Publications

in vitro activities of tedizolid and linezolid against gram-positive cocci associated with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and pneumonia.	tedizolid is a novel, expanded-spectrum oxazolidinone with potent activity against a wide range of gram-positive pathogens. a total of 425 isolates of gram-positive bacteria were obtained consecutively from patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (absssis) or pneumonia. these isolates included methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa) (n = 100), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) (n = 100), streptococcus pyogenes (n = 50), streptococcus agalact ...	2015	26248355
antimicrobial effect against different bacterial strains and bacterial adaptation to essential oils used as feed additives.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) of the essential oils derived from origanum vulgare (oregano), melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree), cinnamomum cassia (cassia), and thymus vulgaris (white thyme) against salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enteritidis, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis. the study also investigated the ability of these different bacterial strains to develop adapt ...	2015	26424908
antimicrobial activity and ph of calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles intracanal medication and association with chlorhexidine.	to evaluate ph and antibacterial activity of pastes with calcium hydroxide [ca(oh)2] and zinc oxide (zno) microparticles (micro) or nanoparticles (nano) and association with 0.4% chlorhexidine against enterococcus faecalis.	2015	26423497
aortico-left atrial fistula: a rare complication of bioprosthetic aortic valve endocarditis secondary to enterococcus faecalis.	paravalvular aortic root abscess with intracardiac fistula formation is an exceedingly rare complication of infective endocarditis. this condition is even more rarely encountered in patients with bioprosthetic valve endocarditis. we report an unusual case of a 68-year-old bosnian female with a bioprosthetic aortic valve, who developed an extensive aortic root abscess, complicated by an aortico-left atrial intracardiac fistula. this case illustrates that a high index of suspicion, prompt diagnosi ...	2015	26246917
antibacterial and residual antimicrobial activities against enterococcus faecalis biofilm: a comparison between edta, chlorhexidine, cetrimide, mtad and qmix.	we compared the antibacterial and residual antimicrobial activities of five root canal irrigants (17% edta,2% chlorhexidine,0.2% cetrimide, mtad, and qmix) in a model of enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation. sixty dentin blocks with 3-week e. faecalis biofilm were divided into six equal groups and flushed with irrigant for 2 min or left untreated. a blank control group was also established. antibacterial activities of the irrigants were evaluated by counting colony forming units. to test resi ...	2015	26245711
antimicrobial susceptibility profile of uropathogens in maluti adventist hospital patients, 2011.	urinary tract infections (utis) are amongst the most common infections encountered globally and are usually treated empirically based on bacterial resistance to antibiotics for a given region. unfortunately in lesotho, no published studies are available to guide doctors in the treatment of utis. treatment protocols for western countries have been adopted, which may not be applicable for this region.	2015	26245603
vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections: epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and optimal management.	since its discovery in england and france in 1986, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus has increasingly become a major nosocomial pathogen worldwide. enterococci are prolific colonizers, with tremendous genome plasticity and a propensity for persistence in hospital environments, allowing for increased transmission and the dissemination of resistance elements. infections typically present in immunosuppressed patients who have received multiple courses of antibiotics in the past. virulence is variab ...	2015	26244026
biofilm synthesis and presence of virulence factors among enterococci isolated from patients and water samples.	the goal of this study was to compare biofilm synthesis among enterococci recovered from clinical samples (infection or colonization) of patients as well as environmental samples in order to determine possible virulence factors and clonal relationship. during a two-year period, clinical samples (blood, catheter tips, bronchial secretions, wounds, peritoneal fluid, urine) and rectal swabs collected from hospitalized patients as well as environmental water samples were tested for the presence of e ...	2015	26242895
identification of vancomycin interaction with enterococcus faecalis within 30 min of interaction time using raman spectroscopy.	vancomycin is an important glycopeptide antibiotic which is used to treat serious infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. however, during the last years, a tremendous rise in vancomycin resistances, especially among enterococci, was reported, making fast diagnostic methods inevitable. in this contribution, we apply raman spectroscopy to systematically characterize vancomycin-enterococci interactions over a time span of 90 min using a sensitive enterococcus faecalis strain and two different ...	2015	26231687
the in vitro effect of irrigants with low surface tension on enterococcus faecalis.	due to the complex anatomy of the root canal system and high surface tension of common root canal irrigants (rci), conducting an investigation on rcis containing surfactants is a priority. the aim of this in vitro study was to verify the antibacterial potential of rci with low surface tension in root canals infected with enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis).	2015	26229541
the enterococcal cytolysin synthetase has an unanticipated lipid kinase fold.	the enterococcal cytolysin is a virulence factor consisting of two post-translationally modified peptides that synergistically kill human immune cells. both peptides are made by cylm, a member of the lanm lanthipeptide synthetases. cylm catalyzes seven dehydrations of ser and thr residues and three cyclization reactions during the biosynthesis of the cytolysin large subunit. we present here the 2.2 å resolution structure of cylm, the first structural information on a lanm. unexpectedly, the stru ...	2015	26226635
leukocyte presence does not increase microbicidal activity of platelet-rich plasma in vitro.	human platelets are a rich reservoir of molecules that promote regenerative processes and microbicidal activity. this activity might be increased by concentration in platelet-rich plasma (prp) products and modulated by the presence of leukocytes. despite extensive use in clinical procedures, only few studies have investigated prp's real microbicidal potential. therefore, this study aimed at comparing the in vitro microbicidal activity of platelets and leukocyte-enriched prp (l-prp) to pure plate ...	2015	26223356
