Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the effect of hydrogen ion concentration on the production of carbon dioxide by bacillus butyricus and bacillus subtilis. | 1. the maximum rate of co(2) production of bacillus butyricus was found to be at a ph value of 7; of bacillus subtilis at ph 6.8. if the ph value be raised or lowered there is a progressive decrease in the rate of production of co(2). 2. spontaneous recovery follows the addition of alkali to either organism, while addition of acid is followed by recovery only upon addition of an equivalent amount of alkali, and is not complete except when the amount of acid is very small. | 1921 | 19871925 |
| conductivity as a measure of vitality and death. | the conductance of laminaria, saccharomyces, bacillus coli and bacillus butyricus, chlorella, and of red blood cells has been studied by the writer's method, and laminaria by that of osterhout. for the material studied it has been found that: 1. the conductance of living tissue is closely proportionate to, and determined by that of the surrounding fluid with which it is apparently in equilibrium. changes in the conductance of the fluid are quickly followed by compensatory changes in that of the ... | 1923 | 19872003 |
| effect of molybdenum on nitrogen fixation by clostridium butyricum. | 1946 | 21001937 | |
| [physiological research on endosporus azotophagus (tchan and pochon 1950) nitrogen fixator]. | 1950 | 14799967 | |
| the utilization of nitrogen in various compounds by clostridium pasteurianum. | 1951 | 14832186 | |
| the amylase of clostridium butyricum. | 1951 | 14838859 | |
| [effect of oxidation-reduction of the culture medium on fixation of mellucular nitrogen in clostridium pasteurianum]. | 1951 | 14860042 | |
| amylases of clostridium butyricum and a streptococcus isolated from the rumen of the sheep. | 1952 | 13018299 | |
| [a polysaccharide isolated from clostridium butyricum]. | 1952 | 12976749 | |
| [phosphorylation of glucose by an enzyme extract of clostridium butyricum]. | 1952 | 12979303 | |
| cofactors of the phosphoroclastic reaction of clostridium butyricum. | 1953 | 13129255 | |
| [phosphorylating action of glucose by enzymatic extract of clostridium butyricum. iii. coupled reaction between triosephosphate dehydrogenase and certain enzymes of lynen's fatty acid cycle]. | 1954 | 13199951 | |
| [phosphorylating action of glucose by enzymatic extract of clostridium butyricum. iv. coupled reactions between triosephosphate dehydrogenase and certain enzymes of lynen's fatty acid cycle]. | 1954 | 13199988 | |
| [not available]. | 1954 | 13161237 | |
| cofactors of the carbon dioxide exchange reaction of clostridium butyricum. | 1955 | 13242561 | |
| [research on the effect of ascorbic acid, metabolic poisons and other factors on metabolism of clostridium butyricum prazm]. | 1956 | 13340833 | |
| influence of media on the counts of clostridium butyricum in soils. | 1958 | 13541402 | |
| carbon dioxide activation in the pyruvate clastic system of clostridium butyricum. | 1959 | 13672938 | |
| reversal of pyruvate oxidation in clostridium butyricum. | 1959 | 13672939 | |
| [nitrogen metabolism in a new species of clostridium butyricum prazhmowsky producing butyl alcohol]. | 1959 | 14417427 | |
| [on spore formation by clostridium butyricum prazm]. | 1960 | 13739415 | |
| [the effect of nisin on clostridium butyricum prazm]. | 1960 | 13739416 | |
| the characterization and biosynthesis of an n-methylethanolamine phospholipid from clostridium butyricum. | 1962 | 13899760 | |
| [on the measurement of oxygen pressure in the spores of germinating clostridium butyricum]. | 1962 | 14042127 | |
| degradation of pyruvate by micrococcus lactilyticus ii. : studies of cofactors in the formate-exchange reaction. | mccormick, n. g. (university of washington, seattle), e. j. ordal, and h. r. whiteley. degradation of pyruvate by micrococcus lactilyticus. ii. studies of cofactors in the formate-exchange reaction. j. bacteriol. 83:899-906. 1962.-enzyme preparations from micrococcus lactilyticus(2) are rendered inactive with respect to formate exchange by treatment with charcoal or dowex-50, by dialysis, or by fractionation with ammonium sulfate. the activity may be completely restored by a "kochsaft" preparati ... | 1962 | 16561937 |
| spheroidal and polyhedral forms of clostridium butyricum induced by penicillin. | 1963 | 14051814 | |
| [on the mechanism of killing ascites cancer cells by clostridium butyricum]. | 1963 | 14085705 | |
