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assembly and function of the bacillus anthracis s-layer.bacillus anthracis, the anthrax agent, is a member of the bacillus cereus sensu lato group, which includes invasive pathogens of mammals or insects as well as nonpathogenic environmental strains. the genes for anthrax pathogenesis are located on two large virulence plasmids. similar virulence plasmids have been acquired by other b. cereus strains and enable the pathogenesis of anthrax-like diseases. among the virulence factors of b. anthracis is the s-layer-associated protein bsla, which endows ...201728622090
recombinant protein expression, crystallization, and biophysical studies of a bacillus-conserved nucleotide pyrophosphorylase, bcmazg.to overcome safety restrictions and regulations when studying genes and proteins from true pathogens, their homologues can be studied. bacillus anthracis is an obligate pathogen that causes fatal inhalational anthrax. bacillus cereus is considered a useful model for studying b. anthracis due to its close evolutionary relationship. the gene cluster ba1554 - ba1558 of b. anthracis is highly conserved with the bc1531- bc1535 cluster in b. cereus, as well as with the bt1364-bt1368 cluster in bacillu ...201728570540
draft genome sequences of bacillus cereus e41 and bacillus anthracis f34 isolated from algerian salt lakes.two strains of bacillus, b. cereus e41 and b. anthracis f34, were isolated from a salt lake in aïn m'lila-oum el bouaghi, eastern algeria, and ain baida-ouargla, southern algeria, respectively. their genomes display genes for the production of several bioactive secondary metabolites, including polyhydroxyalkanoate, iron siderophores, lipopeptides, and bacteriocins.201728522726
complete genome sequence of the nematicidal bacillus thuringiensis mybt18246.10.1601/nm.5000 is a rod-shaped facultative anaerobic spore forming bacterium of the genus 10.1601/nm.4857. the defining feature of the species is the ability to produce parasporal crystal inclusion bodies, consisting of δ-endotoxins, encoded by cry-genes. here we present the complete annotated genome sequence of the nematicidal 10.1601/nm.5000 strain mybt18246. the genome comprises one 5,867,749 bp chromosome and 11 plasmids which vary in size from 6330 bp to 150,790 bp. the chromosome contains ...201728852435
levels of l-malate and other low molecular weight metabolites in spores of bacillus species and clostridium difficile.dormant spores of bacillus species lack atp and nadh and contain notable levels of only a few other common low mol wt energy reserves, including 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3pga), and glutamic acid. recently, bacillus subtilis spores were reported to contain ~ 30 μmol of l-malate/g dry wt, which also could serve as an energy reserve. in present work, l-malate levels were determined in the core of dormant spores of b. subtilis, bacillus cereus, bacillus megaterium and clostridium difficile, using bot ...201728850573
antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extract and fractions of tetradenia riparia (hochst.) codd (lamiaceae) leaves from brazil.tetradenia riparia (lamiaceae) is native to central africa popularly known as myrrh, used in folk medicine to treat various diseases like malaria, gastroenteritis, and tropical skin disease. this research was to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the crude extract (ce) and fractions (fr) of the t. riparia by classical chromatography. the ce of t. riparia leaves was submitted to column chromatographic fractionation to obtain four fractions of the interest, which were identif ...201728840299
contribution of native phosphorous-solubilizing bacteria of acid soils on phosphorous acquisition in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.).the present investigation analyzes the in vitro p solubilization [ca-p, al-p, fe(ii)-p, and fe(iii)-p] efficiency of native psb strains from acid soils of odisha and exploitation of the same through biofertilization in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) growth and p acquisition. one hundred six numbers of soil samples with ph ≤ 5.50 were collected from five districts of odisha viz., balasore, cuttack, khordha, keonjhar, and mayurbhanj. one bacterial isolate from each district were selected and analyze ...201728455550
discovery of a potent inhibitor class with high selectivity toward clostridial collagenases.secreted virulence factors like bacterial collagenases are conceptually attractive targets for fighting microbial infections. however, previous attempts to develop potent compounds against these metalloproteases failed to achieve selectivity against human matrix metalloproteinases (mmps). using a surface plasmon resonance-based screening complemented with enzyme inhibition assays, we discovered an n-aryl mercaptoacetamide-based inhibitor scaffold that showed sub-micromolar affinities toward coll ...201728820255
epidemiological study of common diseases and their risk factors in camels in south punjab, pakistan.bacteriological study of mastitis along with common blood protozoan diseases were studied in dromedary camels in cholistan, dera ismail khan and rahim yar khan districts in south punjab, pakistan. for this purpose 300 camels were sampled randomly at different common grazing and watering point. for study of blood parasites clinically suspected and apparently healthy camels, 150 each, were sampled. an overall prevalence of 15%and 5% was recorded for trypanosomiasis and anaplasmosis respectively. t ...201728428133
infection-related complications during treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.comprehensive studies on neutropenia and infection-related complications in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) are lacking.201728426102
phosphate crosslinked pectin based dual responsive hydrogel networks and nanocomposites: development, swelling dynamics and drug release characteristics.potential dual responsive hydrogel networks (ppad) are fabricated from pectin, poly((2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)) and phosphate crosslinker bis[2-methacryloyloxy] ethyl phosphate (bmep) by a simple free radical polymerization. these hydrogel networks are successfully utilized for encapsulation of an anti-cancer drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) and also employed as versatile platforms for production of silver nanoparticles. fabricated hydrogel networks and silver nanocomposites were characteri ...201728576553
bacterial contaminants from frozen puff pastry production process and their growth inhibition by antimicrobial substances from lactic acid bacteria.seventy-five bacterial contaminants which still persisted to cleaning system from three puff pastry production lines (dough forming, layer and filling forming, and shock freezing) were identified using 16s rdna as seven genera of bacillus, corynebacterium, dermacoccus, enterobacter, klebsiella, pseudomonas, and staphylococcus with detection frequencies of 24.00, 2.66, 1.33, 37.33, 1.33, 2.66, and 30.66, respectively. seventeen species were discovered while only 11 species bacillus cereus, b. sub ...201728572930
