| modelling pathogen log10 reduction values achieved by activated sludge treatment using naïve and semi naïve bayes network models. | risk management for wastewater treatment and reuse have led to growing interest in understanding and optimising pathogen reduction during biological treatment processes. however, modelling pathogen reduction is often limited by poor characterization of the relationships between variables and incomplete knowledge of removal mechanisms. the aim of this paper was to assess the applicability of bayesian belief network models to represent associations between pathogen reduction, and operating conditi ... | 2015 | 26342914 |
| rna-seq profiles of immune related genes in the spleen of necrotic enteritis-afflicted chicken lines. | the study aimed to compare the necrotic enteritis (ne)-induced transcriptome differences between the spleens of marek's disease resistant chicken line 6.3 and susceptible line 7.2 co-infected with eimeria maxima/clostridium perfringens using rna-seq. total rna from the spleens of two chicken lines were used to make libraries, generating 42,736,296 and 42,617,720 usable reads, which were assembled into groups of 29,897 and 29,833 mrna genes, respectively. the transcriptome changes were investigat ... | 2015 | 26323406 |
| pathogens and pharmaceuticals in source-separated urine in ethekwini, south africa. | in ethekwini, south africa, the production of agricultural fertilizers from human urine collected from urine-diverting dry toilets is being evaluated at a municipality scale as a way to help finance a decentralized, dry sanitation system. the present study aimed to assess a range of human and environmental health hazards in source-separated urine, which was presumed to be contaminated with feces, by evaluating the presence of human pathogens, pharmaceuticals, and an antibiotic resistance gene. c ... | 2015 | 26302215 |
| role of p2x7 receptor in clostridium perfringens beta-toxin-mediated cellular injury. | clostridium perfringens beta-toxin is a pore-forming toxin (pft) and an important agent of necrotic enteritis and enterotoxemia. we recently reported that beta-toxin strongly induced cell death in thp-1 cells via the formation of oligomers. we here describe that the p2x(7) receptor, which is an atp receptor, interacts with beta-toxin. | 2015 | 26299247 |
| analysis of the intestinal microbial community structure of healthy and long-living elderly residents in gaotian village of liuyang city. | gaotian, one typical conservative village in rural area of south china, is differentiated from other adjacent village for its longevity and health situation of residents. to ascertain the difference of intestinal microbial community between gaotian and other region, high-throughput sequencing and systematical bioinformation analyses was adopted to compare 21 samples in long life group with 28 in control group. the α diversity showed that the diversity of species of intestinal flora of gaotian vi ... | 2015 | 26298698 |
| low prevalence of netb and tpel in historical clostridium perfringens isolates from broiler farms in alabama. | the discovery of novel clostridium perfringens toxins netb and tpel has initiated questions regarding their role in the pathogenesis of disease. however, data showing the prevalence of these genes in c. perfringens populations are limited to certain geographical areas. if netb and tpel are important virulence factors for disease worldwide, one would expect to find these genes in isolates from other regions as well. to address this hypothesis, c. perfringens isolates collected from alabama broile ... | 2015 | 26292533 |
| a multifactorial analysis of the extent to which eimeria and fishmeal predispose broiler chickens to necrotic enteritis. | necrotic enteritis (ne) is an important infectious disease in chickens. predisposing factors play critical roles both in disease outbreaks in the field and in models for experimental induction of disease. systematic manipulation and study of predisposing factors help to optimize methods for the experimental reproduction of disease. the nature of such factors may play a confounding role in challenge models and, therefore, warrant investigation to determine their importance in industry-relevant ne ... | 2015 | 26292532 |
| increase of clostridium perfringens in association with eimeria in haemorrhagic enteritis in japanese beef cattle. | a coprological survey with detailed clinical observation of naturally occurring haemorrhagic enteritis (he) cases was conducted to understand the pathophysiology of he by clarifying the infection status of eimeria and enteropathogenic bacteria in cattle. faecal samples from 55 cases of he and 26 clinically normal animals were collected, and a quantitative examination of eimeria and potential enteropathogenic bacteria was performed. the number of eimeria species oocysts per gram of faeces (opg) e ... | 2015 | 26286947 |
| wastewater treatment by a modular, domestic-scale reedbed system for safe horticultural irrigation. | the aim of the study was to assess the sequential treatment performance of a commercial, domestic-scale modular reedbed system intended to provide safe horticultural irrigation water. previously only mechanical treatment systems involving forced aeration with subsequent disinfection, usually by tablet-chlorination, had been accredited in australia. the modular design of the hybrid, subsurface-flow reedbed system offered 5 control points where monitoring and management of the treatment train coul ... | 2015 | 26282758 |
| necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs is associated with increased density of intestinal mucosa-associated bacteria including clostridium perfringens. | necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is associated with changes in the luminal gut microbiota. it is not known whether the mucosa-associated microbiota is affected by nec and stimulates inflammatory lesions. | 2015 | 26278554 |
| hydrogen production at high faradaic efficiency by a bio-electrode based on tio2 adsorption of a new [fefe]-hydrogenase from clostridium perfringens. | the [fefe]-hydrogenase cphyda from clostridium perfringens was immobilized by adsorption on anatase tio2 electrodes for clean hydrogen production. the immobilized enzyme proved to perform direct electron transfer to and from the electrode surface and catalyses both h2 oxidation (h2 uptake) and h2 production (h2 evolution) with a current density for h2 evolution of about 2 ma cm(-1). the tio2/cphyda bioelectrode remained active for several days upon storage and when a reducing potential was set, ... | 2015 | 26278509 |
| nani sialidase, ccpa, and cody work together to regulate epsilon toxin production by clostridium perfringens type d strain cn3718. | clostridium perfringens type d strains are usually associated with diseases of livestock, and their virulence requires the production of epsilon toxin (etx). we previously showed (j. li, s. sayeed, s. robertson, j. chen, and b. a. mcclane, plos pathog 7:e1002429, 2011, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002429) that bmc202, a nani null mutant of type d strain cn3718, produces less etx than wild-type cn3718 does. the current study proved that the lower etx production by strain bmc202 is due ... | 2015 | 26260460 |
| toxinotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens isolates from mutton, beef and chicken meat. | a total of 300 meat samples comprising mutton, beef, and chicken meat (n = 100) collected from either local butcher shops or large meat outlets situated at various areas of lahore city located in punjab province of pakistan were tested for the isolation of clostridium perfringens. prevalence of the organism was highest in the chicken (6 %) followed by mutton (5 %) and beef (1 %). contamination level was high (10/150) in the samples collected from local butcher shops in comparison to the samples ... | 2015 | 26243960 |