| n-methyl groups in bacterial lipids. | goldfine, howard (harvard medical school, boston, mass.), and martha e. ellis. n-methyl groups in bacterial lipids. j. bacteriol. 87:8-15. 1964.-the ability of bacteria to synthesize lecithin was examined by measuring the incorporation of the methyl group of methionine into the water-soluble moieties obtained on acid hydrolysis of bacterial lipids. of 21 species examined, mostly of the order eubacteriales, only 2, agrobacterium radiobacter and a. rhizogenes, incorporated the methyl group of meth ... | 1964 | 14102879 |
| oncolysis by clostridia. i. activity of clostridium butyricum (m-55) and other nonpathogenic clostridia against the ehrlich carcinoma. | 1964 | 14115686 | |
| [a possibility of cultivation of clostridium butyricum on synthetic media]. | 1964 | 14195418 | |
| composition of the aldehydes of clostridium butyricum plasmalogens. cyclopropane aldehydes. | 1964 | 14209938 | |
| phospholipids of clostridium butyricum. studies on plasmalogen composition and biosynthesis. | 1965 | 14285491 | |
| [study of factors controlling growth and sporulation of clostridium butyricum. ii. factors related to growth]. | 1965 | 5825526 | |
| [study of factors controlling the growth and sporulation of clostridium butyricum. i. composition of the culture medium]. | 1965 | 5847938 | |
| [on the synthesis of alanine and aspartate from acetate and co2 in clostridium butyricum]. | 1966 | 5961231 | |
| [sporulation and germination in clostridium butyricum m 55. electron microscopic studies]. | 1966 | 5995381 | |
| the amino acid sequence of clostridium butyricum ferredoxin. | 1966 | 5227671 | |
| involvement of acyl carrier protein in acylation of glycerol 3-phosphate in clostridium butyricum. ii. evidence for the participation of acyl thioesters of acyl carrier protein. | 1967 | 4863741 | |
| involvement of acyl carrier protein in acylation of glycerol 3-phosphate in clostridium butyricum. i. purification of clostridium butyricum acyl carrier protein and synthesis of long chain acyl derivatives of acyl carrier protein. | 1967 | 6065089 | |
| the amino acid sequence of clostridium butyricum ferredoxin. | 1967 | 6078085 | |
| phospholipids of clostridium butyricum. 3. further studies on the origin of the aldehyde chains of plasmalogens. | 1967 | 5633398 | |
| comparative aspects of fatty acid activation in escherichia coli and clostridium butyricum. | 1969 | 11946314 | |
| [cultivation of clostridium butyricum m 55 strain. 1. cultivation in peptone-containing media]. | 1970 | 4923792 | |
| formation of acyl and alkenyl glycerol derivatives in clostridium butyricum. | 1970 | 5417192 | |
| total counts of bacillus megaterium and clostridium butyricum spore suspensions using a microlitre syringe. | 1970 | 4995937 | |
| a study of the effect of carbon dioxide on the germination and outgrowth of spores of spores of clostridium butyricum using a slide culture technique. | 1970 | 4930564 | |
| the effect of oxygen on the germination and outgrowth of spores of clostridium butyricum. | 1970 | 5516595 | |
| enzymic reduction of long-chain acyl-coa to fatty aldehyde and alcohol by extracts of clostridium butyricum. | 1970 | 4394389 | |
| fatty acyl-acyl carrier protein and fatty acyl-coa as acyl donors in the biosynthesis of phosphatidic acid in clostridium butyricum. | 1971 | 5135502 | |
| [consumption of molecular oxygen by cell suspensions of clostridium butyricum]. | 1971 | 5129016 | |
| [structure of clostridia of the butyric group. i. sporulation of clostridium butyricum and clostridium saccharobutyricum]. | 1971 | 4927234 | |
| [cultivation of clostridium butyricum, strain m 55. ii. cultivation in meat extract media]. | 1971 | 4932521 | |
| phospholipids of clostridium butyricum. iv. analysis of the positional isomers of monounsaturated and cyclopropane fatty acids and alk-1'-enyl ethers by capillary column chromatography. | the positional isomers of the cyclopropane fatty acids of clostridium butyricum phospholipids have been analyzed by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography. greater than 95% of the methylenehexadecanoic acids was the 9,10 isomer. on the other hand, 60-70% of the hexadecenoic acid precursors was the delta(7) isomer, and the remainder was the delta(9) isomer. of the methyleneoctadecanoic acids 75-80% was the 11,12 isomer, with the remainder being the 9,10 isomer. there were approximately equal ... | 1971 | 5554109 |