paneth-cell-disruption-induced necrotizing enterocolitis in mice requires live bacteria and occurs independently of tlr4 signaling.necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. both human surgical specimens and animal models suggest a potential involvement of paneth cells in nec pathogenesis. paneth cells play critical roles in epithelial homeostasis, innate immunity and host-microbial interactions. yet, the complex interplay between paneth cell disruption, epithelial barrier dysfunction and microbial-driven inflammation remains unclear in the immature intestine. in ...201728450472
simulating intestinal growth conditions enhances toxin production of enteropathogenic bacillus cereus.bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous bacterial pathogen increasingly reported to be the causative agent of foodborne infections and intoxications. since the enterotoxins linked to the diarrheal form of food poising are foremost produced in the human intestine, the toxic potential of enteropathogenic b. cereus strains is difficult to predict from studies carried out under routine cultivation procedures. in this study, toxigenic properties of a panel of strains (n = 19) of diverse origin were compared ...201728446903
bacteriophage exclusion (brex): a novel anti-phage mechanism in the arsenal of bacterial defense system.the arm race between bacteria and phages leads to the development of many phage resistance mechanisms. bacteria are perpetually changing their strategy to avert phage infection and killing. recently, a study published that shed light on a novel bacterial defense system called bacteriophage exclusion (brex). brex system is a six-gene cassette in bacillus cereus which provides complete phage resistance to a broad range of phages, including lytic and temperate ones. it is a novel defense strategy w ...201728444888
effects of culture conditions on the size, morphology and wet density of spores of bacillus cereus 569 and bacillus megaterium qm b1551.the influence of variable culture conditions on the size and wet density of spores of bacillus cereus and bacillus megaterium were examined in this work. culture temperature and initial ph was shown to have a significant impact on the size of both species, with increasingly alkaline culture media and elevated culture temperatures resulting in spores that were, on average, up to 25% reduced in volume. increasing concentrations of inorganic salts in sporulation media exerted differing effects on e ...201728419596
virulence analysis of bacillus cereus isolated after death of preterm neonates, nice, france, 2013.after the deaths of 2 preterm neonates with bacillus cereus systemic infection in the same intensive care unit, we investigated the pathogenic potential of this bacterium. genetic and virulence analysis indicated the neonates were infected with 2 different strains with a virulence potential similar to environmental strains, indicating likely patient immune response failure.201728418291
crystal structure of the flagellar chaperone flis from bacillus cereus and an invariant proline critical for flis dimerization and flagellin recognition.flis is a cytoplasmic flagellar chaperone for the flagellin, which polymerizes into filaments outside of the flagellated bacteria. cytoplasmic interaction between flis and flagellin is critical to retain the flagellin protein in a monomeric form, which is transported from the cytoplasm through the flagellar export apparatus to the extracellular space for filament assembly. defects in the flis protein directly diminish bacterial motility, pathogenicity, and viability. although the overall structu ...201728414127
antibacterial and antioxidative activity of o-amine functionalized chitosan.cinnamaldehyde was immobilized to o-amine functionalized chitosan via a coupling reaction. fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed n-cinnamyl substitution. wetting analyses demonstrate more hydrophobicity in the n-cinnamyl substituted o-amine functionalized chitosan compared to chitosan or unsubstituted o-amine functionalized chitosan. thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry demonstrates that the prepared n-cinnamyl substituted o-amine functionalized chitosan ...201728504167
effect of glucose and olive oil as potential carbon sources on production of phas copolymer and tercopolymer by bacillus cereus fa11.in this study, the influence of different physicochemical parameters on the yield of polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) produced by bacillus cereus fa11 is investigated. the physicochemical factors include ph, temperature, time, inoculum size and its age, agitation speed and composition of the glucose rich peptone deficient (grpd) medium. during two-stage fermentation, b. cereus fa11 produced a significantly high (p < 0.05) yield (80.59% w/w) of phas copolymer using grpd medium containing glucose (15  ...201728501987
predicting genome terminus sequences of bacillus cereus-group bacteriophage using next generation sequencing data.most tailed bacteriophages (phages) feature linear dsdna genomes. characterizing novel phages requires an understanding of complete genome sequences, including the definition of genome physical ends.201728472946
the putative drug efflux systems of the bacillus cereus group.the bacillus cereus group of bacteria includes seven closely related species, three of which, b. anthracis, b. cereus and b. thuringiensis, are pathogens of humans, animals and/or insects. preliminary investigations into the transport capabilities of different bacterial lineages suggested that genes encoding putative efflux systems were unusually abundant in the b. cereus group compared to other bacteria. to explore the drug efflux potential of the b. cereus group all putative efflux systems wer ...201728472044
genome-wide investigation of biofilm formation in bacillus cereus.bacillus cereus is a soil-dwelling gram-positive bacterium capable of forming structured multicellular communities, or biofilms. however, the regulatory pathways controlling biofilm formation are less well understood in b. cereus in this work, we developed a method to study b. cereus biofilms formed at the air-liquid interface. we applied two genome-wide approaches, random transposon insertion mutagenesis to identify genes that are potentially important for biofilm formation, and transcriptome a ...201728432092
the spo0a-sini-sinr regulatory circuit plays an essential role in biofilm formation, nematicidal activities, and plant protection in bacillus cereus ar156.the rhizosphere bacterium bacillus cereus ar156 is capable of forming biofilms, killing nematodes, and protecting plants. however, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these processes are not well understood. in this study, we found that the isogenic mutants δbcspo0a and δbcsini have significantly reduced colonization and nematicidal activity in vitro and biological control efficacy on the tomato plant under greenhouse conditions. we further investigated the role of the spo0a-sini-sinr regulat ...201728430084
antibacterial and antibiotic potentiating activities of tropical marine sponge extracts.increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has led research to focus on discovering new antimicrobial agents derived from the marine biome. although ample studies have investigated sponges for their bioactive metabolites with promising prospects in drug discovery, the potentiating effects of sponge extracts on antibiotics still remains to be expounded. the present study aimed to investigate the antibacterial capacity of seven tropical sponges collected from mauritian waters and their modulat ...201728392375
