Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| dietary calcium, phosphorus, and phytase effects on bird performance, intestinal morphology, mineral digestibility, and bone ash during a natural necrotic enteritis episode. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary ca, p, and phytase on performance, intestinal morphology, bone ash, and ca and p digestibility during a necrotic enteritis (ne) outbreak. the 35-d trial was designed as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial, which included 2 ca levels (0.6 and 0.9%), 2 p levels (0.3 and 0.45%), and 2 levels of phytase [0 and 1,000 phytase units (ftu)/kg]. birds were placed on litter from a previous flock that exhibited clinical signs of ne. birds and feed were w ... | 2014 | 25143591 |
| enumeration of clostridia in goat milk using an optimized membrane filtration technique. | a membrane filtration technique developed for counting butyric acid bacteria in cow milk was further developed for analysis of goat milk. reduction of the sample volume, prolongation of incubation time after addition of proteolytic enzyme and detergent, and a novel step of ultrasonic treatment during incubation allowed filtration of goat milk even in the case of somatic cell counts (scc) exceeding 10(6)/ml. however, filterability was impaired in milk from goats in late lactation. in total, spore ... | 2014 | 25129496 |
| enteropathogen co-infection in uk cats with diarrhoea. | individual enteropathogen infections in healthy and clinically ill cats are well described, but prevalence and patterns of enteropathogen co-infection have only been reported on a limited basis. we studied enteropathogen co-infection in diarrhoeic uk cats using results of a real time pcr assay for 8 enteropathogenic species; feline coronavirus (co), feline panleukopenia virus (pa), clostridium perfringens (cl), salmonella enterica (sa), giardia spp. (gi), tritrichomonas foetus (tr), cryptosporid ... | 2014 | 24410914 |
| assessment of microbiological and chemical properties in a municipal landfill area. | this study aimed at determining the environmental hazards for soils posed by a large municipal landfilll. the concentrations of heavy metals and policyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as microbial composition (i.e., mesophilic bacteria, actinomycetes, molds, salmonella, staphylococcus, clostridium perfringens) in four soils within and in the vicinity of the landfill were evaluated and compared to waste samples. both chemical and microbiological analyses revealed only limited contamination of ... | 2014 | 24410690 |
| temporary feed restriction partially protects broilers from necrotic enteritis. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feed restriction on the intestinal ecosystem and on the pathogenesis of experimental necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks. to induce subclinical necrotic enteritis, an experimental challenge model using a specific diet formulation, gumboro vaccination, oral inoculation of broilers with a 10-fold dose of attenuated anticoccidial vaccine and multiple oral inoculations with a specific strain of clostridium perfringens was adopted. two hun ... | 2014 | 24498863 |
| clostridium perfringens strains from bovine enterotoxemia cases are not superior in in vitro production of alpha toxin, perfringolysin o and proteolytic enzymes. | bovine enterotoxemia is a major cause of mortality in veal calves. predominantly veal calves of beef cattle breeds are affected and losses due to enterotoxemia may account for up to 20% of total mortality. clostridium perfringens type a is considered to be the causative agent. recently, alpha toxin and perfringolysin o have been proposed to play an essential role in the development of disease. however, other potential virulence factors also may play a role in the pathogenesis of bovine enterotox ... | 2014 | 24479821 |
| clostridium perfringens phospholipase c induced ros production and cytotoxicity require pkc, mek1 and nfκb activation. | clostridium perfringens phospholipase c (cpplc), also called α-toxin, is the most toxic extracellular enzyme produced by this bacteria and is essential for virulence in gas gangrene. at lytic concentrations, cpplc causes membrane disruption, whereas at sublytic concentrations this toxin causes oxidative stress and activates the mek/erk pathway, which contributes to its cytotoxic and myotoxic effects. in the present work, the role of pkc, erk 1/2 and nfκb signalling pathways in ros generation ind ... | 2014 | 24466113 |
| intravascular haemolysis secondary to clostridium perfringens in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. | 2014 | 24446867 | |
| distribution of clostridium perfringens isolates from piglets in south korea. | clostridium perfringens causes various digestive system disease symptoms in pigs. in the present study, 11 c. perfringens isolates were obtained from diarrheic piglets and 18 from healthy piglets. all of the c. perfringens isolates were shown to be type a using a multiplex pcr assay. the β2 toxin gene was detected in 27/29 c. perfringens isolates, i.e., 81% (9/11) of diarrheic piglets and 100% (18/18) of healthy piglets, and all of the genes had the same sequence. in conclusion, the β2 toxin gen ... | 2014 | 24430655 |
| white-rot fungal pretreatment of wheat straw with phanerochaete chrysosporium for biohydrogen production: simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. | this paper demonstrates biohydrogen production was enhanced by white-rot fungal pretreatment of wheat straw (ws) through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf). wheat straw was pretreated by phanerochaete chrysosporium at 30 °c under solid state fermentation for 12 days, and lignin was removed about 28.5 ± 1.3 %. microscopic structure observation combined thermal gravity and differential thermal gravity analysis further showed that the lignocellulose structure obviously disrupted a ... | 2014 | 24429553 |
| modulation of micrornas in two genetically disparate chicken lines showing different necrotic enteritis disease susceptibility. | micrornas (mirna) play a critical role in post-transcriptional regulation by influencing the 3'-utr of target genes. using two inbred white leghorn chicken lines, line 6.3 and line 7.2 showing marek's disease-resistant and -susceptible phenotypes, respectively, we used small rna high-throughput sequencing (hts) to investigate whether mirnas are differently expressed in these two chicken lines after inducing necrotic enteritis (ne). the 12 mirnas, selected from the most down-regulated or up-regul ... | 2014 | 24629767 |
| fluorescence in situ hybridization investigation of potentially pathogenic bacteria involved in neonatal porcine diarrhea. | neonatal diarrhea is a multifactorial condition commonly present on pig farms and leads to economic losses due to increased morbidity and mortality of piglets. immature immune system and lack of fully established microbiota at birth predispose neonatal piglets to infection with enteric pathogens. the microorganisms that for decades have been associated with enteritis and diarrhea in suckling piglets are: rotavirus a, coronavirus, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), clostridium perfringens t ... | 2014 | 24628856 |
| identification of a key residue for oligomerisation and pore-formation of clostridium perfringens netb. | necrotic enteritis toxin b (netb) is a β-pore-forming toxin produced by clostridium perfringens and has been identified as a key virulence factor in the pathogenesis of avian necrotic enteritis, a disease causing significant economic damage to the poultry industry worldwide. in this study, site-directed mutagenesis was used to identify amino acids that play a role in netb oligomerisation and pore-formation. netb k41h showed significantly reduced toxicity towards lmh cells and human red blood cel ... | 2014 | 24625763 |
