Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| role of the transmembrane domain of the vant serine racemase in resistance to vancomycin in enterococcus gallinarum bm4174. | enterococcus gallinarum bm4175 (a vancomycin-susceptible derivative of bm4174 obtained by insertional inactivation of vanc-1) was transformed with plasmid constructs pca10 (containing the genes necessary for resistance, vanc-1-xyc-t), pjp1 (with a fragment lacking the dna encoding the transmembrane region of vant, -vanc-1-xyc-t((delta))(2-322)-) and with plasmids containing fragments encoding either the transmembrane (mvant(1-322)) or racemase (svant(323-698)) domains of vant under the control o ... | 2003 | 12615855 |
| susceptibility of gram-positive bacteria from icu patients in uk hospitals to antimicrobial agents. | microbiologists in 25 sentinel laboratories were each asked to refer up to 100 clinically-significant gram-positive bacteria isolated from consecutive intensive care unit (icu) patients. a total of 1595 isolates were collected from patients in 23 hospitals; these included staphylococcus aureus (47.6%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns) (30.6%), enterococci (14.3%), pneumococci (2.8%) and other streptococci (3.5%). a few coryneforms, other bacilli and a nocardia sp. were also collected. rate ... | 2003 | 12855232 |
| asymptomatic bacteriuria in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. | chronic inflammatory state and chronic infections appear to be one of the most important risk factors of morbidity and mortality in patients (pts) on dialysis. the aim of our study was to determine the frequency of urinary tract infections (uti) in clinically asymptomatic patients on capd. the study included 43 (22f, 21m) clinically stable asymptomatic capd patients with diuresis ranged from 300 to 2500 ml per 24 h. clean catch urine specimen, was cultured and identified by standard technique. u ... | 2002 | 12898851 |
| [bacteremia caused by enterococcus gallinarum with a high level of glycopeptide resistance: 1st documented cases in argentina]. | a case of bacteremia due to high-level-vancomycin- (mic = 64 micrograms/ml) and high-level-teicoplanin- (mic = 32 micrograms/ml) resistant enterococcus gallinarum is described. both genes, van c1 and van a, respectively conferring natural low-level resistance and acquired high-level resistance to vancomycin, were found in the enterococcal genoma. the present is the first report of an e. gallinarum isolate showing the van a genotype in argentina. | 2003 | 12920991 |
| mechanism of metronidazole-resistance by isolates of nitroreductase-producing enterococcus gallinarum and enterococcus casseliflavus from the human intestinal tract. | enterococcus casseliflavus and enterococcus gallinarum strains resistant to metronidazole, nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone were isolated from fecal samples of a patient with recurrent ulcerative colitis treated with metronidazole. unlike other metronidazole-resistant bacteria, these strains produced nitroreductase but metabolized metronidazole to compounds that could not be detected by liquid chromatography with uv or mass spectral analysis. metronidazole-susceptible clostridium perfringens gre ... | 2003 | 12951241 |
| molecular analysis of tn1546-like elements mediating high-level vancomycin resistance in enterococcus gallinarum. | four enterococcus gallinarum isolates, all highly resistant to vancomycin, were studied in order to investigate their relationship and to gain insight into the molecular events responsible for their acquired resistance. | 2003 | 14519680 |
| species distribution and antibiotic resistance patterns of enterococci isolated from food of animal origin in germany. | presently, enterococci take the third place of bacterial pathogens associated with nosocomial infections, after staphylococci and escherichia coli. especially, the resistances of enterococci to several available antibiotics are threatening. we attempted to determine which species of enterococci could be found in food of animal origin and their significance according to their antibiotic resistances for human beings. from november 2000 to may 2002 we investigated 155 samples of food of animal orig ... | 2003 | 14597003 |
| in vitro activity of daptomycin against vancomycin-resistant enterococci of various van types and comparison of susceptibility testing methods. | the increasing prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal (vre) infections and the limited number of antimicrobial agents for their treatment emphasize a need for new, more effective agents. in this study, the in vitro activity of daptomycin was determined against a collection of 156 vre from seven different institutions. van types were characterized by pcr, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed to exclude isolates with >85% relatedness by dendrogram. included were 126 enteroco ... | 2003 | 14638478 |
| clinical features and outcomes of bacteremia caused by enterococcus casseliflavus and enterococcus gallinarum: analysis of 56 cases. | the clinical significance and virulence potential of enterococcus casseliflavus/flavescens and enterococcus gallinarum are still uncertain. we retrospectively analyzed 56 cases of significant bacteremia caused by e. casseliflavus or e. gallinarum. of these cases, 25 (44.6%) were associated with polymicrobial bacteremia, and 43 (76.8%) were associated with entry via the biliary tract. resistance to vancomycin was observed in 17 (30.4%) of these 56 patients, and this resistance was significantly a ... | 2004 | 14679448 |
| meningitis caused by enterococcus gallinarum in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunts. | vancomycin-resistant enterococci have recently emerged as significant nosocomial pathogens. here we describe two japanese patients, a 57-year-old man and a 12-year-old boy, with ventriculoperitoneal shunts for hydrocephalus who developed meningitis caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococcus gallinarum. the infection of the central nervous system in these two patients may have been associated with e. gallinarum derived from the gut. removal of the shunts and antimicrobial treatment promoted appa ... | 2003 | 14691658 |
| analysis of gyra and parc mutations in enterococci from environmental samples with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. | the quinolone resistance determining regions of gyra and parc in four species of enterococci from environmental samples with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin were sequenced. the nucleotide sequence variations of parc could be related to the different enterococcal species. mutations in enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium related to reduced susceptibility were identical to mutations detected in e. faecalis and e. faecium of clinical origin. a minimal inhibitory concentration of 8 ... | 2004 | 14769469 |