| comparative analysis of extractable proteins from clostridium perfringens type a and type c strains showing varying degree of virulence. | the prevailing scenario of bioterrorism warrants development of medical countermeasures with expanded coverage of select agents. clostridium perfringens is a pathogen of medical, veterinary and military importance, and has been listed as validated biological agent. we employed 2de-ms approach to identify a total of 134 unique proteins (529 protein spot features) from the extractable proteome of four type a and type c strains. proteins showing altered expression under host-simulated conditions fr ... | 2015 | 26238688 |
| evaluation of antileishmanial, antibacterial and brine shrimp cytotoxic potential of crude methanolic extract of herb ocimum basilicum (lamiacea). | to collect and screen for ethnopharmacological properties (antileishmanial, antibacterial and brine lethality assays) of medicinal plan ocimum basilicum from peshawar region (34.008 latitude and 71.57 altitudes). | 2015 | 26237837 |
| intravascular hemolysis and septicemia due to clostridium perfringens emphysematous cholecystitis and hepatic abscesses. | context. clostridium perfringens septicemia is often associated with translocation from the gastrointestinal or gastrourinary tract and occurs in patients who have malignancy or are immunocompromised. clostridium perfringens septicemia is usually fatal without early identification, source control, and antibiotics. case. we present a case of a 65-year-old female with clostridium perfringens septicemia secondary to emphysematous cholecystitis, with progression to hepatic abscesses. conclusion. sep ... | 2015 | 26229537 |
| novel application of vacuum sealing drainage with continuous irrigation of potassium permanganate for managing infective wounds of gas gangrene. | traumatic gas gangrene is a fatal infection mainly caused by clostridium perfringens. it is a challenge to manage gas gangrene in open wounds and control infection after debridement or amputation. the aim of the present study was to use vacuum sealing drainage (vsd) with continuous irrigation of potassium permanganate to manage infective wounds of gas gangrene and observe its clinical efficacy. a total of 48 patients with open traumatic gas gangrene infection were included in this study. amputat ... | 2015 | 26223928 |
| safety, beneficial and technological properties of enterococcus faecium isolated from brazilian cheeses. | this study aimed to characterize the safety and technological properties of enterococcus faecium strains isolated from brazilian coalho cheeses. high levels of co-aggregation were observed between enterococcus faecium strains em485 and em925 and both escherichia coli and clostridium perfringens . both strains presented low levels of hydrophobicity. e. faecium em485 and em925 were both able to grow in the presence of 0.5% of the sodium salts of taurocholic acid (tc), taurodeoxycholic acid (tdc), ... | 2015 | 26221113 |
| comparison of the effect of curing ingredients derived from purified and natural sources on inhibition of clostridium perfringens outgrowth during cooling of deli-style turkey breast. | the antimicrobial impact of purified and natural sources of both nitrite and ascorbate were evaluated against clostridium perfringens during the postthermal processing cooling period of deli-style turkey breast. the objective of phase i was to assess comparable concentrations of nitrite (0 or 100 ppm) and ascorbate (0 or 547 ppm) from both purified and natural sources. phase ii was conducted to investigate concentrations of nitrite (50, 75, or 100 ppm) from cultured celery juice powder and ascor ... | 2015 | 26219366 |
| assessing the performance of clostridium perfringens cooling models for cooked, uncured meat and poultry products. | heat-resistant spores of clostridium perfringens may germinate and multiply in cooked meat and poultry products when the rate and extent of cooling does not occur in a timely manner. therefore, six cooling models (pmp 7.0 broth model; pmip uncured beef, chicken, and pork models; smith-schaffner version 3; and uk ifr combase perfringens predictor) were evaluated for relative performance in predicting growth of c. perfringens under dynamic temperature conditions encountered during cooling of cooke ... | 2015 | 26219365 |
| clostridium sacroiliitis (gas gangrene) following sacroiliac joint injection--case report and review of the literature. | an 80-year-old woman presented with chronic lumbosacral pain since her laminectomy and instrumentation 10 years ago. examination was consistent with left sacroiliitis, and the patient underwent an elective left sacroiliac joint injection. two days following her procedure she fell and landed on her left hip and on the next day, she presented to the emergency room with acutely worsening left gluteal pain. on evaluation in the emergency department, she was found to be suffering from a fever, headac ... | 2015 | 26218953 |
| nanr, a transcriptional regulator that binds to the promoters of genes involved in sialic acid metabolism in the anaerobic pathogen clostridium perfringens. | among many other virulence factors, clostridium perfringens produces three sialidases nanh, nani and nanj. nanh lacks a secretion signal peptide and is predicted to be an intracellular enzyme, while nani and nanj are secreted. previously, we had identified part of an operon encoding nane (epimerase) and nana (sialic acid lyase) enzymes. further analysis of the entire operon suggests that it encodes a complete pathway for the transport and metabolism of sialic acid along with a putative transcrip ... | 2015 | 26197388 |
| evaluation of ice slurries as a control for postharvest growth of vibrio spp. in oysters and potential for filth contamination. | raw oyster consumption is the most common route of exposure for vibrio spp. infections in humans. vibriosis has been increasing steadily in the united states despite efforts to reduce the incidence of the disease. research has demonstrated that ice is effective in reducing postharvest vibrio spp. growth in oysters but has raised concerns of possible contamination of oyster meat by filth (as indicated by the presence of fecal coliform bacteria or clostridium perfringens). this study examined the ... | 2015 | 26197291 |
| chlorinated water modulates the development of colorectal tumors with chromosomal instability and gut microbiota in apc-deficient mice. | the gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed to a variety of chemicals and commensal bacteria. recent studies have shown that changes in gut microbial populations caused by chlorine or other chemicals in the drinking water influence the development of human colorectal cancer, although the mechanism of tumorigenesis in the gut epithelium is obfuscated by the diversity of microflora and complexity of the tumor microenvironment. in this regard, mouse models that recapitulate human colorectal ... | 2015 | 26186212 |
| veal calves produce less antibodies against c. perfringens alpha toxin compared to beef calves. | enterotoxaemia is a disease with a high associated mortality rate, affecting beef and veal calves worldwide, caused by c. perfringens alpha toxin and perfringolysin. a longitudinal study was conducted to determine the dynamics of antibodies against these toxins in 528 calves on 4 beef and 15 veal farms. the second study aimed to determine the effect of solid feed intake on the production of antibodies against alpha toxin and perfringolysin. the control group only received milk replacer, whereas ... | 2015 | 26184311 |
