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intestinal steroid profiles and microbiota composition in colitic mice.reduced gut microbiota diversity in conjunction with a bloom of few bacterial species is a common feature in inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) patients. however, the environmental changes caused by inflammation and their possible impact on the microbiota are largely unknown. since ibd is associated with an impaired intestinal steroid metabolism, we hypothesized that changes in intestinal steroid and particularly bile acid (ba) concentrations affect microbial communities. we used interleukin-10 de ...201121869607
Bacteriophage lysis of enterococcus host strains: a tool for microbial source tracking?This paper describes the isolation of Enterococcus host strains, for potential use as simple bacteriophage (phage)-based microbial source tracking (MST) tools. Presumptive Enterococcus host strains were isolated from cattle feces, raw municipal wastewater, agricultural runoff, and waters impacted by farms or wastewater treatment works (WWTW) in southern England, United Kingdom (UK). All enterococcal host strains (n = 390) were first screened for their ability to detect phage in samples of ra ...201122047499
risk factors for vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonisation in critically ill patients.vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) are important hospital pathogens and have become increasingly common in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (icu). to determine the incidence and the risk factors associated with vre colonisation among icu patients, active surveillance cultures for vre faecal carriages were carried out in patients admitted to the icu of the university hospital of uberlândia, minas gerais, brazil. risk factors were assessed using a case-control study. seventy-seven ...201222310536
enterococcus gallinarum causing native valve endocarditis and aorto-atrial fistula: a case report and literature review. 201222494323
multi-drug-resistant enterococcus spp. as a cause of non-responsive septic synovitis in three horses.three thoroughbred horses, a 6-week-old filly (case 1), a 15-year-old broodmare (case 2) and a yearling filly (case 3), sustained synovial sepsis secondary to trauma.201222506887
identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from mixed pasture of timothy and orchardgrass, and its badly preserved silage.in order to understand the relationship between lactic acid bacteria (lab) species and silage fermentation, a total of 65 lab strains isolated from mixed pasture of timothy (phleum pratense l.) and orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.), and its badly preserved silages were subjected to phenotypic and genetic analysis. according to these analyses, the isolates were divided into 13 groups, including enterococcus gallinarum, lactobacillus acidipiscis, l. coryniformis subsp. coryniformis, l. corynifo ...201122515692
presence of the resistance genes vanc1 and pbp5 in phenotypically vancomycin and ampicillin susceptible enterococcus faecalis.ampicillin and vancomycin are important antibiotics for the therapy of enterococcus faecalis infections. the ampicillin resistance gene pbp5 is intrinsic in enterococcus faecium. the vanc1 gene confers resistance to vancomycin and serves as a species marker for enterococcus gallinarum. both genes are chromosomally located. resistance to ampicillin and vancomycin was determined in 484 e. faecalis of human and porcine origin by microdilution. since e. faecalis are highly skilled to acquire resista ...201222524613
molecular epidemiology of enterococcus sp. isolated in a university hospital in algeria.the aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of enterococci isolated from infections at an algerian university hospital, and to evaluate the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) and the clonal cluster present in this country.201222568723
study of vancomycin resistance in faecal enterococci from healthy humans and dogs in spain a decade after the avoparcin ban in europe.one hundred and 26 faecal samples from healthy dogs (2009) and 157 faecal samples from healthy humans (2007) from la rioja region (spain) were tested to know the carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre). vre with intrinsic resistance (vanc) were found in 12% of healthy dogs and humans (29 enterococcus gallinarum and four enterococcus casseliflavus). nevertheless, vre with acquired mechanism of resistance were not detected among these samples. four enterococcus faecalis isolates with va ...201322646722