surfaces presenting α-phenyl mannoside derivatives enable formation of stable, high coverage, non-pathogenic escherichia coli biofilms against pathogen colonization.	prevention of pathogenic colonization on medical devices over a long period of time remains a great challenge, especially in a high-nutrient environment that accelerates the production of biomass leading to biofouling of the device. since biofouling and the subsequent pathogen colonization is eventually inevitable, a new strategy using non-pathogenic bacteria as living guards against pathogenic colonization on medical devices has attracted increasing interest. crucial to the success of this stra ...	2015	26221844
epidemiological alteration in pathogens found in ground meat in iran: unexpected predominance of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis.	colonization of the human and animal intestinal tract with potential pathogenic bacteria is correlated with the risk of contamination of food products. the current study analyzed the prevalence of enterococcus faecalis and escherichia coli o157h7 in ground meat in ilam, iran. both index organisms were identified following standard food microbiological methods. for e. faecalis, the susceptibility to vancomycin was tested, and pcr was used to check for the vana gene. e. faecalis was present in all ...	2015	26213680
antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide and betamethasone on enterococcus faecalis; an in vitro assessment.	calcium hydroxide (ch) is one of the most common intracanal medications. corticosteroids (cs) are used in endodontics because of their anti-inflammatory activity. this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of ch+betamethasone and ch+saline against enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) using agar diffusion test and measuring the microbial zone of inhibition (zoi).	2015	26213541
antibacterial efficacy of pastes against e faecalis in primary root dentin: a confocal microscope study.	management of abscessed primary teeth often present endodontic failure owing to questioned efficiency of dressings or obturating pastes to eliminate enterococcus faecalis, a resistant bacterium, residing in depth of dentinal tubules. the present study evaluates the antimicrobial efficacy of two antibacterial and two obturating pastes in dentinal tubules of primary teeth infected with enterococcus faecalis using viability stain and confocal laser scanning microscope (clsm).	2015	26208070
genome sequences of copper resistant and sensitive enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from copper-fed pigs in denmark.	six strains of enterococcus faecalis (s1, s12, s17, s18, s19 and s32) were isolated from copper fed pigs in denmark. these gram-positive bacteria within the genus enterococcus are able to survive a variety of physical and chemical challenges by the acquisition of diverse genetic elements. the genome of strains s1, s12, s17, s18, s19 and s32 contained 2,615, 2,769, 2,625, 2,804, 2,853 and 2,935 protein-coding genes, with 41, 42, 27, 42, 32 and 44 genes encoding antibiotic and metal resistance, re ...	2015	26203344
antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of an extract, fractions, and compounds isolated from gochnatia pulchra aerial parts.	this paper reports on the in vitro antibacterial and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties of a hydroethanolic extract of the aerial parts of gochnatia pulchra (hegp). it also describes the antibacterial activity of hegp fractions and of the isolated compounds genkwanin, scutellarin, apigenin, and 3,5-o-dicaffeoylquinic acid, as evaluated by a broth microdilution method. while hegp and its fractions did not provide promising results, the isolated compounds exhibited pronounced antibacterial activ ...	2015	26200228
structures of folt in substrate-bound and substrate-released conformations reveal a gating mechanism for ecf transporters.	energy-coupling factor (ecf) transporters are a new family of abc transporters that consist of four subunits, two cytoplasmic atpases ecfa and ecfa' and two transmembrane proteins namely ecfs for substrate-specific binding and ecft for energy coupling. here, we report the 3.2-å resolution crystal structure of the ecfs protein of a folate ecf transporter from enterococcus faecalis-effolt, a close homologue of folt from lactobacillus brevis-lbfolt. structural and biochemical analyses reveal the re ...	2015	26198469
anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity characterization and toxicity studies of flowers of "jarilla", a medicinal shrub from argentina.	zuccagnia punctata cav. (fabaceae) is an argentine medicinal aromatic shrub (jarilla pispito, puspus, lata and jarilla macho). the chalcones were identified as pigments responsible for the yellow color of the flowers. hydroethanolic extracts were obtained both from fresh flowers and from flowers dried by lyophilization. the extracts were standardized by their phenolic and flavonoids content. their fingerprints by hplc-dad indicated the presence of two chalcones as major compounds (2',4'-dihydrox ...	2015	26197533
protective effect of enterococcus faecalis dapto 512 on the intestinal tract and gut mucosa: milk allergy application.	the allergenicity of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) was studied by using ussing chamber in a murine model of β-lg allergy supplemented with hydrolysates obtained after fermentation of milk for 48 h at 37 (°)c with enterococcus faecalis dapto 512, isolated from cow milk and identified by 16s rdna sequence analysis. balb/c mice were sensitised intraperitoneally with β-lg. three groups of mice were formed: group 1, composed of naive mice used as control received only nacl; group 2, positive control compose ...	2015	26192744
repeated exposures to blue light-activated eosin y enhance inactivation of e. faecalis biofilms, in vitro.	in dentistry, antibacterial photodynamic therapy (a-pdt) has shown promising results for inactivating bacterial biofilms causing carious, endodontic and periodontal diseases. in the current study, we assessed the ability of eosin y exposed to 3 irradiation protocols at inactivating enterococcus faecalis biofilms, in vitro.	2015	26188278
synthesis and evaluation of isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones as novel agents against antibiotic-resistant gram-positive bacterial species.	methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre) have caused an increasing mortality rate, which means that antibiotic resistance is becoming an important health issue. in the course to screen new agents for resistant bacteria, we identified that a series of isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones (ibts) could inhibit the growth of mrsa and vre. this was the first time that the "familiar" ibt compounds exhibited significant anti gram-positive pathogen activity. ...	2015	26185006
antimicrobial resistance and virulence traits in enterococcus strains isolated from dogs and cats.	we investigated presence and prevalence of antibiotic-resistances and other biological characters in enterococci isolated from faeces of healthy dogs and cats because these microorganisms represent important human and veterinary pathogens/opportunists, and a significant burden for healthcare systems. in all samples (n=115) we detected enterococci, with a predominance of enterococcus faecium (42; 36.5%) and enterococcus faecalis (36; 31.3%) species, endowed with virulence traits and multidrug-res ...	2015	26147147
