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growth of oral streptococcus species and actinomyces viscosus in human saliva.microorganisms in dental plaque live in constant association with saliva. the role of saliva in the adherence of bacteria to the teeth and the antibacterial properties of saliva have been well investigated; less interest has been shown in the possible role of saliva as a substrate for oral microorganisms. in this study it was shown that saliva can serve as a growth medium for oral streptococcus spp. and actinomyces viscosus. the cell production of these organisms on saliva was carbohydrate limit ...19846742834
inhibition of lactose-reversible adherence between actinomyces viscosus and oral streptococci by salivary components. 19846584210
the effect of chlorhexidine on the colonization of the human and rat dentition by actinomyces viscosus. 19846584211
human serum precipitins to oral bacteria related to dental caries.adults aged 20-38 years were classified by a positive (+) or negative (-) precipitating serum antibody response to d-alanyl glycerol teichoic acid (s), or an antigen from actinomyces spp. (a). culture filtrates of streptococcus mutans and actinomyces viscosus were used to detect the respective specific antibodies by immunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion when present in serum at a concentration of more than 0.05 mg/ml. among subjects who had grown up in fluoridated areas, a+ subjects exhibite ...19846587838
the effects of mutual interaction and host diet on the growth rates of the bacteria actinomyces viscosus and streptococcus mutans during colonization of tooth surfaces in di-associated gnotobiotic rats.the bacteria were simultaneously inoculated into the mouths of germ-free rats. the maximum growth rates attained by strep. mutans (doubling time td = 1.4 h) or a. viscosus (td = 2.7 h) were approximately the same as in mono-associated gnotobiotic rats [td = 1.1 and 2.8 h, respectively (beckers and van der hoeven, 1982a)]. the presence of glucose or sucrose did not affect the maximum growth rates. in starved rats, the accumulation of microorganisms tended to decline sooner, suggesting that the gr ...19846587844
the pattern of experimental colonization of a human and a rodent strain of the bacterium actinomyces viscosus on the dentition of the rat.samples were taken from mesial, buccal, lingual and approximal sites and from fissures. initially, most a. viscosus were recovered from the retention sites. with the exception of lingual sites during the period of exponential growth, the apparent doubling times calculated for a. viscosus nyl sr remained within narrow limits for all locations. after cessation of exponentional growth, both strains had colonized all surfaces. however, the rodent strain a. viscosus nyl sr had formed 30-800 times lar ...19846588932
effects of fluoride, lithium, and strontium on intracellular polysaccharide accumulation in s. mutans and a. viscosus.fluoride (5 mg/l) consistently depressed the accumulation of intracellular iodophilic polysaccharides (ips) in streptococcus mutans strains bht, fa-1, and gs-5 by over 90% and in actinomyces viscosus strain rc-45 by over 50%. there was little further reduction in ips content when fluoride was increased from 5 to 100 mg/l. lithium (0 to 1 mg/l) neither enhanced nor inhibited ips accumulation, nor did it modify the inhibitory effects of fluoride in three of the four strains tested. strontium (0 to ...19846589274
human neutrophil migration under agarose to bacteria associated with the development of gingivitis.in clinically healthy gingiva and increasingly with the development of inflammation, neutrophils are found in the gingival tissues and sulcus. this study evaluated the relative ability of bacteria associated with gingival health and developing inflammation to stimulate this increase in neutrophil accumulation. dialyzed bacterial sonic extracts (be) in buffer and pooled human serum (phs) from pure cultures of streptococcus sanguis. actinomyces viscosus, a naeslundii, bacteroides intermedius, fuso ...19846592328
growth and acid tolerance of human dental plaque bacteria.pure cultures of representative strains of cariogenic and non-cariogenic plaque bacteria were assessed for their ability to initiate and maintain growth in broths, adjusted to initial ph levels of 7.0, 5.5 or 5.0, and to produce lactic acid from sucrose or glucose in resting-cell suspensions at ph 6.5, 5.0, 4.5 and 4.0. streptococcus mutans, lactobacillus casei and streptococcus faecalis showed greater acid tolerance than strains of streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus salivarius, streptococcus ...19846594096
a simple method for extracting human lymphocyte stimulants from human dental plaque bacteria of the genus actinomyces.the effect of acid concentration on the hot-acid extraction of antigens from actinomyces viscosus that stimulate human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro was tested. the optimum ph for release of these antigens in a soluble low molecular-weight form was ph 2.3. preliminary purification on sepharose 4b demonstrated that most of the lympho-stimulatory material (about 90 per cent) had a mol. wt of about 100,000. this partially-purified antigenic material was mainly protein. the ph 2.3 hot-acid e ...19846594104
potential cariogenicity of lycasin 80/55 before and after repeated transmissions of the dental plaque flora in rats.five successive experiments, with rats fed ad libitum on diets containing sucrose or lycasin 80/55, were carried out. in experiment i, the rats were inoculated with streptococcus mutans alone or with strep. mutans in combination with actinomyces viscosus. in three successive transmission experiments (ii, iii, iv), the rats were inoculated with plaque of the rats of the preceding experiment. the rats of experiment v were inoculated with the original strains or with plaque derived from experiment ...19846598369
interbacterial adherence between actinomyces viscosus and strains of streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa.interbacterial adherence was sought between strains of actinomyces viscosus indigenous to the human mouth and strains of streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. six of nine strains of s. pyogenes, three of five strains of s. agalactiae, and two of four strains of p. aeruginosa were found to coaggregate with each of five strains of a. viscosus tested. some coaggregation reactions were inhibited by 0.05 m lactose and were dependent upon heat- and protease-sens ...19846423545
isolation of wolinella recta and actinomyces viscosus from an actinomycotic chest wall mass.in this note we describe a patient with an actinomycotic chest wall mass from which large numbers of wolinella recta and actinomyces viscosus organisms were isolated. this is the first reported association of w. recta with extraoral infection and the tenth report of lung infection by a. viscosus.19846520225