| draft genome sequence of clostridium perfringens strain jjc, a highly efficient hydrogen producer isolated from landfill leachate sludge. | clostridium perfringens strain jjc is an effective biohydrogen and biochemical producer that was isolated from landfill leachate sludge. here, we present the assembly and annotation of its genome, which may provide further insights into the gene interactions involved in efficient biohydrogen production. | 2014 | 24604637 |
| key design factors affecting microbial community composition and pathogenic organism removal in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. | constructed wetlands constitute an interesting option for wastewater reuse since high concentrations of contaminants and pathogenic microorganisms can be removed with these natural treatment systems. in this work, the role of key design factors which could affect microbial removal and wetland performance, such as granular media, water depth and season effect was evaluated in a pilot system consisting of eight parallel horizontal subsurface flow (hssf) constructed wetlands treating urban wastewat ... | 2014 | 24594738 |
| disease-outcome trees, eq-5d scores, and estimated annual losses of quality-adjusted life years (qalys) for 14 foodborne pathogens in the united states. | measures of disease burden such as quality-adjusted life years (qalys) are increasingly important to risk-based food safety policy. they provide a means of comparing relative risk from diverse health outcomes. we present detailed disease-outcome trees and eq-5d scoring for 14 major foodborne pathogens representing over 95% of foodborne illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths due to specified agents in the united states (campylobacter spp., clostridium perfringens, cryptosporidium parvum, cyclosp ... | 2014 | 24588853 |
| mechanistic investigations of unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase from clostridium perfringens. | experiments were carried out to probe the details of the hydration-initiated hydrolysis catalyzed by the clostridium perfringens unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase of glycoside hydrolase family 88 in the cazy classification system. direct (1)h nmr monitoring of the enzymatic reaction detected no accumulated reaction intermediates in solution, suggesting that rearrangement of the initial hydration product occurs on-enzyme. an attempt at mechanism-based trapping of on-enzyme intermediates using a 1, ... | 2014 | 24573682 |
| growth conditions of clostridium perfringens type b for production of toxins used to obtain veterinary vaccines. | the diseases caused for clostridium perfringens are generically called enterotoxemias because toxins produced in the intestine may be absorbed into the general circulation. c. perfringens type b, grown in batch fermentation, produced toxins used to obtain veterinary vaccines. glucose in concentrations of 1.4-111.1 mm was used to define the culture medium. the minimum concentration for a satisfactory production of vaccines against clostridial diseases was 55.6 mm. best results were brought forth ... | 2014 | 24573216 |
| xylanase supplementation of a wheat-based diet improved nutrient digestion and mrna expression of intestinal nutrient transporters in broiler chickens infected with clostridium perfringens. | necrotic enteritis caused by clostridium perfringens has become prevalent in the european union due to the withdrawal of antibiotics in poultry feed. in an experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, 336 one-day-old male broiler chicks (ross 308) were assigned to 4 groups with or without c. perfringens challenge and fed wheat-based diets supplemented with or without xylanase at 5,500 u/kg of diet. the study aimed to investigate effects of xylanase addition on growth performance as well as nut ... | 2014 | 24570428 |
| two necrotic enteritis predisposing factors, dietary fishmeal and eimeria infection, induce large changes in the caecal microbiota of broiler chickens. | it is widely established that a high-protein fishmeal supplemented starter diet and eimeria infection can predispose birds to the development of clinical necrotic enteritis symptoms following clostridium perfringens infection. however, it has not been clearly established what changes these treatments cause to predispose birds to succumb to necrotic enteritis. we analysed caecal microbiota of 4 groups of broilers (n=12) using deep pyrosequencing of 16s rdna amplicons: (1) control chicks fed a con ... | 2014 | 24522272 |
| contributions of nani sialidase to caco-2 cell adherence by clostridium perfringens type a and c strains causing human intestinal disease. | previous studies showed that clostridium perfringens type d animal disease strain cn3718 uses nani sialidase for adhering to enterocyte-like caco-2 cells. the current study analyzed whether nani is similarly important when type a and c human intestinal disease strains attach to caco-2 cells. a pcr survey determined that the nani gene was absent from typical type a food poisoning (fp) strains carrying a chromosomal enterotoxin (cpe) gene or the genetically related type c darmbrand (db) strains. h ... | 2014 | 25135687 |
| a tripartite cocktail of chimeric monoclonal antibodies passively protects mice against ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin b and clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin. | due to the fast-acting nature of ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb), and clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (etx), it is necessary that therapeutic interventions following a bioterrorism incident by one of these toxins occur as soon as possible after intoxication. moreover, because the clinical manifestations of intoxication by these agents are likely to be indistinguishable from each other, especially following aerosol exposure, we have developed a cocktail of chimeric monoclonal anti ... | 2014 | 25260254 |
| clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin: the third most potent bacterial toxin known. | epsilon toxin (etx) is produced by clostridium perfringens type b and d strains and causes enterotoxemia, a highly lethal disease with major impacts on the farming of domestic ruminants, particularly sheep. etx belongs to the aerolysin-like pore-forming toxin family. although etx has striking similarities to other toxins in this family, etx is often more potent, with an ld50 of 100 ng/kg in mice. due to this high potency, etx is considered as a potential bioterrorism agent and has been classifie ... | 2014 | 25234332 |
| screening of lactobacillus strains of domestic goose origin against bacterial poultry pathogens for use as probiotics. | lactobacilli are natural inhabitants of human and animal mucous membranes, including the avian gastrointestinal tract. recently, increasing attention has been given to their probiotic, health-promoting capacities, among which their antagonistic potential against pathogens plays a key role. a study was conducted to evaluate probiotic properties of lactobacillus strains isolated from feces or cloacae of domestic geese. among the 104 examined isolates, previously identified to the species level by ... | 2014 | 25104766 |