fatal meningitis caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci: report of two cases from south india.vancomycin-resistant enterococci rarely cause meningitis and present a therapeutic challenge. antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done for strains of enterococcus species isolated from csf samples of patients with meningitis by phenotypic methods. multiplex polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the genetic basis of vancomycin resistance of such isolates. we report here two cases of enterococcal meningitis caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococcus species. one of the isolate ...201222664449
cultivable microbiota of lithobates catesbeianus and advances in the selection of lactic acid bacteria as biological control agents in raniculture.the cultivable microbiota of skin and cloaca of captive lithobates catesbeianus includes microorganisms generally accepted as beneficial and potentially pathogenic bacteria. in order to select a group of potentially probiotic bacteria, 136 isolates were evaluated for their surface properties and production of antagonistic metabolites. then, 11 lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains were selected and identified as lactobacillus plantarum, lb. brevis, pediococcus pentosaceus, lactococcus lactis, l. ga ...201222695175
evaluation of species-specific pcr, bruker ms, vitek ms and the vitek 2 system for the identification of clinical enterococcus isolates.the purpose of this investigation was to compare the performance of species-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) and phenotypic identification systems for the identification of enterococcus species. a total of 132 clinical isolates were investigated by the following: (1) a multiplex real-time pcr assay targeting ddl enterococcus faecium, ddl enterococcus faecalis, vanc1 and vanc2/c3 genes, and a high ...201222706514
characterization and risk factors of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) among animal-affiliated workers in malaysia.this study determined the risk factors and characteristics of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) among individuals working with animals in malaysia.201222906187
high-antibacterial activity of urtica spp. seed extracts on food and plant pathogenic bacteria.the aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate antibacterial activities of methanol (metoh) and aqueous (dw) leaf (l), root (r) and seed (s) extracts of urtica dioica l. (ud; stinging nettle) and urtica pilulifera l. (up; roman nettle) on both food- and plant-borne pathogens, with total phenolic contents and dpph radical scavenging activities (drsa). metoh extracts of leaves and roots of u. dioica had the highest drsa. extracts with high antibacterial activity were in the order up-lmetoh (1 ...201323067263
vancomycin-resistant enterococci in rooks (corvus frugilegus) wintering throughout europe.this study's aims were to assess the prevalence of, and to characterize, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) from rooks (corvus frugilegus) wintering in europe during 2010/2011. faeces samples were cultivated selectively for vre and characterized. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing (mlst) were used to examine epidemiologic relationships of vana-containing vre. the vana-carrying vre were tested in vitro for mobility of vancomycin resistance traits. vre were found i ...201323116146
vancomycin-resistant gram-positive cocci isolated from the saliva of wild songbirds.we analyzed highly vancomycin-resistant gram-positive bacteria isolated from the saliva of migratory songbirds captured, sampled, and released from a bird-banding station in western kansas. individual bacterial isolates were identified by partial 16s rrna sequencing. most of the bacteria in this study were shown to be staphylococcus succinus with the majority being isolated from the american robin. some of these bacteria were shown to carry vana, vanb, and vanc vancomycin-resistance genes and ha ...201223224296
glucose triggers atp secretion from bacteria in a growth-phase-dependent manner.atp modulates immune cell functions, and atp derived from gut commensal bacteria promotes the differentiation of t helper 17 (th17) cells in the intestinal lamina propria. we recently reported that enterococcus gallinarum, isolated from mice and humans, secretes atp. we have since found and characterized several atp-secreting bacteria. of the tested enterococci, enterococcus mundtii secreted the greatest amount of atp (>2 μm/10(8) cells) after overnight culture. glucose, not amino acids and vita ...201323354720
proteolytic activity of gut bacteria isolated from the velvet bean caterpillar anticarsia gemmatalis.the development of proteinase inhibitors as potential insect control agents has been constrained by insect adaptation to these compounds. the velvet bean caterpillar (anticarsia gemmatalis) is a key soybean pest species that is well-adapted to proteinase inhibitors, particularly serine-proteinase inhibitors, which are abundant in the caterpillar host. the expression of diverse proteolytic enzymes by gut symbionts may allow the velvet bean caterpillar to circumvent proteinase inhibitors produced ...201323392900
