1 in its purified form or expressed in a recombinant mycobacterium bovis bacillus colmette-guérin (bcg) background (rbcg-pgl-1) was tested. ... | 2011 | 21981546 |
| [use of different pcr-based techniques integrated into a non-tuberculous identification algorithm]. | the aim of the present work was to demonstrate the utility of a non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) identification algorithm, which integrates different pcr-based techniques and basic phenotypic features. moreover, the algorithm for pattern restriction analysis of hsp65 (hsp65 pra) interpretation has been updated. | 2011 | 21924798 |
| simultaneous immunization against tuberculosis. | bcg, the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis, provides some protection against disseminated disease in infants but has little effect on prevention of adult pulmonary disease. newer parenteral immunization prime boost regimes may provide improved protection in experimental animal models but are unproven in man so that there remains a need for new and improved immunization strategies. | 2011 | 22110657 |
| old and new selective pressures on mycobacterium tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) has been affecting humans for millennia. there is increasing indication that human-adapted mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) has been co-evolving with different human populations. some of the most important drivers of mtbc evolution have been the host immune response and human demography. these old selective forces have shaped many of the features of human tb we see today. two new selective pressures have emerged only a few decades ago, namely hiv co-infection and the u ... | 2011 | 21867778 |
| Multiplex allele-specific PCR combined with PCR-RFLP analysis for rapid detection of gyrA gene fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. | A combined use of MAS-PCR (multiplex allele-specific PCR) and PCR-RFLP (PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism), was established to detect mutations in codons 90, 91 and 94 of the gyrA gene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). With conventional phenotypic drug susceptibility testing as a reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the modified method for gyrA gene mutation detection were 70.8%, 100% and 84.8% respectively. | 2012 | 22115861 |
| mycobacterium marinum infection causing extensive tissue destruction in a hypoxic copd patient. | we report a skin mycobacterium marinum infection presenting as wide ulcerative lesions of the arm (4 cm for the widest) in a hypoxic copd patient who takes 4 mg methylprednisolone daily and higher doses during exacerbations. diagnostic delay as well as glucocorticoid use could be responsible for the extension of the lesions. clinical resolution occurred after three months of antibiotic therapy. extensive ulcerative lesions are uncommon in mycobacterium marinum infection in an immunocompetent hos ... | 2011 | 21938990 |
| the population structure of drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from sichuan in china. | china ranks second next to india among 22 high-burden countries despite decades' effort on tuberculosis (tb) control. the sichuan province today contains the second-largest number of tb cases among chinese provinces, where the prevalence of drug-resistant tb, especially mdr-tb, is much higher than the average level in eastern china. in this study, the population structure and the transmission characteristics of drug-resistant tb in sichuan province were studied by spoligotyping and 24-locus myco ... | 2011 | 21989209 |
| first worldwide proficiency study on variable numbers of tandem repeats typing of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains. | although variable numbers of tandem repeats (vntr) typing has gained recognition as the new standard for dna fingerprinting of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtbc) isolates, external quality control programs have not yet been developed. therefore, we organized the first multi-center proficiency study on 24-locus vntr typing. sets of 30 dnas of mtbc strains, including ten duplicate dna samples, were distributed among 37 participating laboratories in 30 different countries worldwide. twenty-f ... | 2011 | 22170917 |
| diagnosing leprosy: revisiting the role of the slit-skin smear with critical analysis of the applicability of polymerase chain reaction in diagnosis. | diagnosing leprosy is challenging, especially in early-stage cases, and the need for a sensitive diagnostic tool is urgent. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) holds promise as a simple and sensitive diagnostic tool, but its usefulness in the indian context requires further evaluation. slit-skin smear (sss) remains the conventional method of leprosy detection. hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the diagnostic efficacy of pcr versus that of sss. | 2011 | 22097999 |