| studies on neutral lipids and a new type of aldehydogenic ethanolamine phospholipid in clostridium butyricum. | 1971 | 5573235 | |
| iron reduction and gley formation by nitrogen-fixing clostridia. | studies on iron reduction and the mechanism of gley formation by nitrogen-fixing clostridia are reported. up to 10(6) cells/g soil of anaerobic, nitrogen-fixing clostridia, capable of reducing iron (iii)-oxide, were counted in samples taken from various top soils. in a gleyed subsoil as many as 10(5) bacteria per g soil, capable of reducing and fixing nitrogen, were enumerated using the most probable number technique. in general, the ratio of the auxotrophic iron reducing clostridia (glucose+yea ... | 1971 | 28310760 |
| [therapeutic attempt with clostridium butyricum spores and cyclophosphamide in jensen's sarcoma of the rat]. | 1972 | 4650820 | |
| [treatment of malignant tumors using spores of clostridium butyricum m 55. i. basic principles and development of the influencing of malignant tumors by microorganisms]. | 1972 | 5053752 | |
| [treatment of malignant tumors with spores of clostridium butyricum m 55. iv. serological studies on tumor-bearing patients]. | 1972 | 5069161 | |
| regulation of the tryptophan synthetic enzymes in clostridium butyricum. | experiments concerned with the regulation of the tryptophan synthetic enzymes in anaerobes were carried out with a strain of clostridium butyricum. enzyme activities for four of the five synthetic reactions were readily detected in wild-type cells grown in minimal medium. the enzymes mediating reactions 3, 4, and 5 were derepressed 4- to 20-fold, and the data suggest that these enzymes are coordinately controlled in this anaerobe. the first enzyme of the pathway, anthranilate synthetase, could b ... | 1972 | 5079066 |
| [inactivation of pyruvate-formiate lyase from clostridium butyricum]. | 1972 | 4649797 | |
| metabolism of polychlorinated norbornenes by clostridium butyricum. | 1972 | 4555441 | |
| [treatment of malignant tumors with spores of clostridium butyricum m 55. 3. therapeutic experiments on metastasizing tumors of various organs]. | 1972 | 4560621 | |
| [the effect of clostridium butyricum (strain m 55) on human kininogen and its significance for the process of oncolysis]. | 1972 | 4144944 | |
| [immunological mechanism affecting oncolysis by clostridium butyricum]. | 1972 | 4258924 | |
| inactivation of the pyruvate formate lyase of clostridium butyricum. | 1972 | 11946805 | |
| an investigation of the oxidation-reduction potential and of the effect of oxygen on the germination and outgrowth of clostridium butyricum spores, using platinum electrodes. | 1973 | 4787611 | |
| [therapeutic studies of clostridium butyricum spores, cyclophosphamide and prednisolone in amelanotic melanoma in syrian gold hamsters]. | 1973 | 4802043 | |
| regulation of a ligand-mediated association-dissociation system of anthranilate synthesis in clostridium butyricum. | the anthranilate synthetase of clostridium butyricum is composed of two nonidentical subunits of unequal size. an enzyme complex consisting of both subunits is required for glutamine utilization in the formation of anthranilic acid. formation of anthranilate will proceed in the presence of partially pure subunit i provided ammonia is available in place of glutamine. partially pure subunit ii neither catalyzes the formation of anthranilate nor possesses anthranilate-5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate ... | 1974 | 4813894 |
| [the behaviour of clostridium butyricum in the early ehrlich-carcinoma of the mouse-investigations on the tumour-clostridium-phenomenon (author's transl)]. | 1974 | 4603881 | |
| phospholipids of clostridium butyricum. v. effects of growth temperature on fatty acid, alk-1-enyl ether group, and phospholipid composition. | many anaerobic bacteria have a high proportion of 1-alk-1'-enyl ethers (plasmalogens) among their phospholipids. we have examined the effects of growth temperature on the phospholipid, fatty acid, and alk-1-enyl group compositions of clostridium butyricum. when the growth temperature was decreased from 37 degrees c to 25 degrees c, the proportion of glycerol phosphoglycerides (the sum of phosphatidylglycerol and the corresponding plasmalogen) increased at the expense of the ethanolamine and n-me ... | 1974 | 4415053 |
| the effect of oxygen on the germination and outgrowth of clostridium butyricum spores and changes in the oxidation-reduction potential of cultures. | 1974 | 4416207 | |
