Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| characterization, validation and application of a dna microarray for the detection of mandatory and other waterborne pathogens. | culture methods for the detection of indicator bacteria are currently used for detection of waterborne bacteria. the need for an increased range of analyzed bacteria coupled with the obtainment of rapid and early results justify the development of a dna microarray for the identification of waterborne pathogens. this dna microarray has 16 implanted probes with a median size of 147 bases, targeting 12 different parameters, including all mandatory indicator microorganisms, such as escherichia coli, ... | 2015 | 25998249 |
| assessing the performance of clostridium perfringens cooling models for cooked, uncured meat and poultry products. | heat-resistant spores of clostridium perfringens may germinate and multiply in cooked meat and poultry products when the rate and extent of cooling does not occur in a timely manner. therefore, six cooling models (pmp 7.0 broth model; pmip uncured beef, chicken, and pork models; smith-schaffner version 3; and uk ifr combase perfringens predictor) were evaluated for relative performance in predicting growth of c. perfringens under dynamic temperature conditions encountered during cooling of cooke ... | 2015 | 26219365 |
| parasitic gastroenteritis in lambs widespread. | parasitic gastroenteritis diagnosed in lambs by all veterinary investigation centres, clostridium perfringens epsilon enterotoxaemia suspected in two cows, comparative quarterly porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome diagnoses reach a 10-year peak, failure of an entire colony of gulls in cumbria, endoparasitism the predominant feature in exotic farmed animals, these are among matters discussed in the animal and plant health agency's (apha's) disease surveillance report for september 2014. | 2015 | 25614548 |
| no difference in fecal levels of bacteria or short chain fatty acids in humans, when consuming fruit juice beverages containing fruit fiber, fruit polyphenols, and their combination. | this study examined the effect of a boysenberry beverage (750 mg polyphenols), an apple fiber beverage (7.5 g dietary fiber), and a boysenberry plus apple fiber beverage (750 mg polyphenols plus 7.5 g dietary fiber) on gut health. twenty-five individuals completed the study. the study was a placebo-controlled crossover study, where every individual consumed 1 of the 4 treatments in turn. each treatment phase was 4-week long and was followed by a 2-week washout period. the trial beverages were 35 ... | 2015 | 25530011 |
| high stocking density as a predisposing factor for necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks. | stocking density is a management factor which has critical implications for the poultry industry. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high stocking density as a predisposing factor in an experimental model of necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks. the experimental challenge model included an oral inoculation with 10-fold dose of attenuated anticoccidial vaccine and multiple oral inoculations with a specific strain of clostridium perfringens. two hundred and forty as hatc ... | 2015 | 25563065 |
| clinico-pathological findings of clostridium perfringens type d enterotoxaemia in goats and its hemolytic activity in different erythrocytes. | the present investigation was conducted to study the effects of experimental clostridium perfringens type d enterotoxaemia in teddy goats. clinical signs started to appear after 30 min of experimental infection like anorexia, diarrhea, dehydration, frothing and dyspnea. gross lesions consisted of severe congestion in tissues of varying intensity with enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes while histological examination revealed edema of lungs, kidney, and lymph nodes and to some extent in brain along w ... | 2015 | 27175159 |
| identification and characterization of clostridium perfringens beta toxin variants with differing trypsin sensitivity and in vitro cytotoxicity activity. | by producing toxins, clostridium perfringens causes devastating diseases of both humans and animals. c. perfringens beta toxin (cpb) is the major virulence determinant for type c infections and is also implicated in type b infections, but little is known about the cpb structure-function relationship. amino acid sequence comparisons of the cpbs made by 8 randomly selected isolates identified two natural variant toxins with four conserved amino acid changes, including a switch of e to k at positio ... | 2015 | 25643999 |
| an assessment of the human health impact of seven leading foodborne pathogens in the united states using disability adjusted life years. | we explored the overall impact of foodborne disease caused by seven leading foodborne pathogens in the united states using the disability adjusted life year (daly). we defined health states for each pathogen (acute illness and sequelae) and estimated the average annual incidence of each health state using data from public health surveillance and previously published estimates from studies in the united states, canada and europe. these pathogens caused about 112 000 dalys annually due to foodborn ... | 2015 | 25633631 |
| correction for chen et al., epsilon-toxin production by clostridium perfringens type d strain cn3718 is dependent upon the agr operon but not the virs/virr two-component regulatory system. | 2015 | 25626909 | |
| inflammatory responses to a clostridium perfringens type a strain and α-toxin in primary intestinal epithelial cells of chicken embryos. | the causative pathogen of necrotic enteritis is the gram-positive bacterium clostridium perfringens. its main cell wall component, peptidoglycan (pgn), can be recognized by toll-like receptor 2 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (nod). consequently, the immune response is initiated via activation of nuclear factor kappa b (nf-κb) signalling pathway. an in vitro study was conducted to investigate chicken intestinal inflammatory responses to c. perfringens type a and one of its virulenc ... | 2015 | 25584964 |
| effects of dietary selenium on host response to necrotic enteritis in young broilers. | the effects of dietary supplementation of young broiler chickens with an organic selenium (se) formulation, b-traxim se, on experimental necrotic enteritis (ne) were studied. chickens treated with three se doses (0.25, 0.50, 1.00 mg/kg) from hatch were orally challenged with eimeria maxima at 14 days of age followed by clostridium perfringens to induce ne. chickens fed with 0.50 mg/kg se showed significantly increased body weights and antibody levels against netb, and significantly reduced gut l ... | 2015 | 25575447 |
| identification of tyrosine 71 as a critical residue for the cytotoxic activity of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin towards mdck cells. | clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (etx) is an extremely potent toxin, causing fatal enterotoxaemia in many animals. several amino acids in domains i and ii have been proposed to be critical for etx to interact with mdck cells. however, the critical amino acids in domain iii remain undefined. therefore, we assessed the effects of aromatic amino acids in domain iii on etx activity in this study. all of the results indicated that y71 was critical for the cytotoxic activity of etx towards mdck c ... | 2015 | 25626370 |