| new amino acid germinants for spores of the enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens type a isolates. | clostridium perfringens spore germination plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of c. perfringens-associated food poisoning (fp) and non-food-borne (nfb) gastrointestinal diseases. germination is initiated when bacterial spores sense specific nutrient germinants (such as amino acids) through germinant receptors (grs). in this study, we aimed to identify and characterize amino acid germinants for spores of enterotoxigenic c. perfringens type a. the polar, uncharged amino acids at ph 6.0 effic ... | 2014 | 25084641 |
| proportion of illness acquired by foodborne transmission for nine enteric pathogens in australia: an expert elicitation. | estimates of the burden of illness acquired from food inform public health policy and prioritize interventions. a key component of such estimates is the proportion of illnesses that are acquired by foodborne transmission. in view of the shortage of requisite data, these proportions are commonly obtained through a process known as expert elicitation. we report findings from an elicitation process used to assess the importance of the foodborne transmission route for nine pathogens in australia, ci ... | 2014 | 25072416 |
| lumbar discitis caused by clostridium perfringens. | we report here a rare case of chronic lumbar discitis caused by clostridium perfringens in an elderly patient that was treated with a combination of β-lactams and clindamycin. molecular analysis performed on the strain revealed an unusual toxin gene pattern. | 2014 | 25056327 |
| structural basis of sialidase in complex with geranylated flavonoids as potent natural inhibitors. | sialidase catalyzes the removal of a terminal sialic acid from glycoconjugates and plays a pivotal role in nutrition, cellular interactions and pathogenesis mediating various infectious diseases including cholera, influenza and sepsis. an array of antiviral sialidase agents have been developed and are commercially available, such as zanamivir and oseltamivir for treating influenza. however, the development of bacterial sialidase inhibitors has been much less successful. here, natural polyphenoli ... | 2014 | 24816104 |
| development of a flow cytometric bead immunoassay and its assessment as a possible aid to potency evaluation of enterotoxaemia vaccines. | enterotoxaemia, an economically important disease of sheep, goats and calves, is caused by systemic effects of the epsilon toxin produced by the anaerobic bacterium clostridium perfringens type d. the only practical means of controlling the occurrence of enterotoxaemia is to immunise animals by vaccination. the vaccine is prepared by deriving a toxoid from the bacterial culture filtrate and the potency of the vaccine is tested with the in vivo mouse neutralisation test (mnt). due to ethical, eco ... | 2014 | 24832497 |
| clostridium perfringens surgical site infection after osteotomy for knee deformity correction in a non-immunocompromised child. | clostridium perfringens myonecrosis following an elective surgical procedure in a previously healthy child is a rare incident. | 2014 | 24828080 |
| a claudin 3 and claudin 4-targeted clostridium perfringens protoxin is selectively cytotoxic to psa-producing prostate cancer cells. | prostate cancer is the second leading cause of non-cutaneous cancer-related death in males, and effective strategies for treatment of metastatic disease are currently limited. the tight junction proteins, claudin 3 and claudin 4, serve as cell-surface receptors for the pore-forming clostridium perfringens enterotoxin [cpe]. most prostate cancer cells overexpress claudin 3 and claudin 4, and claudins are aberrantly distributed over the plasma membrane, making these cells particularly sensitive to ... | 2014 | 24952257 |
| prevention and treatment of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin intoxication in mice with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (c4d7) produced in nicotiana benthamiana. | epsilon toxin (etx), produced by clostridium perfringens types b and d, is among the most lethal toxins known. etx is a potential bioterrorism threat that was listed as a category b agent by the u.s. centers for disease control until 2012 and it still remains a toxin of interest for several government agencies. we produced a monoclonal antibody (mab) against etx (etx mab c4d7) in nicotiana benthamiana and characterized its preventive and therapeutic efficacy in mice. the etx preparation used was ... | 2014 | 24950050 |
| survival of salmonella spp. and fecal indicator bacteria in vietnamese biogas digesters receiving pig slurry. | small-scale biogas digesters are widely promoted worldwide as a sustainable technology to manage livestock manure. in vietnam, pig slurry is commonly applied to biogas digesters for production of gas for electricity and cooking with the effluent being used to fertilize field crops, vegetables and fish ponds. slurry may contain a variety of zoonotic pathogens, e.g. salmonella spp., which are able to cause disease in humans either through direct contact with slurry or by fecal contamination of wat ... | 2014 | 24933419 |
| differential regulation of microrna transcriptome in chicken lines resistant and susceptible to necrotic enteritis disease. | necrotic enteritis (ne) is a re-emerging disease as a result of increased restriction on the use of antibiotics in poultry. however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ne are unclear. small rna transcriptome analysis was performed using spleen and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iel) from 2 inbred chicken lines selected for resistance or susceptibility to marek's disease (md) in an experimentally induced model of avian ne to investigate whether microrna (mirna) contr ... | 2014 | 24879688 |
| effects of in ovo injection with selenium on immune and antioxidant responses during experimental necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. | this study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo injection of se on modulating the immune system and antioxidant responses in broiler chickens with experimental necrotic enteritis. broiler eggs were injected at 18 d of embryo age with either 100 μl of pbs alone or sodium selenite (na2seo3) in pbs, providing 0 (ss0), 10 (ss10), or 20 (ss20) μg of se/egg. at 14 d posthatch, pbs-treated and uninfected chickens were kept as the control group, whereas the remaining chickens were orally i ... | 2014 | 24795303 |
| analysis of genetic similarities between clostridium perfringens isolates isolated from patients with gas gangrene and from hospital environment conducted with the use of the pfge method. | the objective of the study was to perform a comparative analysis of genetic similarity, with the use of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge), of clostridium perfringens isolates originating from patients with gas gangrene and from the hospital environment. the study encompassed two patients with a clinical and microbiological diagnosis of gas gangrene, who were hospitalized in one of the hospitals of the małopolska province in the time period between 31st march 2012 and 18th may 2012. clostri ... | 2014 | 24791817 |
| porcine group a rotaviruses with heterogeneous vp7 and vp4 genotype combinations can be found together with enteric bacteria on belgian swine farms. | group a rotaviruses (rva) are an important cause of diarrhea in young piglets, resulting in significant economic losses. however, the role of rva in the etiology of piglet diarrhea on belgian swine farms was previously unreported. in the present study, different techniques, including fast antigen detection tests, virus isolation, rt-pcr and rt-qpcr have been applied for detection of rva in diarrheic (n=28) and asymptomatic (n=6) fecal samples collected on belgian pig farms. rt-qpcr was shown to ... | 2014 | 24837191 |
