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arthrobacter defluvii sp. nov., 4-chlorophenol-degrading bacteria isolated from sewage.two 4-chlorophenol-degrading bacteria, strains 4c1-at and 4c1-b, were isolated from sewage flowing into geumho river near the daegu industrial complex in korea. cells of the strains were gram-positive and non-motile, displayed a rod-coccus life cycle and formed creamy white colonies on r2a agar or peptone-carbohydrate agar. the strains had chemotaxonomic markers that were consistent with classification in the genus arthrobacter, i.e. mk-9(h2) as the major menaquinone, iso- and anteiso-branched c ...200818676480
corynebacterium ilicis is typified by icmp 2608 =icpb ci144, arthrobacter ilicis is typified by dsm 20138 =atcc 14264 =ncppb 1228 and the two are not homotypic synonyms, and clarification of the authorship of these two species. opinion 87.the judicial commission rules that the name corynebacterium ilicis mandel et al. 1961 is represented by the type strain icmp 2608 =icpb ci144 and is reported to be a plant-pathogenic species. arthrobacter ilicis is represented by the type strain dsm 20138 =atcc 14264 =ncppb 1228 and is not a homotypic synonym of corynebacterium ilicis mandel et al. 1961, and is reported not to be a plant pathogen. the authorship is to be cited as arthrobacter ilicis collins et al. 1982 and typification and the d ...200818676493
enhanced glycosylation with mutants of endohexosaminidase a (endo a). 200818677737
[catabolite repression of xylose isomerase synthesis in arthrobacter ureafaciens].the effect of a specific substrate as well as other carbon sources on the biosynthesis of xylose isomerase in the actinobacterium arthrobacter ureafaciens bim b-6 has been studied. it was established that xylose and its structural analogue xylite induced the production of the enzyme by bacterial cells. the inducing effect peaked at a concentration of specific substrates of 0.025% (as carbon) and then remained unchanged irrespective of the substrate amount. it has been shown that the synthesis of ...200818683646
the screening, characterization, and use of omega-laurolactam hydrolase: a new enzymatic synthesis of 12-aminolauric acid.several omega-laurolactam degrading microorganisms were isolated from soil samples. these strains were capable of growing in a medium containing omega-laurolactam as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. among them, five strains (t7, t31, u124, u224, and u238) were identified as cupriavidus sp. t7, acidovorax sp. t31, cupriavidus sp. u124, rhodococcus sp. u224, and sphingomonas sp. u238, respectively. the omega-laurolactam hydrolyzing enzyme from rhodococcus sp. u224 was purified to homogeneity, a ...200818685217
a refinery sludge deposition site: presence of nahh and alkj genes and crude oil biodegradation ability of bacterial isolates.204 bacterial isolates from four greek refinery sludge deposition sites were investigated for the presence of nahh and alkj genes encoding key enzymes of both aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon degradation pathways by pcr and dna hybridisation. members of pseudomonas, acinetobacter, bacillus, rhodococcus and arthrobacter play important role in bioremediation processes in sandy/loam soil contaminated with oil and nahh and alkj genes were present in the 73% of the isolates. consortia of bacterial ...200818688575
chromium (vi) reduction in activated sludge bacteria exposed to high chromium loading.a mixed-culture of bacteria collected from a wastewater treatment plant in brits, north-west province (south africa) biocatalytically reduced cr(vi) at much higher concentrations than previously observed in cultures isolated in north america. complete cr(vi) reduction in aerobic cultures was achieved at a high concentration of 200 mg/l after incubation for only 65 hours. under anaerobic conditions up to 150 mg, cr(vi)/l was completely removed after incubating for 130 to 155 hours, still higher t ...200818701792
recovery of choline oxidase activity by in vitro recombination of individual segments.initial attempts to express a choline oxidase from arthrobacter pascens (apcho-syn) in escherichia coli starting from a synthetic gene only led to inactive protein. however, activity was regained by the systematic exchange of individual segments of the gene with segments from a choline oxidase-encoding gene from arthrobacter globiformis yielding a functional chimeric enzyme. next, a sequence alignment of the exchanged segment with other choline oxidases revealed a mutation in the apcho-syn, show ...200818704397
genome sequence of the fish pathogen renibacterium salmoninarum suggests reductive evolution away from an environmental arthrobacter ancestor.renibacterium salmoninarum is the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease and a significant threat to healthy and sustainable production of salmonid fish worldwide. this pathogen is difficult to culture in vitro, genetic manipulation is challenging, and current therapies and preventative strategies are only marginally effective in preventing disease. the complete genome of r. salmoninarum atcc 33209 was sequenced and shown to be a 3,155,250-bp circular chromosome that is predicted to contain ...200818723615
cold adaptation of enzyme reaction rates.a major issue for organisms living at extreme temperatures is to preserve both stability and activity of their enzymes. cold-adapted enzymes generally have a reduced thermal stability, to counteract freezing, and show a lower enthalpy and a more negative entropy of activation compared to mesophilic and thermophilic homologues. such a balance of thermodynamic activation parameters can make the reaction rate decrease more linearly, rather than exponentially, as the temperature is lowered, but the ...200818759500
chromium (vi) reduction in activated sludge bacteria exposed to high chromium loading: brits culture (south africa).a mixed-culture of bacteria collected from a wastewater treatment plant in brits, north-west province (south africa) biocatalytically reduced cr(vi) at much higher concentrations than previously observed in cultures isolated in north america. cr(vi) reduction rate up to 8 times higher than the rate in previous cultures was achieved by the brits culture under aerobic conditions. near complete cr(vi) reduction was observed in batches under initial concentrations up to 200mg cr(vi)/l after incubati ...200818760438
application of 16s rdna-dgge and plate culture to characterization of bacterial communities associated with the sawfly, acantholyda erythrocephala (hymenoptera, pamphiliidae).culture-based analysis was employed in parallel with pcr amplification of 16s rdna, coupled with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge), to profile bacterial species associated with different developmental stages of the pine false webworm (pfw), acantholyda erythrocephala, a sawfly pest responsible for incidents of severe defoliation in commercially important tree plantations in north america. culture-based analysis revealed that pseudomonas spp. along with bacillus sphaericus and arthro ...200818769850
[microbial community of freshwater sponges in lake baĭkal].the microbial community of baikal sponges has been studied in five species belonging to the genera swartschewskia, baicalospongia, and lubomirskia of the endemic family lubomirskiidae. the results show that the total numbers of bacteria and bacterioplankton production have an effect on the growth of l. baicalensis body. bacteria of the genera pseudomonas, bacillus, micrococcus, sarcina, flavobacterium, arthrobacter, and acinetobacter living in the sponges are representatives of the baikal bacter ...200818771026