| GATA2 finds its macrophage niche. | | 2011 | 21903902 |
| Synthesis and antimycobacterial evaluation of 3a,4-dihydro-3H-indeno [1,2-c] pyrazole-2-carboxamide analogues. | In the present investigation, a series of 3a,4-dihydro-3H-indeno [1,2-c] pyrazole-2-carboxamide analogues were synthesized and were evaluated for antitubercular activity by two fold serial dilution technique. All the newly synthesized compounds showed low to good inhibitory activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv and multi-drug resistant M. tuberculosis (MDR-TB). 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-3a,4-dihydro-3H-indeno [1,2-c] pyrazole-2-carboxamide (4c) was found ... | 2011 | 21978838 |
| Screening for tuberculosis and hepatitis B prior to the initiation of anti-tumor necrosis therapy. | BACKGROUND: Since the introduction of infliximab, anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-a) agents have been used with increasing frequency for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Reactivation of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) soon became recognized as a complication of therapy. More recently, reactivation of hepatitis B while on anti-TNF therapy has been documented. The aim of this study was to assess the adherence to screening for latent TB and hepatitis B by gastroe ... | 2011 | 21953829 |
| Inadequate hospital ventilation system increases the risk of nosocomial Mycobacterium tuberculosis. | The ambient air in nine locations in a pulmonary hospital and a tuberculosis diagnostic laboratory was analysed to determine the hazard posed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In four locations, between 6 and 20 M. tuberculosis cell equivalents/m(3) were detected. The results indicated that inadequately ventilated corridors had the highest cell equivalents. In these areas healthcare workers were less aware of infection hazard compared to areas with known sources of M. tuberculosis and the wearing o ... | 2012 | 22130096 |
| Inside or outside the phagosome? The controversy of the intracellular localization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. | The localization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) inside the macrophage has been a matter of debate in recent years. Upon inhalation, the bacterium is taken up into macrophage phagosomes, which are manipulated by the bacterium. Subsequent translocation of the bacilli into the cytosol has been observed by several groups, while others fail to observe this phenomenon. Here, we review the available literature in favour of and against this idea, and scrutinize the existing data on how human macrop ... | 2011 | 22033468 |
| immune response to chlamydophila abortus pomp91b protein in the context of different pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamp); role of antigen in the orientation of immune response. | in a previous study, we used bacterial flagellin to deliver antigens such as p27 of mycobacterium tuberculosis to a host immune system and obtained a potent th1 response compared to those obtained with freund's adjuvant and dna immunization. in the current study, using a pomp91b antigen of chlamydophila abortus, a human and animal pathogen, as a model, we found that this antigen is unable to promote th1 response. however, this antigen, unlike others, was able to induce a good th2 response and il ... | 2009 | 22069532 |
| Seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in elks in Korea. | | 2011 | 22158271 |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Homologue Supports Vitamin K-Dependent Carboxylation in Mammalian Cells. | Abstract Aims: Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex, subunit 1 (VKORC1) is a critical participant in the production of active forms of reduced vitamin K and is required for modification of vitamin K-dependent proteins. Homologues of VKORC1 (VKORH) exist throughout evolution, but in bacteria they appear to function in oxidative protein folding as well as quinone reduction. In the current study we explore two questions: Do VKORHs function in the mammalian vitamin K cycle? Is the pair of loop cyst ... | 2011 | 21939388 |
| active tuberculosis among health care workers in portugal. | to determine the incidence of active tuberculosis (tb) in a cohort of health care workers (hcws). | 2011 | 22042396 |
| [severe disseminated tuberculosis in a patient on immunosuppressive treatment. report of one case]. | patients on immunosuppressive therapy are at increased risk of developing tuberculosis. we report a 39-year-old female with an ulcerative colitis receiving prednisone, azathioprine and azulfidine that was admitted to hospital due to fever, anemia, diarrhea and hematochezia. a chest ct scan showed multiple miliary micronodular images diffusely distributed and mediastinal enlarged lymph nodes with central necrosis, suggestive of disseminated tuberculosis. antituberculous treatment was started but ... | 2011 | 22051759 |