in vitro activity of a-16686, a potential antiplaque agent.a-16686, a new glycoproteide antibiotic from actinoplanes sp., was evaluated as a potential antiplaque agent in comparison with chlorhexidine, benzalkonium chloride, and cetylpyridinium chloride. a-16686 had good activity against gram-positive organisms associated with dental plaque (various streptococci, streptococcus mutans in particular, lactobacilli, actinomyces viscosus, and actinomyces naeslundii); most of the strains tested were clinical isolates. it was bactericidal for streptococci (mbc ...19846549119
effect of saliva on coaggregation of oral actinomyces and streptococcus species.human oral actinomyces and streptococci that exhibit specific coaggregation patterns when the cells are suspended in buffer were tested for their ability to coaggregate in saliva. of 53 paired combinations of actinomyces (actinomyces viscosus, a. naeslundii, or actinomyces sp. wva 963) and streptococci (streptococcus sanguis or s. morbillorum) that exhibited coaggregation in buffer, all but 4 pairs also coaggregated when suspended in saliva. twenty-four pairs exhibited lactose-inhibited coaggreg ...19846370861
sucrase and maltase activities in supragingival dental plaque in humans of streptococcal, actinomyces and lactobacilli species.20 reference strains and 72 isolated strains from dental plaque of streptococci, actinomyces, and lactobacilli species were examined for sucrase and maltase activities. the type of sucrase in the different strains was determined by use of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose. the enzyme activities were determined as formation of monosaccharide, and quantitated spectrophotometrically. although variations occurred in enzyme activities between reference and isolated strains, the same general p ...19846372064
[effect of solid substrates of microbial colony development].bacteria have been found to grow differently at contact sites to both organic and anorganic solids as on pure agar media. of 16 ad hoc selected bacterial strains, the following species (arranged in decreasing order) responded with stronger colony formation: bacillus subtilis, b. cereus, streptococcus sanguis, s. saprophyticus, s. faecalis, escherichia coli, micrococcus flavus, actinomyces viscosus, veillonella sp., enterobacter liquefaciens, yersinia enterocolitica. lactobacillus casei behaved n ...19846326398
automated immunofluorescent speciation of oral bacteria using flow cytometry.mixtures containing two bacterial species were analyzed using flow cytometric techniques. light scattering characteristics of streptococcus mutans and actinomyces viscosus show unique profiles for pure cultures. however, the light scatter analysis of a mixture containing these two species demonstrates overlapping near the origin. thus, light scatter analysis was not sufficient to speciate bacteria with different morphologies. labeling of samples with species-specific immunofluorescent antibodies ...19846205030
effects of the association of conventional rats with actinomyces viscosus nyl and bacteroides gingivalis w83. 19846241229
the function and distribution of different fimbriae on strains of actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii.actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii differ in their abilities to colonize tooth and epithelial surfaces. these differences appear to be associated with the distribution of different fimbriae on the two species and with the distinct adherence-related functions of these structures.19846142065
characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific for lipoteichoic acid from various gram-positive bacteria.a hybrid cell line, 3g6, producing monoclonal antibody (mab) against the polyglycerophosphate (pgp) backbone of lipoteichoic acids has been derived by the polyethylene glycol-induced fusion of mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells from mice immunized with partially purified glucosyltransferase from culture supernatant of streptococcus mutans strain 6715. immunodiffusion tests and elisa revealed that the antibody reacted with purified pgp from group a streptococcus pyogenes strain sv as well as cr ...19846083437
a possible mechanism for the cellular coaggregation between actinomyces viscosus atcc 19246 and streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557.the cells of actinomyces viscosus atcc 19246 (av19246) and streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557 (ss10557) coaggregated immediately after mixing in 40 mm-tris/hcl buffer. optimal conditions were ph 7.5 in the presence of ca2+ at 0.1 mm or higher. na2 edta and its analogues, na2mgedta and na2mnedta at 7.5 mm inhibited the coaggregation. trypsin and heat treatment impaired the reactive site on av19246 cells, but not on ss10557 cells. the coaggregates, once formed, dissociated gradually during extended ...19846481336
specific inhibition of adsorption of actinomyces viscosus t14v to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite by antibody against type 1 fimbriae.specific antibodies and their fab fragments were used to study adsorption of antinomyces viscosus t14v to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite. antibody against a. viscosus t14v blocked adsorption of the strain to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite, and this activity was removed after preincubation of the immune immunoglobulin g (igg) with purified type 1 fimbriae in amounts near equivalence but not after preincubation with type 2 fimbriae in antigen excess. specific igg or fab fragments against type 1 fimb ...19846141143
exclusive presence of lactose-sensitive fimbriae on a typical strain (wvu45) of actinomyces naeslundii.lactose-sensitive fimbriae were identified as the only fimbriae present on actinomyces naeslundii wvu45 (atcc 12104). a single antigen reactive with antiserum against wvu45 cells was detected by cross immunoelectrophoresis of isolated fimbriae, and a monospecific antiserum against this antigen reacted with all fimbriae observed on the bacterial surface by immunoelectron microscopy. moreover, the loss of one cell surface antigen by a spontaneous mutant of a. naeslundii wvu45 (wvu45m), isolated by ...19846150007
[bacteriological characterization of gingivitis-inducing plaque depending on different sugar levels of the diet].in a time period of 21 days an experimental gingivitis was induced in 8 volunteers. four volunteers received a carbohydrate-reduced, the other 4 persons a carbohydrate-enriched diet. clinical investigations on the development of plaque and gingivitis and bacteriological examinations of the supragingival microflora were performed simultaneously. the change in the composition of the supragingival plaque-microflora were nearly independent of the amount of food-carbohydrate. in the beginning of the ...19846485636
