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lactococcus lactis bfe920 activates the innate immune system of olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus), resulting in protection against streptococcus iniae infection and enhancing feed efficiency and weight gain in large-scale field studies.the protective effect of a food-grade lactic acid bacterium lactococcus lactis bfe920 against disease of olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) cultivated on a large scale was studied. initially, antimicrobial activity of l. lactis against several fish pathogens was evaluated in vitro; the probiotic showed strong antibacterial activity against streptococcus iniae, streptococcus parauberis and enterococcus viikkiensis, and moderate activity against lactococcus garviae. when olive flounders were ...201324041843
molecular identification and expression analysis of the cc chemokine gene in rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) and the biological activity of the recombinant protein.we identified the cc chemokine cdna designated as rbcc1 (cc chemokine 1 in rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus), which was isolated using expressed sequence tag (est) analysis of a lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated rock bream liver cdna library. the full-length rbcc1 cdna (850 bp) contained an open reading frame (orf) of 366 bp encoding 122 amino acids. results from our phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the rbcc1 was closest relationship to the orange-spotted grouper and mi-iyu croaker cc ...201323357024
attempt to develop live attenuated bacterial vaccines by selecting resistance to gossypol, proflavine hemisulfate, novobiocin, or ciprofloxacin.in an attempt to develop attenuated bacteria as potential live vaccines, four chemicals (gossypol, proflavine hemisulfate, novobiocin, and ciprofloxacin) were used to modify the following four genera of bacteria through chemical-resistance strategy: (1) aeromonas hydrophila (9 isolates); (2) edwardsiella tarda (9 isolates); (3) streptococcus iniae (9 isolates); and (4) s. agalactiae (11 isolates). all bacteria used in this study were able to develop high resistance to gossypol. however, only som ...201323499519
genomic characterization and expression analysis of complement component 8α and 8β in rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus).the complement component 8α and 8β are glycoproteins that mediate formation of the membrane attack complex (mac) on the surface of target cells. full-length complement c8α (rb-c8α) and c8β (rb-c8β) sequences were identified from a cdna library of rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus), and their genomic sequences were obtained by screening and sequencing of a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) genomic dna library of rock bream. the rb-c8α gene contains 64bp of 5'-utr, open reading frame (orf) of ...201323059376
three complement component 1q genes from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus: genome characterization and potential role in immune response against bacterial and viral infections.complement component 1q (c1q) is a subcomponent of the c1 complex and the key protein that recognizes and binds to a broad range of immune and non-immune ligands to initiate the classical complement pathway. in the present study, we identified and characterized three novel c1q family members from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus. the full-length cdnas of c1q a-like (rbc1qal), c1q b-like (rbc1qbl), and c1q c-like (rbc1qcl) consist of 780, 720 and 726 bp of nucleotide sequence encoding polypeptid ...201323994081
a teleostean counterpart of ferritin m subunit from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus): an active constituent in iron chelation and dna protection against oxidative damage, with a modulated expression upon pathogen stress.ferritins are biological iron chelators that can sequestrate excess iron to maintain iron homeostasis in the body. ferritins basically consist of 2 types of subunits, designated as h and l. however, another new subunit, ferritin "m" which possesses characteristic features of both the h and l subunits, was recently identified in lower vertebrates, mostly in fish. in this study, a ferritin m-like subunit from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) (rbferm) was characterized at the molecular level, and ...201323978565
genomic characterization, expression analysis, and antimicrobial function of a glyrichin homologue from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus.antimicrobial peptides are important innate effector molecules, playing a vital role in antimicrobial immunity in all species. glyrichin is a transmembrane protein and an antibacterial peptide, exerting its functions against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria. in this study, cdna and a bac clone harboring the glyrichin gene were identified from rock bream and characterized. genomic characterization showed that the ofglyrichin gene exhibited a 3 exon-2 intron structure. ofglyrichin is a 79-amino ...201323968692
