Publications

metabolism of l-rhamnose in arthrobacter pyridinolis.	in arthrobacter pyridinolis, a respiration-coupled transport system for l-rhamnose caused accumulation of free l-rhamnose, while a phosphoenolpyruvate: l-rhamnose phosphotransferase system caused accumulation of l-rhamnose i-phosphate (levinson & krulwich, 1974). the pathways for subsequent metabolism of l-rhamnose and l-rhamose i-phosphate have now been investigated. arthrobacter pyridinolis contains an inducible l-rhamnose isomerase and l-rhamnulokinase, as well as a constitutive l-rhamnulose ...	1976	182906
a comparative analysis of the ultrastructure of hydrocarbon-oxidizing micro-organisms.	the ultrastructure of a variety of micro-organisms was compared after growth on hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon substrates. hydrocarbon-grown organisms were characterized by the presence of intracellular electron-transparent inclusions which in many cases appeared membrane-bound. with one exception, non-hydrocarbon-grown organisms did not contain electron-transparent inclusions. insignificant amounts of poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid were produced by the hydrocarbon-grown micro-organisms. after g ...	1976	181527
stability of enzymes in starving arthrobacter crystallopoietes.	cell-free extracts prepared from spherical and rod-shaped cells of arthrobacter crystallopoietes were assayed for enzymes during various periods of starvation. the level of nadh oxidase dropped to 20 and 30%, respectively, in spherical and rod-shaped cells during the first 1 to 2 days of starvation and then remained constant for 9 days. catalase activity decreased continuously and reached a low level in 9 days. enzymes involved in glucose metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were stable f ...	1976	180237
action of chondroitinases. i. the mode of action of two chondroitinase-ac preparations of different origin.	the modes of action of two chondroitinases-ac [ec 4.2.2.5] from arthrobacter aurescens and flavobacterium heparinum were examined. by comparison of the increase of viscosity and by analyses of digests using paper chromatography and gel filtration, it was shown that the arthrobacter enzyme (a-chase) degrades the substrate by a stepwise attack, while the flavobacterium enzyme (f-chase) exhibits a more random attack, though the first attack of both enzymes is of endo-type. further study was carried ...	1976	138676
studies on the biodegradation of nonionic surfactants applied in the polyester fiber industry. i. activated sludge bacteria degrading the surfactants.	the paper presents characteristics of 76 strains of bacteria capable of utilizing nonionic surfactants cirrasol fp, cirrasol sf 200 and cirrasol tcs as the source of carbon. the strains were isolated from two activated sludges adapted to the purification of wastes containing the above compounds at concentration 150--200 mg/l. the isolated strains belonged to the genera: achromobacter, alcaligenes, arthrobacter, flavobacterium, mycobacterium, nocardia, pseudomonas and xanthomonas. with load 0.11 ...	1976	62497
effect of dicumarol on the growth of some soil microorganisms.	the effect of dicumarol on growth of selected soil bacteria: azotobacter chroococcum, arthrobacter globiformis, a. citreus and bacillus megaterium was studied. the following minimum concentrations were inhibitory in vitro: arthrobacter citreus--20 mug/ml., bacillus megaterium--40 mug/ml., azotobacter chroococcum--40 mug/ml. arthrobacter globiformis--70 mug/ml. cells of all microorganisms studied grown in the presence of dicumarol developed aberrant morphological forms.	1976	59533
specific cleavage and physical mapping of simian-virus-40 dna by the restriction endonuclease of arthrobacter luteus.	simian virus 40 (sv40) dna (strain 776) is cleaved by the restriction endonuclease from arthrobacter luteus into 32 specific fragments including 20 large pieces designated alu-a through t as well as 12 minor products named alu m1 through m8. these were mapped on the sv40 genome by double digestion experiments. alu fragments were treated with hind enzymes and vice versa. similar reciprocal digestions were also carried out with hae iii enzyme. in this way a detailed cleavage map of the sv40 genome ...	1976	173549
arthrobacter luteus restriction endonuclease recognition sequence and its cleavage map of sv40 dna.	the nucleotide sequence at the cleavage site of the restriction endonuclease isolated from arthrobacter luteus (alu) has been determined. the endonuclease cleaves at the center of a palindromic tetranucleotide sequence to give even-ended duplex dna fragments phosphorylated at the 5'-end. the endonuclease cleaves sv40 form i dna into 32 fragments. the order and sizes of these fragments have been determined to provide an alu cleavage map of the sv40 genome.	1976	182213
properties of the hexulose phosphate synthase of methylotrophic yeasts and bacteria.	properties of hexulose phosphate synthase (hps) were studied in extracts of the methanol assimilating yeast candida methylica and the bacterium arthrobacter globiformis b-175 assimilating methylated amines. hps is an inducible enzyme which is localized in the soluble fraction of the cells. the effect of the ph of the reaction mixture, temperature, metal ions, and the concentration of substrates on the activity of hps was studied. properties of the enzyme were different in the yeast and the bacte ...	1977	16201
2-hydroxypyridine metabolism and pigment formation in three arthrobacter species.	three species of the genus arthrobacter, a. crystallopoietes, a. pyridinolis, and a. viridescens, have the capabilities to utilize 2-hydroxypyridine (2-hp) as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen for growth and to produce an extracellular crystalline pigment from this substrate. degradation of 2-hp by cell-free extracts requires the presence of both reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and molecular oxygen and is stimulated by flavin mononucleotide, suggesting the presence of a monooxygen ...	1977	199576