| mechanism of intrinsic resistance to vancomycin in clostridium innocuum ncib 10674. | we have studied the basis for intrinsic resistance to low levels of vancomycin in clostridium innocuum ncib 10674 (mic = 8 microg/ml). analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) and mass spectrometry of peptidoglycan nucleotide precursors pools revealed the presence of two types of udp-murnac-pentapeptide precursors constitutively produced, an udp-murnac-pentapeptide with a serine at the c terminus which represented 93% of the pool and an udp-murnac-pentapeptide with an alanine at th ... | 2004 | 15150227 |
| substantially increased faecal carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a tertiary greek hospital after a 4 year time interval. | in a tertiary greek hospital with no documented vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) infections, a cross-sectional study was conducted in order to determine the degree of vre faecal carriage among adult patients hospitalized in high-risk units. | 2004 | 15163658 |
| molecular study of vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from humans and from food in a cattle-rearing area of france. | study possible links between vancomycin-resistant enterococci strains isolated from human stool samples and from pork or poultry food products. | 2004 | 15175270 |
| lack of correlation between phenotypic techniques and pcr-based genotypic methods for identification of enterococcus spp. | a total of 123 genetically-unrelated strains of enterococcus spp. strains (51 enterococcus faecalis, 57 enterococcus faecium, 10 enterococcus gallinarum, and 5 enterococcus casseliflavus) were phenotypically identified by biochemical profiles and by using an automated method. the strains were also analyzed by a pcr assay to assess the accuracy of the phenotypically-based methods for identification of enterococcus spp. with this aim, a pcr assay using different cell targets, which allows simultan ... | 2004 | 15246503 |
| evaluation of the prevalence and risk factors for colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococcus among patients on dialysis. | vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre) has been reported among long-term dialysis patients, although risk factors for vre colonization are not well defined. this study aims to appraise the prevalence and risk factors for vre colonization among patients on long-term dialysis therapy, as well as the mechanisms for dissemination of vancomycin resistance. | 2004 | 15264193 |
| biofuel cells select for microbial consortia that self-mediate electron transfer. | microbial fuel cells hold great promise as a sustainable biotechnological solution to future energy needs. current efforts to improve the efficiency of such fuel cells are limited by the lack of knowledge about the microbial ecology of these systems. the purposes of this study were (i) to elucidate whether a bacterial community, either suspended or attached to an electrode, can evolve in a microbial fuel cell to bring about higher power output, and (ii) to identify species responsible for the el ... | 2004 | 15345423 |
| [bacteremia due to enterococcus gallinarum in a patient with varicella and late sarcoidosis]. | 2004 | 15482722 | |
| enterococcus gallinarum carrying the vana gene cluster: first report in brazil. | in 2000, enterococcus faecalis resistant to vancomycin was first reported at a tertiary hospital in porto alegre, southern brazil. the resistance spread to other hospitals and surveillance programs were established by hospital infection committees to prevent the spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. in february 2002, an isolate initially identified at the genus level as enterococcus was obtained by surveillance culture (rectal swab) from a patient admitted to a hospital for treatment of se ... | 2004 | 15517083 |
| emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a tertiary hospital in crete, greece: a cluster of cases and prevalence study on intestinal colonisation. | the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of five consecutive cases of infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) and the prevalence of faecal carriage of vre among patients admitted to a 700-bed university hospital where no vre had been isolated previously. in a 2-month period, five consecutive patients infected with vre were detected. three vanb+ enterococcus faecium isolates were obtained from three patients, while two vana+ e. faeciu ... | 2004 | 15522003 |
| no regional spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci with vana or vanb in kitakyushu, japan. | outbreaks of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) infection occur sporadically in japan, and their frequency has been gradually increasing. we experienced a nosocomial outbreak of vre in two hospitals in the city of kitakyushu, and the spread of vre strains was suspected in this area. to examine the prevalence rate of infection and colonization of vre in kitakyushu, we screened a total of 24 297 clinical samples from patients in hospitals and clinics in kitakyushu from october through december ... | 2004 | 15614456 |
| first report of vana enterococcus gallinarum dissemination within an intensive care unit in argentina. | enterococcusgallinarum is intrinsically resistant to low levels of vancomycin and has been described as a colonizing microorganism causing bacteraemia and infection among immunosupresed patients. between august 2000 and february 2001, 15 highly glycopeptide-resistant e. gallinarum isolates, one from blood and the remaining from rectal swabs, were recovered in a general hospital of buenos aires province, argentina. all isolates were characterized by biochemical assays, and displayed mics of vanco ... | 2005 | 15620826 |
| transcriptional analysis of the vanc cluster from enterococcus gallinarum strains with constitutive and inducible vancomycin resistance. | the vanc glycopeptide resistance gene cluster encodes enzymes required for synthesis of peptidoglycan precursors ending in d-ala-d-ser. enterococcus gallinarum bm4174 and sc1 are constitutively and inducibly resistant to vancomycin, respectively. analysis of peptidoglycan precursors in both strains indicated that udp-murnac-tetrapeptide and udp-murnac-pentapeptide[d-ser] were synthesized in e. gallinarum sc1 only in the presence of vancomycin (4 microg/ml), whereas the "resistance" precursors ac ... | 2005 | 15728903 |
| [prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in hospital and community environment.] | aim of the study: the presented study aimed at determining the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in rectal swabs taken from both patients in the teaching hospital in olomouc (tho), czech republic, and subjects from the community setting of the hospital's catchment area. materials and methods: between july 1, 2002 and july 1, 2003, rectal swabs were taken from the tho patients as well as individuals from the community catchment area to be utilized for isolating and identifying ... | 2005 | 15926119 |