estradiol protects female rats against sepsis induced by enterococcus faecalis improving leukocyte bactericidal activity.	enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive bacteria described as an important causative agent of sepsis. the contact between host leukocytes and bacteria activates the innate immunity, participating as the first defense mechanism against infection. pro-inflammatory cytokines [including tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-α and interleukin-1β] and nitric oxide (no) are essential to recruitment of leukocytes into the infectious focus as well as their activation for phagocytosis. beyond the bacteria species, ...	2015	26143494
[microbiological characteristics and patterns of resistance in prosthetic joint infections in a referral hospital].	the prosthetic joint infection is the most feared and catastrophic complication for cause severe physical damage to patients and, generates high economic costs.	2015	26143043
enterococcus faecalis inhibits osteoblast differentiation and induces chemokine expression.	enterococcus faecalis is commonly found in root canals of patients with refractory apical periodontitis, often accompanying inflammation and malfunctioning bone regeneration. in this study, we investigated the effect of e. faecalis on osteoblast differentiation and the ability to induce chemokine expression to recruit inflammatory cells.	2015	26141768
enterococcus faecalis promotes osteoclastogenesis and semaphorin 4d expression.	enterococcus faecalis is considered a major bacterial pathogen implicated in endodontic infections and contributes considerably to periapical periodontitis. this study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms by which e. faecalis accounts for the bone destruction in periapical periodontitis in vitro. osteoclast precursor raw264.7 cells were treated with e. faecalis atcc 29212 and a wild strain of e. faecalis derived clinically from an infected root canal. the results showed that, to some ex ...	2015	26138525
antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine after final irrigation with ethanol: clsm and culture-based method analysis.	this study investigated the effect of 95% ethanol on the antibacterial properties of 2% chlorexidine (chx) over monospecies biofilm (enterococcus faecalis) through a culture-based method, and over multispecies biofilm using confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm). for monospecies model, e. faecalis biofilm was induced in 40 root canals. the irrigation procedures were: s-saline solution; s/chx-saline solution + chx; e-ethanol; and e/chx-ethanol + chx. microbial sampling was performed at three p ...	2015	26138134
antibacterial monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from alstonia scholaris cultivated in temperate zone.	three new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, named normavacurine-21-one (1), 5-hydroxy-19, 20-e-alschomine (2), and 5-hydroxy-19, 20-z-alschomine (3), together with thirteen known indole alkaloids (4-16) were isolated from the leaves of alstonia scholaris cultivated in kunming. their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, as well as by comparison with the reported spectroscopic data. the leaves of a. scholaris cultivated in kunming, contained picrinine-type alk ...	2015	26136061
molecular typing, pathogenicity factor genes and antimicrobial susceptibility of vancomycin resistant enterococci in belgrade, serbia.	in this study the distribution of species and antimicrobial resistance among vancomycin resistant enterococci (vre) recovered from clinical specimens obtained from five hospitals in belgrade was analyzed. strains were further characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to investigate the presence of vana and vanb genes and pathogenicity factor genes. identification of 194 vre isolates revealed 154 enterococcus faecium, 21 enterococcus faecal ...	2015	26132835
establishment and characterization of uti and cauti in a mouse model.	urinary tract infections (uti) are highly prevalent, a significant cause of morbidity and are increasingly resistant to treatment with antibiotics. females are disproportionately afflicted by uti: 50% of all women will have a uti in their lifetime. additionally, 20-40% of these women who have an initial uti will suffer a recurrence with some suffering frequent recurrences with serious deterioration in the quality of life, pain and discomfort, disruption of daily activities, increased healthcare ...	2015	26132341
clinical features and treatment of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.	the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and treatment results of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. five patients with endophthalmitis after phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation were enrolled in this study. the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, and surgical outcomes of 5 patients were compared. three patients were surgically treated with anterior chamber irrigation and vitrectomy with intravitreal injection. the remaining two patients were medica ...	2015	26125869
evaluation of an indigenously prepared herbal extract (endopam) as an antimicrobial endodontic irrigant: an ex vivo study.	root canal irrigation plays a pivotal role in endodontics. constant increase in antibiotic resistance and side effects caused by synthetic irrigants has shifted the research toward developing herbal alternatives. the current study aims to assess the ex vivo effectiveness of an indigenously prepared herbal extract "endopam" and compare it with the conventional endodontic irrigants for disinfection of root canals infected with enterococcus faecalis.	2015	26124607
from (p)ppgpp to (pp)pgpp: characterization of regulatory effects of pgpp synthesized by the small alarmone synthetase of enterococcus faecalis.	the bacterial stringent response (sr) is a conserved stress tolerance mechanism that orchestrates physiological alterations to enhance cell survival. this response is mediated by the intracellular accumulation of the alarmones pppgpp and ppgpp, collectively called (p)ppgpp. in enterococcus faecalis, (p)ppgpp metabolism is carried out by the bifunctional synthetase/hydrolase e. faecalis rel (relef) and the small alarmone synthetase (sas) relqef. although rel is the main enzyme responsible for sr ...	2015	26124242
codon-optimized fluorescent mtfp and mcherry for microscopic visualization and genetic counterselection of streptococci and enterococci.	despite the powerful potential of fluorescent proteins for labeling bacteria, their use has been limited in multi-species oral biofilm models. fermentative metabolism by streptococcal species that initiate biofilm colonization results in an acidic, reduced microenvironment that may limit the activities of some fluorescent proteins which are influenced by ph and oxygen availability. the need to reliably distinguish morphologically similar strains within biofilms was the impetus for this work. tea ...	2015	26122309
