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colon-specific delivery of a probiotic-derived soluble protein ameliorates intestinal inflammation in mice through an egfr-dependent mechanism.probiotic bacteria can potentially have beneficial effects on the clinical course of several intestinal disorders, but our understanding of probiotic action is limited. we have identified a probiotic bacteria-derived soluble protein, p40, from lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg), which prevents cytokine-induced apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. in the current study, we analyzed the mechanisms by which p40 regulates cellular responses in intestinal epithelial cells and p40's effects on exper ...201121606592
from probiotics to therapeutics: another step forward?preclinical studies with probiotics continue to unravel mechanisms of cytoprotection and suggest that approaches utilizing microbial products as therapeutics in acute and chronic gastrointestinal disorders could be effective. however, clinical trials using these bacteria have thus far been inconsistent. in this issue of the jci, yan et al. describe a novel mechanism of cytoprotection by p40, a soluble product of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg, mediated via egfr. the efficacy of p40 in three models o ...201121606604
resistance of two temperate lactobacillus paracasei bacteriophages to high pressure homogenization, thermal treatments and chemical biocides of industrial application.temperate bacteriophages ф ilp84 and ф ilp1308, previously isolated from mitomycin c-induction of lactobacillus paracasei strains 84 and cnrz1308, respectively, were tested for their resistance to several physical and chemical treatments applied in dairy industry. long-term survival at 4 °c, -20 °c and -80 °c, resistance to either thermal treatments of 63 °c, 72 °c and 90 °c, high pressure homogenization (hph, 100 mpa) or classic (ethanol, sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid) and new commerci ...201222029923
Metabolism of amino acids, dipeptides and tetrapeptides by Lactobacillus sakei.The microbial degradation of proteins, peptides and amino acids generates volatiles involved in the typical flavor of dry fermented sausage. The ability of three Lactobacillus sakei strains to form aroma compounds was investigated. Whole resting cells were fermented in phosphate buffer with equimolar amounts of substrates consisting of dipeptides, tetrapeptides and free amino acids, respectively. Dipeptides disappeared quickly from the solutions whereas tetrapeptides were only partially degraded ...201222202875
An evaluation of the effects of Lactobacillus ingluviei on body weight, the intestinal microbiome and metabolism in mice.Food can modify the intestinal flora, and Lactobacillus ingluviei has been shown to cause weight gain in chicks and ducks but not in mammals.201222020311
immunogenicity of lactobacillus-expressing vp2 and vp3 of the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) in rainbow trout.infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) infects salmonid fish with high mortality and causes serious economic losses to salmonid aquaculture. lactobacillus strains have a number of properties that make them attractive candidates as delivery vehicles for the presentation to the mucosa of compounds with pharmaceutical interest, in particular vaccines. here, lactobacilli/escherichia coli shuttle vector ppg1 (surface-displayed) or ppg2 (secretory) with the capsid vp2 gene inserted was transforme ...201222138084
influence of technological conditions of sausage fermentation on the aminogenic activity of l. curvatus ctc273.the influence of technological factors (temperature and relative humidity of the manufacturing process and the diameter of the sausage) on the aminogenic activity of the strain lactobacillus curvatus ctc273 was evaluated. inoculation of sausages with l. curvatus ctc273 resulted in the accumulation of large amounts of biogenic amines (higher than 1000 mg/kg dry matter in some samples) during the manufacture of fuet and llonganissa sausages. sausages produced via process 'a' (3 days at 20-23 °c an ...201222029917
effect of pepsin-treated bovine and goat caseinomacropeptide on escherichia coli and lactobacillus rhamnosus in acidic conditions.caseinomacropeptide (cmp) is a 7-kda phosphoglycopolypeptide released from κ-casein during milk digestion and in the cheesemaking process. the objective of the study was to analyze the effect of pepsin-treated cmp from cow and goat milk on the resistance of escherichia coli and lactobacillus rhamnosus during acid stress. bacterial cells in the exponential growth phase were suspended in acidified phosphate buffered saline with or without pepsin-treated cmp. viability was determined during a 90-mi ...201222192178
changes in ruminal bacterial community composition following feeding of alfalfa ensiled with a lactic acid bacterial inoculant.some silage inoculants help to improve silage quality and promote an increase in milk production, possibly through altering the rumen microflora. we hypothesized that rumen bacterial community composition (bcc) would be different in cows fed alfalfa ensiled with the inoculant lactobacillus plantarum mtd/1 (lp) compared with those fed alfalfa ensiled without the inoculant (ctrl). eight ruminally cannulated holstein cows were allotted to 2 diets (ctrl or lp) in a double crossover design with four ...201222192212
the spatial distribution of bacteria in grana-cheese during ripening.the microbial composition and its spatial distribution of grana trentino, a hard parmesan-like cheese, was determined, from vat milk to cheese. after cutting along the vertical axis of the cheese wheels, three layers were sampled diagonally across the cheese: under the cheese rind, an intermediate section and the cheese core. after two different ripening periods (9 and 18 months), the cheese samples were analysed using traditional culture dependent and culture independent methods. milk samples w ...201221943677