coupled biocatalysts applied to the synthesis of nucleosides.biocatalytic procedures offer a good alternative to the chemical synthesis of nucleosides since biocatalyzed reactions are regio- and stereoselective and afford reduced by-products contents. among them, enzymatic transglycosylation between a pyrimidine nucleoside and a purine base catalyzed by nucleoside phosphorylases or microorganisms that contain them, has attracted considerable attention. in addition, the combination to other enzymatic steps has been explored. in this work we investigate the ...200818776493
plasmon microscopy and imaging ellipsometry of artrobacter oxydans attached on polymer films.the attachment of artrobacter oxydans 1,388 on a newly synthesized biodegradable copolymer of poly-(hexanlactam)-co-block-poly-(delta-valerolactone) is investigated by optical, microscopic and biochemical methods. the potentials of surface plasmon microscopy and imaging ellipsometry for detecting microorganisms when al films are used to excite plasmons is assessed by comparing images obtained by these methods with dark field microscopy pictures. the experimental results demonstrate that in this ...200818565743
thermodynamic analysis of denaturant-induced unfolding of hodc69s protein supports a three-state mechanism.thermodynamic stability parameters and the equilibrium unfolding mechanism of his 6hodc69s, a mutant of 1 h-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase (hod) having a cys to ser exchange at position 69 and an n-terminal hexahistidine tag (his 6hodc69s), have been derived from isothermal unfolding studies using guanidine hydrochloride (gdnhcl) or urea as denaturants. the conformational changes were monitored by following changes in circular dichroism (cd), fluorescence, and dynamic light scattering ...200818549245
multi-compound electrophoretic assays for tyramine oxidase with a uv area detector imaging multiple windows on a looped capillary.active pixel sensor uv area imaging and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection have been applied in an electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (emma) assay for substrate specificity of tyramine oxidase (arthrobacter sp.). use of the uv area imaging detector to monitor four windows in a capillary with three loops provided intrinsic self-referencing for all species and identified tyramine and 2-phenethylamine as the only reactive components in a multi-compound mixture. continuo ...200818589431
characterization and validation of a bioluminescent bioreporter for the direct detection of escherichia coli.a two-component bacteriophage-based bioluminescent reporter system was developed for the detection of escherichia coli in environmental samples. the bioreporter system consists of a luxi integrated lambda bacteriophage and a lux-based bioluminescent reporter cell that responds to the infection event through acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl) mediated quorum sensing and bioluminescent signal stimulation. this work addresses the ability of the bioreporter system to detect and quantify the target pathog ...200818593593
complete degradation of butyl benzyl phthalate by a defined bacterial consortium: role of individual isolates in the assimilation pathway.two bacterial strains, in consortium, were isolated by enrichment techniques from municipal waste-contaminated soil, which utilized butyl benzyl phthalate (bbp) as the sole carbon source. one of the isolates was identified as arthrobacter sp. strain wy and the other one as acinetobacter sp. strain fw based on the morphological, nutritional and biochemical characteristics and 16s rrna sequence analysis. various metabolites of bbp engendered by arthrobacter sp. strain wy were isolated and identifi ...200817669462
continuous deodorization and bacterial community analysis of a biofilter treating nitrogen-containing gases from swine waste storage pits.a biofilter inoculated with arthrobacter sp. was applied to the simultaneous elimination of trimethylamine (tma) and ammonia (nh3) from the exhaust air of swine waste storage pits. the results showed that the biofilter achieved average removal efficiencies of 96.8+/-2.5% and 97.2+/-2.3% for tma and nh3, respectively. a near-neutral ph (7.3-7.4) was maintained due to the accumulation of acid metabolites and the adsorption of alkaline nh3. low moisture demand, low pressure drop and high biofilm st ...200817697773
the distribution of acetohydroxyacid synthase in soil bacteria.most bacteria possess the enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase, which is used to produce branched-chain amino acids. enteric bacteria contain several isozymes suited to different conditions, but the distribution of acetohydroxyacid synthase in soil bacteria is largely unknown. growth experiments confirmed that escherichia coli, salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, and enterobacter aerogenes contain isozymes of acetohydroxyacid synthase, allowing the bacteria to grow in the presence of valine (w ...200817624809
biodegradation and bioremediation of endosulfan contaminated soil.among the three mixed bacterial culture ae, be, and ce, developed by enrichment technique with endosulfan as sole carbon source, consortium ce was found to be the most efficient with 72% and 87% degradation of alpha-endosulfan and beta-endosulfan, respectively, in 20 days. in soil microcosm, consortium ae, be and ce degraded alpha-endosulfan by 57%, 88% and 91%, respectively, whereas beta-endosulfan was degraded by 4%, 60% and 67% after 30 days. ochrobacterum sp., arthrobacter sp., and burkholde ...200817646098
trans-stilbene degradation by arthrobacter sp. sl3 cells.trans-stilbene degradation was examined by the reaction using resting cells of microorganisms isolated through the enrichment culture using trans-stilbene. the strain sl3, showing the highest trans-stilbene-degrading activity, was identified as arthrobacter sp. one of the reaction products was identified to be cis,cis-muconic acid. arthrobacter sp. sl3 cells also transformed benzaldehyde, benzoic acid and catechol into cis,cis-muconic acid, suggesting that one benzene ring of trans-stilbene was ...200817885812
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizospheric bacteria diversity along an altitudinal gradient in south american puna grassland.rhizospheric soil samples were taken from puna native grasses along an altitudinal gradient. biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) and associated bacteria was analyzed considering altitude and grasses photosynthetic pathways (metabolic type c3, c4). cultivation-dependent approaches were applied to obtain further information about the phylogeny of the dominating cultivable aerobic-heterotrophic bacteria communities present in rhizospheric soil samples. in average, the bacterial count ...200817912580
degradation of mixtures of phenolic compounds by arthrobacter chlorophenolicus a6.in this study the chlorophenol-degrading actinobacterium, arthrobacter chlorophenolicus a6, was tested for its ability to grow on mixtures of phenolic compounds. during the experiments depletion of the compounds was monitored, as were cell growth and activity. activity assays were based on bioluminescence output from a luciferase-tagged strain. when the cells were grown on a mixture of 4-chlorophenol, 4-nitrophenol and phenol, 4-chlorophenol degradation apparently was delayed until 4-nitrophenol ...200817917705