post-traumatic vancomycin-resistant enterococcal endophthalmitis.the emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms among severe ocular infections is of grave concern. we describe the first reported case of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal endophthalmitis following ocular trauma, uniquely caused by enterococcus gallinarum. the organism demonstrated intrinsic resistance to ceftazidime and vancomycin but responded favorably to a combination of intravitreal and intravenous ampicillin, plus intravitreal amikacin. when faced with a multidrug-resistant organism, the ...201323514354
the functional vangcd cluster of clostridium difficile does not confer vancomycin resistance.vangcd, a cryptic gene cluster highly homologous to the vang gene cluster of enterococcus faecalis is largely spread in clostridium difficile. since emergence of vancomycin resistance would have dramatic clinical consequences, we have evaluated the capacity of the vangcd cluster to confer resistance. we showed that expression of vangcd is inducible by vancomycin and that vangcd , vanxycd and vantcd are functional, exhibiting d-ala : d-ser ligase, d,d-dipeptidase and d-ser racemase activities res ...201323782343
detection of vanc1 gene transcription in vancomycin-susceptible enterococcus faecalis.here we report the presence and expression levels of the vanc1 and vanc(2/3) genes in vancomycin-susceptible strains of enterococcus faecalis. the vanc1 and vanc(2/3) genes were located in the plasmid dna and on the chromosome, respectively. specific mrna of the vanc1 gene was detected in one of these strains. additionally, analysis of the vanc gene sequences showed that these genes are related to the vanc genes of enterococcus gallinarum and enterococcus casseliflavus. the presence of vanc gene ...201323828012
diversity, distribution and antibiotic resistance of enterococcus spp. recovered from tomatoes, leaves, water and soil on u.s. mid-atlantic farms.antibiotic-resistant enterococci are important opportunistic pathogens and have been recovered from retail tomatoes. however, it is unclear where and how tomatoes are contaminated along the farm-to-fork continuum. specifically, the degree of pre-harvest contamination with enterococci is unknown. we evaluated the prevalence, diversity and antimicrobial susceptibilities of enterococci collected from tomato farms in the mid-atlantic united states. tomatoes, leaves, groundwater, pond water, irrigati ...201324010630
microbiological quality of ready-to-eat salads: an underestimated vehicle of bacteria and clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes.the increase demand for fresh vegetables is causing an expansion of the market for minimally processed vegetables along with new recognized food safety problems. to gain further insight on this topic we analyzed the microbiological quality of portuguese ready-to-eat salads (rts) and their role in the spread of bacteria carrying acquired antibiotic resistance genes, food products scarcely considered in surveillance studies. a total of 50 rts (7 brands; split or mixed leaves, carrot, corn) were co ...201324036261
presence of the vancomycin resistance gene cluster vanc1, vanxyc, and vant in enterococcus casseliflavus.the three chromosomally located clustered genes vanc1, vanxyc, and vant confer intrinsic resistance to vancomycin and are used for species identification of enterococcus gallinarum. in this study, 28 strains belonging to the e. gallinarum/casseliflavus group isolated from cloacal swabs from laying hens were screened for the presence of vanc1. as confirmed by species-specific multiplex pcr, 11 vanc1-positive strains were identified as e. gallinarum. surprisingly, one yellow pigmented strain, veri ...201424266667
incidence of virulence factors in enterococci from raw and fermented meat and biofilm forming capacity at 25°c and 37°c.twenty-nine enterococcus strains from raw and fermented meat products were screened for the presence of virulence genes, including those for aggregation substances (asa1 and asa373), cytolysin activator (cyla), collagen binding protein (ace), endocarditis antigen (efaa), enterococcal surface protein (esp) and gelatinase (gele). virulence gene occurrence, expression of gelatinase and pheromone aggregation was greater in enterococcus faecalis than in enterococcus faecium strains. all e. faecalis a ...201424291183
[enterococcus gallinarum meningitis: a case report]. 201324342205
vana-containing e. faecium isolates of clonal complex cc17 in clinical and environmental samples in a tunisian hospital.twenty-eight vancomycin (va)-resistant enterococci isolated from different patients (n = 16) and also from the environment (n = 12) were recovered in a tunisian military hospital during 2012-2013. the mechanisms of resistance to va and to other antibiotics as well as the presence of esp and hyl virulence genes were determined in these isolates by pcr, being their clonal relationship analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). va resistance mechanisms detected were as follows (species-pa ...201424565851