Epifluorescence and atomic force microscopy: Two innovative applications for studying phage-host interactions in Lactobacillus helveticus.Bacteriophages attacking lactic acid bacteria (LAB) still represent a crucial problem in industrial dairy fermentations. The consequences of a phage infection against LAB can lead to fermentation delay, alteration of the product quality and, in most severe cases, the product loss. Phage particles enumeration and phage-host interactions are normally evaluated by conventional plaque count assays, but, in many cases, these methods can be unsuccessful. Bacteriophages of Lactobacillus helveticus, a L ...201222024504
identification of staphylococci and dominant lactic acid bacteria in spontaneously fermented swiss meat products using pcr-rflp.pathogenic, spoilage, and technologically important microorganisms were monitored in 21 spontaneously fermented swiss meat products manufactured with meat from wildlife or animals grown in natural habitat. thereby, pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) on rpob and 16s rrna gene sequences provided a powerful tool for fast and accurate identification of the main microbial population. lactobacillus sakei and lactobacillus curvatus dominated in fermented meat products followed by staph ...201222202869
Complete Resequencing and Reannotation of the Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 Genome.There is growing interest in the beneficial effects of Lactobacillus plantarum on human health. The genome of L. plantarum WCFS1, first sequenced in 2001, was resequenced using Solexa technology. We identified 116 nucleotide corrections and improved function prediction for nearly 1,200 proteins, with a focus on metabolic functions and cell surface-associated proteins.201222156394
Fingerprint of lactic acid bacteria population in beef carpaccio is influenced by storage process and seasonal changes.We have investigated the population structure of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for several beef carpaccio available on the market with the purpose of comparing the effect of storage process (modified-atmosphere packaging and vacuum-packaging) and of seasonal changes on this microbial population. Out of 60 samples we have characterised 214 isolates accounting for 10 LAB species and 35 isolates accounting for 11 non-LAB species. Lactobacillus sakei, Leuconostoc carnosum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides ...201222202872
The potential of biodetoxification activity as a probiotic property of Lactobacillus reuteri.Previous work on the metabolism of Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 anticipated a variability in the use of organic electron acceptors as a means to relieve metabolic redox problems. Therefore, investigations focusing on this unique metabolism of L. reuteri may reveal a basis for new probiotic properties. For instance, L. reuteri may use reactive aldehydes and ketones as electron acceptors to balance their redox metabolism, which opens the possibility to exploit this bacterium for in vivo biored ...201222071286
Production of volatile compounds by Lactobacillus sakei from branched chain a-keto acids.Lactobacillus sakei belongs to the main flora of raw fermented sausages and is used as starter culture. Bacterial starter cultures can convert amino acids to a-keto acids by aminotransferases. These a-keto acids are the precursors of aroma active aldehydes, alcohols and carboxylic acids. In this study the formation of aldehydes, alcohols and carboxylic acids from leucine, isoleucine, valine and the corresponding a-keto acids are analysed in model fermentations with two different strains of L sak ...201222202876
The effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supplemented enteral feeding on the microbiotic flora of preterm infants-double blinded randomized control trial.Intestinal flora of preterms, dominantly presents with decreased amounts of physiological microbiota. This double blinded randomized control trial compared the stool of bottle fed preterms, randomized to receive lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) 6x109or placebo with formula feeding.201222055271
construction of theta-type shuttle vector for leuconostoc and other lactic acid bacteria using pcb42 isolated from kimchi.the pcb42 plasmid from leuconostoc citreum cb2567, a strain isolated from kimchi, was characterized, and a shuttle vector for escherichia coli and lactic acid bacteria (lab) was constructed. the pcb42 plasmid has a circular structure of 4312bp, a low g+c content, and no single-stranded dna intermediates during replication, which indicates that pcb42 replicates via the theta-type replication mechanism. in silico analysis of this plasmid revealed 6 open reading frames: 1 transposase gene, 1 dna-bi ...201222133745
cholesterol assimilation and biotransformation by lactobacillus helveticus.lactobacillus helveticus, grown at 37°c in mrs medium supplemented with 3 mm cholesterol, assimilated all the cholesterol in 42 h having 68 u mg(-1) of intracellular cholesterol oxidase activity. the strain transformed 1 g cholesterol to 0.05 g of androsta-1, 4-diene-3, 17-dione and 0.04 g of androst-4-ene-3, 17 dione within 48 h at 37°c with extracellular cholesterol oxidase activity at 12 u mg(-1) and intracellular oxidase at 0.5 u mg(-1).201221898131
Bovine Lactoferrin Prevents Invasive Fungal Infections in Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Background: Lactoferrin is a mammalian milk glycoprotein involved in innate immunity. Recent data show that bovine lactoferrin (bLF) prevents late-onset sepsis in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from a multicenter randomized controlled trial where preterm VLBW neonates randomly received bLF (100 mg/day; group A1), bLF + Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (10(6) colony-forming units per day; group A2), or placebo (group B) for 6 weeks. Here we ...201222184648
genome sequence of the bacteriocin-producing lactobacillus curvatus strain crl705.lactobacillus curvatus is one of the most prevalent lactic acid bacteria found in fermented meat products. here, we present the draft genome sequence of lactobacillus curvatus crl705, a bacteriocin producer strain isolated from an argentinean artisanal fermented sausage, which consists of 1,833,251 bp (gc content, 41.9%) and two circular plasmids of 12,342 bp (prc12; gc, 43.9%) and 18,664 bp (prc18; gc, 34.4%).201222207745