identification of bacteria in immunopathologic mechanisms of human dental pulp.serial frozen sections from human dental pulp were used for the identification of oral bacteria in immunopathologic mechanisms. sera raised against actinomyces viscosus, a. naeslundii, bacteroides gingivalis, and b. melaninogenicus ss. intermedius, commercial sera against human immunoglobulins, complement, and monoclonal antibodies against human t cells were used in a double-staining immunofluorescence technique. sections of dental pulp from normal teeth showed no penetration of bacteria or bact ...19846377171
mitogen-induced hyperproliferation response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with severe generalized periodontitis: lack of correlation with proportions of t cells and t-cell subsets.severe generalized periodontitis (sgp) is a localized inflammatory disease which differs clinically from common periodontitis in that it leads to remarkable extensive alveolar bone loss in relatively young adults. there is evidence that b-cell responses to bacterial substances may play a major role in the pathogenesis of this disease. in the present report, we show that a b-cell mitogen from actinomyces viscosus (avis) bacteria provokes a hyperproliferation response of peripheral blood mononucle ...19846607802
[isolation of actinomyces viscosus from an abscess caused by a dog bite]. 19836672934
specific coaggregation and the cell wall of streptococcus sanguis.sacculi prepared from streptococcus sanguis 34 by extensive extraction of cells with hot sodium dodecyl sulfate-2-mercaptoethanol retained the ability to coaggregate with actinomyces viscosus t14v. when s. sanguis 34 was disrupted by homogenization with glass beads and fractionated by differential centrifugation, only the cell wall fraction agglutinated a. viscosus t14v. when strain 34 was treated with lysozyme, the coaggregating capability of the cells was essentially unaltered. sacculi prepare ...19836874647
comparative histopathology of lesions produced by actinomyces israelii, actinomyces naeslundii, and actinomyces viscosus in mice.the histopathologic features of experimental actinomycotic lesions produced in mice by actinomyces israelii, actinomyces naeslundii, and actinomyces viscosus were examined. in lesions caused by a israelii the outer edge of the bacterial granule exhibited an eosinophilic fringe with no evidence of penetration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) into the bacterial granule. chronic lesions after 6 weeks contained lobulated advancing fronts as well as areas of resolution showing heavy penetration ...19836829706
isolation and characterization of intracellular polysaccharide from actinomyces viscosus. 19836571808
kinetics of adherence of actinomyces viscosus to saliva-coated silica and hydroxyapatite beads.adherence of 14c-labelled strains of actinomyces viscosus to uncoated and saliva-coated silica and hydroxyapatite beads had both loose and firm components, probably reflecting different subpopulations of bacteria within a single culture. adherence was characterized by the proportion of bacteria available for each type of adherence and a constant (kb) for each combination of bacterial strain and bead surface. loose adherence, which was greater with silica than with hydroxyapatite beads, always in ...19836311943
polymorphonuclear leukocyte regulation of lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation.the polymorphonuclear neutrophil (pmn) regulates in vivo and in vitro immune responses. we report that the immunoenhancing properties of pmn culture supernatants from pmn recruited by the bacterium actinomyces viscosus (av) show its exclusive effects on the t cell lymphocyte population. a study of the effect of pmn supernatants on normal balb/c splenocytes to t and b cell mitogens showed enhancing effects on t cell mitogens, but no effect on b cell mitogen responses when compared to a control. a ...19836229470
specific absence of type 2 fimbriae on a coaggregation-defective mutant of actinomyces viscosus t14v.the coaggregation-defective (cog-) mutant actinomyces viscosus t14v(pk455), which is unable to participate in lactose-sensitive adherence, and its cog+ parent were compared to structurally define the mutational loss of cell-associated lectin activity. immunoelectrophoretic comparisons of crude extracts or isolated fimbriae from both strains demonstrated type 2 fimbriae (previously designated ag2) in preparations obtained from the parent but none in those obtained from the mutant. this result was ...19836132880
infrequent polysaccharide cohesion among actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii fresh isolates of human origin. 19836222174
degradation of the microbial and salivary components participating in human dental plaque formation by proteases elaborated by plaque bacteria.twenty-eight strains of facultative, gram-positive, sporulating bacilli which produce caseinolytic enzymes were isolated from human early dental plaque. a major component of the extracellular caseinolytic enzymes elaborated by strong producers seemed to be neutral zinc proteases. the extracellular proteases inactivated glucosyltransferase of streptococcus mutans and inhibited the synthesis of adherent glucans from sucrose. the enzymes also degraded the strep. mutans cell-surface receptor for dex ...19836222727
of human dental plaque bacteria, actinomyces viscosus accelerates immunoglobulin a protease secretion in streptococcus sanguis. 19836347146
[immunoglobulin a protease secretion in streptococcus sanguis accelerated by actinomyces viscosus]. 19836361182
activation of the alternate complement pathway by peptidoglycan of actinomyces viscosus, a potentially pathogenic oral bacterium.peptidoglycans and cells walls from actinomyces viscosus, staphylococcus aureus, and group a streptococcus were compared for their relative abilities to activate the alternate complement pathway (acp). on the dry-weight basis, the peptidoglycan from a. viscosus was 3.5 times more active than group a streptococcal peptidoglycan and 15.6 times more active than staph. aureus peptidoglycan in activating the acp. consequently a. viscosus peptidoglycan is one of the most potent acp-activators reported ...19836362630
a factor from actinomyces viscosus t14v that specifically aggregates streptococcus sanguis h1.a highly specific aggregation factor for streptococcus sanguis h1 (afh1) was obtained by lysozyme treatment of actinomyces viscosus t14v. at 1 micrograms/ml, afh1 aggregated a suspension of s. sanguis h1, with which a. viscosus t14v coaggregates by a mechanism not inhibited by lactose: even at much higher levels afh1 caused little or no aggregation of streptococci from other coaggregation groups (j. o. cisar et al., infect. immun. 24:742-752, 1979). the most active fraction of afh1 obtained by g ...19836303957