| dynamic determination of kinetic parameters, computer simulation, and probabilistic analysis of growth of clostridium perfringens in cooked beef during cooling. | the objective of this research was to develop a new one-step methodology that uses a dynamic approach to directly construct a tertiary model for prediction of the growth of clostridium perfringens in cooked beef. this methodology was based on simultaneous numerical analysis and optimization of both primary and secondary models using multiple dynamic growth curves obtained under different conditions. once the models were constructed, the bootstrap method was used to calculate the 95% confidence i ... | 2015 | 25500276 |
| one-carbon metabolic pathway rewiring in escherichia coli reveals an evolutionary advantage of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (fhs) in survival under hypoxia. | in cells, n(10)-formyltetrahydrofolate (n(10)-fthf) is required for formylation of eubacterial/organellar initiator trna and purine nucleotide biosynthesis. biosynthesis of n(10)-fthf is catalyzed by 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase (fold) and/or 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (fhs). all eubacteria possess fold, but some possess both fold and fhs. however, the reasons for possessing fhs in addition to fold have remained unclear. we used escherichia coli, which n ... | 2015 | 25448816 |
| genomic analyses of clostridium perfringens isolates from five toxinotypes. | clostridium perfringens can be isolated from a range of environments, including soil, marine and fresh water sediments, and the gastrointestinal tracts of animals and humans. some c. perfringens strains have attractive industrial applications, e.g., in the degradation of waste products or the production of useful chemicals. however, c. perfringens has been most studied as the causative agent of a range of enteric and soft tissue infections of varying severities in humans and animals. host prefer ... | 2015 | 25445567 |
| determination of the clostridium perfringens-binding site on fibronectin. | the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (fn) is known to bind to the surface of clostridium perfringens cells. fn is a disulfide-linked homodimer protein, with each fn polypeptide consisting of three types of repeating modules: 12 type i, 2 type ii, and 15-17 type iii modules. to determine the epitope on fn recognized by c. perfringens cells, anti-fn monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and various fn fragments (iii2-10, riii2-4, riii5-7, riii8, riii9, riii10) were employed. although two c. perfrin ... | 2015 | 25433150 |
| regulation of toxin gene expression in clostridium perfringens. | the gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped clostridium perfringens is widely distributed in nature, especially in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. c. perfringens causes clostridial myonecrosis (or gas gangrene), enteritis and enterotoxemia in humans and livestock by producing numerous extracellular toxins and enzymes. the toxin gene expression is regulated by a two-component regulatory system and regulatory rna virr/virs-vr-rna cascade. the virr/virs system ... | 2015 | 25303832 |
| clostridium perfringens endophthalmitis after penetrating keratoplasty with contaminated corneal allografts: a case series. | to report the postoperative clinical course of 3 patients who underwent corneal transplantation with corneal allografts contaminated with clostridium perfringens and to evaluate the risk factors for anaerobic contamination in 2 donors. | 2015 | 25393093 |
| detection and molecular typing of clostridium perfringens isolates from beef, chicken and turkey meats. | here we describe a study investigating the presence of clostridium perfringens strains in meat samples and the toxin genes in the isolates by pcr. this study, for the first time, demonstrated the presence of c. perfringens type e in turkey meats, while c. perfringens type c strains isolated from chicken meats. | 2015 | 25460196 |
| dietary sodium selenite affects host intestinal and systemic immune response and disease susceptibility to necrotic enteritis in commercial broilers. | 1. this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementary dietary selenium (se) given as sodium selenite on host immune response against necrotic enteritis (ne) in commercial broiler chickens. 2. chicks were fed from hatching on a non-supplemented diet or diets supplemented with different levels of se (0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 se mg/kg). to induce ne, broiler chickens were orally infected with eimeria maxima at 14 d of age and then with clostridium perfringens 4 d later using our previously establi ... | 2015 | 25387235 |
| sialidase production and genetic diversity in clostridium perfringens type a isolated from chicken with necrotic enteritis in brazil. | the sialidase activity and genetic diversity of 22 clostridium perfringens strains isolated from chickens with necrotic enteritis were determined. sialidase activity was detected in 86.4 % of the strains. all c. perfringens showed a high value of similarity (>96 %), and they were grouped into seven clusters clearly separated from the other reference bacterial strains. from these clusters four patterns were defined in accordance with their phenotypic (sialidase production and antibiotic resistanc ... | 2015 | 25373329 |
| epsilon toxin from clostridium perfringens acts on oligodendrocytes without forming pores, and causes demyelination. | epsilon toxin (et) is produced by clostridium perfringens types b and d and causes severe neurological disorders in animals. et has been observed binding to white matter, suggesting that it may target oligodendrocytes. in primary cultures containing oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, we found that et (10(-9) m and 10(-7) m) binds to oligodendrocytes, but not to astrocytes. et induces an increase in extracellular glutamate, and produces oscillations of intracellular ca(2+) concentration in oligoden ... | 2015 | 25287162 |
| a combination of targeted toxin technology and the piggybac-mediated gene transfer system enables efficient isolation of stable transfectants in nonhuman mammalian cells. | isolation of cells harboring exogenous dna is typically achieved by the introduction of plasmids, but its efficiency remains still low. in this study, we developed a novel strategy to obtain stable transfectants efficiently. porcine embryonic fibroblasts were transfected with two plasmids: (i) ptransiend, which comprises the ubiquitous promoter, the piggybac (pb) transposase gene, an internal ribosomal entry site, the clostridium perfringens-derived endo-β-galactosidase c (endogalc) gene, and a ... | 2015 | 25345906 |
| directed structural modification of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin to enhance binding to claudin-5. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) binds to distinct claudins (clds), which regulate paracellular barrier functions in endo- and epithelia. the c-terminal domain (ccpe) has the potential for selective claudin modulation, since it only binds to a subset of claudins, e.g., cld3 and cld4 (ccpe receptors). cld5 (non-cpe receptor) is a main constituent in tight junctions (tj) of the blood-brain barrier. we aimed to reveal claudin recognition mechanisms of ccpe and to create a basis for a cld5- ... | 2015 | 25342221 |
| pigbel in the 21st century: still here, and still in need of an effective surveillance system. | pigbel remains a likely significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the highlands of papua new guinea (png), two decades after the administration of pigbel vaccination ceased. there is a need for an effective surveillance program for pigbel to better understand the disease burden and to target communities for preventive strategies. this paper reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, recent history and current data on the burden of pigbel in png. we propose a surveillance program based on clin ... | 2015 | 26288931 |