oxidative pathway of choline to betaine in the soluble fraction prepared from arthrobacter globiformis.	one strain of bacteria which showed high h2o2-generating activity was isolated from soil and characterized as arthrobacter globiformis based on its morphological, nutritional, and physiological characteristics. the activities of h2o2 generation, nad reduction and oxygen consumption in the bacterial cells were examined using choline, betaine aldehyde or betaine as substrate. choline was oxidized to betaine aldehyde under aerobic conditions in a reaction coupled with h2o2 generation and oxygen con ...	1977	197073
ovalbumin gene. action of restriction endonucleases upon dna coding sequence.		1977	68956
use of electron microscopy for soil microbiology capabilities and limitations.	soil dilutions were studied by different techniques: they were retained on cellulose filters and observed either directly by scanning electron microscopy or after inclusion and ultra-thin sectioning by transmission electron microscopy. morphology and locomotor organs of bacteria were observed after negative staining. they were plated on various culture media in order to isolate and identify most of the nonexacting microorganisms. results are compared and the use of electron microscopy in soil st ...	1977	74922
a microperfusion chamber for studying the growth of bacterial cells.		1977	338570
an activity stain for l-serine dehydratase in polyacrylamide gels.		1977	68687
[features of secondary metabolism in microorganisms].		1977	194631
control of morphogenesis in arthrobacter crystallopoiets: effect of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate.	the intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic amp) were measured at various intervals during growth and morphogenesis in arthrobacter crystallopoietes. cyclic amp levels remained relatively constant throughout growth in spherical cells grown in glucose-based media. immediately after inoculation of spheres from glucose- to succinate-containing media, a 30-fold increase in intracellular cyclic amp was detected. this dramatic rise in cyclic amp preceded the observed chang ...	1977	190210
release of microorganisms from soil with respect to transmission electron microscopy viewing and plate counts.		1977	326180
structural and immunochemical studies on d-arabino-d-mannans and d-mannans of mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacterium species.	serologically active d-arabino-d-mannas ([alpha]d, +82 degrees approximately 89 degrees; ratio of d-arabinose to d-mannose, 1-2:1) were isolated from the soluble fraction of disintegrated cells of m. tuberculosis, m. smegmatis, and several other mycobacterium species. these arabinomannans had similar structures, consisting of alpha-(1 leads to 5)-linked d-arabinose residues and alpha-(1 leads to 6)-, and (1 leads to 2)-linked d-mannose residues. methylation and enzymic degradation studies using ...	1977	413830
tetrahydrofolate-dependent biosynthesis of ribothymidine in transfer ribonucleic acids of gram-positive bacteria.	trimethoprim, an inhibitor that prevents tetrahydrofolate-dependent transmethylation reactions inbacteria, was used in a comparative study to discriminate between two possible biosynthetic pathways, either the s-adenosylmethionine or the tetrahydrofolate-dependent formation of ribothymidine (rt) in transfer ribonucleic acids (trna's) of several strains of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. rt-deficient trna's accumulate in trimethoprim-treated gram-positive streptococcus faecium, st ...	1977	318638
mapping and length measurements of restriction enzyme fragments by electron microscopy.	1. we have mapped by electron microscopy the dna-fragments formed by the action of the restriction endonuclease from arthrobacter luteus of phi x 174 replicative form dna. these fragments were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and hybridized to phix 174 single stranded dna. the partial duplex molecules were inspected in the electron microscope. in this way the relative order of eleven fragments ranging in size from approximately 100 to 1000 nucleotide pairs has been established and ...	1977	321023
characterization of distinct segments in mouse satellite dna by restriction nucleases.	the long-range periodicity of mouse satellite dna has been analyzed by digestion with five restriction nucleases. with all nucleases tested, a major repeat unit approximately 245 nucleotide pairs became apparent. minor registers of shorter length were also detected. the total number of cleavage sites per haploid genome for each restriction enzyme as well as their positions relative to each other were determined. while endo r-ecorii was known to cleave all of the satellite dna, the other four res ...	1977	321221
[identification of some of fermentation of phenanthrene by microorganisms belonging to the genus arthrobacter].		1977	597413
l-serine dehydratase from arthrobacter globiformis.	1. l-serine dehydratase (ec 4.2.1.13) was purified 970-fold from glycine-grown arthrobacter globiformis to a final specific activity of 660micronmol of pyruvate formed/min per mg of protein. 2. the enzyme is specific for l-serine; d-serine, l-threonine and l-cysteine are not attacked. 3. the time-course of pyruvate formation by the purified enzyme, in common with enzyme in crude extracts and throughout the purification, is non-linear. the reaction rate increases progressively for several minutes ...	1977	322657
new microbial growth factor.	a screening procedure was used to isolate from soil a penicillium sp., two bacterial isolates, and a streptomyces sp. that produced a new microbial growth factor. this factor was an absolute growth requirement for three soil bacteria. the penicillium sp. and one of the bacteria requiring the factor, an arthrobacter sp., were selected for more extensive study concerning the production and characteristics of the growth factor. it did not seem to be related to the siderochromes. it was not present ...	1977	327929
ribosomal protein s1/s1a in bacteria.		1977	330231