genetic diversity and population structure of the bacillus cereus group bacteria from diverse marine environments.the phylogenetic diversity of marine bacteria belonged to the bacillus cereus group has not been well investigated. here, we present the genetic diversity and population structure of 71 bacteria from diverse marine environments, using a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) approach and the analyses of digital dna-dna hybridization (dddh) and average nucleotide identity (ani) based on some representative genomic sequences. the mlst analysis demonstrated that these isolates were highly diverse and a ...201728386130
aptamer-based trapping: enrichment of bacillus cereus spores for real-time pcr detection.aptamer-based trapping techniques are in general suitable to replace common antibody-based enrichment approaches. a time-consuming isolation or clean-up is often necessary during sample preparation, e.g. for the detection of spores. for the development of bioanalytical routine approaches, aptamers with a high affinity to b. cereus spores were applied for the establishment and validation of an aptamer-based trapping technique in milk with fat contents between 0.3 and 3.5%. thereby, enrichment fac ...201728478557
the phosphotransferase system gene ptsi in bacillus cereus regulates expression of soda2 and contributes to colonization of wheat roots.plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria effectively enhance plant growth and root colonization by the bacteria is a prerequisite during the process. bacillus cereus 905, a rhizosphere bacterium originally isolated from wheat roots, colonizes the wheat rhizosphere with a large population size. we previously showed that a manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (mnsod2), encoded by the soda2 gene, plays an important role in colonization of the wheat rhizosphere by b. cereus 905. in this study, we i ...201728478075
green synthesis, characterisation and bioactivity of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles using decalepis hamiltonii root extract.consistent search of plants for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (snps) is an important arena in nanomedicine. this study focuses on synthesis of snps using bioreduction of silver nitrate (agno3) by aqueous root extract of decalepis hamiltonii. the biosynthesis of snps was monitored by uv-vis analysis at absorbance maxima 432 nm. the fluorescence emission spectra of snps illustrated the broad emission peak 450-483 nm at different excitation wavelengths. the surface characteristics were st ...201728476981
seasonal outbreak of bacillus bacteremia associated with contaminated linen in hong kong.a high seasonal incidence of bacillus bacteremia was associated with the use of contaminated hospital linens.201728475782
production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (pha) using sludge from different wastewater treatment processes and the potential for medical and pharmaceutical applications.in this study, seven strains of bacteria with polyhydroxyalkanoates (pha)-producing ability (i.e., bacillus cereus, pseudomonas putida, bacillus pumilus, pseudomona-huttiensis, yersinia-frederiksenii, aeromonas ichthiosmia and sphingopyxis terrae) were isolated from various waste treatment plants in hong kong. simultaneous wastewater treatment and pha accumulation were successfully achieved in the bioreactors using isolated bacteria from different sludges. at the organic loading less than 13000 ...201728387154
diversity of endophytic bacteria in a fern species dryopteris uniformis (makino) makino and evaluation of their antibacterial potential against five foodborne pathogenic bacteria.the fern plant dryopteris uniformis has traditionally been used in herbal medicine and possesses many biological activities. this study was conducted to explore the endophytic bacterial diversity associated with d. uniformis and evaluate their antibacterial potential against foodborne pathogenic bacteria (fpb). among 51 isolated endophytic bacteria (eb), 26 eb were selected based on their morphological characteristics and identified by 16s rrna gene analysis. the distribution of eb was diverse i ...201728418717
expression and purification of transmembrane protein mere from mercury resistant bacillus cereus.mercury resistant (hg(r)) bacteria were isolated from heavy metal polluted wastewater and soil collected near to tanneries of district kasur, pakistan. bacterial isolates az-1, az-2 and az-3 showed resistance up to 40 μg/ml against mercuric chloride (hgcl2). 16s rdna ribotyping and phylogenetic analysis were performed for the characterization of selected isolates as bacillus sp. az-1 (kt270477), bacillus cereus az-2 (kt270478) and bacillus cereus az-3 (kt270479). phylogenetic relationship on the ...201728783894
structural and immunochemical relatedness suggests a conserved pathogenicity motif for secondary cell wall polysaccharides in bacillus anthracis and infection-associated bacillus cereus.bacillus anthracis (ba) and human infection-associated bacillus cereus (bc) strains bc g9241 and bc 03bb87 have secondary cell wall polysaccharides (scwps) comprising an aminoglycosyl trisaccharide repeat: →4)-β-d-manpnac-(1→4)-β-d-glcpnac-(1→6)-α-d-glcpnac-(1→, substituted at glcnac residues with both α- and β-galp. in bc g9241 and bc 03bb87, an additional α-galp is attached to o-3 of mannac. using nmr spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and immunochemical methods, we compared these structures to s ...201728832613
non-toxin-producing bacillus cereus strains belonging to the b. anthracis clade isolated from the international space station.in an ongoing microbial observatory investigation of the international space station (iss), 11 bacillus strains (2 from the kibo japanese experimental module, 4 from the u.s. segment, and 5 from the russian module) were isolated and their whole genomes were sequenced. a comparative analysis of the 16s rrna gene sequences of these isolates showed the highest similarity (>99%) to the bacillus anthracis-b. cereus-b. thuringiensis group. the fatty acid composition, polar lipid profile, peptidoglycan ...201728680972
milk-originated bacillus cereus sensu lato strains harbouring bacillus anthracis-like plasmids are genetically and phenotypically diverse.bacillus cereus sensu lato is widely distributed in food products, including raw and processed milk. plasmids often determine bacterial virulence and toxicity, but their role in the evolution of b. cereus sensu lato is only partly known. here, we observed that nearly 8% of b. cereus sensu lato isolates were positive for pxo1-like plasmids and 12% for pxo2-like plasmids in raw and ultra-heat-treated (uht) milk from one dairy plant. however, pxo1-like plasmids were significantly more frequent in r ...201728648290
draft genome sequence of bacillus cereus la2007, a human-pathogenic isolate harboring anthrax-like plasmids.we present the genome sequence of bacillus cereus la2007, a strain isolated in 2007 from a fatal pneumonia case in louisiana. sequence-based genome analysis revealed that la2007 carries a plasmid highly similar to bacillus anthracis pxo1, including the genes responsible for the production and regulation of anthrax toxin.201728428293