| high-throughput sequencing reveals differing immune responses in the intestinal mucosa of two inbred lines afflicted with necrotic enteritis. | we investigated the necrotic enteritis (ne)-induced transcripts of immune-related genes in the intestinal mucosa of two highly inbred white leghorn chicken lines, line 6.3 and line 7.2, which share the same mhc haplotype and show different levels of ne susceptibility using high-throughput rna sequencing (rna-seq) technology. ne was induced by the previously described co-infection model using eimeria maxima and clostridium perfringens. the rna-seq generated over 38 million sequence reads for mare ... | 2015 | 26182861 |
| a case of nontraumatic gas gangrene in a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the common marmoset is widely used in neuroscience and regenerative medicine research. however, information concerning common marmoset disorders, particularly infectious diseases, is scarce. here, we report a case of a female common marmoset that died suddenly due to gas gangrene. the animal presented with gaseous abdominal distention at postmortem, and clostridium perfringens type a was isolated from several tissues. vacuoles, a gram-positive bacteremia and intravascular hemolysis were observed ... | 2016 | 26156080 |
| cyclodepsipeptides produced by actinomycetes inhibit cyclic-peptide-mediated quorum sensing in gram-positive bacteria. | cyclic peptides are commonly used as quorum-sensing autoinducers in gram-positive firmicutes bacteria. well-studied examples of such molecules are thiolactone and lactone, used to regulate the expression of a series of virulence genes in the agr system of staphylococcus aureus and the fsr system of enterococcus faecalis, respectively. three cyclodepsipeptides ws9326a, ws9326b and cochinmicin ii/iii were identified as a result of screening actinomycetes culture extracts for activity against the a ... | 2015 | 26149266 |
| structural and biochemical analyses of a clostridium perfringens sortase d transpeptidase. | the assembly and anchorage of various pathogenic proteins on the surface of gram-positive bacteria is mediated by the sortase family of enzymes. these cysteine transpeptidases catalyze a unique sorting signal motif located at the c-terminus of their target substrate and promote the covalent attachment of these proteins onto an amino nucleophile located on another protein or on the bacterial cell wall. each of the six distinct classes of sortases displays a unique biological role, with sequential ... | 2015 | 26143922 |
| in vitro probiotic characteristics of lactobacillus plantarum zdy 2013 and its modulatory effect on gut microbiota of mice. | lactobacillus plantarum zdy 2013, a novel strain isolated from chinese traditional fermented acid beans, was systematically evaluated for its survival capacity under stress conditions (ph, bile salt, simulated gastrointestinal tract, and antibiotics), production of exopolysaccharide and antagonism against 8 pathogens. its effect on mice gut microbiota was also investigated by quantitative pcr and pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. the results showed that zdy 2013 can grow at ph 3.5 and ... | 2015 | 26142853 |
| carriage of clostridium perfringens by benthic crabs in a sewage-polluted estuary. | the estuary of bahía blanca (ebb), argentina, is an important wetland under intense sewage pollution. we investigated the occurrence of clostridium perfringens (cp) in populations of two benthic crabs (neohelice granulata and cyrtograpsus angulatus) and in sediment from the ebb. cp was found in 49.1% of the crabs and all of the isolates were identified as type a. the alpha (cpa) and enterotoxin (cpe) encoding genes were identified. genetic analyses identified 13 novel sequence types, and found n ... | 2015 | 26130524 |
| differential decay of wastewater bacteria and change of microbial communities in beach sand and seawater microcosms. | laboratory microcosm experiments were conducted to determine the decay kinetics of wastewater bacteria and the change of microbial communities in beach sand and seawater. cultivation-based methods showed that common fecal indicator bacteria (fibs; escherichia coli, enterococci, and clostridium perfringens) exhibited biphasic decay patterns in all microcosms. enterococci and c. perfringens, but not e. coli, showed significantly smaller decay rates in beach sand than in seawater. cultivation-indep ... | 2015 | 26125493 |
| genome wide transcriptomic analysis identifies pathways affected by the infusion of clostridium perfringens culture supernatant in the duodenum of broilers in situ. | clostridium perfringens type a is the main etiological factor for necrotic enteritis, a multifactorial enteric disease that penalizes performance, health, and welfare of poultry. lack of knowledge of host responses and disease pathogenesis is slowing down progress on developing therapies for disease control. a combined genomewide and targeted gene approach was used to investigate pathways and biological functions affected by the infusion of c. perfringens culture supernatant in the duodenum of b ... | 2015 | 26115301 |
| gas-forming pyogenic liver abscess with septic shock. | the pyogenic liver abscess caused by clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) is a rare but rapidly fatal infection. the main virulence factor of this pathogen is its α-toxin (lecithinase), which decomposes the phospholipid in cell membranes leading to cell lysis. once the bacteria are in blood stream, massive intravascular hemolysis occurs. this can present as anemia on admission with evidence of hemolysis as indicated by low serum haptoglobin, high serum lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), elevated i ... | 2015 | 26090240 |
| using broiler litter and swine manure lagoon effluent in sawdust-based swine mortality composts: effects on nutrients, bacteria, and gaseous emissions. | disposition of mortalities challenges confined animal feeding operations (cafos), especially sow (farrowing) farms, which experience mortalities daily. regulations and transportation costs may preclude incineration, landfill burial, and rendering; therefore, swine cafos in mississippi in the mid-south u.s. often compost mortalities. in this study, a farm-standard composting mix of sawdust (s) and water (w) was compared with mixes where n was supplied by broiler litter (l) and water was replaced ... | 2015 | 26081729 |
| clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin causes selective death of mature oligodendrocytes and central nervous system demyelination. | clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (ε-toxin) is responsible for a devastating multifocal central nervous system (cns) white matter disease in ruminant animals. the mechanism by which ε-toxin causes white matter damage is poorly understood. in this study, we sought to determine the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which ε-toxin causes pathological changes to white matter. in primary cns cultures, ε-toxin binds to and kills oligodendrocytes but not astrocytes, microglia, or neurons. in cere ... | 2015 | 26081637 |
| cholesterol segregates into submicrometric domains at the living erythrocyte membrane: evidence and regulation. | although cholesterol is essential for membrane fluidity and deformability, the level of its lateral heterogeneity at the plasma membrane of living cells is poorly understood due to lack of appropriate probe. we here report on the usefulness of the d4 fragment of clostridium perfringens toxin fused to mcherry (theta*), as specific, non-toxic, sensitive and quantitative cholesterol-labeling tool, using erythrocyte flat membrane. by confocal microscopy, theta* labels cholesterol-enriched submicrome ... | 2015 | 26077601 |