| [clinical and epidemiologic analysis of intestinal tract colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci in an intensive care unit]. | intestinal tract colonization with vancomycin resistant enterococci (vre) was studied during five months and 25 days. out of 171 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit, 124 (73%) were included in this study. thirty five of them (28%) were recognized as colonized with vre. vre isolates (n = 35) were identified as enterococcus faecium (n = 18), enterococcus gallinarum (n = 16), and enterococcus raffinosus (n = 1). all of them were resistant to vancomycin (mic90 = 512 microg/ml) and to te ... | 2005 | 15991477 |
| dissimilatory fe(iii) reduction by an electrochemically active lactic acid bacterium phylogenetically related to enterococcus gallinarum isolated from submerged soil. | the isolation and identification of a glucose-oxidizing fe(iii)-reducing bacteria (frb) with electrochemical activity from an anoxic environment, and characterization of the role of fe(iii) in its metabolism. | 2005 | 16162251 |
| the selective inhibition of nitric oxide production in the avian macrophage cell line hd11. | the production of reactive nitrogen, nitric oxide (no), has previously been demonstrated to be a major mechanism by which the innate immune system defends against microbial invasion. the induction of many antimicrobial mechanisms is regulated by numerous components during the transduction of the signal from the cell surface to the cell nucleus where response genes are upregulated. toll-like cell surface receptor activation often leads to sequential modulation of protein tyrosine kinases (ptk), m ... | 2006 | 16214221 |
| partial characterization of enterocin mr99 from a corn silage isolate of enterococcus faecalis. | to assess the inhibitory activity on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria of several species of enterococci recovered from a natural corn silage. | 2006 | 16405692 |
| [case of congestive heart failure associated with hypereosinophilia developed during antibiotics treatment]. | a 92-year-old man with a history of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis received antibiotics for sepsis by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant enterococcus gallinarum. during the antibiotics treatment, skin eruptions, liver dysfunction, and hypereosinophilia developed, followed by dyspnea, congestive heart failure, electrocardiographic abnormalities, and diffuse mild myocardial hypokinesis. after the discontinuation of the antibiotics and the administration of ... | 2005 | 16407668 |
| risk factors and outcomes associated with non-enterococcus faecalis, non-enterococcus faecium enterococcal bacteremia. | to compare risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes in patients with enterococcus avium, enterococcus casseliflavus, enterococcus durans, enterococcus gallinarum, and enterococcus mundtii bacteremia (cases) with those in patients with enterococcus faecalis bacteremia (controls). | 2006 | 16418983 |
| enterococcus gallinarum n04-0414 harbors a vand-type vancomycin resistance operon and does not contain a d-alanine:d-alanine 2 (ddl2) gene. | enterococcus gallinarum n04-0414 (mic for vancomycin, 256 microg/ml) harbored a vand-type vancomycin resistance operon as well as the intrinsic vanc1 operon. the d-ala:d-ala ligase 2 gene (ddl2) was not present in the strain, though it is found downstream of the vans gene from the vanc operon in e. gallinarum atcc 49573 and 19 other e. gallinarum strains tested. | 2006 | 16495270 |
| absence of vana- and vanb-containing enterococci in poultry raised on nonintensive production farms in brazil. | we examined cloacal samples from poultry raised on nonintensive production farms in brazil for the presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. no vana- or vanb-containing enterococci were identified in a total of 200 cloacal swabs. the most prevalent species were enterococcus gallinarum (vanc1; 13.0%) and e. casseliflavus (vanc2/3; 5.5%). | 2006 | 16598023 |
| vanb-vanc1 enterococcus gallinarum, italy. | 2005 | 16673519 | |
| meningitis caused by enterococcus gallinarum after lumbar drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. | we report a rare case of meningitis caused by enterococcus gallinarum, a bacterium characterized by its ability to express low-level resistance to vancomycin. as in the three other previously reported cases, this one occurred in a patient with a cerebrospinal fluid drainage catheter and properly responded to antimicrobial therapy and removal of the drain. | 2006 | 16762785 |
| colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in intensive care unit patients in cordoba city, argentina. | the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) among intensive care unit (icu) patients in a hospital in córdoba, argentina. we collected 235 rectal swab specimens from 147 icu patients. resistance to vancomycin was screened with the disk diffusion method, and mics were determined with the e-test method. vancomycin-resistant genotypes were determined by pcr. the vre strains were isolated from 18/147 patients (12.2%). the isol ... | 2006 | 16784130 |
| prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in hospitalized patients and those living in the community in the czech republic. | between july 1, 2002 and december 31, 2003, rectal swabs from both hospitalized patients and community subjects in the czech republic were taken to ascertain the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre). the swabs were used for isolating and identifying enterococci and their susceptibility to antibiotics. vancomycin resistance phenotypes were verified by pcr detection of vana, vanb, vanc1 and vanc2 genes. a molecular biology analysis was performed in enterococcus faecium vana strains ... | 2006 | 16841552 |
| granular layer in the periplasmic space of gram-positive bacteria and fine structures of enterococcus gallinarum and streptococcus gordonii septa revealed by cryo-electron microscopy of vitreous sections. | high-resolution structural information on optimally preserved bacterial cells can be obtained with cryo-electron microscopy of vitreous sections. with the help of this technique, the existence of a periplasmic space between the plasma membrane and the thick peptidoglycan layer of the gram-positive bacteria bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus was recently shown. this raises questions about the mode of polymerization of peptidoglycan. in the present study, we report the structure of the ce ... | 2006 | 16952957 |