prevalence of viridans streptococci exhibiting lactose-inhibitable coaggregation with oral actinomycetes.fresh oral isolates from human dental plaque were selected on the basis of their spherical morphology. in a double-blind experiment, their species identity and ability to coaggregate with human oral actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii were determined. of the 110 isolates characterized, 30 were identified as either streptococcus mutans, streptococcus anginosus-constellatus, or veillonella parvula; none of these coaggregated with the actinomycetes. the remaining 80 isolates were identi ...19836409806
new actinomyces and streptococcus coaggregation groups among human oral isolates from the same site.the coaggregation properties of recent human oral streptococcal and actinomyces isolates from the same site were determined and compared with the coaggregation properties of well-characterized stock strains of these two kinds of bacteria. streptococcus sanguis, actinomyces viscosus, actinomyces naeslundii, and phenotypically similar strains of actinomyces were isolated from subgingival samples from periodontally healthy older individuals, from persons participating in an experimental gingivitis ...19836409807
nonspecific induction of immunoglobulin m antibodies to periodontal disease-associated microorganisms after polyclonal human b-lymphocyte activation by fusobacterium nucleatum.the production of antibodies to oral bacteria was determined in lymphocyte cultures stimulated with sonicated fusobacterium nucleatum, a potent inducer of polyclonal b-cell activation. after 9 days the cultures were examined by a microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies to f. nucleatum, bacteroides gingivalis, actinomyces viscosus, and streptococcus sanguis. antibodies to these four bacteria were detected in cultures stimulated with polyclonal b-cell activatio ...19836604024
sodium fluoride susceptibilities of suspected periodontopathic bacteria.utilizing a blood-based medium, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic's) to sodium fluoride (naf) of 45 bacterial strains representing 22 oral species. bacterial susceptibility ranged from 128 micrograms/ml to 2048 micrograms/ml. of those organisms tested, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, capnocytophaga sputigena, capnocytophaga gingivalis, capnocytophaga ochracea, and actinomyces viscosus were susceptible at lower levels of naf.19836574154
colonization of the teeth of rats by human and rodent oral strains of the bacterium actinomyces viscosus.the mouths of rats were infected with human and rodent strains of a. viscosus and streptomycin-rifamycin-resistant (sr) mutants of these strains. the establishment, adherence to the teeth and cell dose required for infection were determined. human and rodent strains established equally well on the teeth and did not differ in their initial adherence to teeth. the cell dose required for infection was much lower for rodent than for human strains (less than 10(5) compared to 10(7) - 10(8) c.f.u.). t ...19836574735
effect of factors other than pathologic status on responsiveness of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic periodontitis.studies were designed to assess factors other than pathologic status of the cell donor which affect the blastogenic responsiveness in vitro of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbms) from normal donors and patients with periodontitis. cultures were established and activated using phytohemagglutinin-p (pha) or homogenates of actinomyces viscosus (avis), a gram-positive plaque microorganism, and fusobacterium nucleatum (fuso), a gram-negative plaque microorganism. activation was assessed by meas ...19836577178
actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii agglutinins in human saliva.the objectives were to determine the degree of actinomyces agglutinating activity in human saliva and to begin characterizing the agglutination mechanism. agglutination titres of whole saliva collected from adults and 6-yr-old children were compared. titres for a. naeslundii were always higher than for a. viscosus. the mean a. naeslundii titre for the adults' and children's samples were equivalent. the children had a slightly lower mean titre than the adults for a. viscosus. no correlation was f ...19836579605
predominant cultivable microflora of plaque on removable dentures in patients with healthy oral mucosa.plaque from the fitting surface of upper full dentures in eight patients with healthy palatal mucosa was studied. to characterize the predominant cultivable flora, 916 isolates (100-128 from each sample) were subcultured from anaerobic roll-tubes. streptococci constituted 0-81 per cent (median, 41 per cent) of the isolates with varying proportions of streptococcus milleri, streptoccus mutans, streptococcus salivarius, streptococcus mitior and streptococcus sanguis. staphylococcus aureus made up ...19836579900
use of bacteriophage-resistant mutants to study actinomyces viscosus cell surface receptors.spontaneously occurring bacteriophage-resistant mutants of actinomyces viscosus were isolated. the mutants exhibited altered coaggregation patterns with streptococci. from analysis of the data, it appears that a cell surface structure on a. viscosus may function both as a phage receptor and as a binding site for co-aggregation with certain oral streptococci. these mutants will be valuable in the study of surface structures that mediate one type of the cell-to-cell interactions that occur between ...19836580320
tetracycline and its derivatives strongly bind to and are released from the tooth surface in active form.several antibiotics were found to adsorb to saliva-coated enamel and to inhibit in vitro plaque formation by pure cultures of oral bacteria: actinomyces viscosus, actinomyces naeslundii and streptococcus mutans. tetracycline, minocycline and oxytetracycline adsorbed to the greatest degree, showing 100-fold higher adsorption than spiramycin, the test antibiotics with least adsorption. inhibition of in vitro plaque formation was found to require both drug substantivity (capacity for adsorption) an ...19836580410
copper-inhibition of the growth of oral streptococci and actinomyces.copper ions were found to inhibit the rate of growth in broth culture of streptococcus mitis, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus salivarious, streptococcus sanguis, actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii. in all cases, 10(-3) m copper inhibited the rate of growth, whereas 10(-4) m and lower concentrations had little or no effect. at the concentrations used in mouthwashes one mode of action of copper ions is to reduce the rate of growth of oral bacteria in vitro.19836615987
