Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| glucose but not polypeptone reduces the effect of probiotic preparations to stimulate carbohydrate breakdown and reduce net ammonia production by pig cecal bacteria in vitro. | probiotic preparations are used to prevent or treat diarrhea. probiotic preparations increase the in vitro breakdown of carbohydrates and decrease that of protein by mixed cecal bacteria in the absence of readily fermentable materials. diarrhea can increase the influx of readily digestible materials into the large intestine. therefore, we compared production of organic acids and ammonia in batch cultures using pig cecal contents with or without probiotic preparations (clostridium butyricum, lact ... | 2001 | 12639405 |
| [evaluation of the bacterial flora in natural corn silage]. | silage is the best method for forage conservation, keeping it in a fresh condition and with high nutrient content. in order to study the natural evolution of maize silage without additives during 50 days after sealed, ph, temperature changes, number and type of the indigenous bacteria were studied every 5 days. the initial ph decreased from 6.40 to 4.10 and temperature stabilized at 26 degrees c. the mesophilic aerobic bacteria were quickly reduced across time. enterococci were descended gradual ... | 2001 | 11494759 |
| implantation of bacteria from human pulpal necrosis and translocation from root canals in gnotobiotic mice. | the aim of this study was to determine whether microorganisms recovered from infected human root canals were able to survive and translocate to a local lymph node when experimentally inoculated into the root canal system of germ-free mice. the microorganisms isolated from two patients with pulpal necrosis were inoculated in two groups of experimental animals; group i (gemella morbillorum) and group ii (bifidobacterium adolescentis, fusobacterium nucleatum, and clostridium butyricum). g. morbillo ... | 2001 | 11592487 |
| regulation of carbon and electron flow in clostridium butyricum vpi 3266 grown on glucose-glycerol mixtures. | the metabolism of clostridium butyricum was manipulated at ph 6.5 and in phosphate-limited chemostat culture by changing the overall degree of reduction of the substrate using mixtures of glucose and glycerol. cultures grown on glucose alone produced only acids (acetate, butyrate, and lactate) and a high level of hydrogen. in contrast, when glycerol was metabolized, 1,3-propanediol became the major product, the specific rate of acid formation decreased, and a low level of hydrogen was observed. ... | 2001 | 11160107 |
| both ph and carbon flux influence the level of rubredoxin in clostridium butyricum. | the rubredoxin expression level in clostridium butyricum dsm 5431 grown in continuous culture was monitored using primer extension analyses of the rub gene and a specific enzymatic assay of the iron-sulfur protein. in this way, we showed that variations in rubredoxin content and in rub mrna level were influenced by the ph of the culture and were directly dependent on the carbon flux. the maximum rubredoxin level reached 1227.3 pmol (mg of proteins)(-1) (i.e. 0.7% of the total protein content) un ... | 2001 | 11685512 |
| effects of acetate and butyrate during glycerol fermentation by clostridium butyricum. | the effects of acetate and butyrate during glycerol fermentation to 1,3-propanediol at ph 7.0 by clostridium butyricum cncm 1211 were studied. at ph 7.0, the calculated quantities of undissociated acetic and butyric acids were insufficient to inhibit bacterial growth. the initial addition of acetate or butyrate at concentrations of 2.5 to 15 gl(-1) had distinct effects on the metabolism and growth of clostridium butyricum. acetate increased the biomass and butyrate production, reducing the lag t ... | 2001 | 11683356 |
| influence of glucose on glycerol metabolism by wild-type and mutant strains of clostridium butyricum e5 grown in chemostat culture. | in order to improve the yield of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-ppd) in clostridium butyricum e5, we carried out cofermentation experiments on glucose/glycerol mixtures in chemostat culture. the results showed the influence of the ratio of the two carbon substrates on the production of the required diol. the progressive increase of glucose in culture medium containing a given concentration of glycerol made it possible to highlight the deviation of carbon flow from the oxidative towards the reducing pathwa ... | 2001 | 11330719 |
| microbial hydrogen production from sweet potato starch residue. | clostridium butyricum could produce hydrogen from a sweet potato starch residue upon supplementation of nitrogen sources. a repeated batch culture using a mixed culture of c. butyricum and enterobacter aerogenes produced hydrogen with a yield of 2.4 mol h2/mol glucose under a controlled culture ph of 5.25 in a medium consisting of the sweet potato starch residue and 0.1% polypepton without addition of any reducing agents. rhodobacter sp. m-19 produced hydrogen from the supernatant of the culture ... | 2001 | 16232947 |
| inhibition of clostridium butyricum by 1,3-propanediol and diols during glycerol fermentation. | 1,3-propanediol inhibition during glycerol fermentation to 1,3-propanediol by clostridium butyricum cncm 1211 has been studied. the initial concentration of the 1,3-propanediol affected the growth of the bacterium more than the glycerol fermentation. mu(max) was inversely proportional to the initial concentration of 1,3-propanediol (0-65 g l(-1)). for glycerol at 20 g l(-1), the growth and fermentation were completely stopped at an initial 1,3-propanediol concentration of 65 g l(-1). however, fo ... | 2000 | 10968633 |
| genetic analysis of type e botulinum toxin-producing clostridium butyricum strains. | type e botulinum toxin (bont/e)-producing clostridium butyricum strains isolated from botulism cases or soil specimens in italy and china were analyzed by using nucleotide sequencing of the bont/e gene, random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) assay, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and southern blot hybridization for the bont/e gene. nucleotide sequences of the bont/e genes of 11 chinese isolates and of the italian strain bl 6340 were determined. the nucleotide sequences of the bont/e ge ... | 2000 | 11055954 |
| the dietary combination of germinated barley foodstuff plus clostridium butyricum suppresses the dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in rats. | recent studies have suggested that dietary fiber exerts a therapeutic effect on ibd patients. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a dietary combination of germinated barley foodstuff (gbf), derived from the aleurone and scutellum fraction of germinated barley, plus clostridium butyricum against dextran sulfate sodium (dss)-induced experimental colitis in rats. | 2000 | 11099059 |
| high production of 1,3-propanediol from industrial glycerol by a newly isolated clostridium butyricum strain. | batch and continuous cultures of a newly isolated clostridium butyricum strain were carried out on industrial glycerol, the major by-product of the bio-diesel production process. for both types of cultures, the conversion yield obtained was around 0.55 g of 1,3-propanediol formed per 1 g of glycerol consumed whereas the highest 1,3-propanediol concentration, achieved during the single-stage continuous cultures was 35-48 g l-1. moreover, the strain presented a strong tolerance at the inhibitory e ... | 2000 | 10682279 |