| use of the phoenix automated system for identification of streptococcus and enterococcus spp. | the phoenix system (becton dickinson diagnostic systems, sparks, md) was evaluated for identification (id) to the species level of streptococci and enterococci. two hundred clinical isolates were investigated: beta-hemolytic streptococci (n = 50), streptococcus pneumoniae organisms (n = 46), viridans group streptococci (n = 31), enterococcus faecium (n = 36), enterococcus faecalis (n = 25), and other catalase-negative cocci (n = 12). the api system (biomérieux, marcy l'etoile, france) was used a ... | 2006 | 16954258 |
| inhibitory effects of enterococcus strains obtained from a probiotic product on in vitro growth of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strain ifo3313. | enterococcus faecium and enterococcus gallinarum strains were isolated from a commercial probiotic product and the effects of these strains on the growth of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strain ifo3313 were investigated. viable cell counts of salmonella enteritidis in mixed cultures with the probiotic product isolate of e. faecium were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those in pure cultures after 6, 8, and 24 h when the cultures were incubated in heart infusion broth at 37 and 41 de ... | 2006 | 16995534 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococci from animal sources in korea. | enterococci for which the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of vancomycin was >/=8 mg/l were isolated from meat, feces, and raw milk samples collected in korea from march to november 2003. among the 243 vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) that were identified the vana vancomycin resistance gene was carried by 51 enterococcus faecium and one enterococcus sp., vanc1 was carried by 151 enterococcus gallinarum, vanc2 was carried by 39 enterococcus casseliflavus, and one enterococcus sp. carr ... | 2007 | 17010464 |
| isolation and identification of enterococci from seawater samples: assessment of their resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals. | a hundred enterococcus strains were isolated from seawater samples collected from coastal areas of istanbul. isolates were identified to the species level using standard biochemical tests specified by facklam and collins. the species distribution was as follows enterococcus faecalis (96%), enterococcus gallinarum (3%) and enterococcus solitarius (1%). the resistance of bacteria to both heavy metals (zinc [zn], iron [fe], cadmium [cd], chrome [cr], cobalt [co]) and antibiotics (ampicillin 10 micr ... | 2007 | 17171251 |
| molecular identification and diversity of enterococci isolated from slovak bryndza cheese. | three hundred and eight presumed enterococcal isolates were recovered from bryndza, a soft sheep milk cheese. the cheese samples were obtained from five different commercial distributors in slovakia and were taken at three different seasonal intervals. all isolates were identified to the species level using genotypic tools. species-specific pcr using ddl genes highlighted the predominance of enterococcus faecium (176 isolates) and assigned 50 isolates to the species enterococcus faecalis. the re ... | 2006 | 17325446 |
| a febrile neutropenic patient with enterococcus gallinarum sepsis treated with daptomycin and gentamicin. | gram-positive pathogens are increasingly implicated in today's changing epidemiology of hospital-acquired infections. staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci are among the most frequently identified causes of surgical site, complicated skin-structure, and bloodstream infections. in accordance, the use of antimicrobial agents with gram-positive activity, especially those with activity against resistant organisms, has also increased. we describe a septic, neutropenic patient with bacteremia d ... | 2007 | 17542774 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococci, colonizing the intestinal tract of patients in a university hospital in greece. | determine the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) colonizing the intestinal tract of hospitalized patients and define risk factors. | 2006 | 17568849 |
| epidemiology and molecular characterization of vancomycin resistant enterococci isolates in india. | little attention has been paid to the problem of the spread of vancomycin resistant enterococci (vre) in india. between august 2002 to march 2003, faecal and urine samples of patients from various wards of the postgraduate institute of medical education and research, chandigarh, india, were screened for vancomycin resistance. 36 vre were isolated (18 enterococcus gallinarum, 9 e. casseliflavus, 7 e. faecium and 2 e. faecalis). these isolates were characterized as low-, moderate- and high-level r ... | 2007 | 17654341 |
| high prevalence of tetracycline resistance in enterococcus isolates from broilers carrying the erm(b) gene. | a total of 73 isolates of enterococcus spp. carrying the erm(b) gene were obtained from cloacal swabs of broiler chickens derived from 13 different farms in belgium. the erm(b) gene encodes resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin b antibiotics (mls(b)). the isolates belonged to eight different species: enterococcus avium (eight isolates), enterococcus casseliflavus (11 isolates), enterococcus cecorum (eight isolates), enterococcus durans (seven isolates), enterococcus faecalis ( ... | 2007 | 17899464 |
| [a 6-year study of glycopeptides-resistant enterococci in 3 intensive care units of the university hospital of montpellier]. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of glycopeptides-resistant enterococci (gre) fecal carriage (species and resistance determinants). strains isolated between 1999 and 2005 during systematic screening for multiresistant bacteria in patients hospitalized in 3 intensive care units (icu) of the university hospital of montpellier were studied. | 2007 | 17905540 |
| first report of vatb and vgab from enterococcus gallinarum in the usa. | 2008 | 18006282 | |
| low prevalence of vre gastrointestinal colonization of hospitalized patients in manitoba tertiary care and community hospitals. | to determine the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) bowel colonization in hospitalized patients in manitoba who had stool specimens collected for clostridium difficile toxin and/or culture testing. | 2000 | 18159264 |
| comparative analysis of genetic diversity and incidence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance among enterococcal populations from raw fruit and vegetable foods, water and soil, and clinical samples. | a comparative study was carried out among enterococci isolated from fruits and vegetable foods, water and soil, and clinical samples. results indicate strong differences in the numbers of enterococcal species found in different environments as well as their abundance. while enterococcus faecalis was clearly the predominant species in clinical samples, enterococcus faecium predominated in vegetables, and it slightly outnumbered e. faecalis in water samples. other species (enterococcus hirae, ente ... | 2008 | 18180067 |