effects of secondary metabolites of permafrost bacillus sp. on cytokine synthesis by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.we studied the effects of secondary metabolites of bacillus sp. isolated from late neogene permafrost on secretion of proinflammatory (tnf-α, il-1β, il-8, il-2, and ifnγ) and antiinflammatory (il-4 and il-10) cytokines by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. it was found that metabolites of bacillus sp. produced more potent effect on cytokine secretion than mitogen phytohemagglutinin and metabolites of bacillus cereus, medicinal strain ip5832. activity of metabolites depended on the tempera ...201728726195
an experimental study of postmortem decomposition of methomyl in blood.methomyl (s-methyl-1-n-[(methylcarbamoyl)oxy]thioacetimidate) is a carbamate pesticide. it has been noted that in some cases of methomyl poisoning, methomyl is either not detected or detected only in low concentrations in the blood of the victims. however, in such cases, methomyl is detected at higher concentrations in the vitreous humor than in the blood. this indicates that methomyl in the blood is possibly decomposed after death. however, the reasons for this phenomenon have been unclear. we ...201728457508
investigation on the antimicrobial activities of gingers (etlingera coccinea (blume) s.sakai & nagam and etlingera sessilanthera r.m.sm.) endemic to borneo.to investigate the antimicrobial properties of e. coccinea and e. sessilanthera and to isolate and identify the antimicrobial compounds.201728708293
variation analysis of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates production using saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.polyhydroxyalkanoates (pha) are efficient, renewable and environment friendly polymeric esters. these polymers are synthesized by a variety of microbes under stress conditions. this study was carried out to check the suitability of waste frying oil in comparison to other oils for economical bioplastic production. six bacterial strains were isolated and identified as bacillus cereus (kf270349), klebsiella pneumoniae (kf270350), bacillus subtilis (kf270351), brevibacterium halotolerance (kf270352) ...201728629970
synthesis of new thiazolyl coupled pyrazoles bearing 2,4-thiazolidinedionyl pharmacophore and their anti-inflammatory and antibacterial evaluation.2, 4-thiazolidinedione (tzd), pyrazole and thiazole heterocyclic rings exhibit wide range of pharmacological activities. medicinal chemists use these heterocyclic moieties as scaffolds in drug designing and discovery. the existing medicaments, celecoxib and meloxicam, used for treating inflammation and pain are having, pyrazole and thiazole, respectively as a key scaffolds. pyrazoles coupled with 2, 4-thiazolidinediones may display enhanced anti inflammatory activity. with this hope the title wo ...201728618987
sensitive detection of staphylococcus aureus with vancomycin-conjugated magnetic beads as enrichment carriers combined with flow cytometry.a novel sandwich strategy was designed to detect staphylococcus aureus. the strategy is based on an antibacterial agent that captures bacterial cells and a fluorescein-labeled antibody that acts as the signal-output probe. vancomycin (van), which exerts a strong antibacterial effect on gram-positive bacteria, was utilized as a molecular recognition agent to detect pathogenic bacteria. to effectively concentrate s. aureus, we used bovine serum albumin (bsa) as the amplification carrier to modify ...201728590745
cyclohexene-fused 1,3-oxazines with selective antibacterial and antiparasitic action and low cytotoxic effects.oxazine derivatives, a class of heterocyclic compounds, exhibit a variety of biological properties, such as anticonvulsant and antitumor activities. in this study, we evaluated the effect of two cyclohexene-fused 1,3-oxazines (cis‑1-benzyl-n-phenyl-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-3,1-benzoxazin-2-imine (1) and trans‑n-phenyl-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-3,1-benzoxazin-2-imine (2)) in cultures of bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella enterica, serratia mar ...201728755871
quantitative prevalence, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of bacillus cereus isolated from retail infant foods in china.bacillus cereus is an important foodborne pathogen, which can cause severe food poisoning. the aim of this study was (i) to evaluate the quantitative prevalence of b. cereus in retail prepackaged infant formula and ready-to-eat rice flour in china and (ii) to gain the basic information on pheno- and genotypic characteristics of b. cereus isolates. we found that 40 out of the 587 samples were positive for b. cereus. b. cereus in 3.5% of infant formula samples and 1.0% of rice flour samples outnum ...201728753035
biological activity of the non-microbial fraction of kefir: antagonism against intestinal pathogens.kefir is a fermented milk obtained by the activity of kefir grains which are composed of lactic and acetic acid bacteria, and yeasts. many beneficial health effects have been associated with kefir consumption such as stimulation of the immune system and inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms. the biological activity of kefir may be attributed to the presence of a complex microbiota as well as the microbial metabolites that are released during fermentation. the aim of this work was to characteri ...201728831964
production and characterization of curcumin microcrystals and evaluation of the antimicrobial and sensory aspects in minimally processed carrots.nontoxic conserving agents are in demand by the food industry due to consumers concern about synthetic conservatives, especially in minimally processed food. the antimicrobial activity of curcumin, a natural phenolic compound, has been extensively investigated but hydrophobicity is an issue when applying curcumin to foodstuff. the objective of this work was to evaluate curcumin microcrystals as an antimicrobial agent in minimally processed carrots. the antimicrobial activity of curcumin microcry ...201728406506
ribosomal background of the bacillus cereus group thermotypes.in this study we reconstructed the architecture of bacillus cereus sensu lato population based on ribosomal proteins, and identified a link between the ribosomal proteins' variants and thermal groups (thermotypes) of the bacilli. the in silico phyloproteomic analysis of 55 ribosomal proteins (34 large and 21 small subunit r-proteins) of 421 strains, representing 14 well-established or plausible b. cereus sensu lato species, revealed several ribosomal clusters (r-clusters), which in general were ...201728406161
standardization of biopolymer production from seaweed associative bacteria.polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) is the biodegradable plastic, which is shown the similar properties to the synthetic plastic. production of pha is expensive when compared with petrochemical based plastics costs and also hazardous to ecosystem. in order to overcome these drawbacks, some cheaper commercially available carbon sources like rice bran, coconut cake, palm jaggary, etc. can be used. the present study aimed to identify the potential pha producing bacterial strains from different seaweeds. bas ...201728404223