administration of lactobacillus fermentum crl1446 increases intestinal feruloyl esterase activity in mice.to evaluate the effect of oral administration of lactobacillus fermentum crl1446 on the intestinal feruloyl esterase (fe) activity and oxidative status of mice.201222017704
species diversity and metabolic impact of the microbiota are low in spontaneously acidified belgian sausages with an added starter culture of staphylococcus carnosus.quality of fermented sausages is affected by acidifying lactic acid bacteria (lab) and colour- and flavour-promoting coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns), whether or not used as starter culture. artisan fermented sausages are often perceived as superior to industrial variants, partially because of the specific microbiota due to spontaneous acidification, which may be considered as an artisan characteristic. therefore, two kinds of spontaneously acidified belgian sausages were prepared (belgian ...201222202870
interplay between the gastric bacterial microbiota and candida albicans during postantibiotic recolonization and gastritis.the indigenous bacterial microbiome of the stomach, including lactobacilli, is vital in promoting colonization resistance against candida albicans. however, there are gaps in our understanding about c. albicans gastric colonization versus disease, especially during the postantibiotic recovery phase. this study compared the gastric responses to c. albicans strains chn1 and sc5314 in microbiome-disturbed and germfree mice to elucidate the contribution of the indigenous microbiota in c. albicans co ...201221986629
Orally administered heat-killed Lactobacillus gasseri TMC0356 can upregulate cell-mediated immunity in senescence-accelerated mice.The present study was conducted to test the ability of probiotic lactobacilli to alter age-related immunosenescence in host animals. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 1 mice were orally fed heat-killed Lactobacillus gasseri TMC0356 (TMC0356) for 4 and 8 weeks at dosages of 10 mg day(-1) after a 16-week period of prefeeding with a standard diet. After 4 and 8 weeks of TMC0356 intervention, splenic activation of natural killer (NK) cells and mRNA expression of cytokines and other immune molecule ...201222092995
Effect of respiration and manganese on oxidative stress resistance of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1.Lactobacillus plantarum is a facultatively anaerobic bacterium that can perform respiration under aerobic conditions in the presence of haem, with vitamin K(2) acting as a source of menaquinone. We investigated growth performance and oxidative stress resistance of Lb. plantarum WCFS1 cultures grown in de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium without and with added manganese under fermentative, aerobic, aerobic with haem, and respiratory conditions. Previous studies showed that Lb. plantarum WCFS1 ...201222016573
evaluation of chitoligosaccharides effect upon probiotic bacteria.the main objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect - through the determination of minimum inhibitory (and lethal) concentrations, as well as the possible prebiotic potential of chitooligosaccharides (cos) - through the determination of growth curves, on bifidobacterium animalis bb12, bifidobacterium animalis bo and lactobacillus acidophilus ki. atomic force microscopy was further used to obtain high resolution images of cos effects upon the cell morphology. our resu ...201222024313
Cloning and expression of a gene with phospholipase B activity from Pseudomonas fluorescens in Escherichia coli.A gene from Pseudomonasfluorescens BIT-18 encoding a protein with phospholipase B activity (Pf-PLB) was cloned in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The open reading frame consists of 1272bp and potentially encodes a protein of 423 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 45.8kDa. The nucleotide sequence of Pf-PLB is 45%, 42%, 41%, 40%, 33%, and 31% identical to that of Bifidobacteriumanimals, Mycobacteriumparascrofulaceum, Acidobacteriumcapsulatum, Lactobacillusjohnsonii, Moraxellabovis, and Mo ...201222078969
Efficient production of d-(-)-lactic acid from broken rice by Lactobacillus delbrueckii using Ca(OH)(2) as a neutralizing agent.Effects of Ca(OH)(2), NH(4)OH, and NaOH as neutralizing agents for efficient recovery of lactic acid was investigated. Lactic acid was produced from broken rice in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process with Lactobacillus delbrueckii. Consumption of glucose (from broken rice) by the cells and the cell growth were the best with Ca(OH)(2) among the three neutralizing agents used. Maximum productivities of lactic acid reached with Ca(OH)(2), NH(4)OH, and NaOH were 3.59gl(-1) ...201222093977
Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens M1 isolated from milk kefir grains ameliorates experimental colitis in vitro and in vivo.Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens M1, isolated from and identified in Taiwanese milk kefir grain, has demonstrated immune-modulating activity. In the present study, we further investigated the effects of Lb. kefiranofaciens M1 on intestinal epithelial cells in vitro and on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in vivo. The possible mechanisms regarding the cytokine products and intestinal epithelial barrier restoration as well as the putative receptor for the protective effects of Lb. kefiran ...201222192184
Immunobiotic Lactobacillus jensenii Elicits Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells by Modulating Negative Regulators of the Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway.The effect of Lactobacillus jensenii TL2937 on the inflammatory immune response triggered by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a porcine intestinal epitheliocyte cell line (PIE cells) was evaluated. Challenges with ETEC or LPS elicited Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammatory responses in cultured PIE cells, indicating that our cell line may be useful for studying inflammation in the guts of weaning piglets. In addition, we demonstrated that L. jens ...201222083706