enzymes of the yeast lytic system produced by arthrobacter gjm-1 bacterium and their role in the lysis of yeast cell walls.	yeast lytic system produced by arthrobacter gjm-1 bacterium during growth on baker's yeast cell walls contains a complete set of enzymes which can hydrolyze all structural components of cell walls of saccharomyces cerevisiae. chromatographic fractionation of the lytic system showed the presence of two types of endo-beta-1,3-glucanase. rapid lysis of isolated cell walls of yeast was induced only by endo-beta-1,3-glucanase exhibiting high affinity to insoluble beta-1,3-glucans and releasing lamina ...	1977	337691
comparative analysis of three guinea pig satellite dna's by restriction nucleases.	the structures of guinea pig satellite dnas i, ii, and iii have been analyzed by digestion with seven restriction nucleases. from the cleavage patterns it is obvious that the long-range periodicities in these three satellites differ rather characteristically satellite i is fairly resistant to six nucleases and gives only a number of weak discrete bands which do not show a simple regularity. by the restriction nuclease from arthrobacter luteus, however, it is cleaved extensively and yields very h ...	1977	403072
isolation, synthesis, and biological activity of five metabolites of danazol.	metabolites of danazol (17 alpha-pregna-2,4-dien-20-yno[2,3-d]isoxazol-17-ol), an orally effective pituitary gonadotropin inhibitory agent devoid of estrogenic and progestational activites, were isolated from urine of a female subject who had taken danzol orally at a dose of 800 mg/day for 7 days, the metabolites isolated were 17-hydroxy-17alpha-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one (11), 17-hydroxy-2alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-17alpha-pregn-4-3n-20-yn-3-one (5), 17-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-17alpha-pregna-1,4-dien- ...	1977	403283
lysis of intact yeast cells and isolated cell walls by an inducible enzyme system of arthrobacter gjm-1.	bacterium arthrobacter gjm-1 known in the literature as a good producer of alpha-mannanase was found to accumulate in the culture fluid lytic activities against viable yeast cells during growth on isolated cell walls or beta-glucan fractions of yeast. the accumulation of the lytic activities showed an inducible character. the lytic system produced in the medium containing baker's yeast cell walls was capable of complete solubiliaztion of cell wals in vitro. the system lysed viable cells of a num ...	1977	22164
the catabolism of l-tyrosine by an arthrobacter sp.	an arthrobacter sp. metabolizes l-tyrosine by a pathway involving 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate as a key intermediate. p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate is formed from tyrosine by an amino-transferase specifically requiring alpha-ketoglutarate for activity, and is then converted to p-hydroxyphenylacetate by an oxidative decarboxylation. p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde is not an intermediate in the formation of p-hydroxyphenylacetate. extracts of the bacterium oxidize 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate to delta-carboxyme ...	1977	20216
properties of an inducible extracellular neuraminidase from an arthrobacter isolate.	the elective isolation of a soil microorganism, tentatively assigned to the genus arthrobacter, which produced an extracellular neuraminidase is described. the secretion of neuraminidase from washed cells in minimal medium required the presence of sialo-containing glycoproteins, whereas free n-acetyl-neuraminic asid of n-acetylmannosamine were poor inducers. no enzyme could be dected in the induction fitrated of cells, in the absence of inducer or in the culture filtrate of cells grown in a comp ...	1977	14924
nitrification in histosols: a potential role for the heterotrophic nitrifier.	insufficient populations of nitrosomonas and nitrobacter were found in a pahokee muck soil (lithic medidaprit) to account for the nitrate concentration observed. to determine if heterotrophic nitrifiers could account for some of this discrepancy, a method was developed to measure the levels of heterotrophic nitrifiers in soil. a population of 4.1 x 10(5) arthrobacter per g of dry fallow soil, capable of producing nitrite and/or nitrate from reduced nitrogenous compounds, was observed. amendment ...	1977	869537
degradation of (+/-)-synephrine by arthrobacter synephrinum. oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate to 2-hydroxy-5-carboxymethyl-muconate semialdehyde.	1. cell-free extracts of arthrobacter synephrinum catalyse the oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetate. 2. the product of oxidation was characterized as 2-hydroxy-5-carboxymethylmuconate semialdehyde from its chemical behaviour as well as from nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectra. 3. a 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate 2,3-dioxygenase (ec 1.13.11.15) was partially purified from a. synephrinum. 4. the enzyme had a km of 25 micrometer towards its substrate and exhibited typical michaelis-menten kinetics. ...	1977	588248
purification and characterization of choline oxidase from arthrobacter globiformis.	choline oxidase was purified from the cells of arthrobacter globiformis by fractionations with acetone and ammonium sulfate, and column chromatographies on deae-cellulose and on sephadex g-200. the purified enzyme preparation appeared homogeneous on disc gel electrophoresis. the enzyme was a flavoprotein having a molecular weight of approx. 83,000 (gel filtration) or approx. 71,000 (sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis) and an isoelectric point (pi) around ph 4.5. iden ...	1977	599154
amino acid transport in whole cells and membrane vesicles of arthrobacter pyridinolis.		1977	836027
studies of the glycine cleavage enzyme system in brain from infants with glycine encephalopathy.	glycine content and enzyme activity of the glycine cleavage system were compared in autopsied brain from five infants dying with glycine encephalopathy and four control infants, including two with other types of hyperglycinemia. glycine content was elevated 2- to 8-fold and glycine cleavage enzyme activity was undetectable in the brains of the glycine encephalopathy patients. glycine content and enzyme activity were normal in the brains of the control patients, including one with ketotic hypergl ...	1977	593763