| ajuga remota benth.: from ethnopharmacology to phytomedical perspective in the treatment of malaria. | treatment and control of malaria have become more difficult with the spread of drug-resistant parasites and insecticide-resistant mosquito vectors. in the search for new antimalarial drugs, ethnopharmacological sources should merit more attention. establishing the safety of traditional herbal medicines, along with identifying their active principles, are essential steps in the production of a properly standardized and accessible herbal medicine. phytochemical characterization could also serve as ... | 2011 | 22015320 |
| PPE_MPTR genes are differentially expressed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vivo. | The PPE_MPTR protein sub-family is unique to mycobacteria and comprises proteins found only in MTB complex and in few other pathogenic mycobacteria. Very little is known about the precise function of PPE_MPTR, as well as on the expression pattern and the transcriptional regulation of their structural genes. In the present work, real time RT-PCR techniques were used to determine the expression profile of PPE_MPTR genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during infection in vivo and in different cultur ... | 2011 | 21890414 |
| Treatment and chemoprophylaxis for paratuberculosis. | There is no definitive cure for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infections, but several therapeutic agents may be used to alleviate clinical signs of Johne’s disease (JD) in ruminants of significant value. Treatment has to be maintained for the life of the animal and treated animals usually continue to shed MAP. No drugs are approved for treatment of JD in the United States; any drug use is “extra-label.” Isoniazid, rifampin, and clofazimine are most commonly used for treatment ... | 2011 | 22023833 |
| [a case with hepatitis and interstitial pneumonitis caused by intravesical bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) instillation]. | a 49-year man, with past history of right total nephroureterectomy due to urothelial carcinoma of the right renal pelvis in september 2006 and left partial ureterectomy due to contralateral ureteral recurrence in october 2007, underwent tur-bt due to superficial high-grade recurrent bladder cancer. after tur-bt, he was treated with intravesical bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) instillation at weekly intervals. just after 5th instillation, he suffered a continuous high fever up to 38 degrees c and ... | 2011 | 22191278 |
| Inhibition of adjuvant arthritis in rats by electroporation with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. | To assess the protective effects of the cytokine inhibitor interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) on gene induction, an electroporation technique to treat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats was established, and its advantage was estimated in the present study. Electroporation with human IL-1ra was performed in Lewis rats before and after induction of AIA. Local inflammation was evaluated by monitoring hind paw swelling, whereas histological evaluations were performed using paraffin emb ... | 2011 | 21859345 |
| Peptides of Lsr2 of Mycobacterium leprae show hierarchical responses in lymphoproliferative assays with selective recognition by anergic lepromatous leprosy patients. | Lsr2 protein of Mycobacterium leprae (ML) was shown earlier to elicit B and T cell responses in leprosy patients (20, 28). Lymphproliferation to ML and Lsr 2 antigens respectively was observed in > 70% of tuberculoid (T) and in 16 and 34 % of lepromatous (L) patients. We focused on the ML non responders in the lepromatous group using 22 synthetic Lsr 2 peptides (end to end: A to F, overlapping: p1 to p16) in in vitro T cell responses. A total of 125 leprosy, 13 tuberculosis patients and 17 healt ... | 2011 | 22144494 |
| Polymorphisms of the SLC11A1 gene and resistance to bovine tuberculosis in African Zebu cattle. | Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a considerable health threat to livestock keepers and general communities in many developing countries. Information on genetic resistance or susceptibility because of polymorphisms of candidate genes could be used in making selection decisions for breeding disease tolerant/resistant animals. Here, we investigated associations between polymorphisms at the solute carrier family 11 (proton-coupled divalent metal ion transporters), member 1 gene (SLC11A1, previously know ... | 2011 | 22035008 |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hip1 dampens macrophage proinflammatory responses by limiting toll-like receptor 2 activation. | Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a highly successful human pathogen that evades host innate immunity by interfering with macrophage functions. In addition to avoiding macrophage microbicidal activities, M. tuberculosis triggers secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in macrophages. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines induced by clinical M. tuberculosis isolates are thought to play an important role in determining tuberculosis disease progression and severity, but the mechanisms b ... | 2011 | 21947769 |