significance and survival of enterococci during the house fly development.house flies are among the most important nonbiting insect pests of medical and veterinary importance. larvae develop in decaying organic substrates and their survival strictly depends on an active microbial community. house flies have been implicated in the ecology and transmission of enterococci, including multi-antibiotic-resistant and virulent strains of enterococcus faecalis. in this study, eight american type culture collection type strains of enterococci including enterococcus avium, enter ...201424605454
phylogenetic profiles of in-house microflora in drains at a food production facility: comparison and biocontrol implications of listeria-positive and -negative bacterial populations.listeria species experience complex interactions with other microorganisms, which may promote growth and colonization of the organism in local environments or negatively affect them. this study investigated the microbial community at a food production facility, examining interactions between listeria and the associated microbiome. listeria species can be transferred between zones in the production environment by individuals or equipment, and drains may act as a reservoir for the organism, reflec ...201424657862
first report of multiresistance gene cfr in enterococcus species casseliflavus and gallinarum of swine origin.the aim of this study was to investigate the presence and genetic environment of the multiresistance gene cfr in enterococcus species of swine origin. twenty-five cfr-carrying enterococcus isolates were collected from swine in beijing, guangzhou, and shandong, china. the isolates consist of 24 enterococcus casseliflavus and one enterococcus gallinarum isolate, and exhibited six smai pfge patterns. the cfr gene was located on plasmids in all isolates except e. casseliflavus en83, in which cfr was ...201424690374
antimicrobial susceptibility of enterococcal species isolated from antibiotic-treated dogs and cats.in this study, we examined the antimicrobial susceptibility of the enterococci isolated from dogs and cats in japan during 2011-2012. fecal samples were collected from 84 dogs and 16 cats that underwent antibiotic treatment. enterococci were detected in 70 of 84 dogs (83.3%) and 7 of 16 cats (43.8%). the most prevalent enterococcus species was enterococcus faecalis (64.9%); enterococcus faecium and enterococcus durans were also isolated from 14 of 77 (18.2%) and 5 of 77 (6.5%) of these animals, ...201424976587
the first report of the vanc1 gene in enterococcus faecium isolated from a human clinical specimen.the vanc1 gene, which is chromosomally located, confers resistance to vancomycin and serves as a species marker for enterococcus gallinarum. enterococcus faecium tj4031 was isolated from a blood culture and harbours the vanc1gene. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays were performed to detect vanxyc and vantc genes. only the vanxyc gene was found in the e. faecium tj4031 isolate. the minimum inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin and teicoplanin were 2 µg/ml and 1 µg/ml, respectively. real-tim ...201425119395
microstructure, microbial profile and quality characteristics of high-pressure-treated chicken nuggets.high-pressure processing (300 mpa for 5 min) as a non-thermal post-processing intervention was employed to improve the shelf life and qualities of cooked refrigerated chicken nuggets. pomegranate peel extract (1%) was also used as a source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial in chicken nuggets. microstructure, microbial profile, instrumental colour, texture profile and lipid oxidation were evaluated. high-pressure treatment and pomegranate peel extract did not influence significantly the co ...201525143059
the first report of the vanc₁ gene in enterococcus faecium isolated from a human clinical specimen.the vanc₁ gene, which is chromosomally located, confers resistance to vancomycin and serves as a species marker for enterococcus gallinarum. enterococcus faecium tj4031 was isolated from a blood culture and harbours the vanc₁gene. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays were performed to detect vanxyc and vantc genes. only the vanxyc gene was found in the e. faecium tj4031 isolate. the minimum inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin and teicoplanin were 2 µg/ml and 1 µg/ml, respectively. real-tim ...201425317698