distribution of xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase specificity types among bacteria.	a diverse collection of xanthine-metabolizing bacteria was examined for xanthine-, 1-methylxanthine-, and 3-methylxanthine-oxidizing activity. both particulate and soluble fractions of extracts from aerobically grown gram-negative bacteria exhibited oxidation of all three substrates; however, when facultative gram-negative bacteria were grown anaerobically, low particulate and 3-methylxanthine activities were detected. gram-positive and obligately anaerobic bacteria showed no particulate activit ...	1977	863854
electron microscopic study of cell surface rings during cell division and morphogenesis of arthrobacter crystallopoietes.	the whole cell ultrastructure during cell division and morphogenesis of arthrobacter crystallopoietes was monitored using electron microscopic techniques. glucose-grown spherical cells were inoculated into succinate-based medium. in this medium, the organism undergoes a morphogenetic cycle consisting of elongation of spheres to rods, exponential growth as rods, and fragmentation of rods to spherical cells. raised bands or rings that encircled the cells were evident on the cell surface of both sp ...	1977	863857
distribution of neuraminidase in arthrobacter and its purification by affinity chromatography.	neuraminidase [sialidase, ec 3.2.1.18] was found to be widely distributed in bacteria belonging to arthrobacter. among these bacteria, arthrobacter ureafaciens, a. oxydans, and a. aurescens produced relatively potent neuraminidase activities. for the production of this enzyme, not only colominic acid, a homopolymer of n-acetylneuraminic acid, but also n-acetylneuraminic acid, the reaction product of this enzyme, are effective as sources of carbon. an affinity adsorbent specific for neuraminidase ...	1977	591509
photodynamic induction of a bacterial cell surface polypeptide.	the photodynamic action of several dyes on cells of a bacterium, tentatively identified as a species of arthrobacter, resulted in remarkable stimulation of synthesis of a polypeptide 21,000 daltons in mass. this polypeptide resides on the cell surface and can be solubilized by sodium dodecyl sulfate without lysis of the cells. chlorophyllin and rose bengal are effective in inducing synthesis of the polypeptide in proportion to their ability to sensitize the photooxidation of histidine. etiolated ...	1977	885841
a new enzymatic method for determination of serum choline-containing phospholipids.	a new enzymatic method is presented for the determination of serum choline-containing phospholipids with a combined enzymatic method using phospholipase d (from streptomyces species), choline oxidase (from arthrobacter species) and peroxidase. the method is reproducible, and the results correlate well with those obtained by the conventional digestion method (hoeflmayr, j. and fried, r. (1966) med. ernaehr. 7, 9-10). the method affords better specificity, requires a smaller quantity of the sample ...	1977	890967
macromolecular synthesis and degradation in arthrobacter during periods of nutrient deprivation.	cells of arthrobacter atrocyaneus and a. crystallopoietes, harvested during their exponential phase, were starved in 0.03 m phosphate buffer (ph 7.0) for 28 days. during this time, the cells maintained 90 to 100% viability. experimental results were similar for both organisms. total cellular deoxyribonucleic acid was maintained. measurable degradation rates for deoxyribonucleic acid as determined by radioisotope techniques were not observed, and only during the initial hours of starvation could ...	1977	914778
purification and characterization of pyruvate carboxylase from arthrobacter globiformis.		1977	851353
effects of temperature on the macromolecular composition and find structure of psychrophilic arthrobacter species.	a facultatively psychrophilic bacterium, arthrobacter si 55, grows at 20 degrees c, but growth, as measured by increase of viable cell count, is inhibited at 32 degrees c. corresponding temperatures for an obligate psychrophile, arthrobacter glacialis si 137, are 10 degrees c and 19-20 degrees c. at the higher temperatures for each organism increases of cell mass, as measured by turbidity and of dna, rna, and protein, were not inhibited. at the upper temperatures, fewer septa were formed in arth ...	1977	856424
action of chondroitinases. iii. ionic strength effects and kinetics in the action of chondroitinase ac.		1977	914791
[acetylcholine metabolism in arthrobacter simplex var. cholinesterasus].		1977	882022
microbiological degradation of bile acids. the preparation of hexahydroindane derivatives as substrates for studying cholic acid degradation.	relatively large amounts of 3-(3aalpha-hexahydro-7abeta-methyl-1,5-dioxoindan-4alpha-yl)propionic acid (iib), which is believed to be one of the intermediates involved in the degradation of cholic acid (i), were needed to identify is further degradation products. a simple method for the preparation of this compound was then investigated. arthrobacter simplex could degrade-3-oxoandrost-4-ene-17beta-carboxylic acid (iiia) to 3-(1beta-carboxy-3aalpha-hexahydro-7abeta-methyl-5-oxoindan-4alpha-yl)pro ...	1977	883962
arthrobacter sialophilus sp. nov.; a neuraminidase-producing coryneform.	a new species of arthrobacter is described for which the name a. sialophilus is proposed. the organism was obtained by elective culture from soil using collocalia mucoid, and can readily be induced in replacement minimal media with appropriate substrates, to form the enzyme neuraminidase. it undergoes sphere-rod-sphere morphogenesis, is gram-variable, non-motile, aerobic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, fails to release acid or gas from saccharides, has a gc content of 56.0 mol % and can gr ...	1977	922607
inabilities as an immunoadjuvant of cell walls of the group b peptidoglycan types and those of arthrobacters.	the cell walls from several bacterial species whose peptidoglycans are the group b types (schleifer and kandler) and those of two arthrobacters were shown to be inactive or only weakly active as an immunoadjuvant in both induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity and stimulation of circulating antibody levels to ovalbumin when administered to guinea pigs as a water-in-oil emulsion, in sharp contrast to the adjuvant-active cell walls of the group a peptidoglycan types which were previously studie ...	1977	880204