| [therapeutic experiments with spores of strain clostridium butyricum and cyclophosphamide in jensen sarcoma, walker carcinoma, and ds carcinosarcoma of the rat (author's transl)]. | 1974 | 4447441 | |
| [demonstration of neuraminidase in clostridium pseudotetanicum (author's transl)]. | 1974 | 4453431 | |
| [serological examinations with apathogenic clostridia (m 55) (author's transl)]. | spores of the apathogenic clostridium butyricum (m 55) germinate after intravenous application in mammalians in tumor tissue only. on the basis of these earlier findings a diagnostic and prognostic procedure, used so far, namely the agglutinationtest with vegatative forms of this clostridium was improved by creation of a hemagglutination reaction. with different methods some different hemagglutinins have been isolated. their efficacy was tested against specific antibodies in rabbits and mice. th ... | 1975 | 1237207 |
| [studies on human sera for antibodies against clostridium butyricum strain jean h 8]. | in 235 human sera, antibodies against clostridium butyricum strain jena h8 could be demonstrated in 33 patients (15%); only 189 sera (80%) reacted negatively, and in 5% (13 sera) a questionable reaction was obtained. the results are discussed, pointing out the necessity of preliminary titer determination if the clostridia-tumor phenomenon is to be utilized for early diagnosis of cancer. | 1975 | 1221742 |
| replacement of acyl and alk-1-enyl groups in clostridium butyricum phospholipids by exogenous fatty acids. | the effect of exogenous unsaturated fatty acids on the acyl and alk-1-enyl group composition of the phospholipids of clostridium butyricum has been examined. unsaturated fatty acids support the growth of this organism in the absence of biotin. when cells were grown at 37 degrees in media containing oleate or linoleate and a casamino acid mixture containing traces of biotin, the exogenous fatty acids were found mainly in the alk-1-enyl chains of the plasmalogens with less pronounced incorporation ... | 1975 | 1164501 |
| [a simple method for breeding major spore quantities of clostridium butyricum to be used in experiments for tumour diagnostics and therapy (author's transl)]. | a simple method is described for breeding major spore quantities of clostridium butyricum using a modification of berger's iron bouillon. the method allows the breeding of cultures with comparatively high spore-forming rates which is essential for the use of such spores in experiments in the field of early tumour diagnostics and tumour therapy. | 1975 | 1098610 |
| taxonomy of the clostridia: ribosomal ribonucleic acid homologies among the species. | rrna homologies have been determined on reference strains representing 56 species of clostridium. competition experiments using tritium-labelled 23s rrna were employed. the majority of the species had dna with 27 to 28% guanine plus cytosine (%gc). these fell into rrna homology groups i and ii, which were well defined, and a third group which consisted of species which did not belong in groups i and ii. species whose dna was 41 to 45% gc comprised a fourth group. thirty species were placed into ... | 1975 | 168308 |
| purification of two clostridium bacteriocins by procedures appropriate to hydrophobic proteins. | two clostridocins distinguishable by their different modes of action on clostridium pasteurianum have been isolated, namely, butyricin 7423 found in cultures of clostridium butyricum ncib 7423 and perfringocin 11105 produced by clostridium perfringens type a, ncib 11105. both were trypsin-susceptible proteins which were soluble in concentrated aqueous ethanol and were able to bind large amounts of the nonionic detergent triton x-100. in the presence of triton x-100, butyricin 7423 behaved as a h ... | 1975 | 1137378 |
| [studies on the culture of clostridium butyricum strain m 55 atcc 13.732. 4th communication: the influence of peptone quality upon kininase activity (author's transl)]. | studies of the oncolytic effect of cl. butyricum strain m 55 resulted in the hypothesis of oncolysis to be an effect of a continuous production of kinin-decomposing enzymes. a decomposition of bradykinin will reduce capillary permeability and microcirculation in the tumour tissue, thus releasing and maintaining the process of necrotization. to achieve an optimal oncolytic effect of cl. butyricum m 55, in addition to conditions already demanded in preceding papers, also an abundant production of ... | 1975 | 1146438 |