| interface dynamics explain assembly dependency of influenza neuraminidase catalytic activity. | influenza virus neuraminidase (ina) is a homotetrameric surface protein of the influenza virus and an established target for antiviral drugs. in contrast to neuraminidases (nas) of other biological systems (non-inas), enzymatic activity of ina is only observed in a quaternary assembly and ina needs the tetramerization to mediate enzymatic activity. obviously, differences on a molecular level between ina and non-inas are responsible for this intriguing observation. comparison between protein stru ... | 2015 | 24279589 |
| follow-up of 100 dogs with acute diarrhoea in a primary care practice. | this study aimed to examine the aetiology of acute diarrhoea and the relapse rate in 100 client-owned dogs presented to a first-opinion clinic. history, physical examination, faecal testing and owner questionnaire data were collected at initial presentation (t0) and at either the time of relapse or at a recheck performed within 3 months. all dogs received treatment according to their clinical signs. of 96 dogs that completed the study, 37 (38.5%) relapsed during the study period, 21 (21.9%) rela ... | 2014 | 24268477 |
| internalization of clostridium perfringens α-toxin leads to erk activation and is involved on its cytotoxic effect. | clostridium perfringens phospholipase c (cpplc), also called α-toxin, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of gas gangrene. cpplc may lead to cell lysis at concentrations that cause extensive degradation of plasma membrane phospholipids. however, at sublytic concentrations it induces cytotoxicity without inducing evident membrane damage. the results of this work demonstrate that cpplc becomes internalized in cells by a dynamin-dependent mechanism and in a time progressive process: first, cpplc c ... | 2014 | 24245664 |
| adhesive properties of clostridium perfringens to extracellular matrix proteins collagens and fibronectin. | the adhesive properties of clostridium perfringens to collagens, gelatin, fibronectin (fn), fn-prebound collagens, and fn-prebound gelatin were investigated. c. perfringens could bind to fn-prebound collagen type ii, type iii, and gelatin, but not to gelatin or collagens except for collagen type i directly. recombinant fn-binding proteins of c. perfringens, rfbpa and rfbpb, were used to examine fn-mediated bacterial adherence to collagen type i. in the presence of rfbps, c. perfringens adherence ... | 2014 | 24239649 |
| tissue distribution and safety evaluation of a claudin-targeting molecule, the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. | we previously found that claudin (cl) is a potent target for cancer therapy using a cl-3 and -4-targeting molecule, namely the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe). although cl-3 and -4 are expressed in various normal tissues, the safety of this cl-targeting strategy has never been investigated. here, we evaluated the tissue distribution of c-cpe in mice. ten minutes after intravenous injection into mice, c-cpe was distributed to the liver and kidney (24.0% and 9.5% ... | 2014 | 24231339 |
| mechanistic insights from substrate preference in unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase. | natural and synthetic unsaturated glucuronides were tested as substrates for clostridium perfringens unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase to probe its mechanism and to guide inhibitor design. of the natural substrates, a chondroitin disaccharide substrate with sulfation of the primary alcohol on carbon 6 of its n-acetylgalactosamine moiety was found to have the highest turnover number of any substrate reported for an unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase, with kcat =112 s(-1) . synthetic aryl glycoside s ... | 2014 | 24227702 |
| screening of bacteriocin-producing enterococcus faecalis strains for antagonistic activities against clostridium perfringens. | this study was conducted to isolate and characterize bacteriocin-producing bacteria against clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) from domestic animals to determine their usefulness as probiotics. bacteriocin-producing bacteria were isolated from pig feces by the spot-on-lawn method. a total of 1,370 bacterial stains were isolated, and six were tentatively selected after identifying the inhibitory activity against the pathogenic indicator c. perfringens kctc 3269 and kctc 5100. the selected s ... | 2014 | 26761495 |
| effects of temperature and packaging on the growth kinetics of clostridium perfringens in ready-to-eat jokbal (pig's trotters). | ready-to-eat (rte) jokbal (pig's trotter), which consists of pig's feet cooked in soy sauce and various spices, is a very popular and widely sold in korean retail markets. commercially, the anaerobically packed jokbal have also become a popular rte food in several convenience stores. this study evaluates the effects of storage temperature and packaging methods for the growth of c. perfringens in jokbal. growth kinetic parameters of c. perfringens in aerobically and anaerobically packed jokbals a ... | 2014 | 26760749 |
| autocatalytically generated thr-gln ester bond cross-links stabilize the repetitive ig-domain shaft of a bacterial cell surface adhesin. | gram-positive bacteria are decorated by a variety of proteins that are anchored to the cell wall and project from it to mediate colonization, attachment to host cells, and pathogenesis. these proteins, and protein assemblies, such as pili, are typically long and thin yet must withstand high levels of mechanical stress and proteolytic attack. the recent discovery of intramolecular isopeptide bond cross-links, formed autocatalytically, in the pili from streptococcus pyogenes has highlighted the ro ... | 2014 | 24344302 |
| multiple effects of escherichia coli nissle 1917 on growth, biofilm formation, and inflammation cytokines profile of clostridium perfringens type a strain cp4. | clostridium perfringens is an important gram-positive pathogen responsible for food poisoning, necrotic enteritis, gas gangrene, and even death. escherichia coli nissle 1917 (ecn) is a well-characterized probiotic strain with demonstrated benefits. in this study, we evaluated the effects of ecn on growth, toxin production, biofilm formation, and inflammatory cytokine responses of c. perfringens. in vitro co-culture experiments demonstrated that ecn inhibited growth, gas production, and toxin pro ... | 2014 | 24532573 |
| alteration of predominant gastrointestinal flora and oxidative damage of large intestine under simulated hypobaric hypoxia. | hypobaric hypoxia is an immediate and crucial starting mechanism of acute mountain sickness included with some non-specific gastrointestinal (gi) complications. to study the effect of hypoxia on gi microflora and its upshot to this system, male albino rats were exposed to 55 kpa (air pressure ~ 4872.9 m altitude) consecutively 30 days for 8 hours/day. the different indicator group of large intestinal microbial populations were enumerated and correlated with the levels of antioxidant indicators l ... | 2014 | 24526402 |
| horizontally transferred genetic elements and their role in pathogenesis of bacterial disease. | this article reviews the roles that laterally transferred genes (ltg) play in the virulence of bacterial pathogens. the features of ltg that allow them to be recognized in bacterial genomes are described, and the mechanisms by which ltg are transferred between and within bacteria are reviewed. genes on plasmids, integrative and conjugative elements, prophages, and pathogenicity islands are highlighted. virulence genes that are frequently laterally transferred include genes for bacterial adherenc ... | 2014 | 24318976 |