oligosaccharide profiles of the prostate specific antigen in free and complexed forms from the prostate cancer patient serum and in seminal plasma: a glycopeptide approach.the oligosaccharide structures of prostate specific antigen (psa) are expected to be useful in discriminating prostate cancer from benign conditions both accompanied by increased serum psa levels. a large proportion of psa forms a covalent complex with a glycoprotein, alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin, in human blood. in the present study, the glycan profiles of free and complexed forms of psa from cancer patient serum and of seminal plasma psa were compared by analyzing the glycopeptides obtained by ly ...200817956937
microbial interactions within a cheese microbial community.the interactions that occur during the ripening of smear cheeses are not well understood. yeast-yeast interactions and yeast-bacterium interactions were investigated within a microbial community composed of three yeasts and six bacteria found in cheese. the growth dynamics of this community was precisely described during the ripening of a model cheese, and the lotka-volterra model was used to evaluate species interactions. subsequently, the effects on ecosystem functioning of yeast omissions in ...200817981942
simultaneous mineralization of glyphosate and diuron by a consortium of three bacteria as free- and/or immobilized-cells formulations.a bacterial consortium able to mineralize two herbicides, glyphosate (pseudomonas 4asw) and diuron (arthrobacter sp. n4 and delftia acidovorans), was cultivated in both a synthetic culture medium without phosphate and a sediment extract medium. in the aim at optimizing glyphosate and diuron mineralization, all the combinations, i.e., free and/or immobilized cells in ca-alginate beads were tested. with the synthetic medium, the simultaneous mineralization of glyphosate and diuron required at leas ...200818026726
arthrobacter oryzae sp. nov. and arthrobacter humicola sp. nov.two novel bacterial strains were isolated from a paddy soil sample collected in japan using gpm agar plates supplemented with superoxide dismutase and/or catalase. the strains were gram-positive, catalase-positive and motile, with lysine as the peptidoglycan diagnostic diamino acid and acetyl as the peptidoglycan acyl type. the major menaquinone was mk-9(h(2)). mycolic acids were not detected. the g+c content of the dna was 66-68 mol%. on the basis of phenotypic analysis, 16s rrna gene sequence ...200818175682
degradation of 4-fluorophenol by arthrobacter sp. strain if1.a gram-positive bacterial strain capable of aerobic biodegradation of 4-fluorophenol (4-fp) as the sole source of carbon and energy was isolated by selective enrichment from soil samples collected near an industrial site. the organism, designated strain if1, was identified as a member of the genus arthrobacter on the basis of 16s ribosomal rna gene sequence analysis. arthrobacter strain if1 was able to mineralize 4-fp up to concentrations of 5 mm in batch culture. stoichiometric release of fluor ...200818228015
selection and identification of bacterial strains with methyl-tert-butyl ether, ethyl-tert-butyl ether, and tert-amyl methyl ether degrading capacities.nine bacterial strains isolated from two hydrocarbon-contaminated soils were selected because of their capacity for growth in culture media amended with 200 mg/l of one of the following gasoline oxygenates: methyl-tert-butyl ether (mtbe), ethyl-tert-butyl ether (etbe), and tert-amyl methyl ether (tame). these strains were identified by amplification of their 16s rrna gene, using fdl and rd1 primers, and were tested for their capacity to grow and biotransform these oxygenates in both mineral and ...200818522454
comparative analysis of eight arthrobacter plasmids.despite the prevalence of arthrobacter in the environment little is known about their plasmids, or the capacity of arthrobacter plasmids to mediate horizontal gene transfer. in this study, we compared eight plasmids from five arthrobacter strains in order to identify putative core maintenance genes for replication, segregation, and conjugation. iteron like sequences were identified on some of the plasmids; however, no genes with obvious similarity to known replication sequences such as an origin ...200818241920
the effect of cysteine on production of volatile sulphur compounds by cheese-ripening bacteria.the effect of cysteine on the ability of smear cheese-ripening bacteria (brevibacterium linens and arthrobacter spp) to produce volatile sulphur compounds (vsc) from methionine was studied. these bacteria were cultivated in a synthetic medium supplemented with various cysteine concentrations with or without methionine. cultures with only cysteine showed slightly lower levels of vsc produced and an unpleasant odour like rotten eggs, resulting from hydrogen sulphide production. the levels and prof ...200818262300
novel chromium tolerant microorganisms: isolation, characterization and their biosorption capacity.effluent from tannery, electroplating and electronic industries contain chromium which is highly toxic. this paper reports isolation of chromium tolerant microorganisms from solid waste as well as liquid effluent of an electroplating industry. nine isolates were obtained that can tolerate chromium concentration up to 700mg/l. they reach their stationary phase within 8-12h and can biosorb 95% of initial 200mg/l concentration of chromium within 4-10h. fourier transform infra red analysis of the bi ...200818272220
commercial ripening starter microorganisms inoculated into cheese milk do not successfully establish themselves in the resident microbial ripening consortia of a south german red smear cheese.production of smear-ripened cheese critically depends on the surface growth of multispecies microbial consortia comprising bacteria and yeasts. these microorganisms often originate from the cheese-making facility and, over many years, have developed into rather stable, dairy-specific associations. while commercial smear starters are frequently used, it is unclear to what degree these are able to establish successfully within the resident microbial consortia. thus, the fate of the smear starters ...200818281427
rapid mineralization of the phenylurea herbicide diuron by variovorax sp. strain srs16 in pure culture and within a two-member consortium.the phenylurea herbicide diuron [n-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-n,n-dimethylurea] is widely used in a broad range of herbicide formulations, and consequently, it is frequently detected as a major water contaminant in areas where there is extensive use. we constructed a linuron [n-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-n-methoxy-n-methylurea]- and diuron-mineralizing two-member consortium by combining the cooperative degradation capacities of the diuron-degrading organism arthrobacter globiformis strain d47 and the linuro ...200818296530
synthesis and inhibitory activity of oligosaccharide thiazolines as a class of mechanism-based inhibitors for endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidases.a facile synthesis of oligosaccharide-thiazoline derivatives of n-glycans as a novel class of inhibitors for endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidases was described. it was found that the external sugar residues on the n-glycan core could enhance the inhibitory potency. while the manbeta1,4glcnac- and man3glcnac-thiazolines were only moderate inhibitors, the large man9glcnac-thiazoline demonstrated potent inhibitory activity, with an ic(50) of 0.22 and 0.42 microm against the arthrobacter enzyme (endo- ...200818304822
application of pcr-sscp for molecular epidemiological studies on the exposure of farm children to bacteria in environmental dust.the environmental exposure of farm children to microorganisms in dust has become a focus of interest, since microbial exposure on farms has been related to a reduced prevalence of asthma and atopic diseases in children. previous studies almost exclusively focused on the determination of microbial counts using conventional culturing or the determination of microbial compounds i.e. endotoxins. in this study pcr-sscp (single-strand conformation polymorphism) was modified for characterising bacteria ...200818321601