immunomodulatory properties of streptococcus and veillonella isolates from the human small intestine microbiota.the human small intestine is a key site for interactions between the intestinal microbiota and the mucosal immune system. here we investigated the immunomodulatory properties of representative species of commonly dominant small-intestinal microbial communities, including six streptococcal strains (four streptococcus salivarius, one s. equinus, one s. parasanguinis) one veillonella parvula strain, one enterococcus gallinarum strain, and lactobacillus plantarum wcfs1 as a bench mark strain on huma ...201425479553
analysis of the effect of high hydrostatic pressure treatment and enterocin as-48 addition on the bacterial communities of cherimoya pulp.in the present study, pulp obtained from cherimoya pulp (annona cherimola) was inoculated with epiphytic microbiota collected from cherimoya fruits, and supplemented or not with the circular bacteriocin enterocin as-48 (50μg/g) and then packed under vacuum. samples supplemented or not with enterocin were treated by high hydrostatic pressure (600mpa, 8min) and then stored at 5°c for 30days. the single as-48 treatment only delayed microbial growth non-significantly (p>0.05). hhp treatment reduced ...201525528726
enterococcus casseliflavus and enterococcus gallinarum as causative agents of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.infection by multidrug resistant bacteria is arousing as a relevant issue among hospitalized subjects and is of particular interest in patients with cirrhosis given the frequent use of broad spectrum antibiotics and their altered immune response. we report the first case report of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) caused by enterococcus casseliflavus and the sixth case of sbp caused by enterococcus gallinarum.201525671838
bioprotective potential of bacteriocinogenic enterococcus gallinarum strains isolated from some nigerian fermented foods, and of their bacteriocins.enterococcus gallinarum strains isolated from some nigerian fermented foods were found to produce bacteriocins. the bacteriocins had a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and negative bacteria. the effects of the bacteriocins and bacteriocinogenic organ- isms on staphylococcus aureus infections in rats were evaluated. sprague-dawley rats were infected with s. aureus mtcc 737 and treated with e. gallinarum t71 and different concentrations of the bacteriocins from e. gallinarum w ...201425804061
characterization of an enterococcus gallinarum isolate carrying a dual vana and vanb cassette.the ability of vancomycin resistance determinants to be horizontally transferred within enterococci species is a concern. identification and characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in a clinical isolate have a significant impact on infection control practices. in this study, we describe a clinical isolate of enterococcus gallinarum exhibiting high-level resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin. the genetic characterization of this isolate showed the presence of vana and vanb g ...201525948610
diversity of enterococcal species and characterization of high-level aminoglycoside resistant enterococci of samples of wastewater and surface water in tunisia.one hundred-fourteen samples of wastewater (n=64) and surface-water (n=50) were inoculated in slanetz-bartley agar plates supplemented or not with gentamicin (sb-gen and sb plates, respectively) for enterococci recovery. enterococci were obtained from 75% of tested samples in sb media (72% in wastewater; 78% in surface-water), and 85 enterococcal isolates (one/positive-sample) were obtained. enterococcus faecium was the most prevalent species (63.5%), followed by enterococcus faecalis (20%), ent ...201526026404
antimicrobial resistance profile of enterococcus species isolated from intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients in jimma, ethiopia.multi-drug-resistant enterococci colonizing the intestinal tract of hospitalized patients are the major source of infection as well as nosocomial spread. despite worldwide increasing rate of multidrug resistant enterococci colonization and infection among hospitalized patients, there is scarcity of data from resource limited setting. the present study aimed at determining the antimicrobial resistance profile of enterococcus species from intestinal tracts of hospitalized patients in jimma, ethiop ...201526036911
enterococcus gallinarum spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in an hcv cirrhotic.we present the case of a 60-year-old caucasian male with history of hepatitis c viral cirrhosis with portosystemic encephalopathy and ascites with evidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) with absolute neutrophil count (anc) of 944 cells/µl blood. despite adequate treatment, the abdominal pain and elevated creatinine continued to persist. initial ascites fluid cultures returned back positive for growth of enterococcus gallinarum. empiric antibiotics were then substituted with ampicill ...201526064715