| evaluation of clostridium perfringens as a tracer of sewage contamination in sediments by two enumeration methods. | a traditional method of enumerating clostridium perfringens using membrane filtration (mf) as an indicator of fecal contamination was compared to recently developed rapid method using rapid fung double tube (rfdt) in an evaluation to characterize the extent of sewage contamination in sediments of the great lakes. evaluation of these two methods included determining c. perfringens concentrations and recovery efficiencies from sewage, sewage-spiked sediments, and water (surface and bottom) and sed ... | 2014 | 24833022 |
| pathogen exclusion properties of canine probiotics are influenced by the growth media and physical treatments simulating industrial processes. | manufacturing process used in preparation of probiotic products may alter beneficial properties of probiotics. the effect of different growth media and inactivation methods on the protective properties of canine-originated probiotic bacteria against adhesion of canine enteropathogens was investigated. | 2014 | 24779583 |
| synergistic effects of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and beta toxin in rabbit small intestinal loops. | the ability of clostridium perfringens type c to cause human enteritis necroticans (en) is attributed to beta toxin (cpb). however, many en strains also express c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe), suggesting that cpe could be another contributor to en. supporting this possibility, lysate supernatants from modified duncan-strong sporulation (mds) medium cultures of three cpe-positive type c en strains caused enteropathogenic effects in rabbit small intestinal loops, which is significant since cpe i ... | 2014 | 24778117 |
| application of lactobacillus johnsonii expressing phage endolysin for control of clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens is frequently found in food and the environment and produces potent toxins that have a negative impact on both human and animal health and particularly on the poultry industry. lactobacillus johnsonii fi9785, isolated from the chicken gastrointestinal tract, has been demonstrated to exclude cl. perfringens in poultry. we have investigated the interaction of wild-type lact. johnsonii fi9785 or an engineered strain expressing a cell wall-hydrolysing endolysin with cl. perfr ... | 2014 | 24961379 |
| gas-forming liver abscess associated with rapid hemolysis in a diabetic patient. | we experienced a case of liver abscess due to clostridium perfringens (cp) complicated with massive hemolysis and rapid death in an adequately controlled type 2 diabetic patient. the patient died 6 h after his first visit to the hospital. cp was later detected in a blood culture. we searched for case reports of cp septicemia and found 124 cases. fifty patients survived, and 74 died. of the 30 patients with liver abscess, only 3 cases survived following treatment with emergency surgical drainage. ... | 2014 | 24748935 |
| beta2 toxin is not involved in in vitro cell cytotoxicity caused by human and porcine cpb2-harbouring clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens is a common cause of intestinal disease in animals and humans. its pathogenicity is attributed to the toxins it can produce, including the beta2 toxin. the presence of cpb2, the gene encoding the beta2 toxin, has been associated with diarrhoea in neonatal piglets and humans. however, the exact role of the beta2 toxin in the development of diarrhoea is still unknown. in this study we investigated the level of cytotoxicity to porcine ipi-21 and human caco-2 cell-lines cause ... | 2014 | 24768003 |
| towards an understanding of the role of clostridium perfringens toxins in human and animal disease. | clostridium perfringens uses its arsenal of >16 toxins to cause histotoxic and intestinal infections in humans and animals. it has been unclear why this bacterium produces so many different toxins, especially since many target the plasma membrane of host cells. however, it is now established that c. perfringens uses chromosomally encoded alpha toxin (a phospholipase c) and perfringolysin o (a pore-forming toxin) during histotoxic infections. in contrast, this bacterium causes intestinal disease ... | 2014 | 24762309 |
| 'core species' in three sources of indoor air belonging to the human micro-environment to the exclusion of outdoor air. | although we spend the majority of our lives indoors, the airborne microbial content of enclosed spaces still remains inadequately described. the objective of this study was to characterize the bacterial diversity of indoor air in three different enclosed spaces with three levels of occupancy, and, in particular, to highlight the 'core' species, the opportunistic pathogens and their origins. our findings provide an overall description of bacterial diversity in these indoor environments. data gath ... | 2014 | 24747243 |
| effects of melatonin on oxidative stress, and resistance to bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections: a review. | melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, works directly and indirectly as a free radical scavenger. its other physiological or pharmacological activities could be dependent or independent of receptors located in different cells, organs, and tissues. in addition to its role in promoting sleep and circadian rhythms regulation, it has important immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects suggesting that this indole must be considered as a therapeutic alternative against inf ... | 2014 | 24811367 |
| perfringolysin o structure and mechanism of pore formation as a paradigm for cholesterol-dependent cytolysins. | cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (cdcs) constitute a family of pore forming toxins secreted by gram-positive bacteria. these toxins form transmembrane pores by inserting a large β-barrel into cholesterol-containing membrane bilayers. binding of water-soluble cdcs to the membrane triggers the formation of oligomers containing 35-50 monomers. the coordinated insertion of more than seventy β-hairpins into the membrane requires multiple structural conformational changes. perfringolysin o (pfo), secr ... | 2014 | 24798008 |
| haemorhagic enterotoxemia by clostridium perfringens type c and type a in silver foxes. | type c and type a of c. perfringens were detected in the seat of natural infections in silver foxes characterized by symptoms of haemorrhagic enterotoxemia. in all of the dead foxes characteristic changes were noted in the small intestine and parenchymatous organs. the production of alpha and beta toxins by isolated bacteria was confirmed by the bioassay using white mice and by pcr. the results of the drug sensitivity testing showed that isolated strains were highly susceptible to amoxicillin wi ... | 2014 | 24724490 |
| complication of invasive molar pregnancy with clostridium perfringens sepsis. | clostridium perfringens (cp) is an anaerobic, gram-positive bacillus associated with malignant diseases and near-term pregnancies. the necrotic tissue that results from these disease processes fuels the proliferation of cp, leading to gas gangrene and subsequently sepsis. herein, we report a case of a 41-year-old female patient with a history of invasive molar pregnancy that was further complicated with a cp infection. although past research has shown a link between clostridium infection and cho ... | 2014 | 24716030 |