a novel rat model of catheter-associated urinary tract infection.	the authors aimed to establish a rat model of catheter-associated utis using a complete urethral catheter. bacterial growth in biofilms on urethral catheters was analyzed using standard culture methods to validate this model.	2015	26122120
enterococcal endocarditis revisited.	the enterococcus species is the third main cause of infective endocarditis (ie) worldwide, and it is gaining relevance, especially among healthcare-associated cases. patients with enterococcal ie are older and have more comorbidities than other types of ie. classical treatment options are limited due to the emergence of high-level aminoglycosides resistance (hlar), vancomycin resistance and multidrug resistance in some cases. besides, few new antimicrobial alternatives have shown real efficacy, ...	2015	26118390
nanostructured composite material graphite/tio2 and its antibacterial activity under visible light irradiation.	the paper addresses laboratory preparation, characterization and in vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of graphite/tio2 nanocomposites. composites graphite/tio2 with various ratio of tio2 nanoparticles (30wt.%, and 50wt.%) to graphite were prepared using a thermal hydrolysis of titanylsulfate in the presence of graphite particles, and subsequently dried at 80°c. x-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and raman microspectroscopy served as phase-analytical methods disti ...	2015	26114221
the natural surfactant glycerol monolaurate significantly reduces development of staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis biofilms.	bacterial biofilms are involved in a large proportion of clinical infections, including device-related infections. unfortunately, biofilm-associated bacteria are typically less susceptible to antibiotics, and infected devices must often be removed. on the basis of a recent observation that lipid-rich biofilm matrix material is present in early biofilm formation and may protect a population of bacteria from interacting with ordinarily diffusible small molecules, we hypothesized that surfactants m ...	2015	26110557
[diagnosis in patients with a painful arthroplasty].	the differential diagnosis between asepting loosening or prosthetic joint infection is not always easy. tc-99m-labelled leucocyte scans, frozen section and histology can help recognise doubtful cases. we report the experience of the unit for infectious diseases and septic orthopaedics of the asl-2 liguria, italy, with a tc-99m-labelled leucocyte scan and intraoperative frozen section to choose the best therapeutic approach: one-stage or two-stage exchange or arthrodesis-arthroplastica. all cases ...	2015	26110294
characterization of lactobacillus fermentum pl9988 isolated from healthy elderly korean in a longevity village.	in this work, we wanted to develop a probiotic from famous longevity villages in korea. we visited eight longevity villages in korea to collect fecal samples from healthy adults who were aged above 80 years and had regular bowel movements, and isolated lactic-acid-producing bacteria from the samples. isolated colonies that appeared on mrs agar containing bromophenol blue were identified by means of 16s rrna sequencing, and 102 of the isolates were identified as lactic-acid-producing bacteria (18 ...	2015	26095384
combined antibacterial effect of sodium hypochlorite and root canal sealers against enterococcus faecalis biofilms in dentin canals.	the present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the combined use of sodium hypochlorite (naocl) and root canal sealers on enterococcus faecalis biofilms using a dentin infection model.	2015	26092772
sol-gel-derived bioactive glasses demonstrate antimicrobial effects on common oral bacteria.	to determine the antibacterial effect of nano-structured, sol-gel processed bioactive glasses that may be used for implants, coatings, and as adjuncts to dental restorative materials.	2015	26087578
preterm infant gut colonization in the neonatal icu and complete restoration 2 years later.	preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) are exposed to multidrug-resistant bacteria previously adapted to the hospital environment. the aim of the present study was to characterize the bacterial antibiotic-resistant high-risk lineages colonizing preterm infants during their nicu stay and their persistence in faeces after 2 years. a total of 26 preterm neonates were recruited between october 2009 and june 2010 and provided 144 faecal samples. milk samples (86 mother's milk, 35 hu ...	2015	26086569
low-dose gentamicin for uncomplicated enterococcus faecalis bacteremia may be nephrotoxic in children.	uncertainty exists regarding the role of synergistic gentamicin for uncomplicated enterococcus faecalis bacteremia in children.	2015	26082503
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from raw goat milk and effect of farming practices on the dominant species of lactic acid bacteria.	lactic acid bacteria, in particular lactococcus lactis, play a decisive role in the cheese making process and more particularly in lactic cheeses which are primarily produced on goat dairy farms. the objective of this study was therefore to identify the main lactic acid bacteria found in raw goats' milk from three different regions in france and evaluate if certain farming practices have an effect on the distribution of species of lactic acid bacteria in the various milk samples. identification ...	2015	26082325
adherence and intracellular survival within human macrophages of enterococcus faecalis isolates from coastal marine sediment.	enterococcus faecalis is part of the human intestinal microbiota and an important nosocomial pathogen. it can be found in the marine environment, where it is also employed as a fecal indicator. to assess the pathogenic potential of marine e. faecalis, four strains isolated from marine sediment were analyzed for their ability to survive in human macrophages. escherichia coli dh5α was used as a negative control. the number of adherent and intracellular bacteria was determined 2.5 h after the infec ...	2015	26079735
non-linear significant relationship between use of glycopeptides and isolation of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus species in a university hospital setting.	emergence of colonization and infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) has become a worldwide challenge. to investigate whether the increasing incidence of vre isolation can be correlated with use of glycopeptides in the hospital setting, we conducted a hospital-wide two-year study in the university hospital of vienna.	2015	26078865
evaluation of the enterococcus faecalis biofilm-associated virulence factors ahrc and eep in rat foreign body osteomyelitis and in vitro biofilm-associated antimicrobial resistance.	enterococcus faecalis can cause healthcare-associated biofilm infections, including those of orthopedic devices. treatment of enterococcal prosthetic joint infection is difficult, in part, due to biofilm-associated antimicrobial resistance. we previously showed that the e. faecalis og1rf genes ahrc and eep are in vitro biofilm determinants and virulence factors in animal models of endocarditis and catheter-associated urinary tract infection. in this study, we evaluated the role of these genes in ...	2015	26076451