| a thermophilic phage endolysin fusion to a clostridium perfringens-specific cell wall binding domain creates an anti-clostridium antimicrobial with improved thermostability. | clostridium perfringens is the third leading cause of human foodborne bacterial disease and is the presumptive etiologic agent of necrotic enteritis among chickens. treatment of poultry with antibiotics is becoming less acceptable. endolysin enzymes are potential replacements for antibiotics. many enzymes are added to animal feed during production and are subjected to high-heat stress during feed processing. to produce a thermostabile endolysin for treating poultry, an e. coli codon-optimized ge ... | 2015 | 26075507 |
| oncoleaking: use of the pore-forming clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) for suicide gene therapy. | suicide gene therapy has been shown to be very efficient in tumor eradication. numerous suicide genes were tested in vitro and in vivo demonstrating their therapeutic potential in clinical trials. apart from this, still growing efforts are made to generate more targeted and more effective suicide gene systems for cancer gene therapy. in this regard bacterial toxins are an alternative, which add to the broad spectrum of different suicide strategies. in this context, the claudin-targeted bacterial ... | 2015 | 26072402 |
| convergent weaponry in a biological arms race. | bacterial surface proteins covalently attach to host cells via a mechanism that is also used by immune system proteins that help eliminate invading pathogens. | 2015 | 26062771 |
| clostridium perfringens enterotoxin c-terminal domain labeled to fluorescent dyes for in vivo visualization of micrometastatic chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer. | identification of micrometastatic disease at the time of surgery remains extremely challenging in ovarian cancer patients. we used fluorescence microscopy, an in vivo imaging system and a fluorescence stereo microscope to evaluate fluorescence distribution in claudin-3- and -4-overexpressing ovarian tumors, floating tumor clumps isolated from ascites and healthy organs. to do so, mice harboring chemotherapy-naïve and chemotherapy-resistant human ovarian cancer xenografts or patient-derived xenog ... | 2015 | 26060989 |
| detailed characterization of the o-linked glycosylation of the neuropilin-1 c/mam-domain. | neuropilins are involved in angiogenesis and neuronal development. the membrane proximal domain of neuropilin-1, called c or mam domain based on its sequence conservation, has been implicated in neuropilin oligomerization required for its function. the c/mam domain of human neuropilin-1 has been recombinantly expressed to allow for investigation of its propensity to engage in molecular interactions with other protein or carbohydrate components on a cell surface. we found that the c/mam domain wa ... | 2016 | 26059692 |
| erratum for maheux et al., abilities of the mcp agar method and crename alpha toxin-specific real-time pcr assay to detect clostridium perfringens spores in drinking water. | | 2014 | 26058088 |
| identification of the replication region in pbcnf5603, a bacteriocin-encoding plasmid, in the enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens strain f5603. | most recent studies of clostridium perfringens plasmids have focused on toxin-encoding or antibiotic resistance plasmids. to cause intestinal disease, a toxigenic strain must grow in the intestines to levels allowing for sufficient toxin production and this in vivo growth often involves overcoming the normal intestinal microbial population. for this purpose, bacteriocin production might be important. | 2015 | 26055257 |
| fatal clostridium perfringens septicemia suggested by postmortem computed tomography: a medico-legal autopsy case report. | we report a fatal case of suspected clostridium (cl.) perfringens septicemia in a previously healthy woman in her eighties. at first, she presented at the hospital complaining of upper abdominal discomfort and vomiting, and was discharged the next day after ruling out any fatal conditions. however, her condition deteriorated approximately 10h after discharge and she died shortly after. the postmortem computed tomography (pmct) performed 29h postmortem revealed an excessive systemic gas accumulat ... | 2015 | 26048862 |
| hydrolyzable and condensed tannins resistance in clostridium perfringens. | tannins added in the diet are being used to improve nutrition and health in farm animals as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters and to control enteric clostridial diseases. however, the capacity of clostridium perfringens to develop resistance under the selective pressure of tannins is unknown. the purpose of this study was to determine if c. perfringens possess the ability to develop resistance against tannins in comparison with antimicrobial agents. susceptibility for 7 agps (antimic ... | 2015 | 26037239 |
| claudin-binder c-cpe mutants enhance permeability of insulin across human nasal epithelial cells. | intranasal insulin administration has therapeutic potential for alzheimer's disease and in intranasal administration across the nasal mucosa, the paracellular pathway regulated by tight junctions is important. the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe) binds the tight junction protein claudin and disrupts the tight junctional barrier without a cytotoxic effect. the c-cpe mutant called c-cpe 194 binds only to claudin-4, whereas the c-cpe 194 mutant called c-cpe m19 bin ... | 2016 | 26036653 |
| an internal thioester in a pathogen surface protein mediates covalent host binding. | to cause disease and persist in a host, pathogenic and commensal microbes must adhere to tissues. colonization and infection depend on specific molecular interactions at the host-microbe interface that involve microbial surface proteins, or adhesins. to date, adhesins are only known to bind to host receptors non-covalently. here we show that the streptococcal surface protein sfbi mediates covalent interaction with the host protein fibrinogen using an unusual internal thioester bond as a 'chemica ... | 2015 | 26032562 |
| lipoproteins from clostridium perfringens and their protective efficacy in mouse model. | clostridium perfringens is an obligately anaerobic rod-shaped bacterium and etiological agent for several diseases in humans and animals. the pathogen has been listed as validated biological agent and warrants development of medical countermeasures. the homologs of some of the lipoproteins identified from various fractions of c. perfringens in our previous studies were observed to be virulence determinants in other pathogenic bacteria. three putative virulence associated lipoproteins; polysaccha ... | 2015 | 26027922 |
| critical illness in pregnancy: part ii: common medical conditions complicating pregnancy and puerperium. | the first of this two-part series on critical illness in pregnancy dealt with obstetric disorders. in part ii, medical conditions that commonly affect pregnant women or worsen during pregnancy are discussed. ards occurs more frequently in pregnancy. strategies commonly used in nonpregnant patients, including permissive hypercapnia, limits for plateau pressure, and prone positioning, may not be acceptable, especially in late pregnancy. genital tract infections unique to pregnancy include chorioam ... | 2015 | 26020727 |
| c-terminal clostridium perfringens enterotoxin-mediated antigen delivery for nasal pneumococcal vaccine. | efficient vaccine delivery to mucosal tissues including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues is essential for the development of mucosal vaccine. we previously reported that claudin-4 was highly expressed on the epithelium of nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (nalt) and thus claudin-4-targeting using c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe) effectively delivered fused antigen to nalt and consequently induced antigen-specific immune responses. in this study, we applie ... | 2015 | 26018248 |