| preventive efficacy of butyrate enemas and oral administration of clostridium butyricum m588 in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in rats. | butyrate enemas have been reported to be effective in ulcerative colitis. however, long-term use is difficult because of the troublesome procedure and the unpleasant smell. we therefore investigated the effects of the oral administration of clostridium butyricum m588 (cbm588), an enterobacterium producing butyrate, in dextran sodium sulfate (dss)-induced colitis in rats. first, we confirmed the effects of pre-treatment with a butyrate enema on dss colitis. we then studied the efficacy of oral ad ... | 2000 | 10832668 |
| studies of the effect of clostridium butyricum on helicobacter pylori in several test models including gnotobiotic mice. | the interaction between clostridium butyricum and helicobacter pylori was examined in vitro and in vivo. the culture supernate of c. butyricum miyairi 588 inhibited the growth of h. pylori even when its ph was adjusted to 7.4. the bactericidal effect of butyric acid on h. pylori was stronger than that of lactic, acetic or hydrochloric acids. flow cytometric analysis showed that pre-incubation of gastric epithelial (mkn45) cells with h. pylori and c. butyricum inhibited the adhesion of h. pylori ... | 2000 | 10882089 |
| purification and characterization of the 1-3-propanediol dehydrogenase of clostridium butyricum e5. | 1-3 ppd dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.202) was purified to homogeneity from clostridium butyricum e5 grown anaerobically on glycerol in continuous culture. the native enzyme was estimated by gel filtration to have a molecular weight of 384 200 +/- 31 100 da; it is predicted to exist as an octamer or a decamer of identical molecular weight subunits. when tested as a dehydrogenase, the enzyme was most active with 1-3 propane diol. in the physiological direction, 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde was the preferre ... | 2000 | 10938419 |
| gene transfer to clostridium cellulolyticum atcc 35319. | although much is known about the bacterial cellulosome and its various protein components, their contributions to bacterial growth on cellulose and the process of cellulolysis in vivo cannot currently be assessed. to remedy this, the authors have developed gene transfer techniques for clostridium cellulolyticum atcc 35319. firstly, transfer of tn1545 has been obtained using an enterococcus faecalis donor. secondly, incp-mediated conjugative mobilization of plasmids from escherichia coli donors h ... | 2000 | 11101665 |
| development of a modified three-stage methane production process using food wastes. | a modified three-stage system was developed for the rapid production of methane from food wastes. the primary stage was a semianaerobic hydrolysis/acidogenic system, in which approx 4100 mg/l of volatile fatty acids (vfas) was produced at a hydraulic retention time (hrt) of 2 d. the operation temperature and ph were 30 degrees c and 5.0-5.5, respectively. the non-degraded materials were removed through a hole at the bottom of the reactor. the secondary stage was an anaerobic acidogenic system eq ... | 2000 | 10849831 |
| detection, cloning, and sequence analysis of an indigenous plasmid from cellulolytic clostridial strain mcf1. | nucleotide sequence analysis of a 2451-bp plasmid (pmcf1) from a cellulolytic clostridium revealed that the protein specified by the largest open reading frame (orf1) was homologous to repb of clostridium butyricum plasmid pcb101. the data suggest that pmcf1 belongs to the pc194 family of rolling-circle replicating plasmids and the orf1 protein functions as its replication protein. | 2000 | 10686135 |
| isolation and characterisation of neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum from soil in china. | soil specimens collected from a site around the home of patients with food-borne type e. botulism probably caused by neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum in guanyun, jiangsu province, china, were examined for the presence of neurotoxigenic c. butyricum. five lakeside sites of weishan lake, in an area near to the sites where the type e. botulism outbreaks caused by neurotoxigenic c. butyricum occurred were also surveyed. type e toxin-producing c. butyricum was isolated from soil from four sites i ... | 1999 | 9989640 |
| does probiotics administration decrease serum endotoxin levels in infants? | the aim of this study was to examine whether administration of probiotics to infants can change the ratio of intestinal flora and thereby decrease serum endotoxin produced by potentially pathogenic microorganisms. | 1999 | 10052803 |
| distribution of the rubredoxin gene among the clostridium butyricum species. | with pcr methods, the rubredoxin gene was systematically identified among 11 strains of clostridium butyricum; this ubiquity means major functions in the metabolism of the clostridia. the 11 pcr products allowed deduction of a sequence of 26 amino acids corresponding to positions 11-36 of the rubredoxin. they all contained the tyrosines at positions 11 and 13 and the phenylalanine at position 30 characteristic of the rubredoxin, but differed at positions 14-17, 20, 25, 29, and 31, allowing deter ... | 1999 | 10355113 |
| probiotic bacteria stimulate gut epithelial cell proliferation in rat. | probiotics are used for various intestinal diseases. however, their effects on gut epithelial cell proliferation have not been investigated. we administered 10(7) colony-forming units of lactobacillus casei or clostridium butyricum, or no probiotics (control) by gastric intubation once a day for seven days to rats fed an elemental diet. we estimated the crypt cell production rate of the jejunum, ileum, cecum, and distal colon. we also quantified cecal bacteria. both probiotics increased the cryp ... | 1999 | 10548366 |
| intestinal toxemia botulism in two young people, caused by clostridium butyricum type e. | two unconnected cases of type e botulism involving a 19-year-old woman and a 9-year-old child are described. the hospital courses of their illness were similar and included initial acute abdominal pain accompanied by progressive neurological impairment. both patients were suspected of having appendicitis and underwent laparotomy, during which voluminous meckel's diverticula were resected. unusual neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum strains that produced botulinum-like toxin type e were isolated ... | 1999 | 10585782 |
| commentary: where marco polo meets meckel: type e botulism from clostridium butyricum. | 1999 | 10585783 | |
| occurrence of nisin z production in lactococcus lactis bfe 1500 isolated from wara, a traditional nigerian cheese product. | screening for bacteriocin production of 500 strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) from various african fermented foods resulted in the detection of a bacteriocin producing lactococcus lactis (bfe 1500) isolated from a dairy product called wara. the bacteriocin inhibited not only the closely related lab, but also strains of listeria monocytogenes, listeria innocua, clostridium butyricum, clostridium perfringens, bacillis cereus and staphylococcus aureus. it was heat stable even at autoclaving tem ... | 1999 | 10634705 |
| in vitro utilization of amylopectin and high-amylose maize (amylomaize) starch granules by human colonic bacteria. | it has been well established that a certain amount of ingested starch can escape digestion in the human small intestine and consequently enters the large intestine, where it may serve as a carbon source for bacterial fermentation. thirty-eight types of human colonic bacteria were screened for their capacity to utilize soluble starch, gelatinized amylopectin maize starch, and high-amylose maize starch granules by measuring the clear zones on starch agar plates. the six cultures which produced cle ... | 1999 | 10543795 |