Intraspecies diversity of Lactobacillus sakei response to oxidative stress and variability of strain performance in mixed strains challenges.Lactobacillus sakei is a meat-borne lactic acid bacterium species exhibiting a wide genomic diversity. We have investigated the diversity of response to various oxidative compounds, between L. sakei strains, among a collection representing the genomic diversity. We observed various responses to the different compounds as well as a diversity of response depending on the aeration conditions used for cell growth. A principal component analysis revealed two main phenotypic groups, partially correlat ...201222202873
molecular detection of in-vivo microbial contamination of metallic orthodontic brackets by checkerboard dna-dna hybridization.knowing the microbiota that colonizes orthodontic appliances is important for planning strategies and implementing specific preventive measures during treatment. the purpose of this clinical trial was to evaluate in vivo the contamination of metallic orthodontic brackets with 40 dna probes for different bacterial species by using the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization (cddh) technique.201222196182
sensory acceptance and survival of probiotic bacteria in ice cream produced with different overrun levels.the effect of different overrun levels on the sensory acceptance and survival of probiotic bacteria in ice cream was investigated. vanilla ice creams supplemented with lactobacillus acidophilus were processed with overruns of 45%, 60%, and 90%. viable probiotic bacterial counts and sensory acceptance were assessed. all the ice creams presented a minimum count of 6 log cfu/g at the end of 60 d of frozen storage. however, higher overrun levels negatively influenced cell viability, being reported a ...201222260128
The Major Autolysin Acm2 from Lactobacillus plantarum Undergoes Cytoplasmic O-Glycosylation.The major autolysin Acm2 from the probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 contains high proportions of alanine, serine, and threonine in its N-terminal so-called AST domain. It has been suggested that this extracellular protein might be glycosylated, but this has not been experimentally verified. We used high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to study the possible occurrence of glycans on peptides generated from lactobacillary surface proteins by proteas ...201222081384
Oral and faecal lactobacilli and their expression of mannose-specific adhesins in individuals with and without IgA deficiency.Lactobacilli are present in the intestine and oral cavity of most adults. Secretory IgA in mucosal secretions may provide carbohydrate receptors for bacterial adhesins. Here, oral and faecal samples from 33 IgA-deficient individuals and 34 controls were cultured for lactobacilli, which were identified using species-specific PCR or partial 16S rDNA sequencing and tested for expression of mannose-specific adhesins. Lactobacilli were found in the oral cavity of 76% of IgA-deficient and 85% of contr ...201222018813
the correlation between composition of the bacterial community and concentration of volatile fatty acids in the rumen during the transition period and ketosis in dairy cows.the transition period is a severe challenge to dairy cows. glucose supply cannot meet demand and body fat is mobilized, potentially leading to negative energy balance (neb), ketosis or fatty liver. propionate produces glucose by gluconeogenesis, which generation depends heavily on the number and species of microbes. in present study we analyzed the rumen microbiome composition of cows in the transition period, cows with ketosis and non-perinatal cows using terminal restriction fragment length po ...201222267666
use of selected autochthonous lactic acid bacteria for spanish-style table olive fermentation.the present work presents a successful attempt to achieve an enhanced and more predictable fermentation process in spanish-style green olive technology by selection and use of autochthonous starter cultures. during the first phase of this work, two spanish-like fermentations of green table olives of cultivar (cv) "nocellara del belice", coming from irrigated and not irrigated fields, were monitored, in order to highlight the best agricultural conditions for drupe production and to isolate lactic ...201222265277
probiotic properties of lactobacillus plantarum cect 7315 and cect 7316 isolated from faeces of healthy children.aims:  not all lactic acid bacteria possess the ability to confer health benefits for the host. thus, it becomes necessary to screen and characterize numerous strains to obtain ideal probiotics. here, two lactobacillus plantarum strains (cect 7315 and cect 7316) were isolated and characterized. methods and results:  in vitro and in vivo tests were carried out for demonstrating the abilities as probiotics of cect 7315/cect 7316 lact. plantarum strains. both strains showed high ability to survive ...201222242971
a case study on stress preconditioning of a lactobacillus strain prior to freeze-drying.freeze-drying of bacterial cells with retained viability and activity after storage requires appropriate formulation, i.e. mixing of physiologically adapted cell populations with suitable protective agents, and control of the freeze-drying process. product manufacturing may alter the clinical effects of probiotics and it is essential to identify and understand possible factor co-dependencies during manufacturing. the physical solid-state behavior of the formulation and the freeze-drying paramete ...201222266474
lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and bifidobacterium animalis mb5 induce intestinal but not systemic antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness in ovalbumin-immunized rats.probiotics may modulate the host immune response by mechanisms not yet fully understood. we evaluated the modulation of intestinal and systemic antigen-specific immune response by lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) or bifidobacterium animalis mb5 in tolerized and immunized rats. three groups of rats received orally lgg, b. animalis, or pbs (control) for 28 d. each group was divided into two subgroups of tolerized or immunized rats receiving orally ovalbumin (ova; 7 mg) or pbs on d 7, 9, and 11. al ...201222223570