genetic relationships among enterococcus faecalis isolates from different sources as revealed by multilocus sequence typing.	enterococcus faecalis is part of the natural gut flora of humans and other mammals; some isolates are also used in food production. so, it is important to evaluate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among e. faecalis isolates from different sources. multilocus sequence typing protocol was used to compare 39 e. faecalis isolates from chinese traditional food products (including dairy products, acidic gruel) and 4 published e. faecalis isolates from other sources including human- ...	2015	26074239
rna-based assay demonstrated enterococcus faecalis metabolic activity after chemomechanical procedures.	because ribosomal rna (rrna) indicates metabolic cell activity, this study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of rrna-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) for the identification of active enterococcus faecalis in root canals samples compared with a method based on ribosomal dna (rdna) (rrna genes).	2015	26071099
surface-associated lipoproteins link enterococcus faecalis virulence to colitogenic activity in il-10-deficient mice independent of their expression levels.	the commensal enterococcus faecalis is among the most common causes of nosocomial infections. recent findings regarding increased abundance of enterococci in the intestinal microbiota of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and induction of colitis in il-10-deficient (il-10-/-) mice put a new perspective on the contribution of e. faecalis to chronic intestinal inflammation. based on the expression of virulence-related genes in the inflammatory milieu of il-10-/- mice using rna-sequencing an ...	2015	26067254
rampant parasexuality evolves in a hospital pathogen during antibiotic selection.	horizontal gene transfer threatens the therapeutic success of antibiotics by facilitating the rapid dissemination of resistance alleles among bacterial species. the conjugative mobile element tn916 provides an excellent context for examining the role of adaptive parasexuality as it carries the tetracycline-resistance allele tetm and has been identified in a wide range of pathogens. we have used a combination of experimental evolution and allelic frequency measurements to gain insights into the a ...	2015	26060280
purification and characterization of a cysteine-rich 14-kda antibacterial peptide from the granular hemocytes of mangrove crab episesarma tetragonum and its antibiofilm activity.	antimicrobial peptide (amp) crustin is a type of immune molecule present in the immune system of crustaceans and response against microbial invasion. in the present study, we have identified and characterized the cationic, amphipathic structure consisting of amp crustin from a mangrove crab episesarma tetragonum using cm sepharose-based cation exchange column chromatography. e. tetragonum crustin showed a single band of 14 kda on sds-page and the homogeneity showed retention time of 8.4 min in r ...	2015	26059067
construction of a chimeric lysin ply187n-v12c with extended lytic activity against staphylococci and streptococci.	developing chimeric lysins with a wide lytic spectrum would be important for treating some infections caused by multiple pathogenic bacteria. in the present work, a novel chimeric lysin (ply187n-v12c) was constructed by fusing the catalytic domain (ply187n) of the bacteriophage lysin ply187 with the cell binding domain (146-314aa, v12c) of the lysin plyv12. the results showed that the chimeric lysin ply187n-v12c had not only lytic activity similar to ply187n against staphylococcal strains but al ...	2015	25219798
recurrent linezolid-resistant enterococcus faecalis infection in a patient with pneumonia.	it has been reported that lzd-resistant enterococcus in the gastrointestinal tract of mice colonizes persistently and shows variable minimum inhibitor concentration (mic) values. however, the colonization characteristics of enterococcus with lzd resistance in patients remain elusive. here, we report the case of a patient with recurrent pneumonia due to infection with lzd-resistant enterococcus faecalis strains. the colonization characteristics of the strains isolated from this patient were analy ...	2015	25236388
ceftobiprole and ampicillin increase daptomycin susceptibility of daptomycin-susceptible and -resistant vre.	the synergistic combination of daptomycin plus ampicillin has proven to be effective against vre including daptomycin-non-susceptible strains. ceftobiprole is a cephalosporin with broad binding affinity for enterococcal pbp subtypes including pbp5. given the synergy between β-lactams and daptomycin against vre, it was of interest to determine whether ceftobiprole offered any synergistic advantage with daptomycin compared with ampicillin.	2015	25304643
oligomerization of esculin improves its antibacterial activity and modulates antibiotic resistance.	in this particular study, the antibacterial activity of esculin and oligomer fractions was assessed. mic values of esculin and its oligomer fractions as well as of some antibiotics against gram-positive and gram-negative strains and against escherichia coli multiresistant variants were determined by the standard broth microdilution method. both esculin and oligoesculin fractions exhibited antibacterial effect against reference strains; staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, salmonella ent ...	2015	25248728
transcriptomic response of enterococcus faecalis v583 to low hydrogen peroxide levels.	enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive commensal bacterium inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts of human and other mammals, but is also increasingly recognized as an opportunistic human pathogen. oxidative stress is one of the major challenges encountered by enterococci, both in their natural environment and during infection. in this paper, we evaluated the transcriptomic response of e. faecalis to oxidative stress, and showed that transcript abundance was reduced for 93 genes and increased ...	2015	25245959
distribution of human-specific bacteroidales and fecal indicator bacteria in an urban watershed impacted by sewage pollution, determined using rna- and dna-based quantitative pcr assays.	the identification of fecal pollution sources is commonly carried out using dna-based methods. however, there is evidence that dna can be associated with dead cells or present as "naked dna" in the environment. furthermore, it has been shown that rrna-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) assays can be more sensitive than rrna gene-based qpcr assays since metabolically active cells usually contain higher numbers of ribosomes than quiescent cells. to this end, we compared the ...	2015	25326295
oxidative stress enhances cephalosporin resistance of enterococcus faecalis through activation of a two-component signaling system.	enterococcus faecalis is a low-gc gram-positive bacterium, a normal resident of the gastrointestinal (gi) tract, and an important hospital-acquired pathogen. an important risk factor for hospital-acquired enterococcal infections is prior therapy with broad-spectrum cephalosporins, antibiotics that impair cell wall biosynthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan cross-linking. enterococci are intrinsically resistant to cephalosporins; however, environmental factors that modulate cephalosporin resistance ...	2015	25331701