| perfringolysin o: the underrated clostridium perfringens toxin? | the anaerobic bacterium clostridium perfringens expresses multiple toxins that promote disease development in both humans and animals. one such toxin is perfringolysin o (pfo, classically referred to as θ toxin), a pore-forming cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (cdc). pfo is secreted as a water-soluble monomer that recognizes and binds membranes via cholesterol. membrane-bound monomers undergo structural changes that culminate in the formation of an oligomerized prepore complex on the membrane sur ... | 2015 | 26008232 |
| automated sampling procedures supported by high persistence of bacterial fecal indicators and bacteroidetes genetic microbial source tracking markers in municipal wastewater during short-term storage at 5°c. | because of high diurnal water quality fluctuations in raw municipal wastewater, the use of proportional autosampling over a period of 24 h at municipal wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) to evaluate carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal has become a standard in many countries. microbial removal or load estimation at municipal wwtps, however, is still based on manually recovered grab samples. the goal of this study was to establish basic knowledge regarding the persistence of standard bacteri ... | 2015 | 26002900 |
| location and stoichiometry of the protease cspb and the cortex-lytic enzyme slec in clostridium perfringens spores. | the protease cspb and the cortex-lytic enzyme slec are essential for peptoglycan cortex hydrolysis during germination of spores of the clostridium perfringens food poisoning isolate sm101. in this study, western blot analyses were used to demonstrate that cspb and slec are present exclusively in the c. perfringens sm101 spore coat layer fraction and absent in the lysate from decoated spores and from the purified inner spore membrane. these results indicate why decoating treatments greatly reduce ... | 2015 | 25998819 |
| characterization, validation and application of a dna microarray for the detection of mandatory and other waterborne pathogens. | culture methods for the detection of indicator bacteria are currently used for detection of waterborne bacteria. the need for an increased range of analyzed bacteria coupled with the obtainment of rapid and early results justify the development of a dna microarray for the identification of waterborne pathogens. this dna microarray has 16 implanted probes with a median size of 147 bases, targeting 12 different parameters, including all mandatory indicator microorganisms, such as escherichia coli, ... | 2015 | 25998249 |
| the myelin and lymphocyte protein mal is required for binding and activity of clostridium perfringens ε-toxin. | clostridium perfringens ε-toxin (etx) is a potent pore-forming toxin responsible for a central nervous system (cns) disease in ruminant animals with characteristics of blood-brain barrier (bbb) dysfunction and white matter injury. etx has been proposed as a potential causative agent for multiple sclerosis (ms), a human disease that begins with bbb breakdown and injury to myelin forming cells of the cns. the receptor for etx is unknown. here we show that both binding of etx to mammalian cells and ... | 2015 | 25993478 |
| impact of mutating the key residues of a bifunctional 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-cyclohydrolase from escherichia coli on its activities. | methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-cyclohydrolase (fold) catalyzes interconversion of 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate and 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate in the one-carbon metabolic pathway. in some organisms, the essential requirement of 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate may also be fulfilled by formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (fhs). recently, we developed an escherichia coli strain in which the fold gene was deleted in the presence of clostridium perfringens fhs (e. coli δfold/p-fhs) and used it to ... | 2015 | 25988590 |
| fate and transport of enteric microbes from septic systems in a coastal watershed. | onsite wastewater treatment systems (owts) are commonly used in coastal areas to treat household wastewater. these systems represent potential sources of fecal pollution of groundwater and nearby surface water. owts are expected to reduce microbial concentrations in wastewater; however, system and environmental factors can affect treatment efficiency and impacts on ground and surface water. in the study of owts described in this article, the authors sampled septic tanks and groundwater at two ho ... | 2015 | 25985535 |
| genome-wide transcriptional profiling of clostridium perfringens sm101 during sporulation extends the core of putative sporulation genes and genes determining spore properties and germination characteristics. | the formation of bacterial spores is a highly regulated process and the ultimate properties of the spores are determined during sporulation and subsequent maturation. a wide variety of genes that are expressed during sporulation determine spore properties such as resistance to heat and other adverse environmental conditions, dormancy and germination responses. in this study we characterized the sporulation phases of c. perfringens enterotoxic strain sm101 based on morphological characteristics, ... | 2015 | 25978838 |
| assembly and function of claudins: structure-function relationships based on homology models and crystal structures. | the tetra-span transmembrane proteins of the claudin family are critical components of formation and function of tight junctions (tj). homo- and heterophilic side-by-side (cis) and intercellular head-to-head (trans) interactions of 27 claudin-subtypes regulate tissue-specifically the paracellular permeability and/or tightness between epithelial or endothelial cells. this review highlights the functional impact that has been identified for particular claudin residues by relating them to structura ... | 2015 | 25957516 |
| impact of clean-label antimicrobials and nitrite derived from natural sources on the outgrowth of clostridium perfringens during cooling of deli-style turkey breast. | organic acids and sodium nitrite have long been shown to provide antimicrobial activity during chilling of cured meat products. however, neither purified organic acids nor nano2 is permitted in products labeled natural and both are generally avoided in clean-label formulations; efficacy of their replacement is not well understood. natural and clean-label antimicrobial alternatives were evaluated in both uncured and in alternative cured (a process that uses natural sources of nitrite) deli-style ... | 2015 | 25951389 |
| clostridium perfringens tpel induces formation of stress fibers via activation of rhoa-rock signaling pathway. | clostridium perfringens tpel belongs to a family of large clostridial glucosylating cytotoxins. tpel modifies rac1 and ras subfamily proteins. herein we report tpel-induced formation of stress fibers via rhoa-rho kinase (rock) signaling. a recombinant protein (tpel1-525) derived from the tpel n-terminal catalytic domain in the presence of streptolysin o (slo) induced the formation of actin stress fibers in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells in a dose-dependent manner. the rhoa/rock pathway i ... | 2015 | 25947919 |