molecular cloning and expression analysis of interleukin (il)-15 and il-15 receptor α from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus.mammalian interleukin (il)-15 plays an important role in the activation of cd8(+) t cells and natural killer (nk) cells along with its receptor α (il-15rα). to understand the potential roles of il-15 and il-15rα in fish, we identified il-15 and il-15rα cdna from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) and investigated their gene expression profiles after bacterial and viral infection. coding regions of rock bream (rb) il-15 and rbil-15rα cdnas were 534 and 402 bp encoding 177 and 133 amino acid resid ...201323911652
molecular characterisation and expression analysis of the cathepsin h gene from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus).cathepsins are lysosomal cysteine proteases belonging to the papain family, whose members play important roles in normal metabolism for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) cathepsin h (rbctsh) cdnas were identified by expressed sequence tag analysis of a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rock bream liver cdna library. the full-length rbctsh cdna (1326 bp) contained an open reading frame of 978 bp encoding 325 amino acids. the presence of an erfnin-like motif w ...201323629026
genomic characterization and transcriptional evidence for the involvement of complement component 7 in immune response of rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus).the complement component 7 (c7) is the central mediator of pathogenic attack at the membrane surface and its binding to the c5b-7 complex triggers cytolytic signaling. in this study, c7 of rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) was identified (rb-c7) and characterized at the genomic level. the rb-c7 gene contains 18 exons and 17 introns and is composed of a 2490 bp complete open reading frame (orf). the encoded polypeptide (830 amino acids) contains a number of well-conserved c7 signature domains. i ...201323603298
molecular characterisation and biological activity of a novel cxc chemokine gene in rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus).chemokines are chemoattractant cytokines defined by the presence of four conserved cysteine residues. in mammals, these cytokines can be divided into four subfamilies depending on the arrangement of the first two conserved cysteines in the sequence, and include the cxc(α), cc(β), c(γ), and cx3c(δ) classes. we identified cxc chemokine cdna, designated rbcxc, isolated using expressed sequence tag analysis of a lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated rock bream liver cdna library. the full-length rbcxc ...201323376472
first molecular cloning and gene expression analysis of a teleost cd200 (ox-2) glycoprotein from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus.cd200 plays an important role in delivering an immunoregulatory signal to the immune system through interaction with its receptor. however, cd200 has not been characterized and its function in teleosts is unknown. in this study, the rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) cd200 gene (rbcd200) was cloned and its expression profile was analyzed after infection with edwardsiella tarda, streptococcus iniae or red seabream iridovirus (rsiv). the coding region of rbcd200 cdna was 855 bp, encoding 284 amino ...201323128045
cd4 and cd8 homologues in japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus: differences in the expressions and localizations of cd4-1, cd4-2, cd8α and cd8β.cd4 and cd8 molecules are co-receptors of t cell receptors which interact specifically with mhc class ii and i, respectively, during antigen presentation. here we investigated cd4 and cd8 expression patterns in a fish, japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus in response to infection and tuberculin injection. the cd4-1 mrna level was gradually and weakly increased in trunk kidney after infection with streptococcus iniae, edwardsiella tarda and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv), while th ...201323089138
bacterial infections from aquatic species: potential for and prevention of contact zoonoses.as aquaculture production and the consumption of aquaculture products increase, the possibility of contracting zoonotic infections from either handling or ingesting these products also increases. the principal pathogens acquired topically from fish or shellfish through spine/pincer puncture or open wounds are aeromonas hydrophila, edwardsiella tarda, mycobacterium marinum, streptococcus iniae, vibrio vulnificus and v. damsela. these pathogens, which are all indigenous to the aquatic environment, ...201324547653