| bacteraemia associated with a vancomycin-resistant enterococcus gallinarum strain harbouring both the vana and vanc1 genes. | a case of a post-surgical patient who developed a fatal bloodstream infection caused by high-level vancomycin-resistant enterococcus gallinarum is reported. the isolate was found to carry both the vanc1 and vana genes. this is the first report of an invasive infection associated with a vana e. gallinarum isolate in brazil. | 2008 | 18201994 |
| detoxification of benzidine-based azo dye by e. gallinarum: time-course study. | direct black 38 (db38) dye is a well-established toxic and carcinogenic compound. present investigation reports isolation of an enterococcus gallinarum strain capable of decolorizing and degrading it. changes in toxicity and mutagenicity of db38 and its metabolites were also determined using a battery of carefully selected tests (cytotoxicity, respiration inhibition test and ames test). toxicity assays were carried out on e. gallinarum itself as this also gave information about suitability of th ... | 2009 | 18206233 |
| purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of aminoglycoside-2''-phosphotransferase-ic [aph(2'')-ic] from enterococcus gallinarum. | bacterial resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics is primarily the result of deactivation of the drugs. three families of enzymes are responsible for this activity, with one such family being the aminoglycoside phosphotransferases (aphs). the gene encoding one of these enzymes, aminoglycoside-2''-phosphotransferase-ic [aph(2'')-ic] from enterococcus gallinarum, has been cloned and the wild-type protein (comprising 308 amino-acid residues) and three mutants that showed elevated minimum inhibitor ... | 2008 | 18259066 |
| biological decolourization of c.i. direct black 38 by e. gallinarum. | in the present study, an enterococcus gallinarum strain was isolated from effluent treatment plant of a textile industry based on its ability to decolourize c.i. direct black 38 (db38), a benzidine-based azo dye. effects of dye concentration and medium composition on dye decolourization were studied. the strain was found to decolourize db38 even under aerobic conditions. kinetics of db38 decolourization was also examined, and v(max) and k(s) of decolourization were found to be higher in luria br ... | 2008 | 18280646 |
| a "retrocidal" plasmid in enterococcus faecalis: passage and protection. | enterococcus faecalis mc4 harbors a 130 kb conjugative, pheromone (ccf10)-responding plasmid, pams1, conferring chloramphenicol, streptomycin and tetracycline resistances. a plasmid-borne class iia bacteriocin (mc4-1) determinant and cognate immunity gene were present, but not expressed in mc4. however, pams1 transfer to e. faecalis jh2-2 (but not to the non-isogenic og1ss) generated the surprising ability to express bacteriocin activity against the plasmid donor, mc4. the bacteriocin target spe ... | 2008 | 18295881 |
| enterococcus gallinarum endocarditis in a diabetic patient. | recent studies pointed out the increasing rate of infective endocarditis (ie) in diabetic patients. as diabetes mellitus (dm) prevalence is expected to increase in the coming years, infective endocarditis could be more frequently reported in these patients. we here describe a rare case of enterococcus gallinarum endocarditis developing on normal native heart valve in an elderly diabetic woman. therapeutic options were restricted due to resistance factors of the microorganism, limited guidance in ... | 2008 | 18457897 |
| outbreak of enterococcus gallinarum infections after total knee arthroplasty. | in september 2006, we investigated a cluster of 9 patients who developed enterococcus gallinarum infection after total knee arthroplasty. isolates recovered from these patients were from the same outbreak strain. although all 9 patients were monitored by the same healthcare personnel, were given spinal anesthesia, and had the same specific type of wound irrigation procedure performed during their hospitalization, the source or sources of these infections were not identified. | 2008 | 18462149 |
| prevalence and characterization of enterococcus spp. isolated from brazilian foods. | enterococci can be used in the food industry as starter or probiotic cultures. however, enterococci are also implicated in severe multi-resistant nosocomial infections. in this study, the prevalence of enterococci in selected brazilian foodstuffs (raw and pasteurized milk, meat products, cheeses and vegetables) was evaluated. phenotypic and pcr protocols were used for species identification. tests for production of gelatinase, haemolysin, bacteriocin and bile salt hydrolysis were done with all e ... | 2008 | 18541165 |
| nosocomial outbreak of enteroccocus gallinarum: untaming of rare species of enterococci. | an unusual increase in infections caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococcus gallinarum (vreg) was identified in may 2004, in a colombian tertiary care teaching hospital. a case-control study was subsequently designed to identify risk factors associated with the development of infections due to these organisms. all vreg isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, vancomycin resistance gene detection and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) typing. additionally, the prese ... | 2008 | 18799242 |
| emergence of the vana genotype among enterococcus gallinarum isolates colonising the intestinal tract of patients in a university hospital in rio de janeiro, brazil. | we describe the characteristics of seven unusual isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) carrying both the vanc1 and vana genes that were detected during a 3-month survey carried out to investigate the occurrence of faecal carriage of vre. the isolates were identified as enterococcus gallinarum and showed high-level resistance to both vancomycin and teicoplanin (minimum inhibitory concentrations >256 microg/ml and 64-96 microg/ml, respectively). all seven isolates were also resistant ... | 2009 | 19010645 |
| bacteremia caused by vanc-type enterococci in a university hospital in japan: a 6-year survey. | we retrospectively examined the clinical and microbiological characteristics of bacteremia caused by intrinsically vancomycin-resistant (vanc-type) enterococci in a university hospital in japan. five cases of enterococcus gallinarum and four of enterococcus casseliflavus bacteremia were identified during the 6 years of the survey. of the nine cases, five were related to neutropenic states with hematologic diseases and four were related to biliary tract infection with hepatobiliary or pancreatic ... | 2008 | 19089554 |