biodiversity in traditional polish cheese oscypek determined by culture-dependent and -independent approaches.oscypek is a traditional polish, scalded-smoked cheese, with a protected designation of origin (pdo) status manufactured from raw sheep's milk without starter cultures in the tatra mountains region of poland. this study was undertaken in order to get some insight on the microbiota which develops and evolves during the manufacture and ripening stages of oscypek. to this end, we made use of both culturing and the culture-independent methods of pcr-dgge and pyrosequencing of 16s rrna gene amplicons ...201222247135
expression of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) vp2-vp3 fusion protein in lactobacillus casei and immunogenicity in rainbow trouts.infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) infects wild and cultured salmonids, causing high mortality in juvenile trouts and salmons. ipnv vp2-vp3 fusion gene was constructed by splicing overlap extension (soe) pcr and inserted into lactobacillus/escherichia coli shuttle vectors (ppg1and ppg2) followed by transformation of lactobacillus casei competent cell to yield two recombinant strains: lc:pg1-vp2-vp3 (surface-displayed) and lc:pg2-vp2-vp3 (secretory). subsequently, juvenile rainbow trouts ...201222234263
supplementation with probiotics modifies gut flora and attenuates liver fat accumulation in rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model.this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between gut probiotic flora and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a diet-induced rat model, and to compare the effects of two different probiotic strains on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. forty male sprague-dawley rats were randomized into 4 groups for 12 weeks: control (standard rat chow), model (fat-rich diet), lactobacillus (fat-rich diet plus lactobacillus acidophilus), and bifidobacterium (fat-rich diet plus bifidobacterium longum) groups. ...201222247604
probiotics stimulate enterocyte migration and microbial diversity in the neonatal mouse intestine.beneficial microbes and probiotics show promise for the treatment of pediatric gastrointestinal diseases. however, basic mechanisms of probiosis are not well understood, and most investigations have been performed in germ-free or microbiome-depleted animals. we sought to functionally characterize probiotic-host interactions in the context of normal early development. outbred cd1 neonatal mice were orally gavaged with one of two strains of human-derived lactobacillus reuteri or an equal volume of ...201222267340
production of two bacteriocins in various growth conditions produced by gram-positive bacteria isolated from chicken cecum.lactobacillus plantarum clp29 and enterococcus faecium cle34 isolated from the cecal contents of young broiler chicks were identified based on physiological and biochemical characteristics, and identification was confirmed by 16s rrna sequencing. both bacteria showed a broad range of inhibitory action against bacteria such as salmonella and escherichia coli and produced two peptides, plantaricin clp29 and enterocin cle34. treatment with proteinase k, trypase, or benase resulted in the los ...201222220499
study of the synergistic effects of salinity, ph and temperature on the surface active properties of biosurfactants produced by lactobacillus pentosus.many studies have investigated the effects of ph, temperature and salinity on the surface-active properties of various surfactants, although in most cases the variables have been studied separately, without considering the effects of any interactions between them. in the present study, a box-behnken factorial design was applied in order to study the effects of ph, temperature and salinity on the surface active properties of a biosurfactant produced by lactobacillus pentosus. the data obtained en ...201222239611
survival of freeze-dried microcapsules of α-galactosidase producing probiotics in a soy bar matrix.soy oligosaccharides, mainly α-galactosides, are prevalently present in soy protein products, and can result in unfavorable digestive effects when consumed. the aim of this research was to investigate the efficiency of α-galactoside reduction by probiotic bacterial hydrolysis and if such bacteria could be maintained in a high number in a soy protein product in a microencapsulated and freeze-dried form. the probiotic bacterium, lactobacillus acidophilus la-2, when induced by raffinose, exhibited ...201222265285
a novel lactobacillus pentosus-paired starter culture for spanish-style green olive fermentation.a new starter culture consisting of two lactobacillus pentosus strains was developed and successfully used for spanish-style green olive fermentations in an industrial study. the inoculum, consisting of l. pentosus lp rjl2 and lp rjl3 strains, was inoculated in 10,000 kg glass fiber containers at 10(6) cfu/ml and 10(5) cfu/ml, final concentration respectively, in five different olive processing plants in the south of spain. as a control, uninoculated fermentors were also used. in all inoculated ...201222265309
effect of milk protein glycation and gastrointestinal digestion on the growth of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria.in this paper, β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) and sodium caseinate (sc) have been glycated via maillard reaction with galactose and lactose and, subsequently, the effect of glycoconjugates hydrolyzed under simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the growth of pure culture of lactobacillus, streptococcus and bifidobacterium has been investigated. glycopeptides were added to the growth media as the sole carbon source. none of the bacterial strains was able to grow in hydrolysates of native and control hea ...201222225833
functions of effective microorganisms in bioremediation of the contaminated harbor sediments.the aim of this study was to apply loess balls containing effective microorganisms (em) to the remediation of contaminated harbor sediments, and to thereby elucidate the functions of em in remediation. changes in physicochemical, biochemical, and microbiological parameters were measured to monitor the remediation process at a laboratory scale. treatment with high concentrations of em stock culture and em loess balls (4%), and a low concentration of em loess balls (0.1%) that contained molasses ( ...201222217081