the mechanism of dextransucrase action. activation of dextransucrase from streptococcus mutans omz 176 by dextran and modified dextran and the nonexistence of the primar requirement for the synthesis of dextran.		1977	921284
oxidation of linear terpenes and squalene variants by arthrobacter sp.	cells of arthrobacter sp. that had been isolated from soil were used to study oxidation of some linear terpenes and squalene variants. the cells oxidized geraniol, nerol, and farnesol to the corresponding aldehydes, with partial conversion of the geometrical isomerism of the alpha,beta-double bond. the squalene variant, squalene-2,3-oxide, was cleaved to 9,10-epoxygeranylacetone and geranylacetone. squalene-2,3-22,23-dioxide was cleaved to 9,10-epoxygeranylacetone. these products were optically ...	1977	869527
microbiological characteristics of pacific shrimp (pandalus jordani).	microorganisms associated with pacific shrimp (pandalus jordani) were isolated and identified. those on the iced raw shrimp, which yielded an average count of 1.6 x 10(6), were predominantly moraxella, pseudomonas, acinetobacter, arthrobacter, and flavobacterium-cytophaga spp. the blanching and peeling reduced the microbial level to 3.3 x 10(4) and also selectively eliminated moraxella spp. the microbial flora changed after each processing sequence, and the heat sensitivity and growth characteri ...	1977	869532
extradiol cleavage of 3-methylcatechol by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase from various microorganisms.	the isofunctional enzymes of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase from species of acinetobacter, pseudomonas, nocardia, alcaligenes, and corynebacterium oxidize 3-methylcatechol according to both the intradiol and extradiol cleavage patterns. however, the enzyme preparations from brevibacterium and arthrobacter have only the intradiol cleavage activity. comparison of substrate specificity among these isofunctional dioxygenases shows striking differences in the oxidation of 3-methylcatechol, 4-methylcatechol ...	1977	16345232
metabolism of di- and mono-n-butyl phthalate by soil bacteria.	di-n-butyl phthalate and other dialkyl phthalates are used as carbon sources by three nocardia sp. isolates; mono-n-butyl phthalate is used as a carbon source by an arthrobacter sp. isolate and a pseudomonas sp. isolate. the compounds were metabolized in these organisms by hydrolysis to the corresponding monoesters and free phthalic acid. phthalic acid was then metabolized via protocatechuic acid by 3,4-dioxygenative ring cleavage.	1978	16345266
catabolism of 2,4,5-trimethyoxybenzoic acid and 3-methoxycrotonic acid.	4-methoxygentisic acid was an intermediate formed when arthrobacter degraded, 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid. isolates of pseudomonas and arthrobacter from soil grew at the expense of 3-methoxycrotonic acid. evidence is presented that enzymatic hydration, with elimination of methanol, accounted for replacement of the methoxyl group of 3-methoxycrotonic acid and also of one methoxyl group of 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid.	1978	646361
isolation and characterization of morphogenetic mutants of arthrobacter crystallopoietes.	mutants of arthrobacter crystallopoietes that exhibited altered ability to undergo the normal sphere-to-rod-to-sphere morphogenetic cycle were isolated. the procedure used to isolate these mutants involved velocity sedimentation in a sterile sucrose gradient to separate morphogenesis-deficient spherical cells from rod-shaped cells capable of normal morphogenesis. three classes of mutants were obtained: (i) those that cannot form rods, (ii) those that cannot form long rods, and (iii) those that f ...	1978	681281
enzymatic determination of phospholipase d activity with choline oxidase.	a new enzymatic method was developed for the assay of phospholipase d [phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase ec 3.1.4.4] from cabbage leaves using choline oxidase from arthrobacter globiformis cells. the method was based on the estimation of choline by the following series of enzymatic reactions after ending the phospholipase d reaction: choline + 202 + h2o choline oxidase betaine + 2h2o2 2h2o2 + phenol + 4-aminoantipyrine peroxidase quinoneimine dye + 4h2o the amount of choline was proportio ...	1978	641031
purification and properties of arthrobacter neuraminidase.	neuraminidase (ec 3.2.1.18) from an arthrobacter species was purified homogeneity by conventional procedures (yield approx. 1 mg/1) and was judged to be homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. gel electrofocusing of neuraminidase revealed 1 major band (85-90%), pi 5.35 +/- 0.05, and 6 minor bands, whose pi ranged from 5.25 to 5.70, and each of which had catalytic activity. arthrobacter neuraminidase is a monomeric glycoprotein of molecular weight 88 000, has an apparent km of ...	1978	629985
susceptibility of ganglioside gm1 to a new bacterial neuraminidase.		1978	658424
growth characteristics of three bacterial isolates from an arctic soil.	three bacterial isolates, a pseudomonas sp., a bacillus sp., and an arthrobacter sp., commonly isolated from a hummocky sedge-moss meadow at devon island, n.w.t., canada, were selected for further taxonomic characterization and for a study of the effects of temperature and limiting carbon source on growth. pseudomonas m216 resembled p. putida and bacillus m153, b. carotarum. arthrobacter m51 had growth-factor requirements which were more complex than those of any named species of that genus. the ...	1978	688099
regulation of flavoprotein synthesis studied in vivo in a riboflavin-requiring mutant of arthrobacter oxidans.	the biosynthesis of two flavoproteins, 6-hydroxy-d-nicotine oxidase with covalently bound fad and 6-hydroxy-l-nicotine oxidase containing non-covalently bound fad, was studied in wild-type cells and in a riboflavin-requiring mutant of arthrobacter oxidans. in the mutant cells, the rate of synthesis and the maximal activity level of both enzymes after induction by nicotine depended on the amount of added riboflavin. the low rate of synthesis in the presence of 2 micron riboflavin could be enhance ...	1978	718370