| recovery of staphylococcus aureus in gray mugil cephalus roe (bottarga): investigation by an integrated cultural/molecular approach. | in the mediterranean area, salted and dried roe from the gray mugil cephalus "bottarga" represent a speciality food with great commercial value. bottarga is currently produced by a traditional handmade process and, the risk of human bacterial contamination during its manufacturing is still unknown; in this perspective the foodborne pathogen staphylococcus aureus could potentially contaminate this product due to poor sanitation or bad handling during processing. the aim of this work is: to evalua ... | 2015 | 25944563 |
| plasmid partitioning systems of conjugative plasmids from clostridium perfringens. | many pathogenic strains of clostridium perfringens carry several highly similar toxin or antibiotic resistance plasmids that have 35 to 40 kb of very closely related syntenous sequences, including regions that carry the genes encoding conjugative transfer, plasmid replication and plasmid maintenance functions. key questions are how are these closely related plasmids stably maintained in the same cell and what is the basis for plasmid incompatibility in c. perfringens. comparative analysis of the ... | 2015 | 25929175 |
| the role of biological processes in reducing both odor impact and pathogen content during mesophilic anaerobic digestion. | mesophilic anaerobic digestion (mad) produces renewable energy, but it also plays a role in reducing the impact of digestates, both by reducing odor and pathogen content. ten full-scale biogas plants characterized by different plant designs (e.g. single digesters, parallel or serial digesters), plant powers (ranging from 180 to 999 kwe), hydraulic retention time (hrt) (ranging between 20 to 70 days) and feed mixes were monitored and odors and pathogens were observed in both ingestates and digest ... | 2015 | 25925189 |
| amino acid residue y196e substitution and c-terminal peptide synergistically alleviate the toxicity of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin. | epsilon toxin (etx) is produced by clostridium perfringens type b and d strains, and is the causative agent of a lethal enterotoxemia in livestock animals and possibly in humans. however, many details of etx structure and activity are not known. therefore, it is important to clarify the relationship between etx structure and activity. to explore the effect and mechanism of etx amino acid residue y196e substitution and c-terminal peptide on toxicity, four recombinant proteins, retx (without 13 n- ... | 2015 | 25912943 |
| in vitro cytotoxicity induced by clostridium perfringens isolate carrying a chromosomal cpe gene is exclusively dependent on sporulation and enterotoxin production. | clostridium perfringens type a is a common source of food poisoning (fp) and non-food-borne (nfb) gastrointestinal diseases in humans. in the intestinal tract, the vegetative cells sporulate and produce a major pathogenic factor, c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe). most type a fp isolates carry a chromosomal cpe gene, whereas nfb type a isolates typically carry a plasmid-encoded cpe. in vitro, the purified cpe protein binds to a receptor and forms pores, exerting a cytotoxic activity in epithelial ... | 2015 | 25912832 |
| use of power ultrasound to enhance the thermal inactivation of clostridium perfringens spores in beef slurry. | clostridium perfringens is a pathogen of concern in pasteurised foods. the main objective of this study was to use power ultrasound to enhance the thermal inactivation of c. perfringens spores in beef slurry. the effect of simultaneous ultrasound and heat (ts, thermosonication) on the spore inactivation in beef slurry was first investigated. at 75 °c, a 60 min ts process (24 khz, 0.33 w/g) resulted in a less than 1.5 log reduction for both c. perfringens nzrm 898 and nzrm 2621 spores. then, the ... | 2015 | 25912313 |
| clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin induces gm1a clustering and trka phosphorylation in the host cell membrane. | clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin elicits various immune responses such as the release of cytokines, chemokines, and superoxide via the gm1a/trka complex. alpha-toxin possesses phospholipase c (plc) hydrolytic activity that contributes to signal transduction in the pathogenesis of gas gangrene. little is known about the relationship between lipid metabolism and trka activation by alpha-toxin. using live-cell fluorescence microscopy, we monitored transbilayer movement of diacylglycerol (dag) wi ... | 2015 | 25910247 |
| bioassay-guided chromatographic isolation and identification of antibacterial compounds from artemisia annua l. that inhibit clostridium perfringens growth. | clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of necrotic enteritis leading to significant losses in the poultry industry. dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts of aerial parts of artemisia annua (asteraceae) exhibited activity against c. perfringens with minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of 185 and 270 μg/ml, respectively. bioassay-guided fractionation of the extracts gave several active fractions (mic between 75 and 600 μg/ml). investigations of the most active fractions resulted in the ... | 2016 | 25902977 |
| clostridium perfringens infection after transarterial chemoembolization for large hepatocellular carcinoma. | we report an unusual case of clostridium perfringens liver abscess formation after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (tace) for large hepatocellular carcinoma. severe deterioration in liver and renal function accompanied with hemocytolysis was found on the 2(nd) day after tace. blood culture found clostridium perfringens and abdominal computed tomography revealed a gas-containing abscess in the liver. following antibiotics administration and support care, the infection was controlled and ... | 2015 | 25892893 |
| vertebral osteomyelitis and epidural abscess caused by gas gangrene presenting with complete paraplegia: a case report. | gas gangrene is most often caused by clostridium perfringens infection. gas gangrene is a medical emergency that develops suddenly. the mortality rate is higher with trunk involvement than with involvement of the extremities, which carries a better prognosis. with respect to vertebral involvement, there are few reports in the literature. the purpose of this paper is to report a very rare case of vertebral osteomyelitis caused by gas gangrene. | 2015 | 25888739 |
| non-classical azoreductase secretion in clostridium perfringens in response to sulfonated azo dye exposure. | clostridium perfringens, a strictly anaerobic microorganism and inhabitant of the human intestine, has been shown to produce an azoreductase enzyme (azoc), an nadh-dependent flavin oxidoreductase. this enzyme reduces azo dyes into aromatic amines, which can be carcinogenic. a significant amount of work has been completed on the activity of azoc. despite this, much is still unknown, including whether azoreduction of these dyes occurs intracellularly or extracellulary. a physiological study of c. ... | 2015 | 25881497 |
| specific binding of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin fragment to claudin-b and modulation of zebrafish epidermal barrier. | claudins (cldn) are the major components of tight junctions (tjs) sealing the paracellular cleft in tissue barriers of various organs. zebrafish cldnb, the homolog of mammalian cldn4, is expressed at epithelial cell-cell contacts and is important for regulating epidermal permeability. the bacterial toxin clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) has been shown to bind to a subset of mammalian cldns. in this study, we used the cldn-binding c-terminal domain of cpe (194-319 amino acids, ccpe 194-3 ... | 2015 | 25869230 |