cereulide production by bacillus weihenstephanensis strains during growth at different ph values and temperatures.besides bacillus cereus, some strains of the psychrotolerant, potentially foodborne pathogen bacillus weihenstephanensis can produce the emetic toxine (cereulide). this toxin is a heat- and acid-stable cyclic dodecadepsipeptide that causes food intoxication with vomiting. however, some severe clinical cases with lethal outcomes have been described. if cereulide can be produced during refrigerated storage, it will not be inactivated by reheating food, representing an important risk of food intoxi ...201728399995
analysis of kudoa septempunctata as a cause of foodborne illness and its associated differential diagnosis.recently kudoa septempuctata in olive flounders is suggested as a cause of food poisoning, however whether kudoa septempuctata can affect human gastrointestinal systems is controversial and its pathogenecity remains unclear. in view of the field epidemiology, food poisonings caused by kudoa septempuctata should be distinguished from those caused by staphylococcus aureus and bacillus cereus.201728395399
in vitro anti-oxidant and anti-microbial potentiality investigation of different fractions of caryota urens leaves.caryota urens is a member of the arecaceae family and a common plant in the southeast asian region. this plant has been reported as an anti-microbial agent in recent years. thus, we aimed to find out the mic (minimum inhibitory concentration) against different pathogenic microorganism.201628536384
antimicrobial activity of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic leaf extracts from acacia spp. and eucalyptus nicholii.in europe, acacia and eucalyptus, originate large amounts of biomass, due to their need by industries and other biological control, that can be used to extract antimicrobial substances.201628480369
effects of climate change on the persistence and dispersal of foodborne bacterial pathogens in the outdoor environment: a review.according to the intergovernmental panel on climate change (ipcc), warming of the climate system is unequivocal. over the coming century, warming trends such as increased duration and frequency of heat waves and hot extremes are expected in some areas, as well as increased intensity of some storm systems. climate-induced trends will impact the persistence and dispersal of foodborne pathogens in myriad ways, especially for environmentally ubiquitous and/or zoonotic microorganisms. animal hosts of ...201625612827
evaluating the efficiency of humic acid to remove micro-organisms from denture base material.to evaluate the efficiency of humic acid substances on removing micro-organisms from denture base materials.201625523597
chemistry and biological activities of tanacetum chiliophyllum var. oligocephalum extracts.tanacetum chiliophyllum (fisch. & mey.) var. oligocephalum (d.c.) sosn. collected in turkey was subjected to phytochemical and biological evaluations in this study. pure compounds were obtained from ethyl acetate extracts of the stems of the plant material. structures of isolated compounds were determined using spectral methods. seven known flavones, i.e., 5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7-tetramethoxyflavone, eupatilin (6-hydroxyluteolin-6,3',4'-trimethylether), cirsimaritin (scuttellarin-6,7-dimethylether), ...201624645497
effect of different in vitro culture extracts of black pepper (piper nigrum l.) on toxic metabolites-producing strains.in the present study, the effect of different in vitro cultures (callus, in vitro shoots) and commercially available peppercorn extract was investigated for its activity against toxic metabolite-producing strains (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeroginosa, salmonella typhi, bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, and candida albicans). these in vitro cultures were extracted with ethanol, hexane, and chloroform, and the antipathogenic activity was determined by well-diffusion me ...201624193053
bacillus cereus septicemia in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report and review of the literature.bacillus cereus is an aerobic gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium that is responsible for foodborne illnesses. we report on a 15-year-old girl with b-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, who fell into a somnolent state after presenting with a 12-hour history of fever, muscle soreness, myalgia in both calves, sore throat, and vomiting. fulminant septicemic syndrome caused by b. cereus was finally identified. the aim of this work is the introduction of b. cereus as a differential diag ...201623927823
[septicaemia of chironomid larvae (diptera: chironomidae) promoted by bacillus cereus and b. thuringiensis].natural factors regulating the population of chironomids were studied. the bacteria bacillus cereus were isolated from chironomids sampled from kuyalnitskii firth after epizooty of chironomus sp., and bacteria bacillus thuringiensis spp. israelensis (bti) were isolated from dead larva of chironomus plumosus sampled in the sea of azov (3-m depth). bti were characterized by high insecticide activity on midges anopheles messeae fall., aedes cireneus mg., and culex pipiens pipiens f. pipiens l.201622988756
bacterial succession and metabolite changes during flax (linum usitatissimum l.) retting with bacillus cereus hdym-02.high-throughput sequencing and gc-ms (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) were jointly used to reveal the bacterial succession and metabolite changes during flax (linum usitatissimum l.) retting. the inoculation of bacillus cereus hdym-02 decreased bacterial richness and diversity. this inoculum led to the replacement of enterobacteriaceae by bacillaceae. the level of aerobic pseudomonadaceae (mainly azotobacter) and anaerobic clostridiaceae_1 gradually increased and decreased, respectively. f ...201627585559
antimicrobial effects of marine algal extracts and cyanobacterial pure compounds against five foodborne pathogens.the marine environment is a proven source of structurally complex and biologically active compounds. in this study, the antimicrobial effects of a small collection of marine-derived extracts and isolates, were evaluated against 5 foodborne pathogens using a broth dilution assay. results demonstrated that algal extracts from padina and ulva species and cyanobacterial compounds antillatoxin b, laxaphycins a, b and b3, isomalyngamide a, and malyngamides c, i and j showed antimicrobial activity agai ...201626775951
genomic characterization and comparison of seven myoviridae bacteriophage infecting bacillus thuringiensis.bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, a bacterium that is a source of biopesticides and a safe simulant for pathogenic bacillus species, was used to isolate seven unique bacteriophages. the phage genomes were sequenced and ranged in size from 158,100 to 163,019 bp encoding 290-299 genes, and the gc content of ~38% was similar to that of the host bacterium. all phages had terminal repeats 2-3 kb long. three of the phages encoded trnas and three contained a self-splicing intron in the dna polymerase ge ...201626773385
antibacterial effects of alchornea cordifolia (schumach. and thonn.) müll. arg extracts and compounds on gastrointestinal, skin, respiratory and urinary tract pathogens.the leaves, stems and roots of alchornea cordifolia (schumach. and thonn.) müll. arg. are used as traditional medicine in many african countries for the management of gastrointestinal, respiratory and urinary tract infections as well as for the treatment of wounds.201626724423