| computer-guided approach to access the anti-influenza activity of licorice constituents. | neuraminidase (na), a key enzyme in viral replication, is the first-line drug target to combat influenza. on the basis of a shape-focused virtual screening, the roots of glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) were identified as plant species with an accumulation of constituents that show 3d similarities to known influenza na inhibitors (nais). phytochemical investigation revealed 12 constituents identified as (e)-1-[2,4-dihydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenyl]-3-(8-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2h-1-benzopyran-6-y ... | 2014 | 24313801 |
| mechanistic investigations of unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase from clostridium perfringens. | experiments were carried out to probe the details of the hydration-initiated hydrolysis catalyzed by the clostridium perfringens unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase of glycoside hydrolase family 88 in the cazy classification system. direct (1)h nmr monitoring of the enzymatic reaction detected no accumulated reaction intermediates in solution, suggesting that rearrangement of the initial hydration product occurs on-enzyme. an attempt at mechanism-based trapping of on-enzyme intermediates using a 1, ... | 2014 | 24573682 |
| influence of the gut microbiota on blood acute-phase proteins. | little is known about the bovine intestinal microbiota influence on systemic innate immune responses. the objective of the present study was to determine relationships between acute-phase proteins in blood serum of cows [c-reactive protein (crp), lps-binding protein (lbp) and haptoglobin (hp)] and the faecal microbiota. fifty-two healthy cows (2-8 years old) were investigated. faecal bacteria were determent characterized by in situ hybridization with 16s/23s rrna-targeted probes and by conventio ... | 2014 | 24498969 |
| identification of a key residue for oligomerisation and pore-formation of clostridium perfringens netb. | necrotic enteritis toxin b (netb) is a β-pore-forming toxin produced by clostridium perfringens and has been identified as a key virulence factor in the pathogenesis of avian necrotic enteritis, a disease causing significant economic damage to the poultry industry worldwide. in this study, site-directed mutagenesis was used to identify amino acids that play a role in netb oligomerisation and pore-formation. netb k41h showed significantly reduced toxicity towards lmh cells and human red blood cel ... | 2014 | 24625763 |
| draft genome sequence of clostridium perfringens strain jjc, a highly efficient hydrogen producer isolated from landfill leachate sludge. | clostridium perfringens strain jjc is an effective biohydrogen and biochemical producer that was isolated from landfill leachate sludge. here, we present the assembly and annotation of its genome, which may provide further insights into the gene interactions involved in efficient biohydrogen production. | 2014 | 24604637 |
| key design factors affecting microbial community composition and pathogenic organism removal in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. | constructed wetlands constitute an interesting option for wastewater reuse since high concentrations of contaminants and pathogenic microorganisms can be removed with these natural treatment systems. in this work, the role of key design factors which could affect microbial removal and wetland performance, such as granular media, water depth and season effect was evaluated in a pilot system consisting of eight parallel horizontal subsurface flow (hssf) constructed wetlands treating urban wastewat ... | 2014 | 24594738 |
| intravascular haemolysis secondary to clostridium perfringens in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. | 2014 | 24446867 | |
| distribution of clostridium perfringens isolates from piglets in south korea. | clostridium perfringens causes various digestive system disease symptoms in pigs. in the present study, 11 c. perfringens isolates were obtained from diarrheic piglets and 18 from healthy piglets. all of the c. perfringens isolates were shown to be type a using a multiplex pcr assay. the β2 toxin gene was detected in 27/29 c. perfringens isolates, i.e., 81% (9/11) of diarrheic piglets and 100% (18/18) of healthy piglets, and all of the genes had the same sequence. in conclusion, the β2 toxin gen ... | 2014 | 24430655 |
| white-rot fungal pretreatment of wheat straw with phanerochaete chrysosporium for biohydrogen production: simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. | this paper demonstrates biohydrogen production was enhanced by white-rot fungal pretreatment of wheat straw (ws) through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf). wheat straw was pretreated by phanerochaete chrysosporium at 30 °c under solid state fermentation for 12 days, and lignin was removed about 28.5 ± 1.3 %. microscopic structure observation combined thermal gravity and differential thermal gravity analysis further showed that the lignocellulose structure obviously disrupted a ... | 2014 | 24429553 |
| two necrotic enteritis predisposing factors, dietary fishmeal and eimeria infection, induce large changes in the caecal microbiota of broiler chickens. | it is widely established that a high-protein fishmeal supplemented starter diet and eimeria infection can predispose birds to the development of clinical necrotic enteritis symptoms following clostridium perfringens infection. however, it has not been clearly established what changes these treatments cause to predispose birds to succumb to necrotic enteritis. we analysed caecal microbiota of 4 groups of broilers (n=12) using deep pyrosequencing of 16s rdna amplicons: (1) control chicks fed a con ... | 2014 | 24522272 |
| disease-outcome trees, eq-5d scores, and estimated annual losses of quality-adjusted life years (qalys) for 14 foodborne pathogens in the united states. | measures of disease burden such as quality-adjusted life years (qalys) are increasingly important to risk-based food safety policy. they provide a means of comparing relative risk from diverse health outcomes. we present detailed disease-outcome trees and eq-5d scoring for 14 major foodborne pathogens representing over 95% of foodborne illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths due to specified agents in the united states (campylobacter spp., clostridium perfringens, cryptosporidium parvum, cyclosp ... | 2014 | 24588853 |
| enteropathogen co-infection in uk cats with diarrhoea. | individual enteropathogen infections in healthy and clinically ill cats are well described, but prevalence and patterns of enteropathogen co-infection have only been reported on a limited basis. we studied enteropathogen co-infection in diarrhoeic uk cats using results of a real time pcr assay for 8 enteropathogenic species; feline coronavirus (co), feline panleukopenia virus (pa), clostridium perfringens (cl), salmonella enterica (sa), giardia spp. (gi), tritrichomonas foetus (tr), cryptosporid ... | 2014 | 24410914 |
| assessment of microbiological and chemical properties in a municipal landfill area. | this study aimed at determining the environmental hazards for soils posed by a large municipal landfilll. the concentrations of heavy metals and policyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as microbial composition (i.e., mesophilic bacteria, actinomycetes, molds, salmonella, staphylococcus, clostridium perfringens) in four soils within and in the vicinity of the landfill were evaluated and compared to waste samples. both chemical and microbiological analyses revealed only limited contamination of ... | 2014 | 24410690 |