| transmission of dapsone-resistant leprosy detected by molecular epidemiological approaches. | drug resistance surveillance identified six untreated leprosy patients in the philippines with mycobacterium leprae folp1 mutations which confer dapsone resistance. five patients share a village of residence; four who carried the mutation, thr53val, were also linked by m. leprae variable-number tandem repeat (vntr) strain types. in india, folp1 mutations were detected in two relapse patients with a history of dapsone treatment. mutations were not found in the rifampin target gene rpob. these fin ... | 2011 | 21859943 |
| clinical significance of mycobacterium abscessus isolates at a medical center in northern taiwan. | | 2011 | 21855429 |
| comparison of decontamination methods for primary isolation of mycobacterium bovis in paucibacillary bovine tissues. | aims: to compare three decontamination methods applied to paucibacillary samples for primary isolation of mycobacterium bovis from suspect lesions. tuberculosis caused by myco. bovis is an important infectious disease of cattle in brazil and also has zoonotic potential. although a national campaign based on testing and slaughtering cattle has achieved good results, there is a strong need to develop better diagnostic methods to identify cattle with recent infections harbouring few bacilli. metho ... | 2011 | 22118726 |
| childhood leprosy in a tertiary-care hospital in delhi, india: a reappraisal in the post-elimination era. | to assess the profile and describe the clinical presentations, clinico-histopathological profile, complications and treatment compliance of childhood leprosy at a tertiary care hospital in north-east district of delhi during 2000-2009. | 2011 | 22125934 |
| New series of isoniazid hydrazones linked with electron-withdrawing substituents. | A series of new isoniazid hydrazones was synthesized by two procedures. In the first isoniazid was activated with diethoxymethyl acetate and condensed with the appropriate anilines. Alternatively, substituted anilines were activated by diethoxymethyl acetate and subsequently condensed with isoniazid. NMR study confirmed that both synthetic approaches gave the same tautomer. All compounds were screened for in vitro antimycobacterial activity. Most of them exhibited the same activity against Mycob ... | 2011 | 22018878 |
| Interferon-gamma release assays for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) have provided a new method for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. However, the role of IGRAs for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB), especially in HIV-infected patients remains unclear. | 2011 | 22069472 |
| tuberculosis infection in foreign-born children: a screening survey based on skin and blood testing. | this study, carried out in a low tuberculosis (tb) prevalence country with high immigration rates from high tb prevalence countries, deals with the interferon-gamma release assay, quantiferon®-tb gold in-tube, for the diagnosis of latent tb infection (ltbi) in foreign-born children. the results of our study highlight the potential advantages and concerns of using a blood test for diagnosing ltbi in a 'two-step' strategy in foreign-born children. | 2011 | 21943842 |
| immune-mediated adverse effects of biologicals used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. | biological agents represent a major advance in the treatment of rheumatic diseases, most particularly in the prevention of irreversible structural damage. while generally well tolerated, their increasing use continues to reveal a variety of immune-mediated adverse effects. the most frequent adverse events are infusion reactions and injection site reactions, but despite their fairly common occurrence the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. another adverse event that became appreciated ea ... | 2011 | 21907543 |
| characterization of sulfolipids of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv by multiple-stage linear ion-trap high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization reveals that the family of sulfolipid ii predominates. | mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is unique among bacterial pathogens in that it contains a wide array of complex lipids and lipoglycans on its cell wall. among them, the sulfated glycolipid, termed the sulfolipid, is thought to mediate specific host-pathogen interactions during infection. sulfolipids (sls), including sulfolipid i (sl-i) and sulfolipid ii (sl-ii), are 2,3,6,6'-tetraacyltrehalose 2'-sulfates. sl-i was identified as a family of homologous 2-palmitoyl ... | 2011 | 21919534 |