evaluation of lactic acid bacterium from chilli waste as a potential antifungal agent for wood products.aims:  the aim of this study was to isolate lactic acid bacteria from chilli waste and evaluate metabolites produced for the ability to arrest wood decay. methods and results:  using an optical density screening method, one bacterium (isolate c11) was identified as having pronounced antifungal properties against oligoporus placenta. this isolate was identified as lactobacillus brevis by 16s rrna gene sequencing. to determine antifungal activity in wood, pinus radiata blocks were impregnated with ...201222236054
strain-specific colitis susceptibility in il10-deficient mice depends on complex gut microbiota-host interactions.background: colitis susceptibility in il10(-/-) mice depends on genetic background and microbiota composition. a major genetic locus mediating colitis susceptibility, cdcs1, was transferred from susceptible c3bir-il10(-/-) to resistant b6-il10(-/-) mice, resulting in susceptible congenic bc-r3-il10(-/-) mice. the aim of this study was to determine the impact of microbiota on this differential colitis susceptibility using a helicobacter hepaticus infection model. methods: parental c3bir-il10( ...201222238116
sharing of bacterial strains between breast milk and infant feces.in previous years, it has been shown that human milk is a potential source of bacteria for the infant gut. the results of this work confirm the presence of the same specific bacterial strains of bifidobacterium, lactobacillus, and staphylococcus in breast milk and infant fecal samples. the identity of bacteria isolated from breast milk and infant feces from 20 mother-infant pairs was investigated at the strain level. dna from staphylococcus, lactobacillus, and bifidobacterium was detected by qrt ...201222267318
iron availability increases the pathogenic potential of salmonella typhimurium and other enteric pathogens at the intestinal epithelial interface.recent trials have questioned the safety of untargeted oral iron supplementation in developing regions. excess of luminal iron could select for enteric pathogens at the expense of beneficial commensals in the human gut microflora, thereby increasing the incidence of infectious diseases. the objective of the current study was to determine the effect of high iron availability on virulence traits of prevalent enteric pathogens at the host-microbe interface. a panel of enteric bacteria was cultured ...201222272265
grape antioxidant dietary fiber stimulates lactobacillus growth in rat cecum.practical application:  grape antioxidant fiber combines nutritional and physiological properties of dietary fiber and natural antioxidants from grapes. grape antioxidant fiber could be used as an ingredient for functional foods and as a dietary supplement to increase the intake of dietary fiber and bioactive compounds.201222224928
genome sequence of lactobacillus rhamnosus atcc 8530.lactobacillus rhamnosus is found in the human gastrointestinal tract and is important for probiotics. we became interested in l. rhamnosus isolate atcc 8530 in relation to beer spoilage and hops resistance. we report here the genome sequence of this isolate, along with a brief comparison to other available l. rhamnosus genome sequences.201222247527
longitudinal assessment of pigtailed macaque lower genital tract microbiota by pyrosequencing reveals dissimilarity to the genital microbiota of healthy humans.vaginal bacterial communities play an important role in human health and have been shown to influence hiv infection. pigtailed macaques (macaca nemestrina) are used as an animal model of hiv vaginal infection of women. since the bacterial microbiota could influence retrovirus infection of pigtailed macaques, the genital microbiota in 10 cycling macaques was determined by pyrosequencing. the microbiota of all macaques was poly-microbial with a median of 13 distinct genera. strikingly, the gen ...201222264029
recombinant probiotic expressing listeria adhesion protein attenuates listeria monocytogenes virulence in vitro.listeria monocytogenes, an intracellular foodborne pathogen, infects immunocompromised hosts. the primary route of transmission is through contaminated food. in the gastrointestinal tract, it traverses the epithelial barrier through intracellular or paracellular routes. strategies to prevent l. monocytogenes entry can potentially minimize infection in high-risk populations. listeria adhesion protein (lap) aids l. monocytogenes in crossing epithelial barriers via the paracellular route. the use o ...201222235279
the antimicrobial properties of the lowbush blueberry (vaccinium angustifolium) fractional components against foodborne pathogens and the conservation of probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus.the antimicrobial properties of lowbush blueberry (vaccinium angustifolium) were studied against escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, and lactobacillus rhamnosus to determine which fractional components have antimicrobial effects and which microorganisms are most susceptible to these antimicrobial properties. lowbush blueberry extract (f1) was separated using a c-18 sep-pak cartridge into monomeric phenolics (f2) and anthocyanins plus proanthocyanidins (f3). ...201222265292
the effect of microbial-nutrient interaction on the immune system of young chicks following early probiotic and organic acid administration.the combined effects of probiotics (lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus casei, streptococcus faecium, and saccharomyces cerevisae) and organic acids (sorbic and citric acid) on intestinal morphology and expression of immune-related genes were investigated. day-old chicks were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: birds not receiving probiotic or organic acids (control; t1), birds receiving an oral combination (1 g/l in water) of 10(8) cfu/g of each of the aforementioned probiotics and organic ...201222247115
production of potentially probiotic beverages using single and mixed cereal substrates fermented with lactic acid bacteria cultures.in the present work, single and mixed cereal substrates were fermented with lactic acid bacteria to study and compare the effect of the media formulation on fermentation parameters. three cereal flours namely malt, barley and barley mixed with malt (barley-malt) were selected and fermented with two probiotic strains: lactobacillus plantarum (ncimb 8826) and lactobacillus acidophilus (ncimb 8821). the effect of the single and mixed cereal flour suspensions on the fermentation of these two strains ...201222265307