| temporary feed restriction partially protects broilers from necrotic enteritis. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feed restriction on the intestinal ecosystem and on the pathogenesis of experimental necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks. to induce subclinical necrotic enteritis, an experimental challenge model using a specific diet formulation, gumboro vaccination, oral inoculation of broilers with a 10-fold dose of attenuated anticoccidial vaccine and multiple oral inoculations with a specific strain of clostridium perfringens was adopted. two hun ... | 2014 | 24498863 |
| clostridium perfringens strains from bovine enterotoxemia cases are not superior in in vitro production of alpha toxin, perfringolysin o and proteolytic enzymes. | bovine enterotoxemia is a major cause of mortality in veal calves. predominantly veal calves of beef cattle breeds are affected and losses due to enterotoxemia may account for up to 20% of total mortality. clostridium perfringens type a is considered to be the causative agent. recently, alpha toxin and perfringolysin o have been proposed to play an essential role in the development of disease. however, other potential virulence factors also may play a role in the pathogenesis of bovine enterotox ... | 2014 | 24479821 |
| clostridium perfringens phospholipase c induced ros production and cytotoxicity require pkc, mek1 and nfκb activation. | clostridium perfringens phospholipase c (cpplc), also called α-toxin, is the most toxic extracellular enzyme produced by this bacteria and is essential for virulence in gas gangrene. at lytic concentrations, cpplc causes membrane disruption, whereas at sublytic concentrations this toxin causes oxidative stress and activates the mek/erk pathway, which contributes to its cytotoxic and myotoxic effects. in the present work, the role of pkc, erk 1/2 and nfκb signalling pathways in ros generation ind ... | 2014 | 24466113 |
| modulation of micrornas in two genetically disparate chicken lines showing different necrotic enteritis disease susceptibility. | micrornas (mirna) play a critical role in post-transcriptional regulation by influencing the 3'-utr of target genes. using two inbred white leghorn chicken lines, line 6.3 and line 7.2 showing marek's disease-resistant and -susceptible phenotypes, respectively, we used small rna high-throughput sequencing (hts) to investigate whether mirnas are differently expressed in these two chicken lines after inducing necrotic enteritis (ne). the 12 mirnas, selected from the most down-regulated or up-regul ... | 2014 | 24629767 |
| fluorescence in situ hybridization investigation of potentially pathogenic bacteria involved in neonatal porcine diarrhea. | neonatal diarrhea is a multifactorial condition commonly present on pig farms and leads to economic losses due to increased morbidity and mortality of piglets. immature immune system and lack of fully established microbiota at birth predispose neonatal piglets to infection with enteric pathogens. the microorganisms that for decades have been associated with enteritis and diarrhea in suckling piglets are: rotavirus a, coronavirus, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), clostridium perfringens t ... | 2014 | 24628856 |
| growth conditions of clostridium perfringens type b for production of toxins used to obtain veterinary vaccines. | the diseases caused for clostridium perfringens are generically called enterotoxemias because toxins produced in the intestine may be absorbed into the general circulation. c. perfringens type b, grown in batch fermentation, produced toxins used to obtain veterinary vaccines. glucose in concentrations of 1.4-111.1 mm was used to define the culture medium. the minimum concentration for a satisfactory production of vaccines against clostridial diseases was 55.6 mm. best results were brought forth ... | 2014 | 24573216 |
| a functional rect gene for recombineering of clostridium. | recombineering is an efficient genetic manipulation method employing the mechanism of phagenic rect-mediated homologous recombination. to develop a recombineering method for clostridium, a putative rect gene (cpf0939) from clostridium perfringens genome was functionally verified in a clostridial host clostridium acetobutylicum. we show that a short synthetic oligonucleotide can be introduced into the target site for specific point mutation. this functional rect gene would therefore contribute to ... | 2014 | 24384234 |
| xylanase supplementation of a wheat-based diet improved nutrient digestion and mrna expression of intestinal nutrient transporters in broiler chickens infected with clostridium perfringens. | necrotic enteritis caused by clostridium perfringens has become prevalent in the european union due to the withdrawal of antibiotics in poultry feed. in an experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, 336 one-day-old male broiler chicks (ross 308) were assigned to 4 groups with or without c. perfringens challenge and fed wheat-based diets supplemented with or without xylanase at 5,500 u/kg of diet. the study aimed to investigate effects of xylanase addition on growth performance as well as nut ... | 2014 | 24570428 |
| the sialidases of clostridium perfringens type d strain cn3718 differ in their properties and sensitivities to inhibitors. | clostridium perfringens causes histotoxic infections and diseases originating in animal or human intestines. a prolific toxin producer, this bacterium also produces numerous enzymes, including sialidases, that may facilitate infection. c. perfringens type d strain cn3718 carries genes encoding three sialidases, including two large secreted sialidases (named nani and nanj) and one small sialidase (named nanh) that has an intracellular location in log-phase cultures but is present in supernatants ... | 2014 | 24375134 |
| an unusual mode of galactose recognition by a family 32 carbohydrate-binding module. | carbohydrate-binding modules (cbms) are ancillary modules commonly associated with carbohydrate-active enzymes (cazymes) that function to mediate the adherence of the parent enzyme to its carbohydrate substrates. cbm family 32 (cbm32) is one of the most diverse cbm families, whose members are commonly found in bacterial cazymes that modify eukaryotic glycans. one such example is the putative μ-toxin, cpgh84a, of the family 84 glycoside hydrolases, which comprises an n-terminal putative β-n-acety ... | 2014 | 24326248 |
| clostridium perfringens sepsis following a molar pregnancy. | clostridium perfringens sepsis is rare since the legalization of abortion in 1973. this is a 49 year old female who developed clostridial sepsis after suction dilation and curettage for a molar pregnancy. a hysterectomy was performed after prompt recognition, and the patient survived. | 2014 | 24096275 |
| massive intravascular hemolysis from clostridium perfringens septicemia: a review. | we describe the case of a patient with hemolysis-associated clostridium perfringens septicemia and review all similar cases published in the literature since 1990, with specific focus on the relationship between treatment strategy and survival. we searched pubmed for all published cases of c. perfringens-associated hemolysis, using the medical subject terms "clostridia," "clostridial sepsis," and/or "hemolysis." all case reports, case series, review articles, and other relevant references publis ... | 2014 | 24019300 |