| identification and tracing of enterococcus spp. by rapd-pcr in traditional fermented sausages and meat environment. | four local small-scale factories were studied to determine the sources of enterococci in traditional fermented sausages. | 2009 | 19120623 |
| the homogeneity of vanb gene cluster among enterococcal isolates in iran. | this study aimed to analyse the diversity of the vanb gene cluster in enterococcal species isolated from sewage treatment plants (stp) in tehran, iran. | 2009 | 19141035 |
| enterococcus faecalis with the gelatinase phenotype regulated by the fsr operon and with biofilm-forming capacity are common in the agricultural environment. | the prevalence of gelatinase activity and biofilm formation among environmental enterococci was assessed. in total, 396 enterococcal isolates from swine and cattle faeces and house flies from a cattle farm were screened for gelatinase activity. the most prevalent phenotype on todd-hewitt agar with 1.5% skim milk was the weak protease (wp) (72.2% of isolates), followed by the strong protease (sp) 18.7%, and no protease (np) (9.1%). the majority of wp isolates was represented by enterococcus hirae ... | 2009 | 19222538 |
| prevalence and antibiotic-resistance characteristics of enterococcus spp. isolated from free-living and captive raptors in central illinois. | due to their predatory nature, raptor species may serve as important indicators of environmental contamination with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. raptors prey on small rodents and birds that have diverse habitat ranges, including urban and rural environments, and their intestinal microflora can reflect that of the animals on which they feed. enterococcus spp. were selected as target organisms because they have been isolated from the avian gastrointestinal tract, can be conferred by prey item ... | 2009 | 19395740 |
| bio-hydrogen production from cellulose by sequential co-culture of cellulosic hydrogen bacteria of enterococcus gallinarum g1 and ethanoigenens harbinense b49. | microbial conversion of lignocellulose to hydrogen is a fascinating way to provide a renewable energy source. a mesophilic bacterium strain g1 that had high cellulose degradation and hydrogen production activity (2.38 mmol h(2) g(-1) cellulose) was isolated from rumen fluid and identified as the enterococcus gallinarum. hydrogen production from cellulose by using sequential co-cultures of a cellulosic-hydrolysis bacterium g1 and ethanoigenens harbinense b49 was investigated. with an initial avic ... | 2009 | 19466556 |
| [glycopeptide-resistant enterococci carriage: are actual isolation and identification techniques sufficient?] | the monitoring of infection by glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (gre) is one of the main elements of hospital hygiene policy. it involves systematic rectal swabs in clinics at risk (asymptomatic carriage). aim: we compare two gre screening methods and evaluate a new kit associating multiplex pcr and hybridization (génotype((r)) enterococcus, hain lifescience) on a panel of 448 samples collected over a 4-month period. patients and methods: the first method is based on direct inoculation of the ... | 2009 | 19477606 |
| proteolytic bacteria in the lower digestive tract of poultry may affect avian influenza virus pathogenicity. | proteolytic cleavage of hemagglutinin is required for cell entry by receptor-mediated endocytosis and plays a key role in pathogenicity of the influenza virus. despite several studies describing relationships between bacterial proteases and influenza a viral activation in mammals, very little is known about the role of the normal bacterial flora of birds on hemagglutinin activation. we examined the indigenous intestinal microflora of 100 mixed-sex, 27-d-old ross chickens from a commercial poultr ... | 2009 | 19531708 |
| molecular epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in singapore. | to characterise the mechanism of glycopeptide resistance, genetic relatedness, and pathogenicity factors in isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in singapore. | 2009 | 19670074 |
| characterization and identification of proteolytic bacteria from the gut of the velvetbean caterpillar (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the characterization and identification of proteolytic bacteria from the gut of the velvetbean caterpillar (anticarsia gemmatalis) were the objectives of this study. twelve aerobic and anaerobic isolates of proteolytic bacteria were obtained from the caterpillar gut in calcium caseinate agar. the number of colony forming units (cfus) of proteolytic bacteria was higher when the bacteria were extracted from caterpillars reared on artificial diet rather than on soybean leaves (1.73 +/- 0.35 x 10(3) ... | 2009 | 19689886 |
| vana in enterococcus faecium, enterococcus faecalis, and enterococcus casseliflavus detected in french cattle. | the goal of this study was to assess the presence of enterococci species presenting van-mediated glycopeptide resistance in french cattle. fecal samples were collected from healthy and sick animals, and enterococci were screened for vancomycin resistance. vancomycin resistance was principally encountered in enterococcus gallinarum and enterococcus casseliflavus strains. however, glycopeptide resistance was detected in three different species of enterococci (e. faecalis, e. faecium, and e. cassel ... | 2009 | 19694552 |
| characterization of enterococci populations collected from a subsurface flow constructed wetland. | the aim of this study was to identify and characterize the population of enterococcus sp. in domestic wastewater as it flows through a constructed wetland. | 2010 | 19778344 |
| antimicrobial resistance of enterococci isolated from mastitic bovine milk samples in korea. | the aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance of various species of enterococci isolated from mastitic bovine milk samples. a total of 105 enterococci isolates were examined: enterococcus faecalis (n = 47), enterococcus faecium (n = 39), enterococcus gallinarum (n = 6), enterococcus avium (n = 6), enterococcus hirae (n = 5) and enterococcus durans (n = 2). all the isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, gentamicin and vancomycin, and only a single e. hirae isolate was resi ... | 2010 | 20042062 |
| enterococcus species distribution among human and animal hosts using multiplex pcr. | this study evaluated the use of enterococcus species differentiation as a tool for microbial source tracking (mst) in recreational waters. | 2010 | 20132375 |
| mlst and a genetic study of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in vana-containing enterococcus from buzzards (buteo buteo). | to analyse the occurrence of faecal carriage of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in buteo buteo and to study the associated resistance and virulence genes. | 2010 | 20141591 |
| characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus isolates from broilers in selangor, malaysia. | vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre) is an emerging nosocomial pathogen in humans. the use of antibiotics in human therapy and in the production of food animals has been incriminated in the emergence of this organism. the present study describes the distribution of vre species, the vancomycin-resistant genes detected, the vancomycin resistance pattern observed, and the genetic diversity of the isolates found in live broiler chickens in malaysia. overall 140 vre were isolated with species comp ... | 2009 | 20237442 |
| expression of the avian-specific toll-like receptor 15 in chicken heterophils is mediated by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, but not tlr agonists. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are a critical component of the innate immune response of mammalian and avian species. while most mammalian tlrs have been well characterized, the chicken-specific tlr15 has not been extensively studied. we recently demonstrated that tlr15 is differentially expressed between salmonella-susceptible-and-resistant chickens, indicating a potential role in the innate immune response to infection with salmonella. the aim of the present study was to gain better insight into t ... | 2010 | 20303182 |
| isolation and identification of atp-secreting bacteria from mice and humans. | in a recent report, atp, which was possibly secreted by some intestinal bacteria, was shown to cause colitis in mice via th17 cell differentiation. however, the atp-secreting bacteria have not been isolated and identified. in the present study, we report that enterococcus gallinarum, which is a vancomycin-resistant gram-positive coccus isolated from mice and humans, secretes atp. | 2010 | 20305009 |
| pcr-rflp of 16s ribosomal dna to confirm the identification of enterococcus gallinarum and enterococcus casseliflavus isolated from clinical and food samples. | this study aimed to confirm the identification of enterococcus gallinarum and enterococcus casseliflavus isolated from clinical and food samples by pcr-rflp. | 2010 | 20305980 |
| emergence of vanb enterococcus gallinarum colonization in association with glycopeptide therapy. | 2010 | 20357217 | |
| bacteremia caused by non-faecalis and non-faecium enterococcus species at a medical center in taiwan, 2000 to 2008. | summary objectives: human infections due to non-faecalis and non-faecium enterococcus species are emerging but data on the characteristics of these infections are limited. | 2010 | 20433865 |
| [detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci using multiplex real-time pcr assay and melting curve analysis]. | we developed and evaluated the utility of a multiplex real-time pcr assay that uses melting curve analysis and allows simultaneous identification of vancomycin-resistant genotypes and clinically relevant enterococci. | 2010 | 20445331 |
| enterococcus gallinarum meningitis in an immunocompetent host: a case report. | we describe a rare case of a 53-year-old man with a long history of alcohol abuse, with enterococcus gallinarum meningitis, an organism that rarely causes human infection and is primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry. the patient improved with high-dose ampicillin and gentamicin therapy. to our knowledge, this is the first brazilian reported case of e. gallinarum meningitis and probably the first case described in an immunocompetent host. | 2010 | 20464133 |
| regional spread of vana- or vanb-positive enterococcus gallinarum in hospitals and long-term care facilities in kyoto prefecture, japan. | following an outbreak of vana-positive enterococcus faecium in 2005 in kyoto prefecture, regional surveillance of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) was initiated. this revealed vana- or vanb-positive enterococcus gallinarum in multiple facilities. eighty-eight vana-positive e. gallinarum faecal carriers from 12 facilities and ten vanb-positive e. gallinarum faecal carriers from eight facilities were found. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of the first isolate from each facility sho ... | 2011 | 20513252 |
| characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from fecal samples of ostriches by molecular methods. | the aim of this study was to estimate the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in fecal samples of ostriches from a farm of southern portugal, the mechanisms implicated, and the associated virulence factors, 13 years after the banning of the glycopeptide avoparcin as animal growth promoter in the european union. fifty-four fecal samples of ostriches were inoculated in slanetz-bartley supplemented with vancomycin (4 microg/ml) for vre recovery. susceptibility to 11 antibiotics was ... | 2010 | 20528466 |
| enterococcus species composition determined by capillary electrophoresis of the groesl gene spacer region dna. | marine recreational beaches are monitored for fecal contamination by enterococcus spp. (ent) counts. although different ent species in the environment tend to thrive in and originate from distinct hosts, the current monitoring method does not differentiate among species. time-consuming isolation-based species identification precludes routine analysis of environmental ent communities. therefore, an isolation-independent dna fingerprinting method was developed to characterize environmental ent com ... | 2010 | 20639015 |
| [comparison of midgut bacterial community between bt-resistant and sensitive helicoverpa armigera]. | to investigate the midgut bacterial community of sensitive and resistant helicoverpa armigera for the emergence of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis. | 2010 | 20687351 |
| stored-product insects carry antibiotic-resistant and potentially virulent enterococci. | a total of 154 enterococcal isolates from 95 stored-product insects collected from a feed mill, a grain storage silo, and a retail store were isolated and identified to the species level using pcr. enterococcus casseliflavus represented 51% of the total isolates, followed by enterococcus gallinarum (24%), enterococcus faecium (14%), enterococcus faecalis (7%), and enterococcus hirae (5%). many isolates were resistant to tetracycline (48%), followed by streptomycin (21%), erythromycin (14%), kana ... | 2010 | 20735478 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococci from portuguese wastewater treatment plants. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of vancomycin resistant enterococci in sludge and sewage of urban and poultry-slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plants. a total of 17 vancomycin resistant enterococci (eight vana -containing enterococcus faecium and nine vanc1/vanc2 -containing enterococcus gallinarum/casseliflavus) were found among 499 isolates of sewage and sludge samples of 14 urban and nine poultry-slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plants. these seventeen vre isol ... | 2010 | 20806259 |