review: efficiency of physical and chemical treatments on the inactivation of dairy bacteriophages.bacteriophages can cause great economic losses due to fermentation failure in dairy plants. hence, physical and chemical treatments of raw material and/or equipment are mandatory to maintain phage levels as low as possible. regarding thermal treatments used to kill pathogenic bacteria or achieve longer shelf-life of dairy products, neither low temperature long time nor high temperature short time pasteurization were able to inactivate most lactic acid bacteria (lab) phages. even though most phag ...201222275912
biodiversity of yeasts, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria in the fermentation of "shanxi aged vinegar", a traditional chinese vinegar.shanxi aged vinegar is a famous traditional chinese vinegar made from several kinds of cereal by spontaneous solid-state fermentation techniques. in order to get a comprehensive understanding of culturable microorganism's diversity present in its fermentation, the indigenous microorganisms including 47 yeast isolates, 28 lactic acid bacteria isolates and 58 acetic acid bacteria isolates were recovered in different fermenting time and characterized based on a combination of phenotypic and genotyp ...201222265314
comparison and evaluation of molecular methods used for identification and discrimination of lactic acid bacteria.background: lactobacillus and bifidobacterium strains are present in a great variety of habitats, including fermented products, probiotic concoctions and the human colon. some species are so closely related that it is difficult to distinguish them by microbiological techniques. nevertheless, discrimination of isolates is an important issue in respect of application, and molecular methods such as restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp), random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) or sp ...201222246719
lactobacillus rhamnosus gr-1 enhances nf-kappab activation in escherichia coli-stimulated urinary bladder cells through tlr4.abstract: background: epithelial cells of the urinary tract recognize pathogenic bacteria through pattern recognition receptors on their surface, such as toll-like receptors (tlrs), and mount an immune response through the activation of the nf-kappab pathway. some uropathogenic bacteria can subvert these cellular responses, creating problems with how the host eliminates pathogens. lactobacillus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria that are part of the microbiota and consist of many probiotic stra ...201222264349
establishment of tolerance to commensal bacteria requires a complex microbiota and is accompanied by decreased intestinal chemokine expression.intricate regulation of tolerance to the intestinal commensal microbiota acquired at birth is critical. we hypothesized that epithelial cell tolerance toward early gram-positive and gram-negative colonizing bacteria is established immediately after birth, as has previously been shown for endotoxin. gene expression in the intestine of mouse pups born to dams that were either colonized with a conventional microbiota or monocolonized (lactobacillus acidophilus or eschericia coli) or germ free was e ...201221960522
Biodiversity and growth dynamics of lactic acid bacteria in artisanal PDO Ossau-Iraty cheeses made from raw ewe's milk with different starters.The biodiversity and growth dynamics of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in farm-house Ossau-Iraty cheeses were investigated from vat milk to 180 days of ripening in six independent batches made from six raw ewe's milks using five typical cheese-making methods. Commercial starter S1 was used for three batches, starter S1 combined with S2 for one batch and no starter for two batches. Up to ten LAB species from five genera and up to two strains per species were identified per milk; up to eleven species ...201222029916
Dietary Supplementation with the Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum I5007 and the Antibiotic Aureomycin Differentially Affects the Small Intestinal Proteomes of Weanling Piglets.Antibiotics have long been used in animal production and medication to alleviate weaning stress. However, due to the concerns over food safety and human health, its use in animal production has been prohibited in many countries. Therefore, there is growing interest in developing alternative additives, such as a probiotic Lactobacillus. In this study, a proteomic approach coupled with biochemical analysis was applied to investigate alterations of proteomes in the small intestinal mucosa of weanli ...201222113866
effect of lactobacillus plantarum isolated from digestive tract of wild shrimp on growth and survival of white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) challenged with vibrio harveyi.two hundred and two strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from digestive tracts of cultivated and wild adult shrimp, including litopenaeus vannamei, metapenaeus brevicornis and penaeus merguiensis were selected based on their antibacterial activity against vibrio harveyi. lab strain of mro3.12 exhibiting highest reduction of v. harveyi was identified as lactobacillus plantarum mro3.12 based on the nucleotide sequence of its 16s rdna, which showed 99% (780/786 bp) homology to l. plantaru ...201222126856
Incorporating a mucosal environment in a dynamic gut model results in a more representative colonization by lactobacilli.To avoid detrimental interactions with intestinal microbes, the human epithelium is covered with a protective mucus layer that traps host defence molecules. Microbial properties such as adhesion to mucus further result in a unique mucosal microbiota with a great potential to interact with the host. As mucosal microbes are difficult to study in vivo, we incorporated mucin-covered microcosms in a dynamic in vitro gut model, the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME). We asse ...201221989255