| increased growth of bifidobacterium and eubacterium by germinated barley foodstuff, accompanied by enhanced butyrate production in healthy volunteers. | germinated barley foodstuff (gbf) derived from the aleurone and scutellum fractions of germinated barley mainly consists of low-lignified hemicellulose and glutamine-rich protein. gbf improves the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells and defecation, through the bacterial production of short chain fatty acids (scfa), especially butyrate. in this study we investigated the mechanism of production of butyrate by microflora in humans and in vitro. daily administration of 9 g gbf for 14 succes ... | 1999 | 9917526 |
| [antagonistic interaction between clostridium butyricum and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7]. | antagonistic interaction between clostridium butyricum strain miyairi 588 and enterohemorrhagic esherichia coli (ehec) strain o157:h7 006 was examined using streptomycin-treated spf mice and germ free mice. all spf mice pretreated with streptomycin were colonized with ehec o157:h7. on the other hand, only 20% of the spf mice pretreated with streptomycin and c. butyricum were colonized with ehec o157:h7. in addition, germ free mice died within 4-7 days after infection with ehec o157:h7. in contra ... | 1999 | 10077896 |
| cleavage of l-leucine-containing dipeptides by clostridium butyricum. | the ability of clostridium butyricum cultures to hydrolyze three l-leucine-containing dipeptides (leu-leu, leu-gly and gly-leu) in a synthetic minimal medium is demonstrated by using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. the 13c nuclear magnetic resonance and a labeled dipeptide l-[1-13c]leu-gly were used to confirm this activity. | 1999 | 9990466 |
| effects of intestinal bacteria on the development of colonic neoplasm: an experimental study. | effects of intestinal microflora on the development of colonic neoplasm induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (dmh) were observed using conventionalized and gnotobiotic mouse models. the incidence of colonic adenoma in germ-free mice (iqi/jic) (gf), mice conventionalized after dmh injection (cvz-post-dmh) and conventionalized mice (cvz, conventionalized before dmh injection) was 74%, 69% and 58%, respectively. the mean number of adenomas per mouse in the three groups was 2.6, 2.0 and 1.4, respectivel ... | 1999 | 10443953 |
| degradation of pectic substances by two pectate lyases from a human intestinal bacterium, clostridium butyricum-beijerinckii group. | clostridium butyricum-beijerinckii group, an anaerobic human intestinal bacterium, produced exo-pectate lyase, endo-pectate lyase, and pectin methylesterase, but not polygalacturonase. the production of the two pectate lyases was strongly influenced by the composition of the carbon sources added to the medium. the enzymes secreted by the bacterium into the human large intestine cooperatively digested pectic substances, producing mainly 4,5-unsaturated digalacturonic acid with the participation o ... | 1999 | 16232622 |
| the glycyl radical enzyme tdce can replace pyruvate formate-lyase in glucose fermentation. | mutants of escherichia coli unable to synthesize a functional pyruvate formate-lyase (pfl) are severely impaired in their capacity to grow by glucose fermentation. in a functional complementation assay designed to isolate the pfl gene from clostridium butyricum, we fortuitously identified a gene that did not encode a pfl but nonetheless was able to complement the phenotypic defects caused by an e. coli pfl mutation. the clostridial gene encoded a basic 14. 5-kda protein (tcbc) which, based on am ... | 1998 | 9657990 |
| synthesis of 2-hydroxy acid from 2-amino acid by clostridium butyricum. | cultures of clostridium butyricum type strain in synthetic medium supplemented with various l-2-amino acids revealed the presence of the corresponding 2-hydroxy acid. this metabolite is able to produce the polyester poly(2-hydroxyalkanoic acid). the bioconversion is not stereoselective since d-2-amino acids were also converted. chiral gc analysis demonstrated that only d-enantiomer is formed from l-leucine. | 1998 | 9873747 |
| clostridial pathogenicity in experimental necrotising enterocolitis in gnotobiotic quails and protective role of bifidobacteria. | the pathogenesis of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis (nec) remains unclear. gnotobiotic quails fed a lactose diet have been used to investigate the role of clostridial strains originating from faecal specimens of neonates through the intestinal lesions, the changes in microflora balance and the production of bacterial metabolites, i.e., short-chain fatty acids and hydrogen. bifidobacteria are thought to exert various beneficial effects on host health, including interaction with the colonic mic ... | 1998 | 9879939 |
| molecular analysis of the malr gene of clostridium butyricum ncimb 7423, a member of the laci-galr family of repressor proteins. | deletion of a region of dna 5' to a previously characterised malq gene of clostridium butyricum resulted in increased production of the enzyme activity encoded by malq, 4-alpha-glucanotransferase. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the presence of an open reading frame capable of encoding a protein of 335 amino acids. this protein was found to share 33% amino acid sequence identity with the bacillus subtilis ccpa (catabolite control protein) repressor, 28% identity with the streptomyces coeli ... | 1998 | 9711857 |
| gene arrangement in the upstream region of clostridium botulinum type e and clostridium butyricum bl6340 progenitor toxin genes is different from that of other types. | the cluster of genes encoding the botulinum progenitor toxin and the upstream region including p21 and p47 were divided into three different gene arrangements (class i-iii). to determine the gene similarity of the type e neurotoxin (bont/e) complex to other types, the gene organization in the upstream region of the nontoxic-nonhemagglutinin gene (ntnh) was investigated in chromosomal dna from clostridium botulinum type e strain iwanai and c. butyricum strain bl6340. the gene cluster of type e pr ... | 1998 | 9465394 |
| effect of glucose on glycerol metabolism by clostridium butyricum dsm 5431. | the levels of 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase and of the glycerol dehydrogenase in clostridium butyricum grown on glucose-glycerol mixtures were similar to those found in extracts of cells grown on glycerol alone, which can explain the simultaneous glucose-glycerol consumption. on glycerol, 43% of glycerol was oxidized to organic acids to obtain energy for growth and 57% to produce 1,3-propanediol. with glucose-glycerol mixtures, glucose catabolism was used by the cells to produce energy through t ... | 1998 | 9633649 |
| outbreak of suspected clostridium butyricum botulism in india. | 1998 | 9716988 | |
| [estimation of probiotics by infection model of infant rabbit with enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7]. | we examined the preventative effect against enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 (ehec) infection in rabbits on administration of probiotics contained in streptococcus faecalis, clostridium butyricum and bacillus mesentericus. the probiotics were administered to 5 days old japanese white rabbits throughout the experiment. inoculation of 10(6) colony forming units (cfus) of ehec per rabbit was tried 8 days after birth. three days after ehec inoculation, in the control group (not administere ... | 1998 | 9916417 |
| degradation of 2-nitrodiphenylamine, a component of otto fuel ii, by clostridium spp. | otto fuel ii, a propellant in torpedoes, is composed of 76% 1,2 propanediol dinitrate (pgdn), 22.5% di-n-butyl sebacate, and 1.5% 2-nitrodiphenylamine (ndpa), and is largely recalcitrant to aerobic microbial degradation. anaerobic microbial degradation of otto fuel ii was tested by inoculating anaerobic enrichment media, containing either 2% (vol:vol) complete otto fuel ii or 2% of a 0.02% solution of otto fuel ii in methanol, with soil and water from sites contaminated with munitions or with la ... | 1998 | 16887628 |