baseline activity of telavancin against gram-positive clinical isolates responsible for documented infections in u.s. hospitals (2011-2012) as determined by the revised susceptibility testing method.	telavancin had mic50 and mic90 values of 0.03 and 0.06 μg/ml (100.0% susceptible), respectively, against methicillin-resistant and -susceptible staphylococcus aureus. telavancin was active against vancomycin-susceptible enterococcus faecalis (mic50/90, 0.12/0.12 μg/ml; 100% susceptible) and enterococcus faecium (mic50/90, 0.03/0.06 μg/ml), while higher mic values were obtained against vancomycin-resistant e. faecium (mic50/90, 1/2 μg/ml) and e. faecalis (mic50/90, >2/>2 μg/ml). streptococci show ...	2015	25348529
bacteriocin protein bacl1 of enterococcus faecalis targets cell division loci and specifically recognizes l-ala2-cross-bridged peptidoglycan.	bacteriocin 41 (bac41) is produced from clinical isolates of enterococcus faecalis and consists of two extracellular proteins, bacl1 and baca. we previously reported that bacl1 protein (595 amino acids, 64.5 kda) is a bacteriolytic peptidoglycan d-isoglutamyl-l-lysine endopeptidase that induces cell lysis of e. faecalis when an accessory factor, baca, is copresent. however, the target of bacl1 remains unknown. in this study, we investigated the targeting specificity of bacl1. fluorescence micros ...	2015	25368300
positively charged imidazolium-based ionic liquid-protected silver nanoparticles: a promising disinfectant in root canal treatment.	to synthesize and characterize silver nanoparticles (ag nps) with different surface charges in order to evaluate their cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity in the absence and presence of dentine compared with naocl and chx.	2015	25269666
activity of oritavancin against gram-positive clinical isolates responsible for documented skin and soft-tissue infections in european and us hospitals (2010-13).	to assess oritavancin activity in vitro against clinically relevant gram-positive pathogens causing skin and soft-tissue infections (sstis) in european and us hospitals.	2015	25362568
a liar deletion restores susceptibility to daptomycin and antimicrobial peptides in multidrug-resistant enterococcus faecalis.	daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic that is used clinically against many gram-positive bacterial pathogens and is considered a key frontline bactericidal antibiotic to treat multidrug-resistant enterococci. emergence of daptomycin resistance during therapy of serious enterococcal infections is a major clinical issue. in this work, we show that deletion of the gene encoding the response regulator, liar (a member of the liafsr system that controls cell envelope homeostasis), from daptomycin-res ...	2015	25362197
genomic annotation for the temperate phage efc-1, isolated from enterococcus faecalis kbl101.	the temperate phage efc-1 was newly isolated from a mitomycin-c-induced lysate of enterococcus faecalis kbl101. efc-1 has an isometric head and a long tail. the phage belongs to the family siphoviridae according to its genomic structure and morphology. the phage efc-1 has 40,286 base pairs of double-stranded dna and a g+c content of 35.05 %. bioinformatic analysis of the phage revealed 60 putative open reading frames (orfs). the genome of the temperate phage efc-1 was not significantly similar t ...	2015	25359106
enterococcus faecalis 6-phosphogluconolactonase is required for both commensal and pathogenic interactions with manduca sexta.	enterococcus faecalis is a commensal and pathogen of humans and insects. in manduca sexta, e. faecalis is an infrequent member of the commensal gut community, but its translocation to the hemocoel results in a commensal-to-pathogen switch. to investigate e. faecalis factors required for commensalism, we identified e. faecalis genes that are upregulated in the gut of m. sexta using recombinase-based in vivo expression technology (rivet). the rivet screen produced 113 clones, from which we identif ...	2015	25385794
the polyamine n-acetyltransferase-like enzyme pmve plays a role in the virulence of enterococcus faecalis.	we previously showed that the mutant strain of enterococcus faecalis lacking the transcriptional regulator slya is more virulent than the parental strain. we hypothesized that this phenotype was due to overexpression of the second gene of the slya operon, ef_3001, renamed pmve (for polyamine metabolism and virulence of e. faecalis). pmve shares strong homologies with n(1)-spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase enzymes involved in the metabolism of polyamines. in this study, we used an e. faecalis ...	2015	25385793
the two-component system grvrs (etars) regulates ace expression in enterococcus faecalis og1rf.	expression of ace (adhesin to collagen of enterococcus faecalis), encoding a virulence factor in endocarditis and urinary tract infection models, has been shown to increase under certain conditions, such as in the presence of serum, bile salts, urine, and collagen and at 46 °c. however, the mechanism of ace/ace regulation under different conditions is still unknown. in this study, we identified a two-component regulatory system grvrs as the main regulator of ace expression under these stress con ...	2015	25385790
an in vivo comparison of internal bacterial colonization in two dental implant systems: identification of a pathogenic reservoir.	the aim of this study was to compare internal bacterial colonization in two implant systems, one screw root form (srf) with an external hexagon connection and one plateau root form (prf) with a morse taper internal connection.	2015	25385682
estimation of cultivable bacterial diversity in the cloacae and pharynx in eurasian griffon vultures (gyps fulvus).	in this work, we describe the biodiversity of cloacal and pharynx culture-based bacteria (commensal and pathogenic), in 75 eurasian griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) from two geographic areas. we address the question of whether the cultivable microbiota of vultures is organised into assemblages occurring by chance. in addition, we assess bacterial diversity in both anatomic regions and geographic areas. bacterial diversity was represented by 26 gram-negative and 20 gram-positive genera. the most co ...	2015	25388757
photoactivation of curcumin and sodium hypochlorite to enhance antibiofilm efficacy in root canal dentin.	to test the effect of ultrasonic or light activated curcumin and sodium hypochlorite against enterococcus faecalis biofilms in vitro.	2015	25462576
definitive structural assessment of enterococcal diheteroglycan.	enterococcus faecalis is one of most important nosocomial and often multi-antibiotic resistant pathogens responsible for infections that are difficult to treat. previously, a cell-wall polysaccharide termed diheteroglycan (dhg) was isolated and characterized as a promising vaccine candidate. however, the configuration of its lactic acid (la) residue attached to the galactofuranoside unit was not assessed, although it influences conformation of dhg chain in terms of biological recognition and imm ...	2015	25421964