| mycobacterium szulgai: an unusual cause of disseminated mycobacterial infections. | | 2011 | 22038111 |
| The advantage of using IS6110-PCR vs. BACTEC culture for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from pleural fluid in northern India. | Pleural tuberculosis is an extra-pulmonary disease which poses a diagnostic dilemma. The detection of mycobacterial DNA by IS6110 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in clinical samples is a promising approach for the rapid diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis infections. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the advantage of using IS6110 PCR for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) from pleural fluid. 102 clinically suspected cases of pleural tuberculosis cases were en ... | 2011 | 21914951 |
| Differences in the peripheral immune response between lambs and adult ewes experimentally infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | The peripheral immune response, and its relationship with the outcome of the infection according to the age of the animal, has been investigated in young lambs and adult ewes experimentally infected with two different doses of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map). Sixteen 1.5-month-old lambs out of 24 and 23 adult ewes out of 30 were orally challenged with an ovine Map field isolate. Animals were divided into two groups: HD, infected with a higher dose of Map and LD, with a lowe ... | 2011 | 22070826 |
| Glycolytic and non-glycolytic functions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, an essential enzyme produced by replicating and non-replicating bacilli. | The search for antituberculosis drugs active against persistent bacilli has led to our interest in metallodependent class II fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA-tb), a key enzyme of gluconeogenesis absent from mammalian cells. Knock-out experiments at the fba-tb locus indicated that this gene is required for the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on gluconeogenetic substrates and in glucose-containing medium. Surface labeling and enzymatic activity measurements revealed that this enzyme wa ... | 2011 | 21949126 |
| human leucocytes response to viable, extended freeze-drying or heat-killed mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin. | we investigated the effects of viable, extended freeze-drying (efd) or heat-killed (hk) mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) in respiratory burst activity, gene expression of cybb and ncf1 encoding components of the human phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nadph) oxidase, tlr2 expression, and in il-10 and tnf-α cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). viable bcg significantly inhibited tlr2 and cybb gene expression, as well as superoxide re ... | 2012 | 21923742 |
| Evaluation of the risk of paratuberculosis in adult cows fed Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis DNA-positive or -negative colostrum as calves. | To estimate the risk of subclinical Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in cows that ingested MAP DNA-positive raw colostrum as calves, compared with risk in cows that ingested MAP DNA-negative raw colostrum as calves. | 2011 | 22023123 |
| meningoencephalitis associated with non-tuberculous mycobacteria. | non-tuberculous mycobacteria are fastidious, difficult organisms to identify, but are increasingly associated with human disease. we report a case of meningoencephalitis associated with mycobacterium malmoense and mycobacterium interjectum co-isolation from cerebrospinal fluid. recognition of these slow growing mycobacteria is important due to differences from standard mycobacterial treatments. we illustrate the rare occurrence of m malmoense as a central nervous system isolate, appearing almost ... | 2009 | 22110557 |
| [Tuberculosis in Poland 2009]. | 8236 TB cases were reported in Poland in 2009. The incidence rate was 21.6 cases per 100 000, with large variability between voivodeships from 13.6 in the west to 34.3 in the east of the country. The mean annual decrease of TB incidence in 2000-2009 was 2.7%. 7261 cases had no history of previous treatment i.e. 19.0 per 100.000. The number of all notified pulmonary tuberculosis cases was 7654 i.e. 20.1 per 100.000. The proportion of extrapulmonary tuberculosis was 7.1% (582 cases). TB was diagno ... | 2011 | 21913480 |