| classification of clostridium butyricum based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | eleven strains of clostridium butyricum collected from different sources were analysed by both sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the strains could be classified into four groups based on their banding profiles of the proteins extracted from the cells on sds-page. group i consisted of seven strains, and these strains were further divided into five subgroups by pfge. the strains belonging to groups ii, iii, and iv on s ... | 1998 | 16887639 |
| [effects of administration of clostridium butyricum to patients receiving long-term tube feeding]. | in patients who require total parenteral or enteral nutrition the intestinal lining may atrophy and the ability to absorb nutrients may be lost. to prevent atrophy of the small intestine, we administered a suspension of clostridium butyricum to elderly patients receiving tube feeding, and then measured the activation of serum diamine oxidase and the number, form, water content, and bacteria content of stools, indicators of intestinal structure. we found a significant increase in diamine oxidase ... | 1997 | 9212685 |
| characterization of a neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum strain isolated from the food implicated in an outbreak of food-borne type e botulism. | neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum was isolated from the food implicated in an outbreak of clinically diagnosed type e botulism in china. pcr assay showed that the isolate (lcl 155) contained the type e botulinum toxin gene. this appears to be the first report of neurotoxigenic c. butyricum causing food-borne botulism. | 1997 | 9230405 |
| a gene (plsd) from clostridium butyricum that functionally substitutes for the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene (plsb) of escherichia coli. | the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (plsb) of escherichia coli is a key regulatory enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step in phospholipid biosynthesis. we report the initial characterization of a novel gene (termed plsd) from clostridium butyricum, cloned based on its ability to complement the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate auxotrophic phenotype of a plsb mutant strain of e. coli. unlike the 83-kda plsb acyltransferase from e. coli, the predicted plsd open reading frame encoded a protei ... | 1997 | 9393688 |
| recalcitrance of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (dde) to cometabolic degradation by pure cultures of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. | pure cultures of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria capable of oxidation and reductive dehalogenation of chloroethylenes, and aerobic bacteria involved in biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) were screened for their ability to cometabolize the persistent pollutant 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (dde). bacterial cultures expressing methane monooxygenase (methylosinus trichosporium), propane monooxygenase (mycobacterium vaccae) and biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase enzymes (pseudomo ... | 1997 | 9294241 |
| molecular analysis of a clostridium butyricum ncimb 7423 gene encoding 4-alpha-glucanotransferase and characterization of the recombinant enzyme produced in escherichia coli. | an escherichia coli clone was detected in a clostridium butyricum ncimb 7423 plasmid library capable of degrading soluble amylose. deletion subcloning of its recombinant plasmid indicated that the gene(s) responsible for amylose degradation was localized on a 1.8 kb nsphi-scal fragment. this region was sequenced in its entirety and shown to encompass a large orf capable of encoding a protein with a calculated molecular mass of 57,184 da. although the deduced amino acid sequence showed only weak ... | 1997 | 9353929 |
| purification and characterization of konjac glucomannan degrading enzyme from anaerobic human intestinal bacterium, clostridium butyricum-clostridium beijerinckii group. | konjac glucomannan degrading enzyme was purified to homogeneity from the culture broth of an anaerobic human intestinal bacterium, clostridium butyricum-clostridium beijerinckii group. the enzyme was composed of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 50,000-53,000. the enzyme was an endo-beta-mannanase that acted specifically on the polysaccharides such as konjac glucomannan and coffee mannan, producing exclusively their smaller oligosaccharides and the monosaccharides. the optima ... | 1997 | 9362121 |
| intestinal distribution and intraluminal localization of orally administered clostridium butyricum in rats. | clostridium butyricum has been used as a probiotic in animals and humans for years, however, its fate in the intestine has not been clarified yet. we investigated the intestinal fate of c. butyricum using a selective medium and a monoclonal antibody after orally administering c. butyricum spores to rats. the number of c. butyricum, both viable and dead cells, in the intestinal contents were counted by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) at various times after a single oral administration. ... | 1997 | 9343816 |
| immunopotentiating activity of clostridium butyricum in mice. | bacterial vaccine, as generated by heat-inactivated clostridium butyricum cells, displayed antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 in ddy mice and antimetastatic activity against b16-f10 melanoma in bdf1 mice. according to our results, the vaccine has no direct growth inhibitory effect toward the tumor cell lines tested in this study. the vaccine increased gamma-interferon production, elicited delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, and enhanced igm antibody formation and mitogenicity. the phagoc ... | 1996 | 9050255 |
| production and characterization of enterocin 900, a bacteriocin produced by enterococcus faecium bfe 900 from black olives. | enterococcus faecium bfe 900 isolated from black olives produced a bacteriocin termed enterocin 900, which was antagonistic towards lactobacillus sake, clostridium butyricum, enterococci as well as listeria spp. including listeria monocytogenes. enterocin 900 was inactivated by pepsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, proteinase k and trypsin but not by catalase, alpha-amylase, or other non-proteolytic enzymes tested. the bacteriocin was heat stable, retaining activity after heating at 121 degrees c for 15 m ... | 1996 | 8796427 |
| properties of allyl alcohol-resistant mutants of clostridium butyricum grown on glycerol. | mutants of clostridium butyricum e5 exhibiting resistance to allyl alcohol which produced the same quantities of 1,3-propanediol as the wild-type strain but more acetate than butyrate were isolated. the acetate-butyrate formation plays a major function in the regulation of the internal redox balance. allyl alcohol resistance can be attributed not to the loss of 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase but to a shift in the reductive properties of the enzyme. the data support the view that cellular regulati ... | 1996 | 16535411 |
| isolation and characterization of clostridium butyricum dsm 5431 mutants with increased resistance to 1,3-propanediol and altered production of acids. | clostridium butyricum mutants were isolated from the parent strain dsm 5431 after mutagenesis with n-methyl-n(prm1)-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine and two selection procedures: osmotic pressure and the proton suicide method. isolated mutants were more resistant to glycerol and to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-pd) than was the wild type, and they produced more biomass. in batch culture on 62 g of glycerol per liter, the wild type produced more acetic acid than butyrate, with an acetate/butyrate ratio of 5.0, wh ... | 1995 | 16535195 |