| [effect of carbon dioxide on the growth of clostridium butyricum and the biosynthesis of acetate]. | 1975 | 1174593 | |
| [an intracellular polysaccharide involved in sporulation of "clostridium butyricum" i. cytology, production and preliminary enzymic analysis (author's transl)]. | free glucose concentration and polysaccharide production in clostridium butyricum cells have been studied with an enzymatic method. results indicated a substantial decrease in intracellular glucose content simultaneously with a production of polysaccharide prior to the end of exponential growth. then the polysaccharide accumulated rapidly to reach a maximum just before the first refractile spores appeared, and it decreased by 50% during the last stages (v and vi) of sproulation. electron microgr ... | 1975 | 1190638 |
| [experiments concerning the enhancement of clostridial growth (clostridium butyricum 1672 a mcclung) by means of the anaerobic metabolism of ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells of the mouse (author's transl)]. | ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells stimulate the vegetative growth of clostridium butyricum in a modified parker medium under n2 atmosphere. the enhancement of clostridial growth depends on the number of tumour cells added. the ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells keep the ordinary transplantability after anaerobic incubation with the vegetative forms of clostridia. further means for the manometric investigations of the tumour clostridium phenomenon are discussed. | 1975 | 1203019 |
| [biological properties of clostridium butyricum v. phytopathogenicum var. nova, the causative agent of hornbeam disease]. | 1976 | 948266 | |
| butyricin 7423: a bacteriocin produced by clostridium butyricum ncib7423. | butyricin 7423 is a trypsin-sensitive bacteriocin produced by clostridium butyricum ncib7423 and active against some other species of clostridium. it has a bactericidal but non-lytic action on growing cultures of clostridium pasteurianum. the primary action of butyricin 7423 appears to be at the cell membrane. thus treatment of c. pasteurianum with an excess of butyricin altered the permeability of its cell membrane, allowing the release of several metabolites and ions. efflux of rubidium ions f ... | 1976 | 956780 |
| [tumor hyperthermia using high frequency for increase of oncolysis by clostridium butyricum (m 55)]. | in solid experimental tumors hypoxic cells preferably are inactivated by means of a short-termed radio-frequency treatment with eddy-current fields. hence follows an increase of the necro-biotic areas. the presence of anoxic-necrobiotic areas is indispensable for the termination of certain anaerobic spores such as clostridium butyricum s. oncolyticum (m 55). local tumor hyperthermy is tested as a technique in altogether 861 mice bearing neck tumors, in order to enhance the germination of oncolyt ... | 1976 | 1006715 |
| [on n2-fixing clostridia and bacilli from soils (author's transl)]. | in total 30 nitrogen-fixing, saccharolytic clostridia and 4 nitrogen-fixing bacilli, all freshly isolated from gleyed soils, were screened for sensitivity to 20 antibiotics. the isolates were compared in their sensitivity with 5 type cultures representing the species clostridium butyricum, c. saccharobutyricum (2 strains) c. multifermentans and c. sporogenes. generally speaking, both clostridia and bacilli are sensitive to the same antibiotics (table 2). in addition, the nitrogen-fixing bacilli ... | 1976 | 970026 |
| [hydrogenase activity of different strains of clostridium butyricum]. | extracts of the cells of clostridium butyricum, strains mo-1, usa, tm-7b, ws-6k, and c. pasteurianum 038 absorb hydrogen in the presence of its different acceptors; hydrogen is absorbed most actively by the cell extracts of c. pasteurianum 038. the cell extracts of all studied strains of clostridium liberate hydrogen from reduced methylviologene, benzylviologene, and azocarmine. the rate of this process in the presence of reduced methyl-viologene was highest in the strains of c. butyricum, tm-7b ... | 1976 | 940495 |
| continuous hydrogen production by immobilized whole cells of clostridium butyricum. | 1976 | 9145 | |
| effects of growth temperature and supplementation with exogenous fatty acids on some physical properties of clostridium butyricum phospholipids. | 1977 | 198003 | |