effects of potential probiotic bacillus cereus en25 on growth, immunity and disease resistance of juvenile sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus.this study was conducted to determine effects of potential probiotic bacillus cereus en25 (isolated from mud of sea cucumber culturing water bodies) on growth, immunity and disease resistance against vibrio splendidus infection in juvenile sea cucumbers apostichopus japonicus. animals were respectively fed diets with b. cereus en25 at 0 (control), 10(5), 10(7) and 10(9) cfu/g for 30 days. results showed that dietary b. cereus en25 had no significant effects on growth, total coelomocytes counts a ...201626723266
use of peripheral parenteral nutrition solutions as a risk factor for bacillus cereus peripheral venous catheter-associated bloodstream infection at a japanese tertiary care hospital: a case-control study.the risk factors are unclear for peripheral venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections (pvcbsis) caused by bacillus cereus. we aimed to examine for these risk factors in patients with b. cereus pvcbsi by conducting a 2-year case-control study in a large teaching hospital. we analyzed all adult cases of b. cereus pvcbsi (37 patients) and 180 controls who were randomly selected from among patients who had a pvc in place for at least 2 days. multivariate analysis using a conditional logistic ...201626902219
α,β-dibromochalcone derivatives--synthesis and antimicrobial activity.to obtain some chalcones and their dibrominated analogues and to evaluate their antimicrobial potential.201626793867
investigation of equilibrium and kinetics of cr(vi) adsorption by dried bacillus cereus using response surface methodology.in this study, response surface methodology (rsm) based on three-variable-five-level central composite rotatable design was used to analyze the effects of combined and individual operating parameters (biomass dose, initial concentration of cr(vi) and ph) on the cr(vi) adsorption capacity of dried bacillus cereus. a quadratic polynomial equation was obtained to predict the adsorbed cr(vi) amount. analysis of variance showed that the effect of biomass dose was the key factor in the removal of cr(v ...201626877045
the pulsed light inactivation of veterinary relevant microbial biofilms and the use of a rtpcr assay to detect parasite species within biofilm structures.the presence of pathogenic organisms namely parasite species and bacteria in biofilms in veterinary settings, is a public health concern in relation to human and animal exposure. veterinary clinics represent a significant risk factor for the transfer of pathogens from housed animals to humans, especially in cases of wound infection and the shedding of faecal matter. this study aims to provide a means of detecting veterinary relevant parasite species in bacterial biofilms, and to provide a means ...201626862516
uptake and levels of the antibiotic berberine in individual dormant and germinating clostridium difficile and bacillus cereus spores as measured by laser tweezers raman spectroscopy.spores of clostridium difficile and bacillus cereus are major causes of nosocomial diarrhoea and foodborne disease. our aim was to measure the dynamics of the uptake of the antibiotic berberine by individual germinating spores and the levels of berberine accumulated in germinated spores.201626861569
bio-prospecting of cuttle fish waste and cow dung for the production of fibrinolytic enzyme from bacillus cereus ind5 in solid state fermentation.the process parameters governing the production of fibrinolytic enzyme in solid state fermentation employing bacillus cereus ind5 and using cuttle fish waste and cow dung substrate were optimized. the ph value of the medium, moisture content, sucrose, casein and magnesium sulfate were considered for two-level full factorial design and ph, casein and magnesium sulfate were identified as the important factors for fibrinolytic enzyme production. central composite design was applied to investigate t ...201628330303
in vitro cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of silver-coated electrospun polycaprolactone/gelatine nanofibrous scaffolds.the development of nano-sized scaffolds with antibacterial properties that mimic the architecture of tissue is one of the challenges in tissue engineering. in this study, polycaprolactone (pcl) and pcl/gelatine (ge) (70:30) nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated using a less toxic and common solvent, formic acid and an electrospinning technique. nanofibrous scaffolds were coated with silver (ag) in different concentrations of silver nitrate (agno3) aqueous solution (1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 %) by usi ...201628330282
production of rhamnolipids and diesel oil degradation by bacteria isolated from soil contaminated by petroleum.biosurfactants are microbial secondary metabolites. the most studied are rhamnolipids, which decrease the surface tension and have emulsifying capacity. in this study, the production of biosurfactants, with emphasis on rhamnolipids, and diesel oil degradation by 18 strains of bacteria isolated from waste landfill soil contaminated by petroleum was analyzed. among the studied bacteria, gram-positive endospore forming rods (39%), gram positive rods without endospores (17%), and gram-negative rods ...201626588432
synthesis of sic/ag/cellulose nanocomposite and its antibacterial activity by reactive oxygen species generation.we describe the synthesis of nanocomposites, based on nanofibers of silicon carbide, silver nanoparticles, and cellulose. silver nanoparticle synthesis was achieved with chemical reduction using hydrazine by adding two different surfactants to obtain a nanocomposite with silver nanoparticles of different diameters. determination of antibacterial activity was based on respiration tests. enzymatic analysis indicates oxidative stress, and viability testing was conducted using an epifluorescence mic ...201628335299
effect of fermented broth from lactic acid bacteria on pathogenic bacteria proliferation.in this study, the effect that 5 fermented broths of lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains have on the viability or proliferation and adhesion of 7 potentially pathogenic microorganisms was tested. the fermented broth from lactococcus lactis c660 had a growth inhibitory effect on escherichia coli k92 that reached of 31%, 19% to pseudomonas fluorescens, and 76% to staphylococcus epidermidis. the growth of staph. epidermidis was negatively affected to 90% by lc. lactis 11454 broth, whereas the growth ...201626851857
isolation and characterization of spore-forming bacilli (sfb) from shepherd's purse (capsella bursa-pastoris).shepherd's purse (capsella bursa-pastoris), native to europe, is commonly consumed fresh and sometimes inadequately washed before consumption in korea. the objective of this study was to characterize isolates of spore-forming bacilli (sfb) in samples of fresh shepherd's purse. three genera were identified: bacillus (9 species), paenibacillus (3 species), and brevibacillus (1 species). none of the genes of the hemolysin bl (hbl) and nonhemolytic enterotoxin (nhe) complexes, or of the emetic toxin ...201626822957