intranasal administration of live lactobacillus species facilitates protection against influenza virus infection in mice.influenza virus infections continue to be a significant public health problem. for improved therapies and preventive measures against influenza, there has been an increased tendency in modern medicine involving the use of probiotics. in this study, we compared the protective efficacy of various live and dead lactobacillus species against challenge with influenza virus in mice according to the administration route and dose. in addition, to understand the underlying mechanism behind this clinical ...201222120759
antiasthmatic effects of herbal complex ma and its fermented product ma128.this study was conducted to determine if oral administration of the novel herbal medicine, ma, and its lactobacillus acidophilus fermented product, ma128, have therapeutic properties for the treatment of asthma. asthma was induced in balb/c mice by systemic sensitization to ovalbumin (ova) followed by intratracheal, intraperitoneal, and aerosol allergen challenges. ma and ma128 were orally administered 6 times a week for 4 weeks. at 1 day after the last ovalbumin exposure, airway hyperresponsive ...201222203879
Human Milk Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 Reduces the Incidence of Gastrointestinal and Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Infants.: The aim of the study was to examine the effects of a follow-on formula containing Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 (L fermentum) on the incidence of infections in infants between the ages of 6 and 12 months.201221873895
Comparison of different IlvE aminotransferases in Lactobacillus sakei and investigation of their contribution to aroma formation from branched chain amino acids.Branched chain aminotransferases (IlvE/BcaT), specific for leucine, isoleucine, and valine initialize the formation of methyl-branched volatiles, which are strongly linked to the typical aroma of cured meat products. Lactobacillus sakei, one of the dominating lactic acid bacteria species for meat fermentations and commonly used as starter lacks this enzyme, whereas the presence of IlvE has been reported for Lactobacillus paracasei, a non-starter lactic acid bacterium occurring in meat products a ...201222202874
Chitinase from Bacillus licheniformis DSM13: Expression in Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 and biochemical characterisation.The gene chi, coding for a GH18 chitinase from the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus licheniformis DSM13 (ATCC 14580), was cloned into the inducible lactobacillal expression vectors pSIP403 and pSIP409, derived from the sakacin-P operon of Lactobacillus sakei, and expressed in the host strain Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. Both the complete chi gene including the original bacillal signal sequence as well as the mature chi gene were compared, however, no extracellular chitinase activity was detect ...201222037312
reverse transcription quantitative pcr revealed persistency of thermophilic lactic acid bacteria metabolic activity until the end of the ripening of emmental cheese.for emmental manufacture two kinds of adjunct culture are added: (i) thermophilic lactic acid bacteria (starters) such as lactobacillus helveticus (lh), and streptococcus thermophilus (st) growing the first day of the manufacture and (ii) ripening culture. st and lh have a key role in curd acidification and proteolysis at the beginning of the manufacture but are considered to be lyzed for a great part of them at the ripening step. the aim of this work was to assess the metabolic activity of thes ...201222029927
Functional Analysis of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Pili in Relation to Adhesion and Immunomodulatory Interactions with Intestinal Epithelial Cells.Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, a probiotic with good survival capacity in the human gut, has well-documented adhesion properties and health effects. Recently, spaCBA-encoded pili that bind to human intestinal mucus were identified on its cell surface. Here, we report on the phenotypic analysis of a spaCBA pilus knockout mutant in comparison with the wild type and other adhesin mutants. The SpaCBA pilus of L. rhamnosus GG showed to be key for efficient adherence to the Caco-2 intestinal epithelial c ...201222020518
Enhanced extraction of heavy metals in the two-step process with the mixed culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus.For biological extraction of heavy metals from chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood, different bacteria were investigated. The extraction rates of heavy metals using Lactobacillusbulgaricus and Streptococcusthermophilus were highest. The chemical extraction rates were depended on the amounts of pyruvic acid and lactic acid. Especially, the extraction rates using mixed pyruvic acid and lactic acid were increased compared to those of sole one. They were also enhanced in the mixed culture o ...201222019399
Spontaneous bacteriocin resistance in Listeria monocytogenes as a susceptibility screen for identifying different mechanisms of resistance and modes of action by bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria.A practical system was devised for grouping bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) based on mode of action as determined by changes in inhibitory activity to spontaneously-acquired bacteriocin resistance (Bac(R)). Wild type Listeria monocytogenes 39-2 was sensitive to five bacteriocins produced by 3 genera of LAB: pediocin PA-1 and pediocin Bac3 (Pediococcus), lacticin FS97 and lacticin FS56 (Lactococcus), and curvaticin FS47 (Lactobacillus). A spontaneous Bac(R) derivative of L. monocytogen ...201222001443
antibiotic effects on bacterial profile in osteonecrosis of the jaw.oral diseases (2011) 18, 85-95 objective:  oral infection is considered to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (bronj), and antibiotic therapy has become a mainstay of bronj therapy. this study was aimed to investigate the effect of antibiotics on bacterial diversity in bronj tissues. materials and methods:  the bacterial profile from soft tissues associated with the bronj lesion was determined using 16s rrna-based denaturing gradient gel e ...201221883710
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