carbohydrate metabolism by actinomyces viscosus growing in continuous culture.a human oral strain of actinomyces viscosus, gn431/75, was grown anaerobically in a defined medium in continuous culture with a glucose limitation at dilution rates (d) between 0.025 and 0.2 h-1 and with a nitrogen limitation at d = 0.005 and 0.1 h-1. with 5 mg of glucose per ml, the culture was limited for carbon at d = 0.025 and 0.05 h-1, but became nitrogen limited (asparagine) at d = 0.1 and 0.2 h-1. the molar growth yield (yglucose) decreased from 50.0 to 40.9 g of cells per mol of glucose ...19836618664
further studies on the growth inhibition of some oral bacteria by xylitol.the growth in brain heart infusion medium containing glucose or sucrose of streptococcus mutans strain omz 176, two strains of strep. sanguis (atcc 10556 and no. 39) and actinomyces viscosus type atcc 27044 was inhibited by xylitol but not by d-arabitol or ribitol. when fructose was substituted for glucose, xylitol had no growth-inhibiting effect. it was also shown that the bacteria produced less acid in the presence of xylitol, as measured by the ph of the cultures or by neutralization with alk ...19836624463
production, purification, and properties of a bacteriocin from staphylococcus aureus isolated from saliva.staphylococci from samples of human saliva were isolated on staphylococcal-selective agar plates. these strains were tested for the inhibition of the growth of staphylococcus aureus fda209p. the frequency of inhibitory strains among all of the staphylococcal isolates was 5.2%. strain iys2, which formed the biggest inhibitory zone against the growth of the indicator strain, was used as the producer of bacteriocin. iys2 was identified to be s. aureus, based on its biological properties. the bacter ...19836832811
chemical characterization of extracellular polysaccharides produced by actinomyces viscosus t14v and t14av.the human isolates actinomyces viscosus t14v and t14av produced extracellular polysaccharides in the absence of sucrose. in contrast to strain t14v, strain t14av produced abundant viscous slime polysaccharide in the culture supernatant fluids when grown in a chemically defined medium containing glucose. after resolution of the t14av polysaccharides into seven fractions, it was demonstrated that two of these exhibited viscous properties and lacked methylpentose and muramic acid. the major slime p ...19836840834
influence of physicochemical parameters on adsorption of actinomyces viscosus to hydroxyapatite surfaces.adsorption of actinomyces viscosus strains t14v and t14av to saliva-treated and untreated hydroxyapatite (ha) under various environmental conditions was studied. strain t14v adsorption to saliva-treated ha was not influenced by ph, whereas strain t14av adsorbed in higher numbers under acidic conditions. the addition of cations inhibited adsorption of strains t14v and t14av to saliva-treated ha. strain t14v possessed a greater affinity for hydrophobic gels than did strain t14av, but incorporation ...19836840836
in vitro antiplaque activity of octenidine dihydrochloride (win 41464-2) against preformed plaques of selected oral plaque-forming microorganisms.the antibacterial activity of octenidine dihydrochloride (win 41464-2) against intact preformed in vitro plaques of four indigenous oral plaque-forming microorganisms, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis, actinomyces viscosus, and actinomyces naeslundii, was studied. both absolute (plaque bactericidal index) and relative (chlorhexidine coefficient) indices of antiplaque efficacy were established. octenidine dihydrochloride compared favorably with chlorhexidine digluconate with respect to ...19836847170
common antigens of streptococcal and nonstreptococcal oral bacteria: characterization of wall-associated protein and comparison with extracellular protein antigen.a soluble wall-associated common protein (wap) has been isolated from cell wall-extracted antigens of exponentially growing cells of streptococcus sanguis omz9, two serotypes (a and e), of streptococcus mutans and actinomyces viscosus omz104. the wap antigens from the different strains were obtained by chromatography on an anti-rabbit immunoglobulin column of sodium dodecyl sulfate-dissociated immunoprecipitates. the affinity-isolated wap antigens from the different oral bacteria were identical, ...19836852918
binding of 18f by cell membranes and cell walls of streptococcus mutans.the binding of 18f to isolated cell membranes and cell walls of streptococcus mutans gs-5 or other bacteria was assayed. the attachment of 18f to these cell envelopes proceeded slowly and reached equilibrium within 60 min. 18f binding was stimulated by ca2+ (1 mm). the binding of 18f to cellular components was dependent upon the ph, as well as the amount of 18f and dose of the binder employed. the binding of 18f by cell walls prepared from fluoride-sensitive and fluoride-resistant cells of s. sa ...19836862629
structural preferences of beta-galactoside-reactive lectins on actinomyces viscosus t14v and actinomyces naeslundii wvu45.specificities of lectins on actinomyces viscosus t14v and actinomyces naeslundii wvu45 were compared by measuring the abilities of d-galactose, n-acetyl-d-galactosamine, 14 beta-d-galacto-oligosaccharides, and 2 beta-d-fuco-oligosaccharides to inhibit coaggregation between streptococcus sanguis 34 and each actinomycete. inhibition profiles were similar, but wvu45 was significantly more sensitive to several inhibitors. d-galactose-beta(1 leads to 3)-n-acetyl-d-galactosamine glycosides were most p ...19836874075
chemical and immunological comparison of surface fibrils of strains representing six taxonomic groups of actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii.human isolates of actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii have been divided into six clusters in a numerical taxonomy study. surface fibrils of strains representing these clusters were isolated and purified. chemical analyses revealed that the major component of all fibrils was protein and that although differences in percentages of specific amino acid residues were found, the relative proportions of basic, acidic, polar uncharged, and nonpolar amino acids were rather similar among clust ...19836188696
comparative hydrophobicities of oral bacteria and their adherence to salivary pellicles.oral bacteria were found to differ in their surface hydrophobicities as determined by their ability to adsorb to hexadecane. strains of actinomyces viscosus, a. naeslundii, streptococcus sanguis, s. mitis, and bacteroides gingivalis proved highly hydrophobic. strains of b. intermedius, s. salivarius, s. mutans, and b. melaninogenicus were less hydrophobic, whereas strains of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were hydrophilic. an overall correlation was noted between the adsorption of bacteria ...19836885158