antibacterial and synergistic activity of pentacyclic triterpenoids isolated from alstonia scholaris.(1) background: alstonia scholaris (apocynaceae) is an important medicinal plant that has been historically used in "dai" ethnopharmacy to treat infectious diseases in china. although various pharmacological activities have been reported, the antimicrobial constitutes of a. scholaris have not yet been identified. the objective of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial constitutes from the leaf extract of a. scholaris and to assess the synergistic effects of isolated compounds with antibioti ...201626821000
isolation and characterization of bacterial endophytes of curcuma longa l.fourteen endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from the rhizome of curcuma longa l. were characterized on the basis of morphology, biochemical characteristics and 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. the isolates were identified to six strains namely bacillus cereus (ecl1), bacillus thuringiensis (ecl2), bacillus sp. (ecl3), bacillus pumilis (ecl4), pseudomonas putida (ecl5), and clavibacter michiganensis (ecl6). all the strains produced iaa and solubilized phosphate and only two strains produ ...201628330130
production of γ-cyclodextrin by bacillus cereus cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase using extractive bioconversion in polymer-salt aqueous two-phase system.aqueous two-phase system (atps) extractive bioconversion provides a technique which integrates bioconversion and purification into a single step process. extractive bioconversion of gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-cd) from soluble starch with cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (cgtase, ec 2.4.1.19) enzyme derived from bacillus cereus was evaluated using polyethylene glycol (peg)/potassium phosphate based on atps. the optimum condition was attained in the atps constituted of 30.0% (w/w) peg 3000 g/mol and 7. ...201626702953
comparative elimination of dimethyl disulfide by maifanite and ceramic-packed biotrickling filters and their response to microbial community.unpleasant odor emissions have traditionally occupied an important role in environmental concern. in this paper, twin biotrickling filters (btfs) packed with different packing materials, seeded with bacillus cereus gigan2, were successfully constructed to purify gaseous dimethyl disulfide (dmds). the maifanite-packed btf showed superior biodegradation capability to the ceramic-packed counterpart in terms of removal efficiency and elimination capacity under similar conditions. at an empty bed res ...201626702514
characterization and exposure assessment of emetic bacillus cereus and cereulide production in food products on the dutch market.the emetic toxin cereulide, which can be produced by bacillus cereus, can be the cause of food poisoning upon ingestion by the consumer. the toxin causes vomiting and is mainly produced in farinaceous food products. this article includes the prevalence of b. cereus and of cereulide in food products in the netherlands, a characterization of b. cereus isolates obtained, cereulide production conditions, and a comparison of consumer exposure estimates with those of a previous exposure assessment. fo ...201626818983
rapid detection of cronobacter sakazakii by real-time pcr based on the cgca gene and taqman probe with internal amplification control.cronobacter sakazakii is a severe virulent strain that is frequently detected in powdered infant formula (pif). therefore, it is necessary to develop a fast and specific detection method. the specificity of our newly developed quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) was validated with dna from 46 strains. among them, 12 c. sakazakii strains were correctly amplified, whereas no positive florescent signal was observed from 34 nontarget controls. the detection limit of c. sakazakii was about 110 cfu/m ...201626751178
advanced molecular diagnostic techniques for detection of food-borne pathogens; current applications and future challenges.the elimination of disease-causing microbes from the food supply is a primary goal and this review deals with the overall techniques availavle for detection of food-borne pathogens. now-a-days conventional methods are replaced by advanced methods like biosensors, nucleic acid-based tests (nat) and different pcr based techniques used in molecular biology to identify specific pathogens. bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, proteus vulgaris, escherichia coli, campylobacter, listeria monocytogene ...201626745757
recombinant thiopeptides containing noncanonical amino acids.thiopeptides are a subclass of ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (ripps) with complex molecular architectures and an array of biological activities, including potent antimicrobial activity. here we report the generation of thiopeptides containing noncanonical amino acids (ncaas) by introducing orthogonal amber suppressor aminoacyl-trna synthetase/trna pairs into a thiocillin producer strain of bacillus cereus .we demonstrate that thiopeptide variants containing nc ...201626976568
application of mathematical models for bacterial inactivation curves using hypericin-based photosensitization.the aim of this study was to evaluate which of the three mathematical models (weibull, geeraerd and logistic) makes the best approximation for hypericin-based photosensitization bacterial inactivation.201626972682
new coumarin derivatives from ferula pseudalliacea with antibacterial activity.in this study, the antibacterial activity of disesquiterpene coumarin and sesquiterpene coumarins obtained from ferula pseudalliacea roots was evaluated by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration using the broth micro-dilution method against seven pathogenic bacterial strains (staphylococcus aureus atcc 25,923, vancomycin resistant clinical strain of enterococcus faecium, bacillus cereus ptcc 1015, escherichia coli atcc 25,922, pseudomonas aeruginosa ptcc 1430, clinical strain of klebs ...201626953526
four new carbazole alkaloids from murraya koenigii that display anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities.in our present study, four new, designated as murrayakonine a-d (), along with 18 known carbazole alkaloids were isolated from chcl3 : meoh (1 : 1) crude extracts of the stems and leaves of murraya koenigii (linn.) spreng. the structures of the all isolated compounds were characterized by analysis of hr-esi-ms and nmr (1d and 2d spectroscopy) results, and comparison of their data with the literature data. for the first time, all the isolates were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities, ...201626947457
the effect of storage temperature and duration on the microbial quality of bulk tank milk.the dairy industry in ireland is currently undergoing a period of expansion and, as a result, it is anticipated that milk may be stored in bulk tanks on-farm for periods greater than 48 h. the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of storage temperature and duration on microbial quality of bulk tank milk when fresh milk is added to the bulk tank twice daily. bulk tank milk stored at 3 temperatures was sampled at 24-h intervals during storage periods of 0 to 96 h. bulk tank milk ...201626947309
complete genome sequence of the cold-active bacteriophage vmy22 from bacillus cereus.the cold-active bacteriophage vmy22, belonging to the podoviridae family, was isolated from mingyong glacier in china. sequence analysis revealed that the genome is 18,609 bp long, with an overall g + c content of 36.4 mol%, and 25 open reading frames (orfs). the sequence contains 46 potential promoters, 6 transcription terminators, and no trnas. most of the orfs show a high degree of similarity to b103 (nc_004165). two noteworthy findings were made. first, one of the predicted proteins, orf 19, ...201626941234