effect of in-feed administration and withdrawal of tylosin phosphate on antibiotic resistance in enterococci isolated from feedlot steers.tylosin phosphate is a macrolide commonly administered to cattle in north america for the control of liver abscesses. this study investigated the effect of in-feed administration of tylosin phosphate to cattle at subtherapeutic levels and its subsequent withdrawal on macrolide resistance using enterococci as an indicator bacterium. fecal samples were collected from steers that received no antibiotics and steers administered tylosin phosphate (11 ppm) in-feed for 197 days and withdrawn 28 days be ...201526074889
molecular typing, pathogenicity factor genes and antimicrobial susceptibility of vancomycin resistant enterococci in belgrade, serbia.in this study the distribution of species and antimicrobial resistance among vancomycin resistant enterococci (vre) recovered from clinical specimens obtained from five hospitals in belgrade was analyzed. strains were further characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to investigate the presence of vana and vanb genes and pathogenicity factor genes. identification of 194 vre isolates revealed 154 enterococcus faecium, 21 enterococcus faecal ...201526132835
bacterial flora changes in conjunctiva of rats with streptozotocin-induced type i diabetes.the microbiota of both humans and animals plays an important role in their health and the development of disease. therefore, the bacterial flora of the conjunctiva may also be associated with some diseases. however, there are no reports on the alteration of bacterial flora in conjunctiva of diabetic rats in the literature. therefore, we investigated the changes in bacterial flora in bulbar conjunctiva of rats with streptozotocin (stz)-induced type i diabetes.201526176548
characterization of fecal vancomycin-resistant enterococci with acquired and intrinsic resistance mechanisms in wild animals, spain.the objectives were to evaluate the presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci with acquired (vre-a) and intrinsic (vre-i) resistance mechanisms in fecal samples from different wild animals, and analyze their phenotypes and genotypes of antimicrobial resistance. a total of 348 cloacal/rectal samples from red-legged partridges (127), white storks (81), red kites (59), and wild boars (81) (june 2014/february 2015) were inoculated in slanetz-bartley agar supplemented with vancomycin (4 μg/ml). we ...201626194421
antibiotic resistance pattern of enterococci isolates from nosocomial infections in a tertiary care hospital in eastern india.resistance to commonly used antibiotics by enterococci causing nosocomial infections is of concern, which necessitates judicious, responsible and evidence-based use of antibiotics. the present study was conducted to review the prevalence and identify therapeutic options for nosocomial enterococcal infections in our tertiary care hospital.201726283837
evaluation of bacterial contamination in raw milk, ultra-high temperature milk and infant formula using single molecule, real-time sequencing technology.the pacific biosciences (menlo park, ca) single molecule, real-time sequencing technology (smrt) was reported to have some advantages in analyzing the bacterial profile of environmental samples. in this study, the presence of bacterial contaminants in raw milk, uht milk, and infant formula was determined by smrt sequencing of the full length 16s rrna gene. the bacterial profiles obtained at different taxonomic levels revealed clear differences in bacterial community structure across the 16 analy ...201526476945
emergence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors among the unusual species of enterococci, from north india.several enterococcal species are increasingly being reported from clinical infections, besides the major species.201726960635
broad-range pcr for early diagnosis of nosocomial enterococcus gallinarum meningitis. 201627097275
characteristics of lactic acid bacteria isolates and their effect on silage fermentation of fruit residues.the natural lactic acid bacteria (lab) population, chemical composition, and silage fermentation of fruit residues were studied. eighty-two strains of lab were isolated from fruit residues such as banana leaf and stem, pineapple peel, and papaya peel. all strains were gram-positive and catalase-negative bacteria, and they were divided into 7 groups (a-g) according to morphological and biochemical characters. strains in groups a to f were rods, and group g was cocci. group f produced gas from glu ...201627108171
identification of subclinical transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus within an intensive care unit in taiwan.colonization, infection, and clonal dissemination of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre) have been reported in the literature. we aimed to investigate the incidence rate of vre acquisition and route of transmission of vre within the medical intensive care unit (icu) to prove whether subclinical transmission occurs in medical icus.201627156242