induction and regulation of neuraminidase synthesis in arthrobacter sialophilus.	a variety of n-acetylneuraminic acid (acneu) derivatives and analogs were examined as inducers of the extracellular neuraminidase of arthrobacter sialophilus. neuraminidase inductions were primarily studied with tryptone-yeast extract-grown cells after washing and resuspension in a defined replacement medium. the addition of readily metabolizable carbon sources to the latter, such as 0.1% casein hydrolysate, glutamate, or glucose, enhanced enzyme synthesis. enzyme appearance occurred after a lag ...	1978	721778
fad is covalently attached to peptidyl-trna during cell-free synthesis of 6-hydroxy-d-nicotine oxidase.	the process, by which fad is attached covalently to the 6-hydroxy-d-nicotine oxidase apoprotein in d-nicotine-induced cells of arthrobacter oxidans was studied in vitro. [3h]adenine-labelled fad prepared biosynthetically in clostridium kluyveri was incorporated into the 6-hydroxy-d-nicotine oxidase molecule during cell-free translation. fad rather than fmn or riboflavin was thus shown to be the flavin derivative transferred to the polypeptide chain. after short-term protein synthesis on ribosome ...	1978	738274
effect of temperature, growth rate, and nutrient limitation on the yield and composition of three bacterial isolates from an arctic soil grown in continuous culture.		1978	747808
mechanism of arthrobacter sialophilus neuraminidase: the binding of substrates and transition-state analogs.		1978	697876
kinetics of accumulation of a photodynamically induced cell-surface polypeptide in a species of arthrobacter.	cells of a species of arthrobacter were incubated in the light with methylene blue, a dye that sensitizes photooxidative reactions by the production of singlet oxygen. an early and major response by the cells to these conditions was stimulation of synthesis of a single cell-surface polypeptide, 21,000 daltons in mass. the rate of synthesis of this polypeptide reached a maximal level about 30 min after the start of illumination. as a consequence, the amount of this polypeptide increased at least ...	1978	711669
effect of starvation on survival of three bacterial isolates from an arctic soil.	three isolates, a pseudomonas sp., a bacillus sp. and an arthrobacter sp., which had been isolated from a meadow soil at devon island, canada, were subjected to starvation under varying conditions. the viabilities of the three isolates during starvation for 30 days in a carbon-free medium was assessed after the organisms had been grown continuously at varying rates in carbon- and nitrogen-limited media at 5 and 15 degrees c. pseudomonas m216 was the most resistant to starvation stress, bacillus ...	1978	747809
effect of freezing and thawing on survival of three bacterial isolates from an arctic soil.	three isolates, a pseudomonas sp., bacillus sp., and arthrobacter sp., which had been isolated from a meadow soil at devon island, canada, were subjected to freezing and thawing at low rates under various conditions. when cells were frozen in sand or soil, survival was dependent on moisture level, storage time, and thaw rate. pseudomonas m216 was most susceptible to freeze-thaw damage under these conditions. arthrobacter m51 was the most resistant of the three isolates when frozen in sand or soi ...	1978	747810
acetic acid, a catabolite repressor of cholinesterase synthesis by an arthrobacter simplex culture.	acetic acid was found to repress cholinesterase synthesis in the cells of arthrobacter simplex var. cholinesterasus even at very low concentrations (0.1%). the repression is very stable. it is not eliminated by glucose or an organic acid of the krebs cycle being added to the medium with acetic acid. the combination of acetic and butyric acids decreases the repression but does not eliminate it. the kinetics of cholinesterase synthesis was different in the cells grown on the medium with acetic aci ...	1978	27705
physical mapping of bk virus dna with saci, mboii, and alui restriction endonucleases.	a new restriction endonuclease, saci from streptomyces achromogenes cleaves bk virus (strain mm) dna into 3 fragments, whereas mboii from moraxella bovis and alui from arthrobacter luteus give 22 and 30 fragments, respectively. all these specific dna fragments were ordered and mapped on the viral genome by two methods first, by the reciprocal digestion method using uniformly 32p-labeled dna; and second, by the partial digestion technique using the single-end 32p-labeled dna. this study, together ...	1978	215783
cell-free synthesis of 6-hydroxy-d-nicotine oxidase containing covalently bound fad.		1978	342273
[aqueous petroleum-oxidizing arthrobacter].	water petroleum oxidizing bacteria of arthrobacter ceroformans as well as their lipid composition are described. on a medium containing hexadecane, all the strains produce wax in large amounts (upto 70% of total free lipids) consisting by 95% of cetyl palmitate. fatty acids are represented mainly by palmitic acid but comprise also unsaturated c16:1 and c18:1 acids. mycolic acids have not been detected. the significance of lipid composition for the identification of arthrobacteria is discussed.	1978	672687
[microflora of the low-mineralized waters of the truskavets deposit].	waters of the truskavetz deposit with a low content of mineral substances were found to contain considerable amounts of microorganisms; upto millions of cells per 1 ml. sulphate-reducing, dentrifying and iron bacteria were detected in the waters. the following genera were represented and isolated: pseudomonas, bacillus, nocardia, arthrobacter, brevibacterium, corynebacterium, micrococcus, candida, cryptococcus, rhodotorula, hansenula, torulopsis, trichosporon. many of the studied strains assimil ...	1978	672688