role of secondary metabolites in establishment of the mutualistic partnership between xenorhabdus nematophila and the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema carpocapsae.	xenorhabdus nematophila engages in a mutualistic partnership with the nematode steinernema carpocapsae, which invades insects, migrates through the gut, and penetrates into the hemocoel (body cavity). we showed previously that during invasion of manduca sexta, the gut microbe staphylococcus saprophyticus appeared transiently in the hemocoel, while enterococcus faecalis proliferated as x. nematophila became dominant. x. nematophila produces diverse secondary metabolites, including the major water ...	2015	25398871
in vitro and in vivo activity of hyperimmune globulin preparations against multiresistant nosocomial pathogens.	we compared different immunoglobulin preparations containing igg (intraglobin/intratect) or a mixture of igg, iga, and igm (pentaglobin) to assess the opsonic and protective efficacy of human immunoglobulin preparations against multiresistent nosocomial pathogens.	2015	25428225
enterococcus faecalis pcf10-encoded surface proteins prga, prgb (aggregation substance) and prgc contribute to plasmid transfer, biofilm formation and virulence.	enterococcus faecalis pcf10 transfers at high frequencies upon pheromone induction of the prgq transfer operon. this operon codes for three cell wall-anchored proteins - prga, prgb (aggregation substance) and prgc - and a type iv secretion system through which the plasmid is delivered to recipient cells. here, we defined the contributions of the prg surface proteins to plasmid transfer, biofilm formation and virulence using the caenorhabditis elegans infection model. we report that a combination ...	2015	25431047
antimicrobial bioassay-guided fractionation of a methanol extract of eupatorium triplinerve.	eupatorium triplinerve vahl (asteraceae), popularly known as japana, is widely used in folk medicine, due its analgesic, anticoagulant, antianorexic, antiparasitic, anthelmintic, sedative, antifungal, and antibacterial properties.	2015	25430540
the question of pathogen quantification in disinfected graywater.	graywater (gw) reuse for irrigation is recognized as a sustainable solution for water conservation. one of the major impediments to gw reuse is the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. this study monitored three similar on-site gw treatment systems bi-monthly over the course of a year to compare the presence of pathogens and indicators in raw, biologically treated, and biologically treated and disinfected [by chlorine and ultraviolet light (uv)] gw. the systems were designed to allow the testi ...	2015	25437766
atomic force microscopy visualization of injuries in enterococcus faecalis surface caused by er,cr:ysgg and diode lasers.	to visualize by atomic force microscopy the alterations induced on enterococcus. faecalis surface after treatment with 2 types of laser: erbium chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (er,cr:ysgg) laser and diode laser.	2015	25475770
the influence of the wooden equipment employed for cheese manufacture on the characteristics of a traditional stretched cheese during ripening.	the influence of the wooden equipment used for the traditional cheese manufacturing from raw milk was evaluated on the variations of chemico-physical characteristics and microbial populations during the ripening of caciocavallo palermitano cheese. milk from two farms (a, extensive; b, intensive) was processed in traditional and standard conditions. chemical and physical traits of cheeses were affected by the farming system and the cheese making technology, and changed during ripening. content in ...	2015	25475270
removal of total and antibiotic resistant bacteria in advanced wastewater treatment by ozonation in combination with different filtering techniques.	elimination of bacteria by ozonation in combination with charcoal or slow sand filtration for advanced sewage treatment to improve the quality of treated sewage and to reduce the potential risk for human health of receiving surface waters was investigated in pilot scale at the sewage treatment plant eriskirch, baden-wuerttemberg/germany. to determine the elimination of sewage bacteria, inflowing and leaving wastewater of different treatment processes was analysed in a culture-based approach for ...	2015	25497174
transfer of tetracycline resistance genes with aggregation substance in food-borne enterococcus faecalis.	enterococcus faecalis has the ability to conjugate with the aid of aggregation substance (as) and inducible sex pheromones to exchange genetic elements in food matrix. to evaluate the food safety condition and the transferable factor, 250 tetracycline-resistant food-borne e. faecalis were collected in korea. among the isolates, a majority of tetracycline-resistant isolates (49.6 %) harbored both the tet(m) and tet(l) genes together, followed by tet(m) (19.6 %), and tet(l) (6.8 %) alone. also, we ...	2015	25487115
outcome of aortic valve replacement for active infective endocarditis in patients on chronic hemodialysis.	the high risk of morbidity and mortality for patients on hemodialysis who are undergoing cardiac surgery is increased for those with active infective endocarditis (aie). this retrospective observational single-center study evaluated the impact of chronic hemodialysis on the outcome of aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic aie.	2015	25483000
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using ethanolic petals extract of rosa indica and characterization of its antibacterial, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities.	the present study was aimed at biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) using ethanolic extract of rose (rosa indica) petals and testing their potential antibacterial activity using selective human pathogenic microbes, anticancer activity using human colon adenocarcinoma cancer cell line hct 15 as well as anti-inflammatory activity using rat peritoneal macrophages in vitro. the biologically synthesized agnps were also characterized by uv-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (se ...	2015	25481491
the use of the replication region of plasmid prs7 from oenococcus oeni as a putative tool to generate cloning vectors for lactic acid bacteria.	a chimeric plasmid, prs7rep (6.1 kb), was constructed using the replication region of prs7, a large plasmid from oenococcus oeni, and pem64, a plasmid derived from pij2925 and containing a gene for resistance to chloramphenicol. prs7rep is a shuttle vector that replicates in escherichia coli using its pij2925 component and in lactic acid bacteria (lab) using the replication region of prs7. high levels of transformants per µg of dna were obtained by electroporation of prs7rep into pediococcus aci ...	2015	25479060
photodynamic therapy in root canals contaminated with enterococcus faecalis using curcumin as photosensitizer.	the aim of the study was to evaluate the photodynamic therapy (pdt) effect on root canals contaminated with enterococcus faecalis using a light emitting diode (led) light and a curcumin solution (cur) as photosensitizer (ps). eighty root canals from uniradicular human teeth were prepared with protaper universal rotary system and contaminated with e. faecalis for 21 days. they were divided as: gia-pdt (cur, pre-irradiation for 5 + 5 min of irradiation); gib-pdt (cur, pre-irradiation for 5 + 10 mi ...	2015	25502831