biofiltration of trimethylamine, dimethylamine, and methylamine by immobilized paracoccus sp. cp2 and arthrobacter sp. cp1.a biofilter using granular activated carbon with immobilized paracoccus sp. cp2 was applied to the elimination of 10-250 ppm of trimethylamine (tma), dimethylamine (dma), and methylamine (ma). the results indicated that the system effectively treated ma (>93%), dma (>90%), and tma (>85%) under high loading conditions, and the maximum degradation rates were 1.4, 1.2, and 0.9g-nkg(-1) gac d(-1). among the three different amines treated, tma was the most difficult to degrade and resulted in ammonia ...200818331754
characterization of a cryptic plasmid from a greenland ice core arthrobacter isolate and construction of a shuttle vector that replicates in psychrophilic high g+c gram-positive recipients.over 60 greenland glacial isolates were screened for plasmids and antibiotic resistance/sensitivity as the first step in establishing a genetic system. sequence analysis of a small, cryptic, 1,950 bp plasmid, p54, from isolate gic54, related to arthrobacter agilis, showed a region similar to that found in theta replicating rhodococcus plasmids. a 6,002 bp shuttle vector, psvj21, was constructed by ligating p54 and puc18 and inserting a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (cat) cassette conferring ...200818335166
arthrobacter soli sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from wastewater reservoir sediment.a novel gram-positive bacterium, designated syb2t, was isolated from wastewater reservoir sediment, and a polyphasic taxonomic study was conducted based on its morphological, physiological, and biochemical features, as well as the analysis of its 16s rrna gene sequence. during the phylogenetic analysis of the strain syb2t, results of a 16s rrna gene sequence analysis placed this bacterium in the genus arthrobacter within the family micrococcaceae. syb2t and arthrobacter protophormiae atcc 19271t ...200818337691
functional diversity and electron donor dependence of microbial populations capable of u(vi) reduction in radionuclide-contaminated subsurface sediments.in order to elucidate the potential mechanisms of u(vi) reduction for the optimization of bioremediation strategies, the structure-function relationships of microbial communities were investigated in microcosms of subsurface materials cocontaminated with radionuclides and nitrate. a polyphasic approach was used to assess the functional diversity of microbial populations likely to catalyze electron flow under conditions proposed for in situ uranium bioremediation. the addition of ethanol and gluc ...200818378664
chemostat selection of a bacterial community able to degrade s-triazinic compounds: continuous simazine biodegradation in a multi-stage packed bed biofilm reactor.using a successive transfer method on mineral salt medium containing simazine, a microbial community enriched with microorganisms able to grow on simazine was obtained. afterwards, using a continuous enrichment culture procedure, a bacterial community able to degrade simazine from an herbicide formulation was isolated from a chemostat. the continuous selector, fed with a mineral salt medium containing simazine and adjuvants present in the commercial herbicide formulation, was maintained in opera ...200818392868
catalytic mechanism of inulinase from arthrobacter sp. s37.detailed catalytic roles of the conserved glu323, asp460, and glu519 of arthrobacter sp. s37 inulinase (enia), a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 32, were investigated by site-directed mutagenesis and ph-dependence studies of the enzyme efficiency and homology modeling were carried out for enia and for d460e mutant. the enzyme efficiency (k(cat)/k(m)) of the e323a and e519a mutants was significantly lower than that of the wild-type due to a substantial decrease in k(cat), but not due to ...200818395004
[isolation of antibiotic resistance bacterial strains from east siberia permafrost sediments].a collection of bacterial antibiotic resistance strains isolated from arctic permafrost subsoil sediments of various age and genesis was created. the collection included approximately 100 strains of gram-positive (firmicutes, arthrobacter) and gram-negative bacteria (bacteroidetes, gamma-proteobacteria, and alpha-proteobacteria) resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamycin, kanamycin, and streptomycin), chloramphenicol and tetracycline. antibiotic resistance spectra were shown to differ i ...200818409385
genetic analysis of phenylacetic acid catabolism in arthrobacter oxydans cect386.arthrobacter oxydans cect386 is a gram-positive bacterium able to use either phenylacetic acid or phenylacetaldehyde as the sole carbon and energy source for aerobic growth. genes responsible for the catabolism of these compounds have been located at two chromosomal regions and were organized in one isolated paan gene and two putative paa operons, one consisting of the paad, paaf, tetr and prot genes, and one consisting of the paag, paah, paai, paaj, paak and paab genes. the identity of the paaf ...200818437357
structure of 2,6-dihydroxypyridine 3-hydroxylase from a nicotine-degrading pathway.the enzyme 2,6-dihydroxypyridine-3-hydroxylase catalyzes the sixth step of the nicotine degradation pathway in arthrobacter nicotinovorans. the enzyme was produced in escherichia coli, purified and crystallized. the crystal structure was solved at 2.6 a resolution, revealing a significant structural relationship with the family of fad-dependent aromatic hydroxylases, but essentially no sequence homology. the structure was aligned with those of the established family members, showing that the fad ...200818440023
study of cadmium, zinc and lead biosorption by orange wastes using the subsequent addition method.the biosorption of several metals (cd2+, zn2+ and pb2+) by orange wastes has been investigated in binary systems. multicomponent sorption isotherms were obtained using an original procedure, similar to that proposed by pagnanelli et al. [pagnanelli, f., petrangeli, m.p., toro, l., trifoni, m., veglio, f., 2001a. biosorption of metal ions on arthrobacter sp.: biomass characterization and biosorption modelling. environ. sci. technol. 34, 2773-2778] for monoelement systems, known as subsequent addi ...200818440805
[restriction endonuclease asi256i recognizing the nucleotide sequence 5'-gatc-3'].a strain producing a restriction endonuclease was isolated from soil samples and identified as the arthrobacter sp. strain ck256. the enzyme produced by this strain was termed asi2561. the isolation procedure for this enzyme was described, and the optimal conditions for its function were determined. it was shown that the restriction endonuclease asi256i is a true isoschizomer of mboi, it has a temperature optimum of 6 degrees c, and can be used in molecular-biological and genetic-engineering stu ...200818491594
swapping metals in fe- and mn-dependent dioxygenases: evidence for oxygen activation without a change in metal redox state.biological o(2) activation often occurs after binding to a reduced metal [e.g., m(ii)] in an enzyme active site. subsequent m(ii)-to-o(2) electron transfer results in a reactive m(iii)-superoxo species. for the extradiol aromatic ring-cleaving dioxygenases, we have proposed a different model where an electron is transferred from substrate to o(2) via the m(ii) center to which they are both bound, thereby obviating the need for an integral change in metal redox state. this model is tested by usin ...200818492808