| Synthesis, antimicrobial, antimycobacterial and structure-activity relationship of substituted pyrazolo-, isoxazolo-, pyrimido- and mercaptopyrimidocyclohepta[b]indoles. | A new class of heterocycles, specifically substituted pyrazolo-, isoxazolo- and pyrimidocyclohepta[b]indoles, has been prepared by condensation of substituted 7-(hydroxymethylene)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrocyclohepta[b]indol-6(5H)-ones with hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, phenylhydrazine, urea and thiourea, respectively. The structures of the compounds were established by IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, mass spectral analysis, X-ray diffraction, and the compounds have been screened for in vitr ... | 2011 | 22119150 |
| Genome sequence of the Mycobacterium colombiense type strain, CECT 3035. | We report the first whole-genome sequence of the Mycobacterium colombiense type strain, CECT 3035, which was initially isolated from Colombian HIV-positive patients and causes respiratory and disseminated infections. Preliminary comparative analyses indicate that the M. colombiense lineage has experienced a substantial genome expansion, possibly contributing to its distinct pathogenic capacity. | 2011 | 21952541 |
| synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling of chalcone derivatives as potent inhibitors of mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatases (ptpa and ptpb). | tuberculosis (tb) is a major infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). according to the world health organization (who), about 1.8 million people die from tb and 10 million new cases are recorded each year. recently, a new series of naphthylchalcones has been identified as inhibitors of mtb protein tyrosine phosphatases (ptps). in this work, 100 chalcones were designed, synthesized, and investigated for their inhibitory properties against mtbptps. structure-activity relati ... | 2011 | 22136336 |
| mdor is a novel positive transcriptional regulator for the oxidation of methanol in mycobacterium sp. strain jc1. | mycobacterium sp. strain jc1 is able to grow on methanol as a sole source of carbon and energy using methanol:n,n'-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline oxidoreductase (mdo) as a key enzyme for methanol oxidation. the second open reading frame (mdor) upstream of, and running divergently from, the mdo gene was identified as a gene for a tetr family transcriptional regulator. the n-terminal region of mdor contained a helix-turn-helix dna-binding motif. an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (emsa) indicated ... | 2011 | 21908665 |
| a novel multiplex real-time pcr for the identification of mycobacteria associated with zoonotic tuberculosis. | tuberculosis (tb) is the leading cause of death worldwide from a single infectious agent. an ability to detect the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) in clinical material while simultaneously differentiating its members is considered important. this allows for the gathering of epidemiological information pertaining to the prevalence, transmission and geographical distribution of the mtc, including those mtc members associated with zoonotic tb infection in humans. also differentiating betwe ... | 2011 | 21858140 |
| promiscuous peptide of 16 kda antigen linked to pam2cys protects against mycobacterium tuberculosis by evoking enduring memory t-cell response. | one of the main reasons considered for bcg failure in tuberculosis-endemic areas is impediment by environmental mycobacteria in its processing and generation of memory t-cell response. to overcome this problem, we developed a unique lipopeptide (l91) by linking the promiscuous peptide (sequence 91-110) of 16 kda antigen of mycobacterium tuberculosis to pam2cys. l91 does not require extensive antigen processing and generates enduring th1 memory response. this is evidenced by the fact that l91 sig ... | 2011 | 21933875 |
| [Nontuberculous mycobacteria]. | Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most common nontuberculous mycobacterial pathogen in Japan. There are 2 major types of clinical manifestations of MAC disease, including fibrocavitary disease and nodular bronchiectatic disease. Primary treatment of MAC disease is medical treatment. Standard multidrug regimens employ clarithromycin, rifampicin, and ethambutol. Aminoglycoside (streptomycin or kanamycin) is added if necessary. Patients whose disease is predominantly localized to 1 lung and ... | 2011 | 21916188 |
| harmonine, a defence compound from the harlequin ladybird, inhibits mycobacterial growth and demonstrates multi-stage antimalarial activity. | the harlequin ladybird beetle harmonia axyridis has been introduced in many countries as a biological control agent, but has become an invasive species threatening the biodiversity of native ladybirds. its invasive success has been attributed to its vigorous resistance against diverse pathogens. this study demonstrates that harmonine ((17r,9z)-1,17-diaminooctadec-9-ene), which is present in h. axyridis haemolymph, displays broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that includes human pathogens. anti ... | 2011 | 21937493 |