| ccrabent serine recombinase genes are widely distributed in the enterococcus faecium and enterococcus casseliflavus species groups and are expressed in e. faecium. | the presence, distribution and expression of cassette chromosome recombinase (ccr) genes, which are homologous to the staphylococcal ccrab genes and are designated ccrab(ent) genes, were examined in enterococcal isolates (n=421) representing 13 different species. a total of 118 (28 %) isolates were positive for ccrab(ent) genes by pcr, and a number of these were confirmed by southern hybridization with a ccra(ent) probe (n=76) and partial dna sequencing of ccra(ent) and ccrb(ent) genes (n=38). c ... | 2010 | 20817645 |
| antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance in commensal enterococci isolated from pigs. | antibiotic resistance in animal isolates of enterococci is of public health concern because of the risk of transfer of antibiotic resistance isolates or resistance determinants to consumers via the food chain. in this study, phenotypic and genotypic resistance in 192 pig isolates of enterococci to ampicillin, avilamycin, avoparcin, bacitracin, flavophospholipol, gentamicin, narasin, tetracycline, tiamulin, tylosin, vancomycin, virginiamycin, copper and zinc were investigated by susceptibility te ... | 2010 | 20951513 |
| [evaluation of the usefulness of selective chromogenic agar medium (chromid vre) and multiplex pcr method for the detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci]. | accurate and early detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) is critical for controlling nosocomial infection. in this study, we evaluated the usefulness of a selective chromogenic agar medium and of multiplex pcr for detection of vre, and both these techniques were compared with the conventional culture method for vre detection. | 2010 | 21157150 |
| multidrug-resistant enterococci in animal meat and faeces and co-transfer of resistance from an enterococcus durans to a human enterococcus faecium. | forty-eight isolates resistant to at least two antibiotics were selected from 53 antibiotic-resistant enterococci from chicken and pig meat and faeces and analysed for specific resistance determinants. of the 48 multidrug-resistant (mdr) strains, 31 were resistant to two antibiotics (29 to erythromycin and tetracycline, 1 to erythromycin and vancomycin, 1 to vancomycin and tetracycline), 14 to three (erythromycin, tetracycline and vancomycin or ampicillin) and 3 to four (erythromycin, vancomycin ... | 2011 | 21286720 |
| bacteriophage-mediated transduction of antibiotic resistance in enterococci. | temperate bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that transfer genetic information between bacteria. this phenomenon is known as transduction, and it is important in acquisition of bacterial virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance determinants. the aim of this study was to demonstrate the role of bacteriophages in gene transfer (antibiotic resistance) in enterococci. | 2011 | 21395627 |
| enterococcus gallinarum meningitis: a case report and literature review. | we report a case of enterococcus gallinarum meningitis in a 53-year-old female who was admitted to our hospital with a fever, headache, and consciousness disturbance one week after a life-saving craniotomy operation. there was obvious neck stiffness; lumber puncture was performed and cerebrospinal fluid parameters were consistent with bacterial meningitis. the patient was given ceftriaxone and vancomycin for bacterial meningitis. cerebrospinal fluid culture yielded an isolate which was identifie ... | 2011 | 21444994 |
| trafficking of methicillin-resistant staphylococci and co-colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | to determine the trafficking of methicillin-resistant staphylococci between the hospital and community as well as the occurrence of co-colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre). | 2011 | 21454996 |
| characterization of the mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance in vancomycin-resistant enterococci of different origins. | the mutations in gyra and parc genes were analyzed in 22 vancomycin-resistant enterococci of different origins and species, which had varying susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (minimum inhibitory concentration, mic: 0.5- >256 mg/l). all vana or vanb2-containing strains with ciprofloxacin mic of >32 mg/l presented amino acid changes in gyra protein (s83i, s83y, s83r or s83i-e87g) with/without changes in parc protein (s80i or s80r or s80l). strains with lower ciprofloxacin mics presented the gyra an ... | 2011 | 21571624 |
| prevalence of vanc vancomycin-resistant enterococci in the teaching hospitals of the university of debrecen, hungary. | vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) are common nosocomial pathogens; however, until now they have been rarely encountered in hungary. in the present study, we investigated the prevalence of vre in the teaching hospitals of the university of debrecen. of 7,271 enterococcus-containing clinical samples collected between 2004 and 2009, we identified 16 vre. species-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to detect enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, enterococcus casseliflavus, and en ... | 2011 | 21649462 |
| non-susceptibility to tigecycline in enterococci from hospitalised patients, food products and community sources. | in this study, the in vitro activity of tigecycline against 1140 enterococci collected from humans, food products, animals and the environment in portugal (1996-2008) was analysed. ten isolates (seven enterococcus faecalis and three enterococcus spp.) non-susceptible to tigecycline (minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.5-1.0 mg/l), which were also resistant to tetracycline and minocycline, were mostly observed in samples collected before the introduction of tigecycline in the therapeutic arsen ... | 2011 | 21664110 |
| molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and extended-spectrum +¦-lactamase-containing escherichia coli isolates in wild birds from the azores archipelago. | to study the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) and extended-spectrum +¦-lactamase (esbl)-containing escherichia coli isolates, and the mechanisms of resistance implicated, 220 faecal samples from wild birds were collected between 2006 and 2010 in the azores archipelago. samples were spread on slanetz-bartley agar plates supplemented with 4 mg/l vancomycin and on levine agar plates supplemented with 2 mg/l cefotaxime for vre and esbl-containing e. coli isolation, respectively. ... | 2011 | 21834624 |