enantiomer-specific binding of ruthenium(ii) molecular wires by the amine oxidase of arthrobacter globiformis.the copper amine oxidase from arthrobacter globiformis (agao) is reversibly inhibited by molecular wires comprising a ru(ii) complex head group and an aromatic tail group joined by an alkane linker. the crystal structures of a series of ru(ii)-wire-agao complexes differing with respect to the length of the alkane linker have been determined. all wires lie in the agao active-site channel, with their aromatic tail group in contact with the trihydroxyphenylalanine quinone (tpq) cofactor of the enzy ...200818507382
the shortest wire. 200818508968
analysis of enzyme-treated red blood cell surface and haemagglutination using a theory of soft-particle electrophoresis.enzymatic treatment of red blood cells is thought to reduce the cell zeta (zeta) potential, effectively decreasing the distance between cells to less than the length of an immunoglobulin g antibody binding site, and resulting in agglutination of cells. however, the zeta potential given by smoluchowski's formula is based on theories of the electrophoresis of hard colloidal particles. a theory has recently been developed for the electrophoresis of colloidal particles covered with polyelectrolytes, ...200818510578
manipulation of sinapine, choline and betaine accumulation in arabidopsis seed: towards improving the nutritional value of the meal and enhancing the seedling performance under environmental stresses in oilseed crops.sinapoylcholine (sinapine) is the most abundant antinutritional phenolic compound in cruciferous seeds. the quaternary ammonium compounds, choline, betaine and n,n-dimethylglycine, reside along a biosynthetic pathway linked to the synthesis of membrane phospholipids and neurotransmitters with various biological functions. in chicken, choline intake is required for optimal egg-laying performance and a choline supplement in diet is positively correlated with weight gains. a key step in sinapine bi ...200818515127
endohexosaminidase-catalysed glycosylation with oxazoline donors: fine tuning of catalytic efficiency and reversibility.a complete series of oxazoline di-, tri-, tetra-, and hexasaccharides, corresponding to the core sections of n-linked glycoprotein high mannose glycans, together with the corresponding oligosaccharides containing a central glucose unit, were synthesised and tested as glycosyl donors for glycosylation of a glcnacasn glycosyl amino acid catalysed by the endohexosaminidases m (endo m), a (endo a) and h (endo h). whilst endo h did not catalyse any glycosylation reactions, both endo m and endo a effi ...200818537207
on the role of histidine 351 in the reaction of alcohol oxidation catalyzed by choline oxidase.choline oxidase catalyzes the four-electron, flavin-linked oxidation of choline to glycine betaine with transient formation of an enzyme-bound aldehyde intermediate. the recent determination of the crystal structure of choline oxidase to a resolution of 1.86 a established the presence of two histidine residues in the active site, which may participate in catalysis. his466 was the subject of a previous study [ghanem, m., and gadda, g. (2005) biochemistry 44, 893-904]. in this study, his351 was re ...200818540638
high benzene concentrations can favour gram-positive bacteria in groundwaters from a contaminated aquifer.exposure to pollution exerts strong selective pressure on microbial communities, which may affect their potential to adapt to current or future environmental challenges. in this microcosm study, we used dna fingerprinting based on 16s rrna genes to document the impact of high concentrations of benzene on two bacterial communities from a benzene-contaminated aquifer situated below a petrochemical plant (siren, uk). the two groundwaters harboured distinct aerobic benzene-degrading communities able ...200818540887
isolation of alkali-tolerant benzene-degrading bacteria from a contaminated aquifer.to isolate benzene-degrading strains from neutral and alkaline groundwaters contaminated by benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (btex) from the siren aquifer, uk, and to test their effective ph range and ability to degrade tex.200818544140
evidence for specificity of cultivable bacteria associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores.bacteria associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungal spores may play functional roles in interactions between am fungi, plant hosts and defence against plant pathogens. to study am fungal spore-associated bacteria (amb) with regard to diversity, source effects (am fungal species, plant host) and antagonistic properties, we isolated amb from surface-decontaminated spores of glomus intraradices and glomus mosseae extracted from field rhizospheres of festuca ovina and leucanthemum vulgare. a ...200818631178
chromate reduction by arthrobacter cr47 in biofilm packed bed reactors.bacterial strain cr47 was isolated from a landfarming process soil sample. it was identified, by 16s rdna sequencing, as arthrobacter sp. the time course of the cr(vi) reduction was monitored in batch operated packed bed biofilm reactors (12 ml void volume) and in recirculating packed bed biofilm reactors (100 ml void volume) inoculated with bacterial strain cr47. the reduction was evaluated with, 30 mg l(-1) cr(vi) laboratory solutions prepared with k2cr2o7 and enriched with glucose-minimal med ...200818063473
two closely related pathways of nicotine catabolism in arthrobacter nicotinovorans and nocardioides sp. strain js614.a virtually identical nicotine catabolic pathway including the heterotrimeric molybdenum enzyme nicotine and 6-hydroxy-pseudo-oxynicotine dehydrogenase, 6-hydroxy-l: -nicotine oxidase, 2,6-dihydroxy-pseudo-oxynicotine hydrolase, and 2,6-dihydroxypyridine hydroxylase have been identified in a. nicotinovorans and nocardioides sp. js614. enzymes catalyzing the same reactions and similar protein antigens were detected in the extracts of the two microorganisms. nicotine blue and methylamine, two end ...200818071673
effect of immobilization on kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of sulfide oxidase from arthrobacter species.in order to determine the impact of immobilization on biocatalytic efficacy of sulfide oxidase, the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of native and deae-cellulose immobilized sulfide oxidase from arthrobacter species fr-3 were evaluated. immobilization increased the catalytic efficiency of sulfide oxidase by producing a lower michaelis-menten constant (km) and a higher rate of catalysis (vmax) at different temperatures. the first-order kinetic analysis of thermal denaturation demonstrated tha ...200818080911
effect of shadowing on survival of bacteria under conditions simulating the martian atmosphere and uv radiation.spacecraft-associated spores and four non-spore-forming bacterial isolates were prepared in atacama desert soil suspensions and tested both in solution and in a desiccated state to elucidate the shadowing effect of soil particulates on bacterial survival under simulated martian atmospheric and uv irradiation conditions. all non-spore-forming cells that were prepared in nutrient-depleted, 0.2-microm-filtered desert soil (dse) microcosms and desiccated for 75 days on aluminum died, whereas cells p ...200818083857
enhancement of androstadienedione production from progesterone by biotransformation using the hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin complexation technique.the enhanced production of androstadienedione (add) from progesterone (p) using the hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (hpbetacd) complexation technique by biotransformation was demonstrated. the microorganisms used were bacillus sphaericus atcc 245, b. sphaericus atcc 7063, b. sphaericus atcc 13805, arthrobacter simplex atcc 6946, b. sphaericus tistr 670 and those screened from soils in chiang mai province, thailand which were b. sphaericus srp i, b. sphaericus srp ii and b. sphaericus srp iii. th ...200817936614