| diagnostic exercise: hemolysis and sudden death in lambs. | within a 24-hour period, 7 out of 200 three- to four-week-old pastured katahdin lambs died after showing clinical signs of hemoglobinuria, red-tinged feces, weakness, and recumbency. one of the lambs that was examined clinically before natural death also had abdominal pain, trembling, tachycardia, and severe anemia with a packed cell volume of 4%. pathologic findings included icterus, hemoglobinuric nephrosis, dark red urine, pulmonary edema, hydrothorax, splenomegaly, and acute centrilobular to ... | 2014 | 23978840 |
| gas gangrene caused by clostridium perfringens involving the liver, spleen, and heart in a man 20 years after an orthotopic liver transplant: a case report. | despite advances in immunosuppression and liver transplant in the past, mortality and morbidity caused by infections remain major problems. we present a 71-year-old man who was admitted to our internal intensive care unit with septicemia. upon admission, he had poorly localized epigastric pain and fever of 2 days ' duration. twenty years earlier, he had undergone an orthotopic liver transplant. testing revealed a high c-reactive protein level, elevated liver enzymes, and an acute kidney injury. ... | 2014 | 23962047 |
| expression and delivery of an endolysin to combat clostridium perfringens. | clostridium perfringens is a cause for increasing concern due to its responsibility for severe infections both in humans and animals, especially poultry. to find new control strategies to treat c. perfringens infection, we investigated the activity and delivery of a bacteriophage endolysin. we identified a new endolysin, designated cp25l, which shows similarity to an n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase domain and is distinct from other c. perfringens endolysins whose activity has been demonstrate ... | 2014 | 23942878 |
| use of an online survey during an outbreak of clostridium perfringens in a retirement community-arizona, 2012. | an outbreak of gastrointestinal (gi) illness among retirement community residents was reported to the maricopa county department of public health. online surveys can be useful for rapid investigation of disease outbreaks, especially when local health departments lack time and resources to perform telephone interviews. online survey utility among older populations, which may lack computer access or literacy, has not been defined. | 2014 | 23760307 |
| [benign subcutaneous emphysema after nail penetration. case report and important differential diagnoses]. | crepitus under the skin after penetrating injuries: harmless benign subcutaneous emphysema or life-threatening infection with gas-producing bacteria (gas gangrene because of clostridium perfringens, crepitating cellulitis because of anaerobic streptococcus or other coliforme bacteria)? we report a case of a 74-year-old male who developed massive crepitation of the left upper extremity and the lateral thoracic wall and mediastinal emphysema after sustaining a laceration of the left thumb and fore ... | 2014 | 23703620 |
| infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in fish by-products is inactivated with inorganic acid (ph 1) and base (ph 12). | the aquaculture industry needs a simple, inexpensive and safe method for the treatment of fish waste without heat. microbial inactivation by inorganic acid (hcl) or base (koh) was determined using infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) as a model organism for fish pathogens. salmonella and spores of clostridium perfringens were general hygiene indicators in supplementary examinations. ipnv, which is considered to be among the most chemical- and heat-resistant fish pathogens, was reduced by ... | 2014 | 23617746 |
| technological properties of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from pico cheese an artisanal cow's milk cheese. | evaluate technologically relevant properties from bacteriocin-producing strains to use as starter/adjunct cultures in cheese making. | 2014 | 24206097 |
| opioid analgesics stop the development of clostridial gas gangrene. | gas gangrene is a potentially fatal disease that is primarily caused by the ubiquitous, anaerobic bacteria clostridium perfringens and clostridium septicum. treatment is limited to antibiotic therapy, debridement of the infected tissue, and, in severe cases, amputation. the need for new treatment approaches is compelling. opioid-based analgesics such as buprenorphine and morphine also have immunomodulatory properties, usually leading to faster disease progression. however, here we show that mice ... | 2014 | 24550443 |
| jejunal hematoma in cattle: a retrospective case analysis. | sixteen years of adult cattle submissions to the california animal health and food safety laboratory system were examined and data captured from cases with anaerobic cultures of intestinal content. analysis was performed to determine if there were statistical differences between case submission types (nonbloody intestinal content [129 cases], bloody intestinal content [134 cases], and jejunal hematoma [jh; 51 cases]) for the presence of clostridium perfringens (314 cases), c. perfringens toxinot ... | 2014 | 24532694 |
| clostridium perfringens in apheresis platelets: an unusual contaminant underscores the importance of clinical vigilance for septic transfusion reactions (cme). | posttransfusion sepsis is typically caused by aerobic bacteria in apheresis platelets (plts) that escape detection by routine quality control cultures performed on every donation before components are distributed. we report the first case to implicate an anaerobic isolate, clostridium perfringens, in apheresis plts and investigate its detection in vitro by approved tests. | 2014 | 23772803 |
| [clostridium perfringens-induced intravascular hemolysis]. | 2014 | 23891133 | |
| spontaneous clostridial myonecrosis after pregnancy - emergency treatment to the limb salvage and functional recovery: a case report. | clostridial myonecrosis (cm) is a rare, life threatening necrotizing infection of a skeletal muscle caused by clostridium perfringens in the majority of cases. the diagnosis may be difficult because of few diagnostic and cutaneous signs early in its course. standard therapy involves surgical debridements of a devitalized tissue and high-dose organism-specific antibiotic therapy. the hyperbaric oxygen has also showed its usefulness in the treatment of these infections. autograft systems as tissue ... | 2014 | 22973988 |
| proteolytic processing and activation of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin by caprine small intestinal contents. | epsilon toxin (etx), a pore-forming toxin produced by type b and d strains of clostridium perfringens, mediates severe enterotoxemia in livestock and possibly plays a role in human disease. during enterotoxemia, the nearly inactive etx prototoxin is produced in the intestines but then must be activated by proteolytic processing. the current study sought to examine etx prototoxin processing and activation ex vivo using the intestinal contents of a goat, a natural host species for etx-mediated dis ... | 2014 | 25336460 |
| dietary calcium, phosphorus, and phytase effects on bird performance, intestinal morphology, mineral digestibility, and bone ash during a natural necrotic enteritis episode. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary ca, p, and phytase on performance, intestinal morphology, bone ash, and ca and p digestibility during a necrotic enteritis (ne) outbreak. the 35-d trial was designed as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial, which included 2 ca levels (0.6 and 0.9%), 2 p levels (0.3 and 0.45%), and 2 levels of phytase [0 and 1,000 phytase units (ftu)/kg]. birds were placed on litter from a previous flock that exhibited clinical signs of ne. birds and feed were w ... | 2014 | 25143591 |