| comparison of the energetic efficiencies of hydrogen and oxychemicals formation in klebsiella pneumoniae and clostridium butyricum during anaerobic growth on glycerol. | data for the anaerobic growth of klebsiella pneumoniae dsm 2026 and clostridium butyricum dsm 5431 on glycerol have been analyzed using the concept of material and available electron balances with consideration for hydrogen production. models for the kinetics of energetic efficiencies of product formation under low residual glycerol are presented. for klebsiella pneumoniae, the specific rates of electron transfer to the products were mainly significantly dependent on specific growth rate with th ... | 1995 | 7755965 |
| degradation and fermentation of alpha-gluco-oligosaccharides by bacterial strains from human colon: in vitro and in vivo studies in gnotobiotic rats. | the ability of several human gut bacteria to break down alpha-1,2 and alpha-1,6 glycosidic linkages in alpha-gluco-oligosaccharides (gos) was investigated in vitro in substrate utilization tests. bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, bifidobacterium breve and clostridium butyricum, which are usually found in the infant gut and have been associated with both beneficial and deleterious effects on health, were studied. alpha-gluco-oligosaccharide degradation was compared in vitro and in vivo in gnotobiotic ... | 1995 | 7592106 |
| induction of beta-lactamase by cefoxitin in anaerobic intestinal microflora. | beta-lactamases produced by two anaerobic bacterial strains, bacteroides ovatus ax34:1 and clostridium butyricum nbl3, were shown to be significantly inducible under anaerobic conditions in subinhibitory concentrations of cefoxitin. the induction ratio of beta-lactamase production for bacteroides ovatus was 2.6 and for clostridium butyricum 1.6. incubation of faecal samples with different concentrations of cefoxitin did not result in any induction of beta-lactamase production. when adding a high ... | 1995 | 7729448 |
| a new balance equation of reducing equivalents for data consistency check and bioprocess calculation. | the reducing equivalent (re) balance is a basic equation for data consistency check and calculations of bioprocesses. the macroscopic approach is often used because it does not require detailed knowledge of metabolic pathways. in this work, the conventional minkevich-eroshin balance equation is examined with data of anaerobic glycerol conversion by klebsiella pneumoniae and clostridium butyricum as examples. it is shown that the minkevich-eroshin equation is very insensitive to measurement error ... | 1995 | 8562017 |
| effects of orally administered clostridium butyricum miyairi 588 on mucosal immunity in mice. | the activation of local mucosal immunity by clostridium butyricum miyairi 588 (cbm588) was investigated in germ-free mice. an increase of polyclonal iga production in the small intestine or secretion into the intestinal lumen was observed in mice mono-associated with cbm588 and fed a diet containing killed vegetative cells of cbm588 (vcbm). however, fecal iga of anti-cbm588 was rarely formed in mice administered cbm588 during 6 weeks from administration. cholera toxin was administered orally to ... | 1995 | 8578691 |
| effect of growth supplements and whey pretreatment on butyric acid production by clostridium butyricum. | improved production of butyrate (up to 19 g/l) from whey by clostridium butyricum was achieved by adding either yeast extract (5 g/l) or biotin (50 μg/l). hydrolysed lactose and proteolysed whey were less effective even with added biotin. | 1995 | 24414673 |
| multiple product inhibition and growth modeling of clostridium butyricum and klebsiella pneumoniae in glycerol fermentation. | the inhibition potentials of products and substrate on the growth ofclostridium butyricum and klebsiella pneumoniae in the glycerol fermentation are examined from experimental data and with a mathematicalmodel. whereas the inhibition potential of externally added and self-produced 1,3-propanediol is essentially the same, butyric acid produced by the culture is more toxic than that externally added. the same seems to apply for acetic acid. the inhibitory effect of butyric acid is due tothe total ... | 1994 | 18618908 |
| clostridium butyricum neurotoxin: partial amino acid sequence of major proteolytic fragments and intracellular activity in pc12 cells. | the approximately 150 kda single-chain neurotoxin produced by clostridium butyricum, reported to be similar to c. botulinum neurotoxin serotype e (giménez and sugiyama, infect. immun. 54, 926-929, 1988), was probed with trypsin and endoproteinase lys-c. the two proteases cleaved the butyricum neurotoxin between residues arg 421-lys 422 and lys 418-gly 419, respectively. cleavage at this region, highly susceptible to proteolysis, generated approximately 50 kda light and approximately 100 kda heav ... | 1994 | 7801349 |
| conserved structure of genes encoding components of botulinum neurotoxin complex m and the sequence of the gene coding for the nontoxic component in nonproteolytic clostridium botulinum type f. | for investigation of the genes of proteins associated in vivo with botulinum neurotoxin (bont), polymerase chain reaction (pcr) experiments were carried out with oligonucleotide primers designed to regions of the nontoxic-nonhemagglutinin (ntnh) gene of clostridium botulinum type c. the primers were used to amplify a dna fragment from genomic dna of c. botulinum types a, b, e, f, g and toxigenic strains of clostridium barati and clostridium butyricum. the amplified product from all of these stra ... | 1994 | 7764998 |
| antimetastatic activity induced by clostridium butyricum and characterization of effector cells. | the effects of a bacterial vaccine, heat-killed clostridium butyricum mii 588 cells, on the metastasis of b16-f10 melanoma in bdf1 mice was investigated. the vaccine stimulated natural killer (nk) cell cytotoxic activity against yac-1 target cells, which peaked at 72 hr after the pretreatment, whereas maximum macrophage cytotoxic activity was obtained on days 9 to 11. these stimulated cytotoxic activities were also observed in b16-f10 tumor-bearing bdf1 mice. the important role of stimulated nk ... | 1993 | 8476200 |
| transfer of neurotoxigenicity from clostridium butyricum to a nontoxigenic clostridium botulinum type e-like strain. | two clostridium butyricum strains from infant botulism cases produce a toxic molecule very similar to c. botulinum type e neurotoxin. chromosomal, plasmid, and bacteriophage dnas of toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains of c. butyricum and c. botulinum type e were probed with (i) a synthesized 30-mer oligonucleotide encoding part of the l chain of type e botulinum toxin and (ii) the dna of phages lysogenizing these cultures. the toxin gene probe hybridized to the chromosomal dna of toxigenic strain ... | 1993 | 8285687 |
| nonspecific phospholipase c of listeria monocytogenes: activity on phospholipids in triton x-100-mixed micelles and in biological membranes. | listeria monocytogenes secretes a phospholipase c (plc) which has 39% amino acid sequence identity with the broad-specificity plc from bacillus cereus. recent work indicates that the l. monocytogenes enzyme plays a role during infections of mammalian cells (j.-a. vazquez-boland, c. kocks, s. dramsi, h. ohayon, c. geoffroy, j. mengaud, and p. cossart, infect. immun. 60:219-230, 1992). the homogeneous enzyme has a specific activity of 230 mumol/min/mg when phosphatidylcholine (pc) is dispersed in ... | 1993 | 8331063 |