fluorinated phenylcyclopropylamines. part 6: effects of electron withdrawing or donating aryl substituents on the inhibition of tyramine oxidase from arthrobacter sp. by diastereomeric 2-aryl-2-fluoro-cyclopropylamines.diastereomeric arylcyclopropylamines substituted with fluorine in the 2-position and with electron donating or electron withdrawing groups at the aromatic ring were evaluated as inhibitors of microbial tyramine oxidase. the trans-isomers were consistently more potent inhibitors of the enzyme than the cis-isomers. electron donating substituents increased the potency of tyramine oxidase inhibition, while electron withdrawing substituents decreased the activity. the results obtained are discussed i ...200819727324
characterization of bacterial isolates from industrial wastewater according to probable modes of hexadecane uptake.bacterial isolates from industrial wastewater were characterized according to probable modes of hexadecane uptake based on data for cell surface hydrophobicity, emulsifying activity, glycoside content and surface tension of cell-free culture medium. the results obtained suggested that both modes of biosurfactant-enhanced hexadecane uptake by bacterial strains take place, direct uptake and alkane transfer. the increase in cell surface hydrophobicity and glycoside production by the strains suggest ...200816962302
biosorption of cr (vi) using a bacterial biofilm supported on granular activated carbon and on zeolite.two mini-columns partially filled with granular activated carbon (gac) and/or a natural zeolite, covered by a bacterial biofilm of arthrobacter viscosus, were used in a continuous flow system to remove cr (vi) from solutions with initial concentration of 70mg/l and a working ph ranging between 4.5 and 5.5. three different set-up's were used: two columns in series filled gac covered with a biofilm, two columns in series filled with zeolite covered with a biofilm and a column filled with gac follo ...200817368891
structure and denaturation of 4-chlorobenzoyl coenzyme a dehalogenase from arthrobacter sp. strain tm-1.the secondary structure of the trimeric protein 4-chlorobenzoyl coenzyme a dehalogenase from arthrobacter sp. strain tm-1, the second of three enzymes involved in the dechlorination of 4-chlorobenzoate to form 4-hydroxybenzoate, has been examined. e(mm) for the enzyme was 12.59. analysis by circular dichroism spectrometry in the far uv indicated that 4-chlorobenzoyl coenzyme a dehalogenase was composed mostly of alpha-helix (56%) with lesser amounts of random coil (21%), beta-turn (13%) and beta ...200817431803
d-serine dehydratase from chicken kidney: a vertebral homologue of the cryptic enzyme from burkholderia cepacia.d-serine dehydratase (dsd) catalyses the conversion of d-serine to pyruvate and ammonia. d-serine is a physiological modulator of glutamate neurotransmission in vertebrate brains. in mammals d-serine is degraded by d-amino-acid oxidase, whereas in chicken brain it is degraded by dsd, as we have recently demonstrated [tanaka et al. (2007) anal. biochem. 362, 83-88]. to clarify the roles of dsd in avian species, we purified dsd from chicken kidney. the purified enzyme was a heterodimer consisting ...200817977854
cultivable bacterial diversity of alkaline lonar lake, india.aerobic, alkaliphilic bacteria were isolated and characterized from water and sediment samples collected in the winter season, january 2002 from alkaline lonar lake, india, having ph 10.5. the total number of microorganisms in the sediment and water samples was found to be 10(2)-10(6) cfu g(-1) and 10(2)-10(4) cfu ml(-1), respectively. one hundred and ninety-six strains were isolated using different enrichment media. to study the bacterial diversity of lonar lake and to select the bacterial stra ...200817604989
synthesis of 4-hydroxyisoleucine by the aldolase-transaminase coupling reaction and basic characterization of the aldolase from arthrobacter simplex aku 626.arthrobacter simplex aku 626 was found to synthesize 4-hydroxyisoleucine from acetaldehyde, alpha-ketobutyrate, and l-glutamate in the presence of escherichia coli harboring the branched chain amino acid transaminase gene (ilve) from e. coli k12 substrain mg1655. by using resting cells of a. simplex aku 626 and e. coli bl21(de3)/pet-15b-ilve, 3.2 mm 4-hydroxyisoleucine was produced from 250 mm acetaldehyde, 75 mm alpha-ketobutyrate, and 100 mm l-glutamate with a molar yield to alpha-ketobutyrate ...200717617727
glycinebetaine accumulation is more effective in chloroplasts than in the cytosol for protecting transgenic tomato plants against abiotic stress.tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill. cv. moneymaker) plants were transformed with a gene for choline oxidase (coda) from arthrobacter globiformis. the gene product (coda) was targeted to the chloroplasts (chl-coda), cytosol (cyt-coda) or both compartments simultaneously (chlcyt-coda). these three transgenic plant types accumulated different amounts and proportions of glycinebetaine (gb) in their chloroplasts and cytosol. targeting coda to either the cytosol or both compartments simultaneously i ...200717617827
coryneform bacteria in semen of chronic prostatitis patients.our aim was to compare the presence and species composition of coryneform bacteria in chronic prostatitis patients and controls. semen of 50 men with inflammatory prostatitis and 59 controls (without pelvic pain/discomfort complaints and leukocytospermia) was investigated. first-catch urine was additionally investigated in 36 men (30 with and 6 without prostatitis). coryneform bacteria were found in semen of 76% men with inflammatory prostatitis and 83% controls. more than half of the isolates w ...200717163953
microbially mediated cadmium sorption/desorption processes in soil amended with sewage sludge.a multi-compartment system was used to study the importance of microorganisms for cd desorption from soil amended with sewage sludge and simultaneous resorption of the mobilized metal by soil constituents. using this system made it possible to study the participation of microorganisms (arthrobacter, trichoderma), montmorillonite, humic acids, and iron oxides in resorption of the released cd. a filter-sterilized water extract of root-free soil of ph 6.7 (rf) or rf supplemented with glucose (rfg) ...200717182077
biodiversity of bacterial ecosystems in traditional egyptian domiati cheese.bacterial biodiversity occurring in traditional egyptian soft domiati cheese was studied by pcr-temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (ttge) and pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). bands were identified using a reference species database (j.-c. ogier et al., appl. environ. microbiol. 70:5628-5643, 2004); de novo bands having nonidentified migration patterns were identified by dna sequencing. results reveal a novel bacterial profile and extensive bacterial biodiversity in domia ...200717189434
expression of ksdd gene encoding 3-ketosteroid-delta1-dehydrogenase from arthrobacter simplex in bacillus subtilis.to improve ksdh enzyme activity and the transformation level for androst-4-ene-3,17-dione.200717451526