| comparing the identification of clostridium spp. by two matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry platforms to 16s rrna pcr sequencing as a reference standard: a detailed analysis of age of culture and sample preparation. | we compared the identification of clostridium species using mass spectrometry by two different matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) platforms (bruker ms and vitek ms) against 16s rrna sequencing as the reference standard. we then examined the impact of different sample preparations and (on one of those platforms) age of bacterial colonial growth on the performance of the maldi-tof ms systems. we identified 10 different species amongst the 52 ... | 2014 | 25230331 |
| induction of potential protective immunity against enterotoxemia in calves by single or multiple recombinant clostridium perfringens toxoids. | cattle enterotoxemia caused by clostridium perfringens toxins is a noncontagious, sporadic, and fatal disease characterized by sudden death. strategies for controlling and preventing cattle enterotoxemia are based on systematic vaccination of herds with toxoids. because the process of producing conventional clostridial vaccines is dangerous, expensive, and time-consuming, the prospect of recombinant toxoid vaccines against diseases caused by c. perfringens toxins is promising. in this study, non ... | 2014 | 25197030 |
| applicability of universal bacteroidales genetic marker for microbial monitoring of drinking water sources in comparison to conventional indicators. | water quality monitoring is essential for the provision of safe drinking water. in this study, we compared a selection of fecal indicators with universal bacteroidales genetic marker to identify fecal pollution of a variety of drinking water sources. a total of 60 samples were collected from water sources. the microbiological parameters included total coliforms, fecal coliforms, escherichia coli and fecal streptococci as the fecal indicator bacteria (fib), clostridium perfringens and h2s bacteri ... | 2014 | 25023746 |
| structure of a c. perfringens enterotoxin mutant in complex with a modified claudin-2 extracellular loop 2. | cpe (clostridium perfringens enterotoxin) is the major virulence determinant for c. perfringens type-a food poisoning, the second most common bacterial food-borne illness in the uk and usa. after binding to its receptors, which include particular human claudins, the toxin forms pores in the cell membrane. the mature pore apparently contains a hexamer of cpe, claudin and, possibly, occludin. the combination of high binding specificity with cytotoxicity has resulted in cpe being investigated, with ... | 2014 | 25020226 |
| in vitro fermentation of lactulose by human gut bacteria. | lactulose has been known as a prebiotic that can selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. recent studies have indicated that streptococcus mutans, clostridium perfringens, and faecalibacterium prausnitzii are also able to utilize lactulose. however, the previous studies mainly focused on the utilization of lactulose by individual strains, and few studies were designed to identify the species that could utilize lactulose among gut microbiota. this study aime ... | 2014 | 25340538 |
| crystal structure of the phosphate-binding protein (pbp-1) of an abc-type phosphate transporter from clostridium perfringens. | phosphate limitation is an important environmental stress that affects the metabolism of various organisms and, in particular, can trigger the virulence of numerous bacterial pathogens. clostridium perfringens, a human pathogen, is one of the most common causes of enteritis necroticans, gas gangrene and food poisoning. here, we focused on the high affinity phosphate-binding protein (pbp-1) of an abc-type transporter, responsible for cellular phosphate uptake. we report the crystal structure (1.6 ... | 2014 | 25338617 |
| differential responses of cecal microbiota to fishmeal, eimeria and clostridium perfringens in a necrotic enteritis challenge model in chickens. | clostridium perfringens causes enteric diseases in animals and humans. in poultry, avian-specific c. perfringens strains cause necrotic enteritis, an economically significant poultry disease that costs the global industry over $2 billion annually in losses and control measures. with removal of antibiotic growth promoters in some countries this disease appears to be on the rise. in experimental conditions used to study disease pathogenesis and potential control measures, reproduction of the disea ... | 2014 | 25167074 |
| correlation between in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo lethal activity in mice of epsilon toxin mutants from clostridium perfringens. | epsilon toxin (etx) from clostridium perfringens is a pore-forming protein with a lethal effect on livestock, producing severe enterotoxemia characterized by general edema and neurological alterations. site-specific mutations of the toxin are valuable tools to study the cellular and molecular mechanism of the toxin activity. in particular, mutants with paired cysteine substitutions that affect the membrane insertion domain behaved as dominant-negative inhibitors of toxin activity in mdck cells. ... | 2014 | 25013927 |
| necrotizing myositis in a neutropenic patient: the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of atypical presentations. | we report a case of fatal necrotizing soft tissue infection (nsti) due to clostridium perfringens (cp) in a neutropenic patient with diabetes mellitus. as in many cases, by the time a diagnosis was made, the condition had rapidly progressed to its late stages, resulting in a fatal outcome. the emergency physician should be aware of nsti as a complication when patients present with pain out of proportion to physical findings and/or signs of soft tissue compromise. negative prognostic factors for ... | 2014 | 25013733 |
| [a patient with sepsis and a gas-forming liver abscess caused by clostridium perfringens treated with continuous perfusion drainage]. | a 64-year-old man presented with diarrhea, fever, and disturbance of consciousness; he was subsequently diagnosed with acute renal and hepatic disorder. abdominal computed tomography identified a gas-forming liver abscess, and the patient underwent emergency drainage. however, his condition did not improve, and clostridium perfringens was observed in his blood culture. continuous perfusion drainage was performed by placing an additional drainage tube, which resulted in abscess shrinkage and impr ... | 2014 | 24998733 |
| b-cell epitope of beta toxin of clostridium perfringens genetically conjugated to a carrier protein: expression, purification and characterization of the chimeric protein. | beta toxin (btx) is the prime virulence factor for the pathogenesis of clostridium perfringens type c strain, known to cause necrotic enteritis and enterotoxaemia in mammalian species. the existing vaccines targeting btx are formaldehyde inactivated culture filtrates of clostridium. these filtrates raise antigenic load in the host leading to nonspecific and poor responses. the present study aimed to overcome these drawbacks and generate a chimeric protein carrying in silico identified b-cell epi ... | 2014 | 24996028 |
| contributions of nani sialidase to caco-2 cell adherence by clostridium perfringens type a and c strains causing human intestinal disease. | previous studies showed that clostridium perfringens type d animal disease strain cn3718 uses nani sialidase for adhering to enterocyte-like caco-2 cells. the current study analyzed whether nani is similarly important when type a and c human intestinal disease strains attach to caco-2 cells. a pcr survey determined that the nani gene was absent from typical type a food poisoning (fp) strains carrying a chromosomal enterotoxin (cpe) gene or the genetically related type c darmbrand (db) strains. h ... | 2014 | 25135687 |