bacterial xanthine oxidase from arthrobacter s-2.	arthrobacter s-2, originally isolated by enrichment on xanthine, produced high levels of xanthine oxidase activity, requiring as little as a 20-fold purification to approach homogeneity with some preparations. molecular oxygen, ferricyanide, and 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol served as electron acceptors, but nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide did not. the enzyme was relatively specific when compared with previously studied xanthine-oxidizing enzymes, but at least one purine was observed to be oxi ...	1978	681279
production of microbial polysaccharides.		1978	356538
[distribution of the taxonomic traits in coryneform bacteria].		1978	418310
morphogenetic expression of arthrobacter globiformis 425 in continuous culture with carbon or biotin limitation.	when deprived of biotin, arthrobacter globiformis 425 exhibits abnormal morphology (large, branched forms of variable size) and a retardation of its normal growth rate. in chemostat cultures, when cells were grown under glucose limitation, the morphology was normal (coccoids or rods) at specific growth rates between 0.05 and 0.125 h-1 (doubling times between 14 and 5.5 h, respectively) at 25 degrees c. the coccoid-to-rod morphogenesis occurs at a specific growth rate of 0.11 h-1. at the same spe ...	1978	754873
isolation and characterization of arthrobacter bacteriophages and their application to phage typing of soil arthrobacters.	seventeen bacteriophages, active against 19 arthrobacter soil isolates, were isolated from concentrated samples of river water and sewage. attempts to isolate arthrobacter bacteriophages from filtrates of broth cultures of the soil isolates or from ultraviolet light-irradiated cultures were unsuccessful. bacteriophages were not detected in either concentrated or unconcentrated soil extracts. electron microscopic studies of 11 phages showed morphologies characteristic of bradley's groups b (exhib ...	1978	74980
the metabolism of 1-phenylethanol and acetophenone by nocardia t5 and an arthrobacter species.		1978	77775
[cadaverine is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of arthrobactin and ferrioxamine e (author's transl)].	cadaverin was more readily incorporated than lysine into arthrobactin from arthrobacter pascens and into ferrioxamin e from streptomyces glaucescens. from a racemic mixture only the l-isomer of lysine is incorporated. the l-lysine decarboxylase activity was measured in vivo and in vitro. the enzyme from arthrobacter pascens is not inducable by lysine and completely repressed by 5.10(-6) m fe3+. in klebsiella pneumoniae, the producer of aerobactin, only a very low activity of l-lysine decarboxyla ...	1978	354550
[peptidoglycan type and cell wall polysaccharide composition of cellulomonas cartalyticum and some coryneform organisms (author's transl)].	cellulomonas cartalyticum was found to contain a peptidoglycan type different from that of the other species of cellulomonas. the diamino acid is lysin instead of ornithine and the interpeptide bridge consists of d-asp-d-ser. the same peptidoglycan type occurs in corynebacterium manihot, brevibacterium liticum and arthrobacter luteus. these non cellulolytic organisms are most likely not closely related with cellulomonas cartalyticum, as indicated by the very different g +c content of their dna, ...	1978	98123
[chemotaxonomic markers of several coryneform bacteria and the "rhodochrous" group].	chemotaxonomic characters (the monosaccharide composition and diaminopimelic acid (dap) of cell hydrolysates, the type of lipid lcn-a) were studied with bacteria of the "rhodochrous" complex and the arthrobacter genus isolated from natural substrates as well as with collection strains of the genera arthrobacter, brevibacterium and corynebacterium. if arabinose, galactose and meso-dap were present in cell hydrolysates of these bacteria, they always contained lipid lcn-a. bacteria of the "rhodochr ...	1978	106219
mechanism of the oxidation of divalent iron and manganese by iron bacteria developing in a neutral acidic medium.	the paper confirms the existence of a peroxide mechanism involved in oxidation of iron and manganeses by the most typical iron bacteria growing at neutral acidity of the medium. oxidation of bivalent iron and manganese is accomplished by the simultaneous action of catalase and hydrogen peroxide produced in the respiratory chain in the course of oxidation of organic substances. catalase performs the peroxidase function in these processes. the possibility of these biological reactions to occur and ...	1978	30022
p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase and melilotate hydroxylase.		1978	30879
periodic cyclic amp uptake by synchronously grown cells of nocardia restricta and arthrobacter globiformis.		1978	212312
regulation of cyclic amp levels in arthrobacter crystallopoietes and a morphogenetic mutant.	the extracellular levels of cyclic amp (camp), camp phosphodiesterase activity, and adenylate cyclase activity were measured at various intervals during growth and morphogenesis of arthrobacter crystallopoietes. there was a significant rise in the extracellular camp level at the onset of stationary phase, and this rise coincided with a decrease in intracellular camp. the phosphodiesterase activity measured in vitro increased in the early exponential phase of growth as intracellular camp decrease ...	1978	207674
[effect of exogenous acetyl group acceptors on cholinesterase biosynthesis in arthrobacter simplex cells].	the presence of active acetyl or butyryl groups and their acceptors in the growth medium was found to be necessary for the high rate of cholinesterase biosynthesis in the cells of arthrobacter simplex var. cholinesterasus. the active acetyl and butyryl groups are formed upon hydrolysis of acetylcholine and butyrylcholine as well as in the course of glucose metabolism. the following acids were shown to be the acceptors of the acetyl and butyryl groups: butyric, succinic, fumaric, malic acids and, ...	1978	703648
isoprenoid quinones in the classification of coryneform and related bacteria.	menaquinones were the only isoprenoid quinones found in 85 of the 95 coryneform bacteria examined. dihydromenaquinones having nine isoprene units were the main components isolated from corynebacterium bovis, from other glutamic acid-producing strains, and from arthrobacter globiformis and related species. dihydromenaquinones with eight isoprene units were found in brevibacterium linens, the remaining corynebacterium species and strains probably belonging to the genus rhodococcus. tetrahydromenaq ...	1979	107269