influence of sublethal antibiotic concentrations on bacterial adherence to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite.the influence of growth in the presence of sublethal concentrations of nine antibiotics on the ability of certain potentially odontopathic bacteria to attach to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite surfaces which mimic teeth was studied. cells of actinomyces viscosus ly7 and s2, bacteroides gingivalis 381, capnocytophaga ochraceus 6, and actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans n27 attached in lower numbers to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite when grown in the presence of 50% of the minimum inhibitory concent ...19826274799
immunoelectron microscopic studies of actinomyces viscosus. 19826211536
characterization of a galactose-specific lectin from actinomyces viscosus by a model aggregation system.a simple model system has been developed in which lectin-mediated aggregation of glycoprotein-coated beads can be monitored by following the decrease in light scattering at 650 nm. aggregation has been characterized with the lectin of actinomyces viscosus t14v. its dependence on ph, temperature, and stirring rate was examined, and the number of bacterial cells in relation to the number of latex beads resulting in optimal aggregation was established. this system has the advantage of permitting th ...19826185429
antibodies against the ag2 fimbriae of actinomyces viscosus t14v inhibit lactose-sensitive bacterial adherence.monospecific antisera against the ag1 and ag2 fimbrial components of actinomyces viscosus t14v were produced by immunizing rabbits with immune precipitates of each antigen harvested from crossed-immunoelectrophoresis plates. the fab fragments prepared from these sera were used as specific reagents in immunoelectron microscopy to identify each fimbrial component on the bacterial surface and also were assayed for their abilities to prevent the coaggregation of a. viscosus t14v with streptococcus s ...19826124506
humoral immune response to oral microorganisms in periodontitis.serum antibody titers from patients with periodontitis were compared with those from periodontally healthy subjects. with the micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunoglobulin g (igg), iga, and igm antibody titers to isolates of streptococcus sanguis, actinomyces viscosus, bacteroides gingivalis, bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius, bacteroides gingivalis, bacteroides melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius, bacteroides ochraceus, and fusobacterium nucleation were determined. antibod ...19826126434
common antigens of streptococcal and non-streptococcal oral bacteria: isolation and biochemical characterization of the extracellular protein antigen.an extracellular soluble common protein (ecp) has been purified from extracellular soluble fractions of exponential phase cultures of streptococcus sanguis omz9, of a representative strain of each of bratthall's seven serological groups of streptococcus mutans, and of one strain each of lactobacillus salivarius and actinomyces viscosus. the ecp antigens from the different strains were prepared from sds-dissociated immunoprecipitates by affinity chromatography on an anti-rabbit immunoglobulin col ...19826816904
migration of leukocytes in dental pulp in response to plaque bacteria.cell material from three different dental plaque bacteria (actinomyces viscosus, streptococcus mitis, actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) were studied for their capacity to induce leukocyte migration in the dental pulp of monkeys. altogether five animals were used to provide 123 teeth for the study. the bacterial test materials were prepared from lyophilized sonicates of pure cultures of respective bacteria mixed with crystalline bovine serum albumin (bsa) 1:1 by weight. immediately prior to u ...19826960465
minimum nutritional requirements for cellular growth and extracellular slime polysaccharide production by the human dental plaque bacterial mutant actinomyces viscosus t14av.the requirements were examined in chemically-defined media. magnesium sulphate, potassium phosphate and adenine were essential for cellular growth and sodium bicarbonate and inositol further stimulated growth. the addition of sodium phosphate to this medium stimulated both cellular growth and slime production. in contrast, ammonium sulphate inhibited slime production. biotin and thiamine stimulated cellular growth and nicotinic acid was essential for slime production. glutamine, alanine and cyst ...19826961899
effect of chinese and western antimicrobial agents on selected oral bacteria.the susceptibility of selected oral bacteria, including suspected periodontopathogens, to a commonly employed chinese herbal medicine huang-chin (hc, scutellaria baicalensis) was tested in vitro. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbc) were determined. hc was also compared with tetracycline, alexidine, and stannous fluoride. hc decoction, at a concentration of 2%, was bacteriostatic in eight of 11 bacteria tested, but a concentration of 3.13% or g ...19826963285
a microbiological analysis of human early carious and non-carious fissures.the fissure sampling technique consisted of removing the fissure using a bur in a high-speed handpiece with water spray and then suctioning the fissural contents and the water spray into a sterile sampling container. sixty-eight teeth were sampled. total bacterial counts, total streptococcal counts, and counts of streptococcus mutans, streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus faecalis, actinomyces viscosus, and lactobacilli were performed on the fissural samples. there was a four-fold increase in the ...19826949945
plasmid content of some oral microorganisms isolated from subgingival plaque.eighty-five strains of bacterial species selected from the predominant cultivable dental plaque flora of patients with different periodontal pathologies were examined for their plasmid content. microorganisms studied included: actinomyces viscosus, a. odontolyticus, bacteroides asaccharolyticus (b. gingivalis), b. melaninogenicus subspecies intermedius, and subspecies melaninogenicus, capnocytophaga ochracea (b. ochraceus), and fusobacterium nucleatum. three b. melaninogenicus isolates showed pl ...19826949951
morphological, chemical and antigenic characterization of m-1 n-acetylmuramidase-digested cell walls of the oral pathogenic bacterium actinomyces viscosus t14v and t14av.the cell walls were enzymically solubilized with m-1 n-acetylmuramidase. the minimum amount of enzyme required for maximum response was 70 micrograms/mg of wall. the action of the enzyme seemed localized, producing holes in the wall structure. chemistry and morphology suggested that all of the wall was solubilized. antigenically, anti-t14av formed precipitates with 11-14 antigens from the solubilized walls, of which 3 are unique to strain t14av. many of these antigens have not been observed prev ...19826953934