overexpression and functional analysis of cold-active beta-galactosidase from arthrobacter psychrolactophilus strain f2.cold-active beta-galactosidase from arthrobacter psychrolactophilus strain f2 was overexpressed in escherichia coli using the cold expression system and the recombinant enzyme, rbglap, was characterized. the purified rbglap exhibited similar enzymatic properties to the native enzyme, e.g., (i) it had high activity at 0 degrees c, (ii) its optimum temperature and ph were 10 degrees c and 8.0, respectively, and (iii) it was possible to rapidly inactivate the rbglap at 50 degrees c in 5 min. moreov ...200717459724
6-aminohexanoate oligomer hydrolases from the alkalophilic bacteria agromyces sp. strain ky5r and kocuria sp. strain ky2.alkalophilic, nylon oligomer-degrading strains, agromyces sp. and kocuria sp., were isolated from the wastewater of a nylon-6 factory and from activated sludge from a sewage disposal plant. the 6-aminohexanoate oligomer hydrolases (nylc) from the alkalophilic strains had 95.8 to 98.6% similarity to the enzyme in neutrophilic arthrobacter sp. but had superior thermostability, activity under alkaline conditions, and affinity for nylon-related substrates, which would be advantageous for biotechnolo ...200717827307
a two-component small multidrug resistance pump functions as a metabolic valve during nicotine catabolism by arthrobacter nicotinovorans.the genes nepab of a small multidrug resistance (smr) pump were identified as part of the pao1-encoded nicotine regulon responsible for nicotine catabolism in arthrobacter nicotinovorans. when [(14)c]nicotine was added to the growth medium the bacteria exported the (14)c-labelled end product of nicotine catabolism, methylamine. in the presence of the proton-motive force inhibitors 2,4-dinitrophenol (dnp), carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (cccp) or the proton ionophore nigericin, export o ...200717464069
an internal equilibrium preorganizes the enzyme-substrate complex for hydride tunneling in choline oxidase.the hydride transfer reaction catalyzed by choline oxidase under irreversible regime, i.e., at saturating oxygen, was shown in a recent study to occur quantum mechanically within a highly preorganized active site, with the reactive configuration for hydride tunneling being minimally affected by environmental vibrations of the reaction coordinate other than those affecting the distance between the alpha-carbon of the choline alkoxide substrate and the n(5) atom of the enzyme-bound flavin cofactor ...200717472346
biotransformation of d-methionine into l-methionine in the cascade of four enzymes.d-methionine was converted to l-methionine in a reaction system where four enzymes were used. d-amino acid oxidase (d-aao) from arthrobacter protophormiae was used for the complete conversion of d-methionine to 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutyric acid. catalase was added to prevent 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutyric acid decarboxylation. in the second reaction step, l-phenylalanine dehydrogenase (l-phedh) from rhodococcus sp. was used to convert 2- oxo-4-methylthiobutyric acid to l-methionine, and formate dehydrog ...200717534960
a novel strategy for enzymatic synthesis of 4-hydroxyisoleucine: identification of an enzyme possessing hmkp (4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-keto-pentanoate) aldolase activity.a two-step enzymatic synthesis process of 4-hydroxyisoleucine is suggested. in the first step, the aldol condensation of acetaldehyde and alpha-ketobutyrate catalyzed by specific aldolase results in the formation of 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-keto-pentanoate (hmkp). in the second step, amination of hmkp by the branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase leads to synthesis of 4-hydroxyisoleucine. an enzyme possessing hmkp aldolase activity (ashpal) was purified 2500-fold from a crude extract of arthroba ...200717559390
crystallization and diffraction data of 1h-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinoline 2,4-dioxygenase: a cofactor-free oxygenase of the alpha/beta-hydrolase family.1h-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinoline 2,4-dioxygenase (qdo) from pseudomonas putida 33/1 catalyses the oxygenolysis of 1h-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinoline to form n-formylanthranilic acid and carbon monoxide without the aid of cofactors. both n-terminally his6-tagged and native qdo were overexpressed in escherichia coli and purified by conventional chromatographic procedures. untagged qdo, but not his6-tagged qdo, was crystallized by the vapour-diffusion method, giving hexagonal bipyramid crystals belonging to sp ...200717565175
crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of 1h-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase from arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus rü61a: a cofactor-devoid dioxygenase of the alpha/beta-hydrolase-fold superfamily.1h-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase (hod) is a cofactor-devoid dioxygenase that is involved in the anthranilate pathway of quinaldine degradation. hod has been proposed to belong to the alpha/beta-hydrolase-fold superfamily of enzymes. n-terminally his6-tagged hod has been crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method using sodium/potassium tartrate as a precipitant and cucl2 as an additive. the structure was solved by the single anomalous dispersion (sad) technique using dat ...200717565176
identification of the catalytic acid base residue of arthrobacter endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase by chemical rescue of an inactive mutant.arthrobacter endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase (endo-a), a member of glycoside hydrolase (gh) family 85, catalyses the hydrolysis and transglycosylation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins with retention of anomeric configuration. glu-173 of endo-a is a catalytically essential amino acid residue, and the corresponding residue is conserved in all gh family 85 members. the catalytic activity of endo-a e173a mutant was rescued by the addition of sodium azide or sodium formate. fu ...200717567654
characterization of aerobic bacterial and fungal microbiota on surfaces of historic scottish monuments.twenty samples were taken from the inner or outer surfaces of stone monuments of six historic scottish buildings and ruins. biofilms developing on mineral substrates were analysed by in situ scanning electron microscopy and cultivation. various methods were used to characterize the isolates including automated ribotyping, rapd and sequencing of the 16s rrna gene for bacteria, and stereomicroscopy and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacers (its) for fungi. most samples contained microbes ...200717583461
taxonomic identification, phenanthrene uptake activity, and membrane lipid alterations of the pah degrading arthrobacter sp. strain sphe3.this report describes phenanthrene uptake as well as the effect of phenanthrene on the membrane phospholipid and fatty acid composition in a newly isolated bacterial strain, sphe3, that we taxonomically identified as arthrobacter sp. strain sphe3 is able to utilize phenanthrene as a carbon source at high rates and appears to internalize phenanthrene with two mechanisms: a passive diffusion when cells are grown on glucose, and an inducible active transport system when cells are grown on phenanthr ...200717583808
cloning and characterization of the gene encoding endo-beta-1,3-glucanase from arthrobacter sp. nhb-10.the glua gene, encoding an endo-beta-1,3-glucanase from arthrobacter sp. (strain nhb-10), was cloned and analyzed. the deduced endo-beta-1,3-glucanase amino acid sequence was 750 amino acids long and contained a 42 amino acid signal peptide with a mature protein of 708 amino acids. there was no similarity to known endo-beta-1,3-glucanases, but glua was partially similar to two fungal exo-beta-1,3-glucanases in glycoside hydrolase (gh) family 55. of five possible residues for catalysis and two mo ...200717587693