| purification and properties of a flavodoxin from the heterocystous cyanobacterium anabaena sphaerica. | a flavodoxin was purified to homogeneity from the nitrogen-fixing heterocystous cyanobacterium anabaena sphaerica grown under iron-limited conditions. the protein has a molecular mass of 21 kda, and its spectral properties and amino-acid composition are very close to that of flavodoxins from other cyanobacteria. a. sphaerica flavodoxin supported the activities of a. sphaerica nadp reductase and clostridium butyricum hydrogenase in reconstituted systems with illuminated plant chloroplasts as redu ... | 1993 | 8343530 |
| similarity in nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding nontoxic component of botulinum toxin produced by toxigenic clostridium butyricum strain bl6340 and clostridium botulinum type e strain mashike. | the complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the nontoxic component of botulinum type e progenitor toxin is determined in recombinant plasmid pu9buh containing about 6.0 kb hindiii fragment obtained from chromosomal dna of clostridium butyricum strain bl6340. the open reading frame (orf) of this nontoxic component gene is composed of 3,486 nucleotide bases (1,162 amino acid residues). the molecular weight calculated from deduced amino acid residues is estimated 13,6810.1. the prese ... | 1993 | 8355622 |
| gene probes for identification of the botulinal neurotoxin gene and specific identification of neurotoxin types b, e, and f. | a polymerase chain reaction method was developed for the specific detection of the botulinum neurotoxin (bont) gene of clostridium botulinum. degenerate oligonucleotide primers, designed from the nucleotide sequence of the heavy chain of the bont gene, amplified a specific fragment of approximately 1.1 kb from strains of c. botulinum toxin types a, b, e, f, and g and neurotoxin-producing strains of clostridium barati and clostridium butyricum, but no fragment was obtained from nontoxigenic strai ... | 1993 | 8408542 |
| colony immunoblot assay of botulinal toxin. | botulinal neurotoxin in and around colonies of clostridium botulinum types a, b, and e and of toxigenic clostridium butyricum was detected by an enzyme-linked immunoassay procedure whereby the toxin was transferred from the agar medium to a nitrocellulose support and the immobilized toxin was probed with type-specific antibodies. the method identified the toxin types of the colonies grown from a mixed inoculum of c. botulinum serotypes. the specificity of the antitoxins for type a and b toxins w ... | 1993 | 8357267 |
| quantitative investigations into the elimination of in vitro-obtained spores of the non-pathogenic clostridium butyricum strain cnrz 528, and their persistence in organs of different species following intravenous spore administration. | before the clostridium tumour assay can be applied to the diagnosis of cancer, we sought to investigate--within the framework of a biopharmaceutical safety test--the organ persistence of test spores of clostridium butyricum cnrz 528. we found that non-pathogenic spores obtained in vitro, like pathogenic native spores, escape phagocytosis in various organs up until about 2 years, as tested by anaerobic cultures. the elimination of spores depended on the species of animal, the spore dose and the o ... | 1993 | 8191000 |
| effect of clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam on three different beta-lactamases from bacteroides uniformis, clostridium butyricum and fusobacterium nucleatum. | the effect of three beta-lactamase inhibitors, clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam used in clinical practice were compared for their activity against purified beta-lactamases from bacteroides uniformis, clostridium butyricum and fusobacterium nucleatum. the enzymes from b. uniformis and c. butyricum were produced in fermenters under controlled growth conditions and the enzyme from f. nucleatum was produced in batch cultures. purification of the beta-lactamases was achieved by anion-exchang ... | 1992 | 1331018 |
| plasmid localization of a type e botulinal neurotoxin gene homologue in toxigenic clostridium butyricum strains, and absence of this gene in non-toxigenic c. butyricum strains. | it has been shown recently that two clostridium butyricum strains (atcc 43181 and atcc 43755) contain a botulinal neurotoxin type e (bont/e) gene closely related to that of c. botulinum type e. in this study, we show that this gene is located on a large plasmid in the two toxigenic c. butyricum strains and is absent in 18 non-toxigenic c. butyricum and c. beijerinckii strains. interestingly, the 230 bp upstream and the 1260 bp downstream of the neurotoxin coding sequence are not present in eithe ... | 1992 | 1490606 |
| physical characterization of the replication origin of the cryptic plasmid pcb101 isolated from clostridium butyricum ncib 7423. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a 3484-bp sau3a fragment, previously shown to carry the replication origin of the clostridium butyricum ncib 7423 plasmid pcb101 (6.05 kb), has been determined. of the four open reading frames (orf a-d) identified within this fragment, two (b and c) were shown to be encoding by in vitro transcription/translation assays. evidence was obtained that both polypeptides are required for autonomous replication of the plasmid in bacillus subtilis. orf c is immediately ... | 1992 | 1518909 |
| effect of beta-lactamase inhibitors on beta-lactamases from anaerobic bacteria. | three beta-lactamase inhibitors in clinical use--clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam--were investigated for their activity on beta-lactamases from bacteroides uniformis, clostridium butyricum and fusobacterium nucleatum. purification of the beta-lactamases was carried out by anion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and fplc. the inactivation of beta-lactamase activity was determined spectrophotometrically with nitrocefin as substrate. various concentrations of the inhibitors were prei ... | 1992 | 1338315 |
| comparative sequence analysis of the catb gene from clostridium butyricum. | sequence analysis of the clostridium butyricum chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene, catb, showed that it encoded a cat monomer of 219 amino acids with a molecular weight of 26,114. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of the catb monomer to those of sixteen other cats showed that it was most closely related to the catq monomer from clostridium perfringens. | 1992 | 1489203 |
| sequences of the botulinal neurotoxin e derived from clostridium botulinum type e (strain beluga) and clostridium butyricum (strains atcc 43181 and atcc 43755). | recently, it has been shown that two clostridium butyricum strains (atcc 43181 and atcc 43755), isolated from cases of infant botulism, produce a botulinal neurotoxin type e (bont/e). here we have determined the nucleotide sequences of the bont/e genes of these two c. butyricum strains and from c. botulinum e strain beluga. we show that the sequences of the bont/e genes from the two c. butyricum strains are identical and differ in only 64 positions resulting in 39 amino acid changes (97% identit ... | 1992 | 1543481 |
| cloning and whole nucleotide sequence of the gene for the light chain component of botulinum type e toxin from clostridium butyricum strain bl6340 and clostridium botulinum type e strain mashike. | chromosomal dnas were extracted from clostridium butyricum strain bl6340 and clostridium botulinum type e strain mashike. the 6.0 kbp fragment coding for the entire light chain (l) component and the n-terminus of heavy chain (h) component of botulinum type e toxin was obtained from each extracted dnas after digestion with hindiii. the entire nucleotide sequences for the light chain components of these cloned genes were determined, and the derived amino acid sequences were compared to each other, ... | 1992 | 1602997 |