| attack rate in food poisoning: order in chaos. | the frequency distributions of the numbers of patients and eaters were near lognormal for almost all food poisonings. the medians and ranges remained almost unchanged over time, although the annual number of incidents varied. however, the numbers of patients and eaters were not correlated for many of the food poisonings. a regular pattern relating the numbers of patients and eaters emerged for food poisonings exhibited strong seasonal incidence. for example, food poisonings caused by norovirus o ... | 2015 | 25866112 |
| a novel pore-forming toxin in type a clostridium perfringens is associated with both fatal canine hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and fatal foal necrotizing enterocolitis. | a role for type a clostridium perfringens in acute hemorrhagic and necrotizing gastroenteritis in dogs and in necrotizing enterocolitis of neonatal foals has long been suspected but incompletely characterized. the supernatants of an isolate made from a dog and from a foal that died from these diseases were both found to be highly cytotoxic for an equine ovarian (eo) cell line. partial genome sequencing of the canine isolate revealed three novel putative toxin genes encoding proteins related to t ... | 2015 | 25853427 |
| neuroinflammation induced by intracerebroventricular injection of microbial neuraminidase. | in the present paper, we describe the facts that took place in the rat brain after a single injection of the enzyme neuraminidase from clostridium perfringens into the right lateral ventricle. after injection, it diffused through the cerebrospinal fluid of the ipsilateral ventricle and the third ventricle, and about 400 μm into the periventricular brain parenchyma. the expression of icam1 in the endothelial cells of the periventricular vessels, iba1 in microglia, and gfap in astrocytes notably i ... | 2015 | 25853134 |
| isolation and characterization of a new [fefe]-hydrogenase from clostridium perfringens. | this paper reports the first characterization of an [fefe]-hydrogenase from a clostridium perfringens strain previously isolated in our laboratory from a pilot-scale bio-hydrogen plant that efficiently produces h2 from waste biomasses. on the basis of sequence analysis, the enzyme is a monomer formed by four domains hosting various iron-sulfur centres involved in electron transfer and the catalytic center h-cluster. after recombinant expression in escherichia coli, the purified protein catalyzes ... | 2016 | 25851509 |
| rye affects bacterial translocation, intestinal viscosity, microbiota composition and bone mineralization in turkey poults. | previously, we have reported that rye significantly increased both viscosity and clostridium perfringens proliferation when compared with corn in an in vitro digestive model. two independent trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of rye as a source of energy on bacterial translocation, intestinal viscosity, gut microbiota composition, and bone mineralization, when compared with corn in turkey poults. in each experiment, day-of-hatch, turkey poults were randomly assigned to either a corn or ... | 2015 | 25849537 |
| claudin-4 spect imaging allows detection of aplastic lesions in a mouse model of breast cancer. | the expression of claudin-4, a protein involved in tight junction complexes, is widely dysregulated in epithelial malignancies. claudin-4 is overexpressed in several premalignant precursor lesions, including those of cancers of the breast, pancreas, and prostate, and is associated with poor survival. a noncytotoxic c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (ccpe) is a natural ligand for claudin-4. here, we demonstrate whole-body quantitative spect imaging of preneoplastic breast ... | 2015 | 25840973 |
| bacterial enteritis in ostrich (struthio camelus) chicks in the western cape province, south africa. | ostrich (struthio camelus) chicks less than 3 mo age are observed to experience a high mortality rate that is often associated with enteritis. this study was undertaken to investigate the infectious bacteria implicated in ostrich chick enteritis. postmortems were performed on 122 ostrich chicks aged from 1 d to 3 mo and intestinal samples were subjected to bacterial culture. bacterial isolates were typed by pcr and serotyping. escherichia coli (e. coli; 49%) was the most frequently isolated from ... | 2015 | 25840967 |
| characterization of clostridium perfringens isolates obtained from 2010 to 2012 from chickens with necrotic enteritis in korea. | clostridium perfringens produces diverse virulent toxins that cause necrotic enteritis in poultry, resulting in a great negative impact on the poultry industry. to study the characteristics of c. perfringens in chickens, we isolated 88 strains from chickens (1 strain per flock) with necrotic enteritis. the isolated bacterial strains were screened for toxin type and antimicrobial susceptibility. necropsy of 17 chickens that died from necrotic enteritis revealed that their intestines were dilated ... | 2015 | 25840962 |
| clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) and cpe-binding domain (c-cpe) for the detection and treatment of gynecologic cancers. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) is a three-domain polypeptide, which binds to claudin-3 and claudin-4 with high affinity. because these receptors are highly differentially expressed in many human tumors, claudin-3 and claudin-4 may provide an efficient molecular tool to specifically identify and target biologically aggressive human cancer cells for cpe-specific binding and cytolysis. in this review we will discuss these surface proteins as targets for the detection and treatment of che ... | 2015 | 25835384 |
| focal bacterial meningitis following ascending bite wound infection leading to paraparesis in a captive california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | magnetic resonance imaging was performed on a 15-yr-old captive female california sea lion (zalophus californianus) with a 2-wk history of progressive paraparesis and a 9-mo history of exudative skin lesion on the left thoracic wall. magnetic resonance images showed a well-defined muscle infiltrating lesion ventrolateral to the seventh cervical to the third thoracic vertebra on the left side, which extended through the left intervertebral foramina c7 to t3 into the vertebral canal, causing spina ... | 2015 | 25831587 |
| the cpal quorum sensing system regulates production of hemolysins cpa and pfo to build clostridium perfringens biofilms. | clostridium perfringens strains produce severe diseases, including myonecrosis and enteritis necroticans, in humans and animals. diseases are mediated by the production of potent toxins that often damage the site of infection, e.g., skin epithelium during myonecrosis. in planktonic cultures, the regulation of important toxins, such as cpa, cpb, and pfo, is controlled by the c. perfringens agr-like (cpal) quorum sensing (qs) system. strains also encode a functional luxs/ai-2 system. although c. p ... | 2015 | 25824838 |
| multi-organ failure secondary to a clostridium perfringens gaseous liver abscess following a self-limited episode of acute gastroenteritis. | clostridium perfringens is an unusual pathogen responsible for the development of a gas-forming pyogenic liver abscess. progression to septicemia with this infection has amplified case fatality rates. | 2015 | 25807198 |
| effect of lactobacillus plantarum strain k21 on high-fat diet-fed obese mice. | recent studies have demonstrated beneficial effects of specific probiotics on alleviating obesity-related disorders. here we aimed to identify probiotics with potential antiobesity activity among 88 lactic acid bacterial strains via in vitro screening assays, and a lactobacillus plantarum strain k21 was found to harbor abilities required for hydrolyzing bile salt, reducing cholesterol, and inhibiting the accumulation of lipid in 3t3-l1 preadipocytes. furthermore, effects of k21 on diet-induced o ... | 2015 | 25802537 |