purification and antimicrobial function of ubiquitin isolated from the gill of pacific oyster, crassostrea gigas.an antimicrobial polypeptide was purified from an acidified gill extract of pacific oyster (crassostrea gigas) by c(18) reversed-phase hplc. the purified polypeptide had a molecular weight of 8471da containing 74 amino acid residues. comparison of the obtained n-terminal sequences with those of others revealed that it was identical to ubiquitin reported from other species and named cgubiquitin. cgubiquitin showed broad potent antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria in ...201322858580
the conserved surface m-protein sima of streptococcus iniae is not effective as a cross-protective vaccine against differing capsular serotypes in farmed fish.streptococcus iniae causes invasive infections in fresh and saltwater fish and occasional zoonoses. vaccination against s. iniae is complicated by serotypic variation determined by capsular polysaccharide. a potential target for serologically cross-protective vaccines is the m-like protein sima, an essential virulence factor in s. iniae that is highly conserved amongst virulent strains. the present study determined how sima is regulated and investigated potential as a cross-protective vaccine fo ...201322989514
interacting effects of water temperature and dietary protein level on hematological parameters in nile tilapia juveniles, oreochromis niloticus (l.) and mortality under streptococcus iniae infection.based on central composite rotatable experimental design and response surface method, the interacting effects of temperature (20 °c-34 °c) and dietary protein level (25%-50%) on hematological parameters including red blood cell (rbc), white blood cell (wbc) and hemoglobin (hb) of juvenile oreochromis niloticus were studied under laboratory conditions. the experiment lasted for 7 weeks. after the feeding trial, fish were challenged with streptococcus iniae and mortality was recorded for within 8 ...201323041506
heat shock modulates neutrophil motility in zebrafish.heat shock is a routine method used for inducible gene expression in animal models including zebrafish. environmental temperature plays an important role in the immune system and infection progression of ectotherms. in this study, we analyzed the impact of short-term heat shock on neutrophil function using zebrafish (danio rerio) as an animal model. short-term heat shock decreased neutrophil recruitment to localized streptococcus iniae infection and tail fin wounding. heat shock also increased r ...201324367659
sage induces highly effective protective immunity against streptococcus iniae mainly through an immunogenic domain in the extracellular region.streptococcus iniae is a gram-positive bacterium and a severe pathogen of a wide range of farmed fish. s. iniae possesses a virulence-associated streptolysin s cluster composed of several components, one of which is sage. sage a transmembrane protein with one major extracellular region named ecr. this study aimed to develop a sage-based dna candidate vaccine against streptococcosis and examine the immunoprotective mechanism of the vaccine.201324215645
draft genome sequence of beta-hemolytic streptococcus iniae kctc 11634.streptococcus iniae is a beta-hemolytic, gram-positive coccus, which affects a broad range of freshwater and marine fish species, causing substantial economic losses in the aquaculture industry worldwide. thus, it is very important to derive a complete genome sequence of the bacterium to aid in the development of vaccines and methods for preventing fish streptococcosis and zoonotic infections in humans. here, we present the draft genome sequence of s. iniae kctc 11634 (1,955,615 bp, with a g+c c ...201324201192
a novel iron transporter in streptococcus iniae.streptococcus iniae is a major pathogen that results in considerable economic loss to fish farms. restricted availability of iron is a huge obstacle to survival for pathogenic bacteria during infection, and iron acquisition is important in bacterial virulence. in this study, s. iniae hd-1 was shown not to produce siderophores (low-molecular-weight compounds) but rather to require iron-containing proteins for growth under iron-restricted conditions. the adenosine triphosphate (atp)-binding-casset ...201324102320
echium oil is better than rapeseed oil in improving the response of barramundi to a disease challenge.pathogen infection stimulates the fatty acid (fa) metabolism and the production of pro-inflammatory derivatives of fa. barramundi, lates calcarifer, was fed on a diet rich in preformed long-chain (⩾c20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (lc-pufa) from fish oil (fo), to compare with diets containing high levels of c18 precursors for lc-pufa - stearidonic (sda) and γ-linolenic acid (gla) - from echium plantagineum (eo), or rapeseed oil (ro) rich in α-linolenic acid (ala), but a poor source of lc-pufa an ...201323790934