| retinal microvascular damage and vasogenic edema produced by clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin in rats. | when the brain is exposed to large circulating levels of clostridium perfringens type d epsilon toxin (ext), microvascular damage with resulting severe, generalized, vasogenic edema seems to be principally responsible for the ensuing acute, and frequently fatal, neurologic disorder. however, although the blood-retinal barrier resembles in many respects the blood-brain barrier, retinal changes in livestock with acute epsilon intoxication have not, to the authors' knowledge, been previously report ... | 2014 | 24741023 |
| infectious diseases in large-scale cat hoarding investigations. | animal hoarders accumulate animals in over-crowded conditions without adequate nutrition, sanitation, and veterinary care. as a result, animals rescued from hoarding frequently have a variety of medical conditions including respiratory infections, gastrointestinal disease, parasitism, malnutrition, and other evidence of neglect. the purpose of this study was to characterize the infectious diseases carried by clinically affected cats and to determine the prevalence of retroviral infections among ... | 2014 | 24934262 |
| liver abscess caused by clostridium perfringens. | 2014 | 24739619 | |
| microbiological and chemical evaluation of helix spp. snails from local and non-eu markets, utilised as food in sardinia. | with this study, 28 pools of snails of the genus helix, respectively helix aspersa (n=24) and helix vermiculata (n=4) were analysed. they were taken from snail farming and stores. the snails were from sardinia, other regions of italy, and from abroad. all the samples were examined as pool looking for these microbiological target: salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157, clostridium perfringens, norovirus and hepatitis a virus (hav). in the same pools, the concentration of ... | 2014 | 27800346 |
| effects of long-term heat stress in an experimental model of avian necrotic enteritis. | stressful conditions are predisposing factors for disease development. heat stress is one of the most important stressors in poultry production. the reemergence of some previously controlled diseases [e.g., avian necrotic enteritis (ne)] has been extensively reported. the combination of bacterial infection and certain environmental factors have been reported to trigger the disease. the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of long-term heat stress (35 ± 1°c) on the development of ne in br ... | 2014 | 24879684 |
| investigating an outbreak of clostridium perfringens gastroenteritis in a school using smartphone technology, london, march 2013. | on 22 march 2013, 150 of 1,255 students (13–17 years) and staff at a school in london reported gastrointestinal symptoms; onset peaked 8 to 12 hours after a lunch served in the school on 21 march. we performed a retrospective cohort study of all students and staff. we defined cases as school attenders on 20 and 21 march with onset of gastrointestinal symptoms between 20 and 23 march. we tested food, environmental and stool samples of cases for common pathogens and bacterial toxins. we administer ... | 2014 | 24852955 |
| necrotic enteritis in chickens: development of a straightforward disease model system. | the interaction between eimeria species and clostridium perfringens was investigated in two different necrotic enteritis (ne) models: 120-day-old broilers were used in two separate experiments consisting of six groups (n=10) each. besides controls, chickens were infected with coccidia on study day (sd) 18 (eimeria maxima and eimeria acervulina (experiment 1) or eimeria tenella and eimeria brunetti (experiment 2) and/or a netb toxin positive c perfringens strain (both experiments: sd 14 or sd 22, ... | 2014 | 24714053 |
| clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin mutant y30a-y196a as a recombinant vaccine candidate against enterotoxemia. | epsilon toxin (etx) is a β-pore-forming toxin produced by clostridium perfringens toxinotypes b and d and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of enterotoxemia, a severe, often fatal disease of ruminants that causes significant economic losses to the farming industry worldwide. this study aimed to determine the potential of a site-directed mutant of etx (y30a-y196a) to be exploited as a recombinant vaccine against enterotoxemia. replacement of y30 and y196 with alanine generated a stable variant ... | 2014 | 24709588 |
| hypermotility in clostridium perfringens strain sm101 is due to spontaneous mutations in genes linked to cell division. | clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive anaerobic pathogen of humans and animals. although they lack flagella, c. perfringens bacteria can still migrate across surfaces using a type of gliding motility that involves the formation of filaments of bacteria lined up in an end-to-end conformation. in strain sm101, hypermotile variants are often found arising from the edges of colonies on agar plates. hypermotile cells are longer than wild-type cells, and video microscopy of their gliding motility ... | 2014 | 24748614 |
| the impact of major earthquakes and subsequent sewage discharges on the microbial quality of water and sediments in an urban river. | a series of large earthquakes struck the city of christchurch, new zealand in 2010-2011. major damage sustained by the sewerage infrastructure required direct discharge of up to 38,000 m(3)/day of raw sewage into the avon river of christchurch for approximately six months. this allowed evaluation of the relationship between concentrations of indicator microorganisms (escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens and f-rna phage) and pathogens (campylobacter, giardia and cryptosporidium) in recreatio ... | 2014 | 24747258 |
| structure and stability of an azoreductase with an fad cofactor from the strict anaerobe clostridium perfringens. | azoreductase enzymes present in many microorganisms exhibit the ability to reduce azo dyes, an abundant industrial pollutant, to produce carcinogenic metabolites that threaten human health. all biochemically-characterized azoreductases, around 30 to date, have been isolated from aerobic bacteria, except for azoc, the azoreductase of clostridium perfringens, which is from a strictly anaerobic bacterium. azoc is a recently biochemically-characterized azoreductase. the lack of structural informatio ... | 2014 | 24779771 |
| perfrin, a novel bacteriocin associated with netb positive clostridium perfringens strains from broilers with necrotic enteritis. | necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens is associated with netb positive clostridium perfringens type a strains. it is known that c. perfringens strains isolated from outbreaks of necrotic enteritis are more capable of secreting factors inhibiting growth of other c. perfringens strains than strains isolated from the gut of healthy chickens. this characteristic could lead to extensive and selective presence of a strain that contains the genetic make-up enabling to secrete toxins that cause gut les ... | 2014 | 24708344 |
| heterologous protection against alpha toxins of clostridium perfringens and staphylococcus aureus induced by binding domain recombinant chimeric protein. | clostridium perfringens and staphylococcus aureus are the two important bacteria frequently associated with majority of the soft tissue infections. the severity and progression of the diseases caused by these pathogens are attributed primarily to the alpha toxins they produce. previously, we synthesized a non-toxic chimeric molecule r-αcs encompassing the binding domains of c. perfringens and s. aureus alpha toxins and demonstrated that the r-αcs hyperimmune polysera reacts with both the native ... | 2014 | 24699467 |
| [spondylodiscitis due to clostridium perfringens]. | 2014 | 24684888 | |