different vana elements in e. faecalis and in e. faecium suggest at least two origins of tn1546 among vre in a brazilian hospital.	in 2009 during surveillance in a brazilian hospital, many patients were confirmed to be colonized by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) and a few infection cases occurred. among 14 isolates of enterococcus faecalis, most had the same pulsotype, virulence profile (agg(+)elra(+)gele(+)), and were sequence type (st)103, indicating dissemination of a clone. the 47 enterococcus faecium were separated into four pulsotypes, the predominant virulence profile being esp(+)acm(+). all of them harbored ...	2015	25588068
antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine, peracetic acid and sodium hypochlorite/etidronate irrigant solutions against enterococcus faecalis biofilms.	to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite alone (naocl) and associated with 9% hebp (naocl/hebp), 2% peracetic acid (paa) and 2% chlorhexidine (chx), on the viability of enterococcus faecalis biofilms attached to dentine.	2015	25515403
effects of the probiotic enterococcus faecium ncimb 10415 on selected lactic acid bacteria and enterobacteria in co-culture.	enterococcus faecium ncimb 10415 is used as a probiotic for piglets and has been shown to modify the porcine intestinal microbiota. however, the mode of action of this probiotic modification is still unclear. one possible explanation is the direct growth inhibiting or stimulating effect of the probiotic on other indigenous bacteria. therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the growth interactions of the probiotic with different indigenous porcine bacteria in vitro. reference strain ...	2015	25519527
the catastrophic journey of a retained temporary epicardial pacemaker wire leading to enterococcus faecalis endocarditis and subsequent stroke.	a 52-year-old man underwent triple coronary artery bypass graft (cabg). three months later, he presented to the emergency room with dizziness and left-sided weakness. workup revealed right frontal parenchymal haemorrhage; also, two retained temporary epicardial pacemaker wires (tepw) from his previous cabg were observed, one of which had significantly migrated. one wire was found in the soft tissues below the heart; the other transversed the mediastinum from the expected location of the right at ...	2015	25568268
tyramine biosynthesis is transcriptionally induced at low ph and improves the fitness of enterococcus faecalis in acidic environments.	enterococcus faecalis is a commensal bacterium of the human gut that requires the ability to pass through the stomach and therefore cope with low ph. e. faecalis has also been identified as one of the major tyramine producers in fermented food products, where they also encounter acidic environments. in the present work, we have constructed a non-tyramine-producing mutant to study the role of the tyramine biosynthetic pathway, which converts tyrosine to tyramine via amino acid decarboxylation. wi ...	2015	25529314
using a genome-scale metabolic model of enterococcus faecalis v583 to assess amino acid uptake and its impact on central metabolism.	increasing antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria necessitates the development of new medication strategies. interfering with the metabolic network of the pathogen can provide novel drug targets but simultaneously requires a deeper and more detailed organism-specific understanding of the metabolism, which is often surprisingly sparse. in light of this, we reconstructed a genome-scale metabolic model of the pathogen enterococcus faecalis v583. the manually curated metabolic network comprise ...	2015	25527553
effects of epigallocatechin gallate against enterococcus faecalis biofilm and virulence.	epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea (camellia sinesis) has been shown to exert antimicrobial effects on numerous bacterial pathogens. however its efficacy against enterococcus faecalis biofilm, which is associated with persistent root canal infection is unknown. the aims of this study were to investigate the effects of egcg against e. faecalis biofilm and virulence.	2015	25526623
antimicrobial activity of prodigiosin isolated from serratia marcescens ufpeda 398.	prodigiosin is an alkaloid and natural red pigment produced by serratia marcescens. prodigiosin has antimicrobial, antimalarial and antitumor properties and induces apoptosis in t and b lymphocytes. these properties have piqued the interest of researchers in the fields of medicine, pharmaceutics and different industries. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of prodigiosin against pathogenic micro-organisms. the red pigments produced by s. marcescens exhibited a ...	2015	25549906
bactericidal efficacy of cold plasma at different depths of infected root canals in vitro.	cold plasma (cp) has been shown to be effective even against multiresistant microorganisms. as previous investigations on the effect of cp in root canals showed promising results, the aim of the present study was to analyze the bactericidal efficacy of cp in different depths of infected dentin.	2015	26962378
detection of listeria monocytogenes with short peptide fragments from class iia bacteriocins as recognition elements.	we employed a direct peptide-bacteria binding assay to screen peptide fragments for high and specific binding to listeria monocytogenes. peptides were screened from a peptide array library synthesized on cellulose membrane. twenty four peptide fragments (each a 14-mer) were derived from three potent anti-listerial peptides, leucocin a, pediocin pa1, and curvacin a, that belong to class iia bacteriocins. fragment leu10 (geafsagvhrlang), derived from the c-terminal region of leucocin a, displayed ...	2015	25548942
population biology of intestinal enterococcus isolates from hospitalized and nonhospitalized individuals in different age groups.	the diversity of enterococcal populations from fecal samples from hospitalized (n = 133) and nonhospitalized individuals (n = 173) of different age groups (group i, ages 0 to 19 years; group ii, ages 20 to 59 years; group iii, ages ≥60 years) was analyzed. enterococci were recovered at similar rates from hospitalized and nonhospitalized persons (77.44% to 79.77%) of all age groups (75.0% to 82.61%). enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium were predominant, although seven other enterococcu ...	2015	25548052
characterisation of the efficacy of endodontic medications using a three-dimensional fluorescent tooth model: an ex vivo study.	the purpose of this study was to establish a three-dimensional fluorescent tooth model to investigate bacterial viability against intra-canal medicaments across the thickness and surface of root dentine. dental microbial biofilms (enterococcus faecalis and streptococcus mutans) were established on the external root surface and bacterial kill was monitored over time against intra-canal medicament (ca(oh)2 ) using fluorescent microscopy in conjunction with baclight syto9 and propidium iodide stain ...	2015	25583457