| [experiments with hemosensitins from clostridium butyricum]. | 1977 | 602304 | |
| anaerobic dechlorination and degradation of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers by anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. | screening studies with strict and facultative anaerobic bacteria showed that clostridium app. and several other representatives of bacillaceae and enterobacteriaceae actively degraded gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-hch) under anaerobic conditions. representatives of lactobacillaceae and propronibacterium were inactive. with 36cl-labelled gamma-hch a nearly complete dechlorination was shown to occur in 4--6 days by clostridium butyricum, c. pasteurianum and citrobacter freundii, while other f ... | 1977 | 74989 |
| outbreak of necrotising enterocolitis caused by clostridium butyricum. | 12 hospital-born babies had necrotising enterocolitis, of varying severity, within six weeks, 5 of them within ten days. the usually described predisposing causes were absent in most, though no baby was exclusively breast -fed. evidence of the presence of clostridium butyricum was found in the blood of 9 out of 10 babies examined. cl. butyricum is probably a primary, not a secondary invader. | 1977 | 73010 |
| clostridium butyricum and necrotising enterocolitis. | 1978 | 74537 | |
| partial purification and properties of acyl-coa reductase from clostridium butyricum. | 1978 | 213033 | |
| effects of small amounts of pentadecan-2-one on the growth of clostridium butyricum. | primary alcohols occur as trace lipids and are the only long-chain alcohol species present in clostridium butyricum. secondary alcohols do not occur physiologically in this microorganism. exposure of these cells to the methyl ketone, pentadecan-2-one, results in a marked decrease in the primary alcohol content with the secondary alcohol, pentadadecan-2-ol, becoming the major alcohol present. this change in lipid composition is associated with a significant decrease in growth rate that is proport ... | 1978 | 690515 |
| clostridium pseudotetanicum bacteremia in a patient with pasteurella multocida conjunctivitis. | clostridium pseudotetanicum only once previously has been identified as causing disease. pasteurella multocida has been identified only three times as the cause of purulent conjunctivitis. a very debilitated patient had c. pseudotetanicum bacteremia and p. multocida conjunctivitis from which she recovered only to die of a nosocomial staphylococcus epidermidis septicemia, originating in a site for the administration of intravenous fluids. | 1978 | 730826 |
| the liquefaction (oncolysis) of malignant gliomas by a non pathogenic clostridium. | vascular glioblastomas become liquefied when contaminated with spores of the non-pathogenic clostridium butyricum m 55. the spores are administered by intracarotid injection. the oncolysis is complete one week after injection. the glioblastoma is converted into a brain abscess which is then operated on appropriately. forty nine patients have been treated in this manner. the rate of recurrence, however, remained uninfluenced. | 1978 | 696441 |
| [tumor localization in vivo on the basis of scintigraphic detection of clostridium rods by means of 131j-labeled antibodies and f(ab')2 antibody fragments]. | the authors report about investigations for localization of tumours in vivo by scintigrafic iddntification of clostridium butyricum jena h8 by 131i-labelled antibodies and by 131i-labelled f(ab')2-fragment antibodies in mouse transplantation-tumour uvt 15264. the application of 131i-labelled anti-clostridial-rod-antibodies in tumour bearing mice demonstrates increase of radioactivity in tumours of animals, pretreated by spores, as well as in animals without pretreatment. these appearently unspec ... | 1979 | 532240 |
| [germinating capacity of clostridium butyricum jena h 8 in transplantation tumors (author's transl)]. | following parenteral application of spores of clostridium butyricum their intratumoral germination and oncolysis were demonstrated on a variety of mouse transplantation tumors. the germination and propagation of the clostridia was restricted exclusively to the tumor tissue, they could not be demonstrated bacterioscopically in parallelly run normal tissue specimens. the observed differences of germination and lysis rate are due, in part, to tumor host and transplantate-specific properties. | 1979 | 475554 |