| clostridium perfringens challenge and dietary fat type affect broiler chicken performance and fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract. | the aim of the present work was to examine how different fats commonly used in the feed industry affect broiler performance, nutrient digestibility and microbial fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens challenged with virulent clostridium perfringens strains. two experiments were carried out, each including 480-day-old male broilers (ross 308), which were randomly distributed to eight experimental groups using six replicate pens per treatment and 10 birds per pen. in exper ... | 2014 | 24674938 |
| x-ray structure of a novel endolysin encoded by episomal phage phism101 of clostridium perfringens. | gram-positive bacteria possess a thick cell wall composed of a mesh polymer of peptidoglycans, which provides physical protection. endolysins encoded by phages infecting bacteria can hydrolyse peptidoglycans in the bacterial cell wall, killing the host bacteria immediately. the endolysin (psm) encoded by episomal phage phism101 of enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens type a strain sm101 exhibits potent lytic activity towards most strains of clostridium perfringens. psm has an n-terminal catal ... | 2014 | 24674022 |
| bec, a novel enterotoxin of clostridium perfringens found in human clinical isolates from acute gastroenteritis outbreaks. | clostridium perfringens is a causative agent of food-borne gastroenteritis for which c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) has been considered an essential factor. recently, we experienced two outbreaks of food-borne gastroenteritis in which non-cpe producers of c. perfringens were strongly suspected to be the cause. here, we report a novel enterotoxin produced by c. perfringens isolates, bec (binary enterotoxin of c. perfringens). culture supernatants of the c. perfringens strains showed fluid-accum ... | 2014 | 24664508 |
| empathy dolls: are they a source of cross-contamination between patients? | following a cluster of two patients with identical strains of clostridium perfringens prosthetic joint infections on an ortho-geriatric ward in a teaching hospital in england, investigations were conducted into infection control practices. it emerged that empathy dolls were being used to help alleviate agitation in dementia patients; this had been introduced without consultation with the infection prevention and control team. environmental testing of the doll pre and post laundry at different te ... | 2014 | 24661788 |
| molecular analysis of infant fecal microbiota in an asian at-risk cohort-correlates with infant and childhood eczema. | studies have suggested that selective microbial targets prevail in the fecal microbiota of infants with eczema. this study evaluated the composition of fecal microbiota of infants who developed eczema in the first 5 years of life and compared these with those of healthy controls. | 2014 | 24650346 |
| clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin damages the rabbit colon. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin causes the gastrointestinal (gi) symptoms of c. perfringens type a food poisoning and cpe-associated non-food-borne human gi diseases. it is well established that cpe induces fluid accumulation and severe tissue damage in ligated small intestinal loops of rabbits and other animals. however, a previous study had also reported that cpe binds to rabbit colonic cells yet does not significantly affect rabbit colonic loops. to the contrary, the current study determi ... | 2014 | 24643537 |
| membrane vesicles of clostridium perfringens type a strains induce innate and adaptive immunity. | vesicle shedding from bacteria is a universal process in most gram-negative bacteria and a few gram-positive bacteria. in this report, we isolate extracellular membrane vesicles (mvs) from the supernatants of gram-positive pathogen clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens). we demonstrated vesicle production in a variety of virulent and nonvirulent type a strains. mvs did not contain alpha-toxin and netb toxin demonstrated by negative reaction to specific antibody and absence of specific proteins ... | 2014 | 24631214 |
| lactose-inducible system for metabolic engineering of clostridium ljungdahlii. | the development of tools for genetic manipulation of clostridium ljungdahlii has increased its attractiveness as a chassis for autotrophic production of organic commodities and biofuels from syngas and microbial electrosynthesis and established it as a model organism for the study of the basic physiology of acetogenesis. in an attempt to expand the genetic toolbox for c. ljungdahlii, the possibility of adapting a lactose-inducible system for gene expression, previously reported for clostridium p ... | 2014 | 24509933 |
| [benign subcutaneous emphysema after nail penetration. case report and important differential diagnoses]. | crepitus under the skin after penetrating injuries: harmless benign subcutaneous emphysema or life-threatening infection with gas-producing bacteria (gas gangrene because of clostridium perfringens, crepitating cellulitis because of anaerobic streptococcus or other coliforme bacteria)? we report a case of a 74-year-old male who developed massive crepitation of the left upper extremity and the lateral thoracic wall and mediastinal emphysema after sustaining a laceration of the left thumb and fore ... | 2014 | 23703620 |
| expression and delivery of an endolysin to combat clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens is a cause for increasing concern due to its responsibility for severe infections both in humans and animals, especially poultry. to find new control strategies to treat c. perfringens infection, we investigated the activity and delivery of a bacteriophage endolysin. we identified a new endolysin, designated cp25l, which shows similarity to an n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase domain and is distinct from other c. perfringens endolysins whose activity has been demonstrate ... | 2014 | 23942878 |
| diagnostic exercise: hemolysis and sudden death in lambs. | within a 24-hour period, 7 out of 200 three- to four-week-old pastured katahdin lambs died after showing clinical signs of hemoglobinuria, red-tinged feces, weakness, and recumbency. one of the lambs that was examined clinically before natural death also had abdominal pain, trembling, tachycardia, and severe anemia with a packed cell volume of 4%. pathologic findings included icterus, hemoglobinuric nephrosis, dark red urine, pulmonary edema, hydrothorax, splenomegaly, and acute centrilobular to ... | 2014 | 23978840 |
| gas gangrene caused by clostridium perfringens involving the liver, spleen, and heart in a man 20 years after an orthotopic liver transplant: a case report. | despite advances in immunosuppression and liver transplant in the past, mortality and morbidity caused by infections remain major problems. we present a 71-year-old man who was admitted to our internal intensive care unit with septicemia. upon admission, he had poorly localized epigastric pain and fever of 2 days ' duration. twenty years earlier, he had undergone an orthotopic liver transplant. testing revealed a high c-reactive protein level, elevated liver enzymes, and an acute kidney injury. ... | 2014 | 23962047 |
| use of an online survey during an outbreak of clostridium perfringens in a retirement community-arizona, 2012. | an outbreak of gastrointestinal (gi) illness among retirement community residents was reported to the maricopa county department of public health. online surveys can be useful for rapid investigation of disease outbreaks, especially when local health departments lack time and resources to perform telephone interviews. online survey utility among older populations, which may lack computer access or literacy, has not been defined. | 2014 | 23760307 |
| infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in fish by-products is inactivated with inorganic acid (ph 1) and base (ph 12). | the aquaculture industry needs a simple, inexpensive and safe method for the treatment of fish waste without heat. microbial inactivation by inorganic acid (hcl) or base (koh) was determined using infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) as a model organism for fish pathogens. salmonella and spores of clostridium perfringens were general hygiene indicators in supplementary examinations. ipnv, which is considered to be among the most chemical- and heat-resistant fish pathogens, was reduced by ... | 2014 | 23617746 |
| anaerobic bacteria grow within candida albicans biofilms and induce biofilm formation in suspension cultures. | the human microbiome contains diverse microorganisms, which share and compete for the same environmental niches. a major microbial growth form in the human body is the biofilm state, where tightly packed bacterial, archaeal, and fungal cells must cooperate and/or compete for resources in order to survive. we examined mixed biofilms composed of the major fungal species of the gut microbiome, candida albicans, and each of five prevalent bacterial gastrointestinal inhabitants: bacteroides fragilis, ... | 2014 | 25308076 |
| evaluation of the in vitro activity of levornidazole, its metabolites and comparators against clinical anaerobic bacteria. | this study evaluated the in vitro anti-anaerobic activity and spectrum of levornidazole, its metabolites and comparators against 375 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria, including gram-negative bacilli (181 strains), gram-negative cocci (11 strains), gram-positive bacilli (139 strains) and gram-positive cocci (44 strains), covering 34 species. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of levornidazole, its five metabolites and three comparators against these anaerobic isolates were determined ... | 2014 | 25301712 |
| cytotoxicity comparison of quercetin and its metabolites from in vitro fermentation of several gut bacteria. | part of quercetin is coerced into the colon after ingestion and interacts with the gut microbiota. the interaction between quercetin and gut microbiota will influence human health. the cytotoxicity of quercetin and its metabolites from human gut bacteria in vitro fermentation was investigated in this study. the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) (mtt) and agar diffusion disc methods were individually applied in vitro to examine their inhibitory effect on three cultured ... | 2014 | 25015032 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria in ontario, 2010-2011. | the local epidemiology of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in anaerobic bacteria is important in guiding the empiric treatment of infections. however, susceptibility data are very limited on anaerobic organisms, particularly among non-bacteroides organisms. to determine susceptibility profiles of clinically-significant anaerobic bacteria in ontario canada, anaerobic isolates from sterile sites submitted to public health ontario laboratory (phol) for identification and susceptibility testing ... | 2014 | 24923267 |
| role of a bacillus subtilis direct-fed microbial on digesta viscosity, bacterial translocation, and bone mineralization in turkey poults fed with a rye-based diet. | rye contains high concentrations of non-starch polysaccharides (nsps), leading to reduced digestibility. since poultry have little or no endogenous enzymes capable of hydrolyzing these nsp, exogenous carbohydrases as feed additives are used in an attempt to reduce the anti-nutritional effects of these polysaccharides. previously, an in vitro study conducted in our laboratory showed that inclusion of certain bacillus direct-fed microbial (dfm) candidates that produce exogenous phytase, lipase, pr ... | 2014 | 26664925 |
| a pks i gene-based screening approach for the discovery of a new polyketide from penicillium citrinum salicorn 46. | salicorn 46, an endophytic fungus isolated from salicornia herbacea torr., was identified as penicillium citrinum based on its internal transcribed spacer and ribosomal large-subunit dna sequences using a type i polyketide synthase (pks i) gene screening approach. a new polyketide, penicitriketo (1), and seven known compounds, including ergone (2), (3β,5α,8α,22e)-5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,9,22-trien-3-ol (3), (3β,5α,8α,22e)-5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol (4), stigmasta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6α-triol ... | 2014 | 24535256 |
| characterization of bacteriocin like inhibitory substance produced by a new strain brevibacillus borstelensis ag1 isolated from 'marcha'. | in the present study, a bacterium isolated from marcha- a herbal cake used as traditional starter culture to ferment local wine in north east india, was evaluated for bacteriocin like inhibitory substance production and was tested against six food borne/spoilage causing pathogens viz. listeria monocytogenes mtcc 839, bacillus subtilis mtcc 121, clostridium perfringens mtcc 450, staphylococcus aureus, lactobacillus plantarum and leuconostoc mesenteroides mtcc 107 by using bit/disc method followed ... | 2014 | 25477937 |
| effect of bacillus subtilis c-3102 spores as a probiotic feed supplement on growth performance, noxious gas emission, and intestinal microflora in broilers. | bacillus subtilis c-3102 has been used as a direct-fed microbial or probiotic product since 1986 to improve production performance in broilers worldwide. this study was conducted to determine and confirm the effect of b. subtilis c-3102 spore supplementation to feed on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass quality, blood profiles, noxious gas emission, and intestinal and excreta microflora in broilers. a total of 816 one-day-old male ross 308 broilers (46.06 ± 0.67 g) were used in ... | 2014 | 25260523 |
| effects of salinomycin and bacillus subtilis on growth performance and immune responses in broiler chickens. | the present study was undertaken to compare the effect of salinomycin and bacillus subtilis on growth performance, serum antibody levels against clostridium spp. and eimeria spp., and cytokine mrna expression levels in broiler chickens raised in the used litter. broiler chickens fed a diet containing salinomycin showed lower (p < 0.05) body weights compared with the control diet-fed counterparts. serum nitric oxide levels were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in chickens fed the b. subtilis-enr ... | 2014 | 25135491 |
| antimicrobial activity of traditional medicinal plants from ankober district, north shewa zone, amhara region, ethiopia. | traditional medicinal plants have long been used in ethiopia to treat human and livestock ailments. despite a well-documented rich tradition of medicinal plant use in the country, their direct antimicrobial effects are still poorly known. | 2014 | 24392738 |
| virulence plasmids of spore-forming bacteria. | plasmid-encoded virulence factors are important in the pathogenesis of diseases caused by spore-forming bacteria. unlike many other bacteria, the most common virulence factors encoded by plasmids in clostridium and bacillus species are protein toxins. clostridium perfringens causes several histotoxic and enterotoxin diseases in both humans and animals and produces a broad range of toxins, including many pore-forming toxins such as c. perfringens enterotoxin, epsilon-toxin, beta-toxin, and netb. ... | 2014 | 26104459 |