detection of vancomycin resistance in enterococcus species isolated from clinical samples and feces of colonized patients by phenotypic and genotypic methods.the aim of this study was to find out the clinical correlation between the presence of vancomycin-resistant genes (van a and van b) and their expression as detected by phenotypic tests in colonized patients and in clinical isolates.201727166038
molecular epidemiology of vancomycin resistant enterococci in a tertiary care hospital in saudi arabia.vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) are a major cause of nosocomial infections with high mortality and morbidity. there is limited data on the molecular characterization of vre in saudi arabia. this study was carried out to investigate the premise that a shift in vre epidemiology is occurring in our setting.201627247096
clinical epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus gallinarum and enterococcus casseliflavus bloodstream infections.this study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bloodstream infections (vre bsi) caused by enterococcus gallinarum or enterococcus casseliflavus. variables associated with treatment failure were determined and treatment options were compared. this was a national retrospective study of hospitalised veterans affairs patients with non-faecium, non-faecalis vre bsi. the primary outcome was treatment failure, defined as a composite of: (i) 30-day all-cause mort ...201627274980
eggshells as a source for occupational exposure to airborne bacteria in hatcheries.occupational exposure to high concentrations of airborne bacteria in poultry production is related to an increased risk of respiratory disorders. however, potential sources and formation of hatchery bioaerosols are rarely characterized. in this study, bacterial multiplication on fresh shell fragments from turkey hatching eggs under conditions present in a hatcher incubator was investigated. a 10(5)-fold amplification was observed both by colony count and total cell count gaining 4 × 10(7) cfu/ce ...201627341051
pitfalls in the identification of enterococcus species and the detection of vana and vanb genes.the aims were to assess the performance of vitek 2 in identifying enterococcal species and the implementation of genexpert(®) vana/vanb pcr for the detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre). gram-positive cocci from clinical and environmental specimens (n = 431) suspicious of being enterococci by conventional methods were evaluated by vitek 2. this system identified 296 enterococcus faecium, 87 enterococcus faecalis, 10 enterococcus villorum, 9 enterococcus gallinarum, 9 enterococcus d ...201627367648
identification of vancomycin-susceptible major clones of clinical enterococcus from algeria.the main objectives of this study were to characterize clinical strains of enterococcus spp. isolated from algerian inpatients and outpatients, to investigate their susceptibility to antibiotics and to analyse their phylogenetic relatedness. a total of 85 non-duplicate enterococcus spp. isolates collected between 2010 and 2013 from various clinical samples, including urine, vaginal swab, pus, blood and semen, from algerian inpatients (n=62) and outpatients (n=23) were identified using matrix-ass ...201627530845
enterococcus gallinarum and chilaiditi syndrome in peritoneal dialysis. 201627707577
a rapid, highly sensitive and culture-free detection of pathogens from blood by positive enrichment.molecular diagnostics is a promising alternative to culture based methods for the detection of bloodstream infections, notably due to its overall lower turnaround time when starting directly from patient samples. whole blood is usually the starting diagnostic sample in suspected bloodstream infections. the detection of low concentrations of pathogens in blood using a molecular assay necessitates a fairly high starting volume of blood sample in the range of 5-10ml. this large volume of blood samp ...201627765617
diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in enterococcus strains isolated from ready-to-eat meat products.the objective of the study was to answer the question of whether the ready-to-eat meat products can pose indirect hazard for consumer health serving as reservoir of enterococcus strains harboring tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and macrolides resistance genes. a total of 390 samples of ready-to-eat meat products were investigated. enterococcus strains were found in 74.1% of the samples. a total of 302 strains were classified as: enterococcus faecalis (48.7%), enterococcus faecium (39.7%), entero ...201627780292