stability of microbial communities in goat milk during a lactation year: molecular approaches.the microbial communities in milks from one herd were evaluated during 1-year of lactation, using molecular methods to evaluate their stability and the effect of breeding conditions on their composition. the diversity of microbial communities was measured using two approaches: molecular identification by 16s and 18s rdna sequencing of isolates from counting media (two milks), and direct identification using 16s rdna from clone libraries (six milks). the stability of these communities was evaluat ...200717604934
seasonal variation of sediment toxicity in the rivers dommel and elbe.contaminated sediment in the river basin has become a source of pollution with increasing importance to the aquatic ecosystem downstream. to monitor the temporal changes of the sediment bound contaminants in the river elbe and the river dommel monthly toxicity tests were applied to layered sediment and river water samples over the course of 10 months. there is an indication that contaminated sediments upstream adversely affected sediments downstream, but this process did not cause a continuous i ...200717379366
cloning of the arthrobacter sp. fg1 dehalogenase genes and construction of hybrid pathways in pseudomonas putida strains.an arthrobacter strain, able to utilize 4-chlorobenzoic acid as the sole carbon and energy source, was isolated and characterized. the first step of the catabolic pathway was found to proceed via a hydrolytic dehalogenation that leads to the formation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. the dehalogenase encoding genes (fcb) were sequenced and found highly homologous to and organized as those of other 4-chlorobenzoic acid degrading arthrobacter strains. the fcb genes were cloned and successfully expressed ...200717384944
growth and physiological response of arthrobacter protophormiae rkj100 toward higher concentrations of o-nitrobenzoate and p-hydroxybenzoate.bioremediation of sites that are heavily contaminated with pollutant chemicals is a challenge as most of the microorganisms cannot tolerate higher concentrations of toxic compounds. only a few strains of the genus pseudomonas have been studied for their tolerance toward the higher concentrations of aromatic pollutant compounds, a phenomenon that is accompanied by various physiological changes. in the present study we have characterized the growth response and physiological changes (adaptations) ...200717391368
isolation and characterization of four gram-positive nickel-tolerant microorganisms from contaminated sediments.microbial communities from riparian sediments contaminated with high levels of ni and u were examined for metal-tolerant microorganisms. isolation of four aerobic ni-tolerant, gram-positive heterotrophic bacteria indicated selection pressure from ni. these isolates were identified as arthrobacter oxydans nr-1, streptomyces galbus nr-2, streptomyces aureofaciens nr-3, and kitasatospora cystarginea nr-4 based on partial 16s rdna sequences. a functional gene microarray containing gene probes for fu ...200717404787
[lignite microorganisms].the first demonstration that samples of lignite at a depth of 10 m are considerably enriched in bacteria is reported. according to direct microscopy, the abundance of bacteria was about 10(7) cells/g. about 70% of cells had intact cell membranes and small size, which points to their anabiotic state. the fungal mycelium length was no more than 1 m. lignite inoculation onto solid glucose-yeast-peptone medium allowed as to isolate bacteria of the genera bacillus, rhodococcus, arthrobacter, micrococ ...200717668464
metabolic activity and phylogenetic diversity of reed (phragmites australis) periphyton bacterial communities in a hungarian shallow soda lake.in the present study, the species composition and potential metabolic activities of bacterial communities of reed phragmites australis (cav.) (trin. ex steudel) periphyton from lake velencei were studied by cultivation-based and metabolic fingerprinting methods. serially diluted spring biofilm samples were used to test the community-level physiological profiling (clpp) using biolog microplates, and for plating onto different media. on the basis of their morphological, biochemical, and physiologi ...200717406774
the characteristics of rhizosphere microbes associated with plants in arsenic-contaminated soils from cattle dip sites.soil microorganisms and plants were studied in samples of arsenic-contaminated soil from two cattle dip sites. the aim was to delineate the parameters that will determine the feasibility of future remediation by growing arsenic-accumulating plants, including the identity and characteristics of some rhizosphere soil microbes. the soil samples contained high total, but low soluble arsenic concentrations which, together with other properties, resembled the previously reported characteristics of dip ...200717407787
[preparation of androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione from sterols using mycobacterium neoaurum vkpm as-1656 strain].a product of microbiological cleavage of the sterols side chain, androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, is toxic for bacteria, in particular, actinobacteria of the genera mycobacterium and arthrobacter. sterols were transformed into androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione by culturing the m. neoaurum vkpm an-1656 strain in a high yield, provided that a sorbent was used for elimination of contact between the bacterial cells and the product. unlike the cholesterol side chain, the more branched chains of phytosterol ...200717682396
[obtaining and characterization of dna-containing micromummies of yeasts and gram-positive bacteria with enhanced cell wall permeability: application in pcr].the procedure of obtaining dna-containing cell envelopes ("micromummies") of bacteria, yeasts, and fungi using chaotropic salts has been developed previously and the possibility of their direct application in pcr has been demonstrated. the fine structure of micromummies has been studied by electron microscopic methods. this work has demonstrated that additional treatment of micromummies of yeasts and gram-positive bacteria with proteinase k results in hydrolytic degradation of cell proteins and ...200717410877
chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a model system for functional validation of abiotic stress responsive genes.stress tolerance is a multigenic character and there are many stress responsive genes, which are stress specific. although many of these have been cloned, their functional significance remains fragmentary. hence it is important to identify the relevant stress genes involved in altering the metabolism for adaptation. overexpression is one of the several approaches and chlamydomonas is a suitable system to study the functional relevance of stress genes. stress responses can only be assessed on pri ...200717431668
isolation and characterization of novel atrazine-degrading microorganisms from an agricultural soil.six previously undescribed microorganisms capable of atrazine degradation were isolated from an agricultural soil that received repeated exposures of the commonly used herbicides atrazine and acetochlor. these isolates are all gram-positive and group with microorganisms in the genera nocardioides and arthrobacter, both of which contain previously described atrazine degraders. all six isolates were capable of utilizing atrazine as a sole nitrogen source when provided with glucose as a separate ca ...200717318536
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