| isolation and identification of quercetin degrading bacteria from human fecal microbes. | quercetin has a wide range of biological properties. the gut microflora can often modulate its biological activity and their potential health effects. there still is a lack of information about gut bacteria involving in this process. the strains of gut microbes from human feces that can transform quercetin were isolated and identified by in vitro fermentation. the results showed that escherichia coli, stretococcus lutetiensis, lactobacillus acidophilus, weissella confusa, enterococcus gilvus, cl ... | 2014 | 24594786 |
| comparison of two methods of bacterial dna extraction from human fecal samples contaminated with clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhimurium, and campylobacter jejuni. | in this study, 2 methods of dna extraction were evaluated for use in conjunction with the screening system rapid foodborne bacterial screening 24 (rfbs24), which employs multiplex real-time sybr green polymerase chain reaction (sg-pcr) and can simultaneously detect 24 target genes of foodborne pathogens in fecal dna samples. the qiaamp dna stool mini kit (qkit) and ultra clean fecal dna isolation kit (ukit) were used for bacterial dna extraction from fecal samples artificially inoculated with cl ... | 2014 | 25410559 |
| feed supplementation with red seaweeds, chondrus crispus and sarcodiotheca gaudichaudii, affects performance, egg quality, and gut microbiota of layer hens. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of red seaweed supplementation to standard poultry diets on production performance, egg quality, intestinal histology, and cecal short-chain fatty acids in lohmann brown classic laying hens. a total of 160 birds were randomly assigned to 8 treatment groups. control hens were fed a basal layer diet; positive control hens were fed a diet containing 2% inulin; and 6 treatment groups were fed a diet containing one of the following; 0. ... | 2014 | 25352682 |
| presence of infectious agents and co-infections in diarrheic dogs determined with a real-time polymerase chain reaction-based panel. | infectious diarrhea can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or protozoan organisms, or a combination of these. the identification of co-infections in dogs is important to determine the prognosis and to plan strategies for their treatment and prophylaxis. although many pathogens have been individually detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr), a comprehensive panel of agents that cause diarrhea in privately owned dogs has not yet been established. the objective of this study was to use ... | 2014 | 24433321 |
| essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity of angelica archangelica l. (apiaceae) roots. | in this paper, the chemical composition and the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of angelica archangelica l. (apiaceae) roots from central italy were analyzed. the major constituents of the oil were α-pinene (21.3%), δ-3-carene (16.5%), limonene (16.4%) and α-phellandrene (8.7%). the oil shows a good antimicrobial activity against clostridium difficile, clostridium perfringens, enterococcus faecalis, eubacterium limosum, peptostreptococcus anaerobius, and candida albicans with minimum ... | 2014 | 24788027 |
| surveillance for zoonotic and selected pathogens in harbor seals phoca vitulina from central california. | the infection status of harbor seals phoca vitulina in central california, usa, was evaluated through broad surveillance for pathogens in stranded and wild-caught animals from 2001 to 2008, with most samples collected in 2007 and 2008. stranded animals from mendocino county to san luis obispo county were sampled at a rehabilitation facility: the marine mammal center (tmmc, n = 175); wild-caught animals were sampled at 2 locations: san francisco bay (sf, n = 78) and tomales bay (tb, n = 97), that ... | 2014 | 25266897 |
| clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile in cooked beef sold in côte d'ivoire and their antimicrobial susceptibility. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens in cooked beef sold in the streets in côte d'ivoire and their antimicrobial susceptibility. a total of 395 kidney and flesh samples of cooked beef were collected from vendors at abidjan and subjected to c. difficile and c. perfringens isolation and identification by using biochemical tests, api 20a system and pcr detection. subsequently, the antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed fo ... | 2014 | 24944124 |
| biofilms of clostridium species. | the biofilm is a microbial community embedded in a synthesized matrix and is the main bacterial way of life. a biofilm adheres on surfaces or is found on interfaces. it protects bacteria from the environment, toxic molecules and may have a role in virulence. clostridium species are spread throughout both environments and hosts, but their biofilms have not been extensively described in comparison with other bacterial species. in this review we describe all biofilms formed by clostridium species d ... | 2014 | 25242197 |
| haemorrhagic toxin and lethal toxin from clostridium sordellii strain vpi9048: molecular characterization and comparative analysis of substrate specificity of the large clostridial glucosylating toxins. | large clostridial glucosylating toxins (lcgts) are produced by toxigenic strains of clostridium difficile, clostridium perfringens, clostridium novyi and clostridium sordellii. while most c. sordellii strains solely produce lethal toxin (tcsl), c. sordellii strain vpi9048 co-produces both hemorrhagic toxin (tcsh) and tcsl. here, the sequences of tcsh-9048 and tcsl-9048 are provided, showing that both toxins retain conserved lcgt features and that tcsl and tcsh are highly related to toxin a (tcda ... | 2014 | 24905543 |
| expression of the large clostridial toxins is controlled by conserved regulatory mechanisms. | the clostridia cause many human and animal diseases, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. host damage results from the action of potent exotoxins, an important group of which is the large clostridial toxins (lcts) produced by clostridium difficile, clostridium sordellii, clostridium perfringens and clostridium novyi. knowledge of the structure and function of these toxins has been attained, however, apart from c. difficile, the regulatory pathways that control lct production remain ... | 2014 | 25190355 |
| clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens from wild carnivore species in brazil. | despite some case reports, the importance of clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile for wild carnivores remains unclear. thus, the objective of this study was to identify c. perfringens and c. difficile strains in stool samples from wild carnivore species in brazil. a total of 34 stool samples were collected and subjected to c. perfringens and c. difficile isolation. suggestive colonies of c. perfringens were then analyzed for genes encoding the major c. perfringens toxins (alpha, bet ... | 2014 | 24979683 |
| the effect of new neonatal porcine diarrhoea syndrome (nnpds) on average daily gain and mortality in 4 danish pig herds. | the study evaluated the effect of new neonatal porcine diarrhoea syndrome (nnpds) on average daily gain (adg) and mortality and described the clinical manifestations in four herds suffering from the syndrome. nnpds is a diarrhoeic syndrome affecting piglets within the first week of life, which is not caused by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) type a/c, clostridium difficile (c. difficile), rotavirus a, coronavirus, cystoisospora suis, strongyloide ... | 2014 | 24755093 |