antimicrobial resistance and virulence profile of enterococci isolated from poultry and cattle sources in nigeria.this study investigated the occurrence, antimicrobial resistance and virulence of enterococcus from poultry and cattle farms. three hundred and ninety samples: cloacal/rectal swabs (n = 260) and manure (n = 130] were processed for recovery of enterococcus species. standard bacteriological methods were used to isolate, identify and characterize enterococcus species for antimicrobial susceptibility and expression of virulence traits. detection of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes was carri ...201727987112
enterococcus species diversity in fecal samples of wild marine species as determined by real-time pcr.analyses using culture-independent molecular techniques have improved our understanding of microbial composition. the aim of this work was to identify and quantify enterococci in fecal samples of wild marine species using real-time quantitative pcr. seven enterococcus species were examined in fecal dna of south american fur seals (arctocephalus australis), subantarctic fur seals (arctocephalus tropicalis), green turtles (chelonia mydas), magellanic penguins (spheniscus magellanicus), snowy-crown ...201727991828
comparative genomics of enterococcus spp. isolated from bovine feces.enterococcus is ubiquitous in nature and is a commensal of both the bovine and human gastrointestinal (gi) tract. it is also associated with clinical infections in humans. subtherapeutic administration of antibiotics to cattle selects for antibiotic resistant enterococci in the bovine gi tract. antibiotic resistance genes (args) may be present in enterococci following antibiotic use in cattle. if located on mobile genetic elements (mges) their dissemination between enterococcus species and to pa ...201728270110
a 10-year profile of enterococcal bloodstream infections at a tertiary-care hospital in japan.the first aim of this study is to characterize the epidemiology of enterococcal bloodstream infections (bsis) at a japanese tertiary-care hospital. the second aim is to identify predictive factors for 30-day mortality.201728385565
bloodstream infections caused by enterococcus spp: a 10-year retrospective analysis at a tertiary hospital in china.in order to discover the risk factors for 30-day mortality in bloodstream infections (bsi) caused by enterococcus spp. strains, we explored the clinical and therapeutic profile of patients with enterococcus spp. bsi and the characteristics of this condition. a total of 64 patients with bsi caused by enterococcus spp. who were treated in our hospital between 2006 and 2015 were included in the study. the clinical features of patients, microbiology, and 30-day mortality were collected from the elec ...201728397040
first description in europe of emergence of enterococcus faecium st117, carrying both vana/vanb genes, isolated in greece.an enterococcus faecium, carrying both vana/vanb genes was recovered from a patient with bacteraemia, treated in a greek hospital. since this is the first description in europe of e. faecium, carrying both vana/vanb genes, the isolate was further studied.201728754459
purification and characterization of trypsin produced by gut bacteria from anticarsia gemmatalis.purification of active trypsin in the digestive process of insects is essential for the development of potent protease inhibitors (pis) as an emerging pest control technology and research into insect adaptations to dietary pis. an important aspect is the presence of proteolytic microorganisms, which contribute to host nutrition. here, we purified trypsins produced by bacteria bacillus cereus, enterococcus mundtii, enterococcus gallinarum, and staphylococcus xylosus isolated from the midgut of an ...201728762531
vancomycin-resistant enterococci with vana gene in treated municipal wastewater and their association with human hospital strains.vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) are pathogens of increasing medical importance. in brno, czech republic, we collected 37 samples from the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (wwtp), 21 surface swabs from hospital settings, and 59 fecal samples from hospitalized patients and staff. moreover, we collected 284 gull cloacal swabs from the colony situated 35km downstream the wwtp. samples were cultured selectively. enterococci were identified using maldi-tof ms, phenotypically tested for ...201728763660
the individual contribution of starter and non-starter lactic acid bacteria to the volatile organic compound composition of caciocavallo palermitano cheese.the contribution of two starter (lactobacillus delbrueckii and streptococcus thermophilus) and nine non-starter (enterococcus casselliflavus, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus durans, enterococcus gallinarum, lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus paracasei, lactobacillus rhamnosus, pediococcus acidilactici and pediococcus pentosaceus) species of lactic acid bacteria (lab) to the volatile organic compounds (vocs) of caciocavallo palermitano cheese was investigated. the strains used in this study w ...201728783535
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