| clostridium perfringens type e virulence traits involved in gut colonization. | clostridium perfringens type e disease in ruminants has been characterized by hemorrhagic enteritis or sudden death. although type e isolates are defined by the production of alpha and iota toxin, little is known about the pathogenesis of c. perfringens type e infections. thus far, the role of iota toxin as a virulence factor is unknown. in this report, iota toxin showed positive effects on adherence and colonization of c. perfringens type e while having negative effect on the adherence of type ... | 2015 | 25799452 |
| the inhibitory effects of sorbate and benzoate against clostridium perfringens type a isolates. | this study evaluated the inhibitory effects of sorbate and benzoate against clostridium perfringens type a food poisoning (fp) and non-food-borne (nfb) disease isolates. no significant inhibition of germination of spores of both fp and nfb isolates was observed in rich medium (ph 7.0) supplemented with permissive level of sodium sorbate (0.3% ≈ 0.13 mm undissociated sorbic acid) or sodium benzoate (0.1% ≈ 0.01 mm undissociated benzoic acid) used in foods. however, these levels of sorbate and ben ... | 2015 | 25790996 |
| phytase modulates ileal microbiota and enhances growth performance of the broiler chickens. | phytase is well studied and explored, however, little is known about its effects on the microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract. in total, 400 one-day-old female ross 308 chicks were randomly distributed to four experimental groups. the dietary treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 complete factorial design, with the factors being adequate (pc) or insufficient calcium (ca) and digestible phosphor (dp)(nc) and with or without 5000 phytase units (ftu)/kg of escherichia coli 6-phytase. the ga ... | 2015 | 25781608 |
| structure-function analysis of peptide signaling in the clostridium perfringens agr-like quorum sensing system. | the accessory growth regulator (agr)-like quorum sensing (qs) system of clostridium perfringens controls the production of many toxins, including beta toxin (cpb). we previously showed (j. e. vidal, m. ma, j. saputo, j. garcia, f. a. uzal, and b. a. mcclane, mol microbiol 83:179-194, 2012, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07925.x) that an 8-amino-acid, agrd-derived peptide named 8-r upregulates cpb production by this qs system. the current study synthesized a series of small signaling ... | 2015 | 25777675 |
| animal models to study the pathogenesis of human and animal clostridium perfringens infections. | the most common animal models used to study clostridium perfringens infections in humans and animals are reviewed here. the classical c. perfringens-mediated histotoxic disease of humans is clostridial myonecrosis or gas gangrene and the use of a mouse myonecrosis model coupled with genetic studies has contributed greatly to our understanding of disease pathogenesis. similarly, the use of a chicken model has enhanced our understanding of type a-mediated necrotic enteritis in poultry and has led ... | 2015 | 25770894 |
| clostridial co-infection episodes in commercial laying hens. | the present report describes two outbreaks of serious enteritis in commercial laying hens where clostridium perfringens and clostridium colinum were simultaneously detected. at the age of 44 and 31 weeks, two laying hen flocks showed an increase of the mortality rate and a worsening of productive performance. post-mortem examination revealed intestinal necrotic-haemorrhagic ulcerations and hepatic focal necrosis. the bacteriological examination yielded the isolation of c. colinum and c. perfring ... | 2015 | 25769045 |
| health risk assessment related to waterborne pathogens from the river to the tap. | a two-year monitoring program of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, giardia duodenalis cysts, escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens spores and adenovirus was conducted in three large rivers in france used for recreational activities and as a resource for drinking water production. fifty-liter river water and one thousand-liter tap water samples were concentrated using hollow-fiber ultrafiltration and analyzed by molecular biology or laser-scanning cytometry. in order to evaluate watershed land ... | 2015 | 25764059 |
| use of yeast cell wall extract as a tool to reduce the impact of necrotic enteritis in broilers. | the use of a yeast cell wall extract derived from saccharomyces cerevisiae (actigen(®)) has been proposed as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics. this experiment was conducted to investigate the efficacy of yeast cell extract as an alternative to zinc bacitracin or salinomycin using a necrotic enteritis challenge model. a feeding study was conducted using 480-day-old male ross 308 chicks assigned to 48 floor pens. a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed. the factors were: chal ... | 2015 | 25762162 |
| an allosteric model for control of pore opening by substrate binding in the eutl microcompartment shell protein. | the ethanolamine utilization (eut) microcompartment is a protein-based metabolic organelle that is strongly associated with pathogenesis in bacteria that inhabit the human gut. the exterior shell of this elaborate protein complex is composed from a few thousand copies of bmc-domain shell proteins, which form a semi-permeable diffusion barrier that provides the interior enzymes with substrates and cofactors while simultaneously retaining metabolic intermediates. the ability of this protein shell ... | 2015 | 25752492 |
| [a case of freeze-dried gas gangrene antitoxin for the treatment of clostridium perfringens sepsis]. | a 66-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with high fever. we diagnosed a gas-containing liver abscess and performed percutaneous abscess drainage. however, 15 hours after admission, he developed massive intravascular hemolysis and acidosis. sepsis due to clostridium perfringens was suspected and we treated the patient intensively with multidisciplinary approaches, including antibiotics, mechanical ventilation, and renal replacement therapy. furthermore, we administered freeze-dried gas gan ... | 2015 | 25748160 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assays for the species-specific detection of eimeria that infect chickens. | eimeria species parasites, protozoa which cause the enteric disease coccidiosis, pose a serious threat to the production and welfare of chickens. in the absence of effective control clinical coccidiosis can be devastating. resistance to the chemoprophylactics frequently used to control eimeria is common and sub-clinical infection is widespread, influencing feed conversion ratios and susceptibility to other pathogens such as clostridium perfringens. despite the availability of polymerase chain re ... | 2015 | 25741643 |
| microbial pathogens in wastewater treatment plants (wwtp) in hamburg. | microbial pathogens are among the major health problems associated with water and wastewater. classical indicators of fecal contamination include total coliforms, escherichia coli, and clostridium perfringens. these fecal indicators were monitored in order to obtain information regarding their evolution during wastewater treatment processes. helminth eggs survive for a long duration in the environment and have a high potential for waterborne transmission, making them reliable contaminant indicat ... | 2015 | 25734765 |
| a five site clostridium perfringens food-borne outbreak: a retrospective cohort study. | in may of 2012, we investigated a food-borne clostridium perfringens outbreak in slovenia involving a single kitchen and five venues, with 477 exposed persons. | 2015 | 27646622 |