antimicrobial compounds from endophytic streptomyces sp. bcc72023 isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.).an endophytic actinomycete strain bcc72023 was isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.) and identified as the genus streptomyces, based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and 16s rrna gene sequence analyses. the strain showed 99.80% similarity compared with streptomyces samsunensis m1463(t). chemical investigation led to the isolation of three macrolides, efomycins m (1), g (2) and oxohygrolidin (3), along with two polyethers, abierixin (4) and 29-o-methylabierixin (5). to our knowledge, this is the firs ...201626809052
diversity of sugar acceptor of glycosyltransferase 1 from bacillus cereus and its application for glucoside synthesis.glycosyltransferase 1 from bacillus cereus (bcgt1) catalyzes the transfer of a glucosyl moiety from uridine diphosphate glucose (udp-glucose) to various acceptors; it was expressed and characterized. the specificity of acceptors was found to be broad: more than 20 compounds classified into o-, s-, and n-linkage glucosides can be prepared with bcgt1 catalysis. based on this work, we conclude that the corresponding acceptors of these compounds must possess the following features: (1) the acceptors ...201626795959
influence of season and type of restaurants on sashimi microbiota.in recent years, an increase in the consumption of japanese food in european countries has been verified, including in portugal. these specialities made with raw fish, typical japanese meals, have been prepared in typical and on non-typical restaurants, and represent a challenge to risk analysis on haccp plans. the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the type of restaurant, season and type of fish used on sashimi microbiota.201626911490
occurrence and antibacterial susceptibility pattern of bacterial pathogens isolated from diarrheal patients in pakistan.to determine the occurrence of bacterial pathogens responsible for diarrhea and to engender information regarding the effectiveness of commonly used antibiotic against diarrhea.201626905349
rhizosphere of avicennia marina (forsk.) vierh. as a landmark for polythene degrading bacteria.due to high durability, cheap cost, and ease of manufacture, 311 million tons of plastic-based products are manufactured around the globe per annum. the slow/least rate of plastic degradation leads to generation of million tons of plastic waste per annum, which is of great environmental concern. of the total plastic waste generated, polythene shared about 64 %. various methods are available in the literature to tackle with the plastic waste, and biodegradation is considered as the most accepted, ...201627072028
microbial dynamics during shelf-life of industrial ricotta cheese and identification of a bacillus strain as a cause of a pink discolouration.dairy products are perishable and have to be preserved from spoilage during the food chain to achieve the desired shelf-life. ricotta is a typical italian soft dairy food produced by heat coagulation of whey proteins and is considered to be a light and healthy product. the shelf-life of ricotta could be extended, as required by the international food trade market; however, heat resistant microflora causes spoilage and poses issues regarding the safety of the product. next-generation sequencing ( ...201627052696
optimization of process parameters for the rapid biosynthesis of hematite nanoparticles.hematite (α-fe2o3) nanoparticles are widely used in various applications including gas sensors, pigments owing to its low cost, environmental friendliness, non-toxicity and high resistance to corrosion. these nanoparticles were generally synthesized by different chemical methods. in the present study, nanoparticles were synthesized rapidly without heat treatment by biosynthesis approach using culture supernatant of bacillus cereus svk1. the physiochemical parameters for rapid synthesis were opti ...201627045277
molecular phylogeny of heterotrophic nitrifiers and aerobic denitrifiers and their potential role in ammonium removal.to investigate the physiology and taxonomic composition of the key players of nitrification and denitrification processes in paddy fields, culture dependent and independent studies have been carried out. a total of 28 bacterial strains have been screened in which six were capable of reducing nitrate and nitrite as well as having significant ammonium removal potential. 16s rrna-pcr-dgge-based molecular typing of enriched batch culture was done with time duration to explore and identify dominant a ...201627037833
a rapid and simple real-time pcr assay for detecting foodborne pathogenic bacteria in human feces.a rapid, simple method for detecting foodborne pathogenic bacteria in human feces is greatly needed. here, we examined the efficacy of a method that employs a combination of a commercial pcr master mix, which is insensitive to pcr inhibitors, and a dna extraction method which used sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (sdbs), and tween 20 to counteract the inhibitory effects of sdbs on the pcr assay. this method could detect the target genes (stx1 and stx2 of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, inva ...201626902211
surface modification of a polyethylene film for anticoagulant and anti-microbial catheter.a functional anticoagulant and anti-bacterial coating for polyethylene (pe) films is described. the stepwise preparation of this nanocomposite surface coating involves o2 plasma etching of pe film, carbodiimide coupling of cysteamine to the etched pe film, binding of ag to sulfhydryl groups of cysteamine, and assembly of heparin capped agnps on the pe film. the nanocomposite film and its components were characterized by (1)h-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance-f ...201626900340
enhanced efficacy of clindamycin hydrochloride encapsulated in pla/plga based nanoparticle system for oral delivery.clindamycin hydrochloride (clh) is a clinically important oral antibiotic with wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity that includes gram-positive aerobes (staphylococci, streptococci etc.), most anaerobic bacteria, chlamydia and certain protozoa. the current study was focused to develop a stabilised clindamycin encapsulated poly lactic acid (pla)/poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (plga) nano-formulation with better drug bioavailability at molecular level. various nanoparticle (nps) formulations o ...201627463797
prodigiosin inhibits motility and activates bacterial cell death revealing molecular biomarkers of programmed cell death.the antimicrobial activity of prodigiosin from serratia nematodiphila darsh1, a bacterial pigment was tested against few food borne bacterial pathogens bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and escherichia coli. the mode of action of prodigiosin was studied. prodigiosin induced bactericidal activity indicating a stereotypical set of biochemical and morphological feature of programmed cell death (pcd). pcd involves dna fragmentation, generation of ros, and expression of a ...201627460563
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