fitness cost, gyrb mutation, and absence of phosphotransferase system fructose specific iiabc component in novobiocin-resistant streptococcus iniae vaccine strain isno.to understand the fitness cost of novobiocin-resistance in an attenuated streptococcus iniae vaccine strain isno compared to its virulent parent strain iset0901, cell proliferation rate of the two strains were compared to each other. our results revealed that the cell proliferation rates of isno were significantly (p<0.05) smaller than that of iset0901. to understand whether there was any mutation at the target site of novobiocin, dna gyrase subunit b (gyrb) was sequenced from both strains. sequ ...201323623616
whole-genome sequence of the fish virulent strain streptococcus iniae iusa-1, isolated from gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata) and red porgy (pagrus pagrus).streptococcus iniae is a major fish pathogen that produces invasive infections that result in economic losses in aquaculture. in this study, the draft genome sequence of streptococcus iniae strain iusa-1, isolated from a natural outbreak affecting gilthead sea bream (sparus aurata) and red porgy (pagrus pagrus), is presented.201323516181
identification of multiple genes and their expression profiles in four strains of oreochromis spp. in response to streptococcus iniae.two subtractive complementary dna libraries were constructed from nile tilapia oreochromis niloticus vaccinated with formalin-killed streptococcus iniae cells, and a further two constructed from o. niloticus infected with s. iniae. of the 68 distinct expressed sequence tag (est) contigs and singletons, 45 and 13 est shared high similarities with genes of known and unknown functions, respectively. ten est contigs and singletons had no significant similarity to any sequences. five putative immune- ...201323398064
establishment of a model of streptococcus iniae meningoencephalitis in nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus).streptococcus iniae is an invasive pathogen causing meningitis and other lesions in various fish species. furthermore, s. iniae is an emerging zoonotic agent that causes cellulitis in man. the aims of this study were to establish an intraperitoneal infection model for s. iniae in nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) and to develop a new histopathological scoring system to reflect the degree and extent of inflammation as well as the presence of necrosis in the brain and eye. intraperitoneal admin ...201323218409
innate immune response to streptococcus iniae infection in zebrafish larvae.streptococcus iniae causes systemic infection characterized by meningitis and sepsis. here, we report a larval zebrafish model of s. iniae infection. injection of wild-type s. iniae into the otic vesicle induced a lethal infection by 24 h postinfection. in contrast, an s. iniae mutant deficient in polysaccharide capsule (cpsa mutant) was not lethal, with greater than 90% survival at 24 h postinfection. live imaging demonstrated that both neutrophils and macrophages were recruited to localized ot ...201323090960
fatal septicemia caused by the zoonotic bacterium streptococcus iniae during an outbreak in caribbean reef fish.an outbreak of streptococcus iniae occurred in the early months of 2008 among wild reef fish in the waters of the federation of st kitts and nevis, lasting almost 2 months. moribund and dead fish were collected for gross, histological, bacteriological, and molecular analysis. necropsy findings included diffuse fibrinous pericarditis, pale friable livers, and serosal petechiation. cytological and histological analysis revealed granulocytic and granulomatous inflammation with abundant coccoid bact ...201424078005
a c1 inhibitor ortholog from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus): molecular perspectives of a central regulator in terms of its genomic arrangement, transcriptional profiles and anti-protease activities of recombinant peptide.c1 inhibitor (c1inh), a member of serpin superfamily, is a crucial regulator of the activation of various plasmatic cascades associated with immunity and inflammation. this study describes the identification and characterization of a c1inh gene from rock bream oplegnathus fasciatus (ofc1inh) at structural, expressional and functional levels. the cdna-(2245bp) and corresponding gdna-sequences (5.2kbp) of ofc1inh were isolated from rock bream transcriptome- and bac-libraries, respectively. predict ...201424056051