| degradation of galactomannan by a clostridium butyricum strain. | an anaerobic, sporeforming, galactomannan-degrading bacterium was isolated from methanogenic granular sludge of an uasb reactor used for treatment of wastewater from a sugar refinery. the isolate degraded the polymer rapidly (doubling time was 55 min) and completely in mineral media. the bacterium was classified as clostridium butyricum; the main products were acetate, butyrate, hydrogen, formate, and presumably co2. the strain produced extracellular endo-mannanase, cell-associated exo-mannanase ... | 1991 | 1666501 |
| effects of solvents and alcohols on the polar lipid composition of clostridium butyricum under conditions of controlled lipid chain composition. | clostridium butyricum has been grown in media devoid of biotin, to which long-chain fatty acids have been added to promote growth. we have shown previously that, under these conditions, exogenous fatty acids are extensively incorporated into the cellular phospholipids. cells grown with elaidic acid, trans-9-18:1, have normal ratios of the glycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine (gaplae) to phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) plus plasmenylethanolamine (plae) compared with cells grown with biotin. whe ... | 1991 | 1785927 |
| identification of clostridium botulinum, clostridium argentinense, and related organisms by cellular fatty acid analysis. | on the basis of 686 analyses of 285 strains of clostridium botulinum, clostridium argentinense (formerly c. botulinum type g), and phenotypically related organisms, 14 cellular fatty acid (cfa) groups of toxic organisms and 6 cfa groups of nontoxic organisms were delineated. the cfa groups of toxic strains included two of type a, three of proteolytic strains of type b, two of proteolytic strains of type f, one each of nonproteolytic strains of types b, e, and f, and one each of types c alpha, c ... | 1991 | 1864927 |
| immunological characterization of clostridium butyricum neurotoxin and its trypsin-induced fragment by use of monoclonal antibodies against clostridium botulinum type e neurotoxin. | we examined the reactivities of clostridium butyricum neurotoxin to nine monoclonal antibodies against clostridium botulinum type e neurotoxin which recognize the light chain or the amino-terminal half (h-1 fragment) or the carboxyl-terminal half (h-2 fragment) of the heavy chain of botulinum neurotoxin. butyricum neurotoxin and its derived chains did not react to two of four monoclonal antibodies recognizing the light chain, one of three recognizing the h-1 fragment, and one of two recognizing ... | 1991 | 1987060 |
| cloning of a dna fragment encoding the 5'-terminus of the botulinum type e toxin gene from clostridium butyricum strain bl6340. | chromosomal dna was extracted from toxigenic clostridium butyricum strain bl6340 isolated from a case of infant botulism. after digestion by ecori, a dna fragment of about 1 kbp was cloned into escherichia coli using lambda gt11, and was subcloned into puc118. the e. coli cells transformed with this cloned fragment produced a 33 kda protein which reacted with monoclonal antibodies recognizing the light chain (lc) component of botulinum type e toxin. the nucleotide sequence of the cloned fragment ... | 1991 | 2033376 |
| characterization of neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum strain by dna hybridization test and by in vivo and in vitro germination tests of spores. | the germination of spores of a neurotoxigenic clostridium butyricum strain (bl 6340), which was isolated from infant botulism in italy, and that of a nontoxigenic c. butyricum type strain (ncib 7423) were studied. the spores of bl 6340 strain were killed at 80 c for 10 min, and required the mixture of l-alanine, l-lactate, glucose and bicarbonate for their optimal germination. these characteristics are the same as those of clostridium botulinum type e strain, but different from those of ncib 742 ... | 1991 | 1808463 |
| comparative molecular topography of botulinum neurotoxins from clostridium butyricum and clostridium botulinum type e. | production of botulinum-like neurotoxin by a non-clostridium botulinum organism has profound implications in the epidemiology of the disease botulism. molecular topography of the approximately 150 kda neurotoxic protein produced by clostridium butyricum (strain 5839) and its activation kinetics were examined and compared with a serologically related botulinum neurotoxin produced by c. botulinum type e to further characterize the butyricum neurotoxin. botulinum neurotoxin was fully activated with ... | 1991 | 1901221 |
| [inhibition of enteropathogens by clostridium butyricum miyairi 588]. | the inhibitory effect of clostridium butyricum miyairi 588 against various enteropathogens was investigated in mixed cultures. it was observed that c. butyricum m588 inhibited the growth of vibrio cholerae o1, v. cholerae non-o1, aeromonas hydrophila, and shigella flexneri. considering that the interaction between c. butyricum and shigella is especially important because of their proliferation site in the lower intestine, further examinations were carried out on shigella in particular. results w ... | 1990 | 2193065 |
| resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in anaerobic bacteria. | the known mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance in anaerobic bacteria involve production of beta-lactamases, alteration of penicillin-binding proteins, and blocked penetration of beta-lactam antibiotics through bacterial outer membranes. the most important factor in beta-lactam resistance is production of beta-lactamases, which have been found in various bacteroides, fusobacterium, and clostridium species. beta-lactam resistance in bacteroides fragilis is commonly mediated by beta-lactamases that ... | 1990 | 2406875 |
| phosphatidyltransferase of clostridium butyricum: specificity for diacylphosphoglycerides. | phosphatidyltransferase from clostridium butyricum, which catalyzes transfer of the phosphatidyl moiety of phosphatidylethanolamine (pe), phosphatidylglycerol (pg) or phosphatidylserine to primary alcohols such as glycerol, serine and ethanolamine, was tested for its ability to catalyze transfer of the plasmenyl moiety from plasmalogen analogs of pe or pg to glycerol or ethanolamine, respectively. the cell membrane of c. butyricum contains high proportions of these plasmalogens. when diacyl and ... | 1990 | 2163683 |
| application of microbiological cancer test to cattle infected with bovine leucosis virus. | a microbiological cancer test, previously verified in men and dogs using a clostridium strain (clostridium butyricum cnrz 528), was applied to cattle infected with bovine leucosis virus (blv). an extended period of time was allowed to pass after infection with blv, which had been checked up through specific serological and virological examinations. the cattle belonged to different age groups and stages of infection (with and without haematological alterations [preleukosis], with incipient tumour ... | 1990 | 2167047 |
| conjugative plasmid transfer from escherichia coli to clostridium acetobutylicum. | the conjugation mechanism of incp plasmids may be employed to mobilize small non-conjugative plasmids from escherichia coli to a wide range of different organisms. this strategy has been adapted for use with the gram-positive anaerobe, clostridium acetobutylicum ncib 8052. several shuttle vectors containing replicons from pam beta 1 (enterococcus faecalis), pcb101 (clostridium butyricum) or pwv01 (streptococcus cremoris), together with the cis-acting orit region of rk2, have been constructed, an ... | 1990 | 2199603 |
| phosphatidylglycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine as an intermediate in ether lipid formation in clostridium butyricum. | the formation and turnover of the recently discovered phosphatidylglycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine was investigated in clostridium butyricum. incorporation of phosphate into the phospholipids was studied by using [32p]orthophosphate in pulse and pulse-chase experiments in growing cells. among the ethanolamine-containing lipids, the diacyl form of phosphatidylethanolamine was labeled most rapidly, followed by the phosphatidylglycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine and plasmenylethanolami ... | 1990 | 2350489 |
| [preventive effect of clostridium butyricum m588 against the proliferation of clostridium difficile during antimicrobial therapy]. | fecal flora of the patients without remarkable gastrointestinal diseases were studied. all patients were treated with antimicrobial drugs with or without miya-bm (the preparation of clostridium butyricum m588). the stools were examined before and after (during) antimicrobial treatment. fecal flora of 69 patients before medication was almost the same with that of healthy adults as has been reported by mitsuoka et al. after giving antimicrobials, most bacterial genus except enterococcus and yeasts ... | 1990 | 2286785 |
| efficiency factors and atp/adp ratios in nitrogen-fixing bacillus polymyxa and bacillus azotofixans. | the efficiency factor, the number of moles of atp generated per mole of glucose fermented, was determined in anaerobic, non-carbon-limited n2-fixing cultures of bacillus polymyxa, bacillus macerans, bacillus azotofixans, and clostridium butyricum through identification and quantitation of the fermentation products by 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and measurement of acetate kinase activities. all three bacillus species had acetate kinase activities and produced acetate and ethanol a ... | 1990 | 2318806 |
| enumeration and confirmation of clostridium tyrobutyricum in silages using neutral red, d-cycloserine, and lactate dehydrogenase activity. | spores of clostridia in big bale silages, manure, and dairy products were enumerated and distinguished from other spore formers by using reinforced clostridium agar containing .005% neutral red. spores of clostridium tyrobutyricum predominated, but spores of clostridium butyricum, clostridium sporogenes, clostridium bifermentans, clostridium putrificum, and clostridium sphenoides occurred to a lesser extent. in samples with high bacterial spore counts, growth of bacillus spp., but not c. tyrobut ... | 1990 | 2341647 |
| ammonia assimilation pathways in nitrogen-fixing clostridium kluyverii and clostridium butyricum. | pathways of ammonia assimilation into glutamic acid were investigated in ammonia-grown and n2-fixing clostridium kluyverii and clostridium butyricum by measuring the specific activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase. c. kluyverii had nadph-glutamate dehydrogenase with a km of 12.0 mm for nh4+. the glutamate dehydrogenase pathway played an important role in ammonia assimilation in ammonia-grown cells but was found to play a minor role relative to that of ... | 1989 | 2564848 |
| purification and characterization of a new beta-lactamase from clostridium butyricum. | a highly penicillin-resistant beta-lactamase-producing strain of clostridium butyricum, strain nbl 3, was isolated. the specific activity of the unpurified beta-lactamase was 0.29 u/mg of protein. the enzyme was purified 1,130-fold by qae zetaprep, sephacryl s-300, and mono q column passages. the purified enzyme was judged homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate gradient gel electrophoresis and fast protein liquid chromatography. the enzyme hydrolyzed phenoxymethylpenicillin, benzylpenicillin, amp ... | 1989 | 2802556 |
| experimental cecitis in gnotobiotic quails monoassociated with clostridium butyricum strains isolated from patients with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and from healthy newborns. | using axenic quails fed a diet containing lactose, we have investigated the potentially pathogenic roles of six clostridium butyricum strains of human origin. three strains (cb155-3, cb1002, and cb203-1) isolated from neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis patients and two of three strains (cb19-1 and cb25-2) isolated from healthy newborns led to cecal or crop lesions or both similar to those observed in human neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: thickening of the cecal wall with gas cysts, hemorrhag ... | 1989 | 2917793 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel four-chain ether lipid from clostridium butyricum: the phosphatidylglycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine. | we describe the isolation and characterization of a novel four-chain ether phospholipid in clostridium butyricum grown on petroselinic acid in the absence of biotin. the results of quantitative analyses of hydrolytic products, selective hydrolysis by mild acid or phospholipase c, 1h-, 13c-, and 31p-nmr, and fast atom bombardment-mass spectroscopy (fabms) have resulted in the determination of the structure of this lipid as a phosphatidylglycerol acetal of plasmenylethanolamine. smaller amounts of ... | 1988 | 3382687 |
| purification and partial characterization of two proteinases from clostridium butyricum m 55. | clostridium butyricum m55 proteinases were purified by application of a multistep procedure involving ethanol precipitation, deae cellulose chromatography and molecular sieving. the purified enzymes obtained were called proteinase i and proteinase ii. they appeared to be homogeneous when examined by molecular sieving and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the highly purified proteinases were studied for their physico-chemical properties. the influences of ph, temperature, ionic strength and ami ... | 1988 | 3293333 |
| cloning of two chloramphenicol acetyltransferase genes from clostridium butyricum and their expression in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. | two non-homologous chloramphenicol (cm) acetyltransferase (cat) genes, designated cata and catb, were cloned from clostridium butyricum type strains and characterized by restriction mapping. both genes are efficiently expressed in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. in contrast to analogous genes from staphylococci and bacilli, gene expression is not dependent on induction by cm. the genes are considered as chromosomal, since no association with endogenous plasmids was detectable. southern h ... | 1988 | 3148853 |
| production of volatile fatty acids as a result of bacterial interactions in the cecum of gnotobiotic rats and chickens fed a lactose-containing diet. | volatile fatty acid (vfa) productions from lactose and lactate by a clostridium butyricum and a veillonella alcalescens strain, alone or in combination with a lactobacillus acidophilus strain, were determined both in vitro in culture media and in vivo in the ceca of gnotobiotic animals. gnotobiotic rats, which possess intestinal lactase, and chickens, which are devoid of it, were used. both animal species were fed a diet containing 4% lactose. the in vitro results showed that the c. butyricum st ... | 1988 | 3148988 |
| comparison of toxins of clostridium butyricum and clostridium botulinum type e. | the toxin of clostridium butyricum strains isolated from two infants with botulism is neutralized by antitoxin for type e botulinum toxin. this toxin and that of a c. botulinum type e strain were purified by the same protocol. both toxins were mr 145,000 proteins which, when activated with trypsin, were composed of an h subunit of mr 105,000 and an l subunit of mr 50,000. the activated specific toxicity of purified butyricum toxin based on an intravenous assay was 2 x 10(8) mouse 50% lethal dose ... | 1988 | 3126148 |