differences in lymphoproliferative responses to the bacterium actinomyces viscosus in various mammalian species.a water-soluble extract of actinomyces viscosus (avs) was tested for its capacity to induce dna synthesis in lymphocytes from man, monkeys, mice and guinea pigs. the results indicated that the avs induced an in-vitro lymphoproliferative response, as assessed by tritiated thymidine incorporation, in mouse-spleen cells, in the majority of human peripheral blood samples tested and in macaque monkey spleen cells. the avs also elicited a blastogenic response from spleen, lymph node and peripheral blo ...19826953950
inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis by soluble bacterial products.bacterial-neutrophil interactions may be critical determinants of virulence in periodontal diseases. this study was undertaken to examine the ability of major bacterial species from the human oral cavity to inhibit (1) peripheral blood neutrophil chemotaxis, (2) chemotactic formylmethionyl peptide binding, and (3) phagocytosis. included were cultured supernatants and sonic extracts obtained from strains of capnocytophaga, bacteroides gingivalis, fusobacterium nucleatum, bacteroides asaccharolyti ...19826956714
[mouse polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis by actinomyces viscosus]. 19826958070
growth rates of actinomyces viscosus and streptococcus mutans during early colonization of tooth surfaces in gnotobiotic rats.germfree osborne-mendel rats were monoassociated with actinomyces viscosus or streptococcus mutans. the adherence and subsequent growth of these organisms on the tooth surface was studied by means of total viable cell counts. both a. viscosus and s. mutans showed a lag phase and an exponential growth phase, similar to logarithmic growth in batch cultures. the exponential growth rates of s. mutans and a. viscosus were 0.63 h-1 (doubling time [td] = 1.1 h) and 0.24 h-1 (td = 2.9 h), respectively. ...19827056576
development of a selective medium for detection and enumeration of actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii in dental plaque.a selective medium (cfat) was developed for the detection and enumeration of actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii in dental plaque. neutral acriflavin and potassium tellurite were used in combination with the known selective agents cadmium and fluoride to eliminate most of the competing plaque flora. composition of cfat per liter was as follows: trypticase soy broth (bbl microbiology systems), 30 g; glucose, 5 g; agar, 15 g' cadmium sulfate, 13 mg; sodium fluoride, 85 mg; neutral acri ...19827068820
adsorption of lysozyme from human whole saliva by streptococcus sanguis 903 and other oral microorganisms.several strains of streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus mitis, actinomyces viscosus, and actinomyces naeslundii plus fresh isolates of streptococcus salivarius were surveyed for their abilities to deplete lysozyme from human-whole-saliva supernatant. bacteria were incubated in saliva for 60 min at 37 degrees c and then removed by centrifugation, and the recovered supernatant solutions were assayed for lysozyme activity by using whole cells of micrococcus lysodeikticus as th ...19827076291
inhibitors of coaggregation between actinomyces viscosus t14v and streptococcus sanguis 34: beta-galactosides, related sugars, and anionic amphipathic compounds.coaggregation between actinomyces viscosus t14v (t14v) and streptococcus sanguis 34 (ss34) depends upon specific reaction between lectin on t14v and carbohydrate on ss34. studies on coaggregation inhibition by sugars related to d-galactose, beta-galactosides, and amphipathic molecules revealed: (i) d-fucose, d-talose approximately equal to d-galactose, which was 0.2 potency of lactose. no other hexoses or pentoses inhibited at 0.1 m. (ii) gal beta (1 leads to 3)galnac alpha och2c6h5 was the most ...19827076303
modulation of human lymphocyte transformation by bacterial products and leukocyte lysates.blast transformation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by pha is shown to be modulated by lipoteichoic acid (lta) of streptococcus mutans, by a cell-sensitizing factor of actinomyces viscosus, as well as by a frozen and thawed extract of human leukocytes (le). while small amounts of le (5-50 micrograms/10(6) cells) significantly enhanced pha-induced transformation, higher amounts showed a lesser effect on the blastogenic response. both lta and the a. viscosus extract did not cause any lymph ...19827085043
recovery of microorganisms from synovial and pleural fluids of animals using hyperosmolar media.l-phase (cwd) broth and plate media were used in parallel with conventional microbiological media during a 3-year period for culturing synovial and pleural fluids of animals. two kinds of recoveries were obtained where parallel conventional methods were negative: (1) parent or normal bacteria, in very low numbers; and (2) type b cwd variants in equally low numbers. organisms in group 1 were: streptococcus zooepidemicus from horses (2x); beta-hemolytic streptococci, lancefield gp. g (2x); staphyl ...19827101719
enzymatic modification of bacterial receptors on saliva-treated hydroxyapatite surfaces.certain properties of experimental pellicles formed by the adsorption of salivary components on hydroxyapatite surfaces change over time. to determine whether enzymes likely to be present in the oral environment could induce such changes, pellicles were treated with saliva which had been incubated for 18 h at 35 degrees c to promote the elaboration of microbial enzymes. this treatment markedly reduced the numbers of streptococcus mutans mt3 and jbp and s. sanguis fc-1 and c5 cells which attached ...19826281193
isolation and characterization of coaggregation-defective mutants of actinomyces viscosus, actinomyces naeslundii, and streptococcus sanguis.spontaneously occurring coaggregation-defective (cog-) mutants of oral actinomycetes and streptococci were isolated and used to study interactions between cells of these two kinds of bacteria. cog- mutants of each kind of bacteria were isolated by a simple enrichment scheme. parent strains were mixed with a coaggregating partner strain, coaggregated cells were removed by low-speed centrifugation, and non-coaggregated cells were recycled by the addition of more partner strain cells. cog- mutants ...19827129635
effect of microbial interaction on the colonization rate of actinomyces viscosus or streptococcus mutans in the dental plaque of rats.the resident oral microflora of conventional osborne-mendel rats was challenged with actinomyces viscosus or streptococcus mutans strains. the adherence of the inoculated organism to the tooth surface and the subsequent growth were studied by means of viable counts determination. the initial growth rate of s. mutans in conventional rats was lower than in mono-associated gnotobiotic rats (doubling time, td = 5 h versus td = 1.1 h). the delayed start of growth and the low initial growth rate indic ...19827141698