[enzymes of intermediary metabolism in coryneform bacteria].	enzymes of the intermediate metabolism were studied in ten strains of corynebacterium-like organisms belonging to the genera arthrobacter, brevibacterium, corynebacterium and nocardia. all of these were found to contain enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, and nine strains among ten had dehydrogenases of the pentose phosphate shunt. the activity of enzymes of the citric acid cycle was low: alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase was not found in arthrobacter, corynebacterium, brevibacterium linens and n ...	1979	108525
[pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in methylotrophs].	the activity of pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases was determined in cell extracts of obligate and facultative methylotrophs which metabolized monocarbon reduced compounds via different pathways. phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase was found to be the only enzyme responsible for the high level of co2 fixation by methylotrophs with the serine pathway (methylosinus trichosporium, hyphomicrobium vulgare, pseudomonas methylica). methylotrophs with the hexulose phosphate pathway mehylobacter c ...	1979	108526
gentic engineering for practical application.	genetic engineering has ushered in a new era in biology. although many problems are still to be solved, there are examples that point to a possible later application for the benefit of mankind: bacteria can be manipulated to degrade crude-oil spillages, to produce human insulin and to bind nitrogen from the air. if all the bacteria that are indigenous to agricultural soils could be made to bind nitrogen, an increase in soil fertility might well result.	1979	108601
immunodiffusion studies of ribosomes in classification of mycobacteria and related taxa.	ribosomal preparations consisting of crude ribosomes (cr), 30s subunits (30s) and 16s core particles (16s) from four strains of the species mycobacterium bovis (bcg), mycobacterium fortuitum, mycobacterium phlei and mycobacterium smegmatis were analyzed by immunodiffusion technique for taxonomical purposes. the ribosomal preparations tested contained several interspecies cross-reacting precipitinogens. the number of precipitinogens demonstrated at the homologous reactions was generally larger th ...	1979	109401
comparison of three procedures for isolating dna from bacteria.	three methods employing chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (ci), phenol, or enzymes, were evaluated for isolating dna from escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, and arthrobacter globiformis. for the amounts of reagents employed at optimum conditions in the ci and phenol procedures, 0.4-0.9 mg of dna/g wet weight of cells was isolated. using the enzymatic procedure, approximately twice as much dna was isolated. dna isolated by the ci procedure contained 0.03-0.09% protein and 0.08-0.12% rna. dna isolated ...	1979	119130
[carboxylation enzymes of coryneform bacteria].	the enzymes of carbon dioxide heterotrophic fixation were studied in six strains of coryneform bacteria belonging to the genera arthrobacter, brevibacterium, corynebacterium and nocardia. all of the strains were found to contain pep (phosphoenolpyruvate) carboxylase (ec 4.1.1.31), nadp or nad dependent malic enzymes (ec 1.1.1.38--40). pyruvate carboxylase (ec 6.4.1.1) was found only in three strains of coryneforms: brevibacterium ammoniagenes, corynebacterium aquaticum and nocardia erythropolis. ...	1979	119147
differentiation of genera of the coryneform bacteria.	a scheme of the generic structure of the group of coryneform bacteria, including the genera arthrobacter, brevibacterium, cellulomonas, corynebacterium, and rhodococcus, is suggested. morphological, chemotaxonomic (presence and stereochemical form of diaminopimelic acid, lipid a, and l-arabinose), and physiological features were used as diagnostic criteria. the position of microbacterum and mycococcus and of coryneforms with a nocardial wall but giving a positive hugh-leifson anaerobic test, and ...	1979	121544
enzymatic properties of neuraminidases from arthrobacter ureafaciens.	neuraminidase i and neuraminidase ii from arthrobacter ureafaciens were characterized. as determined by gel filtration on ultrogel aca 44, the molecular weights of neuraminidases i and ii were 51,000 and 39,000, respectively. neuraminidases i and ii were similar to each other in their enzymatic properties except for the substrate specificities towards gangliosides and erythrocyte stroma. their optimal phs were between 5.0 and 5.5 with n-acetylneuraminosyl-lactose or bovine submaxillary mucin as ...	1979	42648
exocellular, microbial polysaccharides.		1979	380276
emulsifier of arthrobacter rag-1: isolation and emulsifying properties.	the oil-degrading arthrobacter sp. rag-1 produced an extracellular nondialyzable emulsifying agent when grown on hexadecane, ethanol, or acetate medium. the emulsifier was prepared by two procedures: (i) heptane extraction of the cell-free culture medium and (ii) precipitation with ammonium sulfate. a convenient assay was developed for measurement of emulsifier concentrations between 3 and 75 micrograms/ml. the rate of emulsion fromation was proportional to both hydrocarbon and emulsifier concen ...	1979	36840
degradation of even-numbered reduced and non-reduced hyaluronate oligosaccharides with d-glucuronic acid or n-acetyl-d-glucosamine as non-reducing terminal by chondroitin abc and ac lyases.	chondroitin abc and ac lyases split hexosaminidic linkages in galactosaminoglycans and hyaluronic acid. even-numbered oligosaccharides from hyaluronic acid with either d-glucuronic acid or n-acetylglucosamine in non-reducing position were used, prior to and after reduction with sodium borohydride, as substrates for chondroitin abc and ac lyases. these substrates allowed elucidation of the effects of the nearest neighborhood of the bond to be split on the action of the enzymes. the results indica ...	1979	387569