| efficacy of an anticoccidial live vaccine in prevention of necrotic enteritis in chickens. | necrotic enteritis (ne) is an important disease in poultry caused by clostridium perfringens combined with predisposing factors, mainly eimeriosis. in the present study, we investigated the protective effect of a commercial attenuated anticoccidial live vaccine against ne in a clinical infection model using 60 day-old chicks. vaccination was performed on study day (sd) 1 with natural booster-infections for 4 weeks from eimeria spp. oocysts present in litter. on sd 28, five groups were formed (n= ... | 2014 | 25131774 |
| challenging the roles of cd44 and lipolysis stimulated lipoprotein receptor in conveying clostridium perfringens iota toxin cytotoxicity in breast cancer. | translational exploration of bacterial toxins has come to the forefront of research given their potential as a chemotherapeutic tool. studies in select tissues have demonstrated that clostridium perfringens iota toxin binds to cd44 and lipolysis stimulated lipoprotein receptor (lsr) cell-surface proteins. we recently demonstrated that lsr expression correlates with estrogen receptor positive breast cancers and that lsr signaling directs aggressive, tumor-initiating cell behaviors. herein, we ide ... | 2014 | 24990559 |
| targeting tight junctions during epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human pancreatic cancer. | pancreatic cancer continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and there is an urgent need to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to reduce the mortality of patients with this disease. in pancreatic cancer, some tight junction proteins, including claudins, are abnormally regulated and therefore are promising molecular targets for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. claudin-4 and -18 are overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer and its precursor lesions. claudin ... | 2014 | 25152584 |
| a synthetic peptide corresponding to the extracellular loop 2 region of claudin-4 protects against clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in vitro and in vivo. | clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) action starts when the toxin binds to claudin receptors. claudins contain two extracellular loop domains, with the second loop (ecl-2) being slightly smaller than the first. cpe has been shown to bind to ecl-2 in receptor claudins. we recently demonstrated that caco-2 cells (a naturally cpe-sensitive enterocyte-like cell line) can be protected from cpe-induced cytotoxicity by preincubating the enterotoxin with soluble full-length recombinant claudin-4 (r ... | 2014 | 25156725 |
| [alpha and theta toxin clostridium perfringens infection complicated by septic shock and hemolysis]. | 2014 | 25154792 | |
| prevention and treatment of clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin intoxication in mice with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (c4d7) produced in nicotiana benthamiana. | epsilon toxin (etx), produced by clostridium perfringens types b and d, is among the most lethal toxins known. etx is a potential bioterrorism threat that was listed as a category b agent by the u.s. centers for disease control until 2012 and it still remains a toxin of interest for several government agencies. we produced a monoclonal antibody (mab) against etx (etx mab c4d7) in nicotiana benthamiana and characterized its preventive and therapeutic efficacy in mice. the etx preparation used was ... | 2014 | 24950050 |
| evaluation of clostridium perfringens as a tracer of sewage contamination in sediments by two enumeration methods. | a traditional method of enumerating clostridium perfringens using membrane filtration (mf) as an indicator of fecal contamination was compared to recently developed rapid method using rapid fung double tube (rfdt) in an evaluation to characterize the extent of sewage contamination in sediments of the great lakes. evaluation of these two methods included determining c. perfringens concentrations and recovery efficiencies from sewage, sewage-spiked sediments, and water (surface and bottom) and sed ... | 2014 | 24833022 |
| enumeration of clostridia in goat milk using an optimized membrane filtration technique. | a membrane filtration technique developed for counting butyric acid bacteria in cow milk was further developed for analysis of goat milk. reduction of the sample volume, prolongation of incubation time after addition of proteolytic enzyme and detergent, and a novel step of ultrasonic treatment during incubation allowed filtration of goat milk even in the case of somatic cell counts (scc) exceeding 10(6)/ml. however, filterability was impaired in milk from goats in late lactation. in total, spore ... | 2014 | 25129496 |
| prevalence of clostridium perfringens, clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and dysbiosis in fecal samples of dogs with diarrhea. | clostridium perfringens has been suspected as an enteropathogen in dogs. however, its exact role in gastrointestinal (gi) disorders in dogs remains unknown. recent studies suggest the importance of an altered intestinal microbiota in the activation of virulence factors of enteropathogens. the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between diarrhea, dysbiosis, and the presence of c. perfringens and its enterotoxin (cpe). fecal samples were collected prospectively from 95 healthy contr ... | 2014 | 25458422 |
| clostridium perfringens septicemia in a long-beaked common dolphin delphinus capensis: an etiology of gas bubble accumulation in cetaceans. | an adult female long-beaked common dolphin delphinus capensis live-stranded in la jolla, california, usa, on july 30, 2012 and subsequently died on the beach. computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed gas bubble accumulation in the vasculature, organ parenchyma, mandibular fat pads, and subdermal sheath as well as a gas-filled cavity within the liver, mild caudal abdominal effusion, and fluid in the uterus. gross examination confirmed these findings and also identified mild ulc ... | 2014 | 25320031 |
| a fatal spontaneous gas gangrene due to clostridium perfringens during neutropenia of allogeneic stem cell transplantation: case report and literature review. | most cases of gas gangrene caused by clostridium species begin with trauma-related injuries but in rare cases, spontaneous gas gangrene (sgg) can occur when patients have conditions such as advanced malignancy, diabetes, or immunosuppression. clostridium perfringens, a rare cause of sgg, exists as normal flora of skin and intestines of human. adequate antibiotics with surgical debridement of infected tissue is the only curative therapeutic management. mortality rate among adults is reported rang ... | 2014 | 25298910 |
| successional changes in the chicken cecal microbiome during 42 days of growth are independent of organic acid feed additives. | poultry remains a major source of foodborne bacterial infections. a variety of additives with presumed anti-microbial and/or growth-promoting effects are commonly added to poultry feed during commercial grow-out, yet the effects of these additives on the gastrointestinal microbial community (the gi microbiome) as the bird matures remain largely unknown. here we compared temporal changes in the cecal microbiome to the effects of formic acid, propionic acid, and medium-chain fatty acids (mcfa) add ... | 2014 | 25427406 |