glucose uptake by streptococcus mutans, streptococcus mitis, and actinomyces viscosus in the presence of human saliva.glucose uptake was examined by using whole-cell suspensions of streptococcus mutans (strains bht, ingbritt, and gs-5), streptococcus mitis (strains 9811 and 72x41), and actinomyces viscosus (strains t6 and wvu626) incubated for up to 90 min in 0 to 82% (vol/vol) human whole salivary supernatant. glucose uptake by the s. mutans strains was completely inhibited at all saliva concentrations. dithiothreitol (dtt), present during saliva incubation, prevented saliva inhibition. glucose uptake was also ...19827152663
effect of diet on the colonization of the mouth by actinomyces viscosus (t-6) in osborne-mendel rats.oral colonization by a. viscosus, strain t-6 was studied in osborne-mendel rats which were fed either sucrose, glucose, starch or casein alone ad libitum by mouth. essential nutrients were given to the rats twice daily by stomach tube. all three carbohydrates supported implantation by actinomyces to varying degrees. implantation did not occur when the animals were fed casein. casein did not have any antimicrobial effect on actinomyces already established in the rat mouth; it was impossible to el ...19826963886
actinomyces viscosus in association with chronic osteomyelitis of the mandible. 19826959644
partial purification and characterization of the bone resorption factor from actinomyces viscosus. 19826802461
role of macrophages in the lymphocyte response to actinomyces viscosus.macrophage cooperation has been considered necessary for lymphocytes to express a variety of their differentiated functions. we attempted to characterize macrophage-lymphocyte cooperation in response to a known periodontal pathogen. actinomyces viscosus t14v. using adherent murine cells and subpopulations of splenocyte cultures, we assessed the effect of a. viscosus t14v fractions on lymphocyte proliferation. we determined that (i) various fractions of a. viscosus induced different proliferative ...19826982867
cell-mediated and humoral immune responses of guinea-pigs to the oral bacterium actinomyces viscosus.actinomyces viscosus is a gram-positive facultative rod indigenous to most human mouths. the guinea-pig was evaluated as a model for assessing cellular immune responses to a human strain of a. viscosus. guinea-pigs, immunized with heat-killed a. viscosus cells or a water-soluble extract from a. viscosus (avs), were tested for delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to a. viscosus 4 weeks after immunization. a week later, the guinea-pigs were terminated. lymphocytes from peripheral blood, lymph n ...19826963887
cell-mediated cytotoxicity against rat fibroblasts induced by actinomyces viscosus.cell-mediated cytotoxicity against syngeneic fetal rat fibroblasts that require in vitro exposure of effector cells to actinomyces viscosus ny1 fractions was investigated by measuring the uptake of radioactivity by fibroblasts during a 2-h pulse with [14c]aminoisobutyric acid after 1 to 3 days of coculture with splenic effector cells. by using splenocytes from inbred ric-sprague-dawley rats as effector cells and syngeneic embryonic rat fibroblasts as target cells, strong cell-mediated cytotoxici ...19827118254
novel antigens of oral actinomyces species prepared from a cell wall enzyme lysate.purified cell walls of actinomyces viscosus and actinomyces naeslundii were solubilized by the enzymatic action of ml n-acetylmuramidase. soluble cell wall carbohydrate antigens were purified by column chromatography. a purified antigen preparation (fraction c) from a. viscosus atcc 19246 was found to contain deoxyhexoses (rhamnose and 6-deoxytalose), hexosse (galactose, glucose and mannose), and a peptidoglycan component. this preparation gave a single precipitin band against antiserum to homol ...19827154407
purification and characterization of surface fibrils from taxonomically typical actinomyces viscosus wvu627.fibrils of actinomyces viscosus wvu627 (numerical taxonomy cluster 1) were obtained by homogenization and purified by ultrafiltration, ammonium sulfate precipitations, gel filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography. electron microscopy and resolution of a single band by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis attested to the purity of the preparation. purified fibrils were composed mainly of protein; small quantities of carbohydrate and phosphorus were detected. immunoelectrop ...19817275934
potential salicylamide antiplaque agents: in vitro antibacterial activity against actinomyces viscosus.a series of 55 salicylamides, including 3,5-dibromo-, 5-n-alkyl-, and 5-n-acylsalicyloyl derivatives of various anilines, heterocyclic amines, benzylamines, and alkylamines, was synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against actinomyces viscosus, an adherent oral microorganism implicated in periodontal disease. the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations of 15 4'-bromosalicylanilides were found to correlate (r = 0.92) with estimated log d values. several nonhalogenated ...19817328586
degradation of type i collagen fibrils synthesized by human dental pulp cells in explant exposed to actinomyces viscosus. electron microscope immunotyping. 19817030774
immune responsiveness of sm/j mice. cellular characteristics and genetic analysis of hyperresponsiveness to b cell mitogens.we tested the proliferative responses of splenocytes from a panel of inbred mouse strains to avis, a b cell mitogen from actinomyces viscosus bacteria. the sm/j strain was found to exhibit severalfold higher responsiveness than any of the other strains. sm/j splenocytes were also hyperresponsive to the b cell mitogens lipopolysaccharide, dextran sulfate, and purified protein derivative of tuberculin, but responsiveness to the t cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin was normal. (b6 x sm)f1 and f1 x b6 ...19816974217
cells involved in the mitogen-induced helper function which facilitates the blastogenic response to actinomyces viscosus. 19816972845
in vitro stimulation of immunoglobulin production from human peripheral blood lymphocytes by a soluble preparation of actinomyces viscosus.in this paper, we report the ability of a soluble, ultrasonicate preparation of actinomyces viscosus to stimulate in vitro immunoglobulin production by human peripheral blood lymphocytes. immunoglobulin a (iga), igg, and igm concentrations were determined with a highly sensitive and specific micro-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (micro-elisa). a viscosus-induced immunoglobulin production was t lymphocyte dependent and was inhibited by monocytes. the immunoglobulin response was optimal when a. ...19816971261
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