pharmacokinetics and residue depletion of erythromycin in gilthead sea bream sparus aurata l. after oral administration.erythromycin (ery) is an antibiotic effective against streptococcus iniae, a microorganism responsible for significant losses in aquaculture. no data are available on the pharmacokinetics and residue depletion of ery in sea bream. the aim of this study was thus to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of ery in this species after a single oral administration at 75 mg kg(-1) b.w. and to assess its residue depletion from tissues after prolonged treatment for 10 days. ery was rapidly absorbed in sea bream ...201423992037
complete genome sequence of a virulent strain, streptococcus iniae iset0901, isolated from diseased tilapia.streptococcus iniae iset0901 is a virulent strain isolated in 2007 from diseased tilapia. its full genome is 2,070,856 bp. the availability of this genome will allow comparative genomics to identify virulence genes important for the pathogenesis of streptococcosis caused by s. iniae, as well as possible immunogens for vaccine development.201424903878
combined effects of iranian heavy crude oil and bacterial challenge (streptococcus iniae) on biotransformation and innate immune responses in rockfish (sebastes schlegeli).to clarify the effects of spilled crude oil on fish bacterial disease resistance, rockfish (sebastes schlegeli) were exposed to iranian heavy crude oil (ihco) and streptomyces iniae in combination. hepatic biotransformation enzymes (ethoxyresorufin o-de-ethylase, glutathione-s-transferase) and plasma biochemical parameters (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and glucose) in fish exposed to ihco were not significantly different from those in unexposed fish. the level ...201424898800
complete genome sequence of the attenuated novobiocin-resistant streptococcus iniae vaccine strain isno.streptococcus iniae isno is an attenuated novobiocin-resistant vaccine strain. its full genome is 2,070,182 bp in length. the availability of this genome will allow comparative genomics to identify potential virulence genes important for pathogenesis of s. iniae and potential mechanisms associated with novobiocin resistance in this strain.201424874684
immunological enhancement action of endotoxin-free tilapia heat shock protein 70 against streptococcus iniae.the immunological effects of heat shock proteins (hsps) had been found in humans and mice, but scarce data of endotoxin-free hsp70 were reported in tilapia. in the current study, we reported that thsp70 alone and antigen-thsp70 compound increased the proliferations of lymphocytes and macrophages, significantly increased the no release and phagocytotic ability of macrophages (p<0.05), and enhanced the levels of immune-related genes in lymphocytes and macrophages in a dose- and/or time-dependent m ...201424857863
recombinant thioredoxin 1 protein: the immune-adjuvant effect of streptococcus iniae and its safety in rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus.adjuvant is an immune enhancer commonly used during vaccination to enhance the host immune response. in the present study, we analysed the recombinant protein produced from rock bream thioredoxin 1 cdna (rrbtrx1). to verify the immune-stimulatory effect of this recombinant protein, changes in the expression level of several genes were investigated using the cdna microarray chips in rock bream peripheral blood leukocytes stimulated with rrbtrx1. furthermore, the immune responses of rock bream to ...201424830770
streptococcus iniae sf1: complete genome sequence, proteomic profile, and immunoprotective antigens.streptococcus iniae is a gram-positive bacterium that is reckoned one of the most severe aquaculture pathogens. it has a broad host range among farmed marine and freshwater fish and can also cause zoonotic infection in humans. here we report for the first time the complete genome sequence as well as the host factor-induced proteomic profile of a pathogenic s. iniae strain, sf1, a serotype i isolate from diseased fish. sf1 possesses a single chromosome of 2,149,844 base pairs, which contains 2,12 ...201424621602
genomic identification and molecular characterization of a non-mammalian tnfaip8l2 gene from oplegnathus fasciatus.tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (tnfaip8l2) is a newly described negative immune regulator, whose enigmatic biological functions are not clearly understood. in the present study, the tnfaip8l2 homolog of rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) was identified and characterized. the genomic composition of rock bream tnfaip8l2 (~6.7 kb) represented a tripartite arrangement in which three exons are interrupted by two introns. the rock bream tnfaip8l2 transcript (1974 bp) possessed a ...201424583177
phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity among streptococcus iniae isolates recovered from cultured and wild fish in north america, central america and the caribbean islands.streptococcus iniae, the etiological agent of streptococcosis in fish, is an important pathogen of cultured and wild fish worldwide. during the last decade outbreaks of streptococcosis have occurred in a wide range of cultured and wild fish in the americas and caribbean islands. to gain a better understanding of the epizootiology of s. iniae in the western hemisphere, over 30 s. iniae isolates recovered from different fish species and geographic locations were characterized phenotypically and ge ...201425360536
effects of phosphoglucomutase gene (pgm) in streptococcus parauberis on innate immune response and pathogenicity of olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus).in recent years, streptococcus parauberis infection has been an emerging problem in aquaculture in south korea because of its more frequent isolation than other streptococcal bacteria including streptococcus iniae. to develop effective treatment and prophylaxis methods against this emerging disease by s. parauberis, it is necessary to understand the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. to uncover the pathogenicity, the mutant strain of s. parauberis with a deleted phosphoglucomutase (pgm) gene whic ...201425240979
efficacy of a formalin-inactivated vaccine against streptococcus iniae infection in the farmed grouper epinephelus coioides by intraperitoneal immunization.vaccination is the most effective means of preventing infectious diseases; however, few vaccines are effective against streptococcus iniae (s. iniae) in grouper. this work presents an efficacious and safe vaccine against s. iniae infections in the grouper epinephelus coioides. the vaccine candidate was the s. iniae gsi-310 strain. the vaccination was administered by intraperitoneal injection, and consisted of formalin-inactivated antigens combined with an as-f or isa763a adjuvant. peripheral blo ...201425192808
differential expression and ligand binding indicate alternative functions for zebrafish polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pigr) and a family of pigr-like (pigrl) proteins.the polymeric immunoglobulin (ig) receptor (pigr) is an integral transmembrane glycoprotein that plays an important role in the mammalian immune response by transporting soluble polymeric igs across mucosal epithelial cells. single pigr genes, which are expressed in lymphoid organs including mucosal tissues, have been identified in several teleost species. a single pigr gene has been identified on zebrafish chromosome 2 along with a large multigene family consisting of 29 pigr-like (pigrl) genes ...201424469064
antimicrobial function of the gapdh-related antimicrobial peptide in the skin of skipjack tuna, katsuwonus pelamis.a 3.4 kda of antimicrobial peptide was purified from an acidified skin extract of skipjack tuna, katsuwonus pelamis, by preparative acid-urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and c18 reversed-phase hplc. a comparison of the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified peptide with that of other known polypeptides revealed high sequence homology with the yfgap (yellowfin tuna glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-related antimicrobial peptide); thus, this peptide was identified as the skip ...201424412436
antimicrobial function of shβap, a novel hemoglobin β chain-related antimicrobial peptide, isolated from the liver of skipjack tuna, katsuwonus pelamis.a 2.3 kda of antimicrobial peptide was purified from an acidified liver extract of skipjack tuna, katsuwonus pelamis, by preparative acid-urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and c18 reversed-phase hplc. a comparison of the amino acid sequence of the purified peptide with those of other known polypeptides revealed high homology with the c-terminus of hemoglobin β-chain; thus, this peptide was designated as the skipjack hemoglobin β chain-related antimicrobial peptide (shβap). shβap showed pot ...201424495783
sil: a streptococcus iniae bacteriocin with dual role as an antimicrobial and an immunomodulator that inhibits innate immune response and promotes s. iniae infection.streptococcus iniae is a gram-positive bacterium and a severe pathogen to a wide range of economically important fish species. in addition, s. iniae is also a zoonotic pathogen and can cause serious infections in humans. in this study, we identified from a pathogenic s. iniae strain a putative bacteriocin, sil, and examined its biological activity. sil is composed of 101 amino acid residues and shares 35.6% overall sequence identity with the lactococcin 972 of lactococcus lactis. immunoblot anal ...201424781647
[new insight into bacterial zoonotic pathogens posing health hazards to humans].this article presents the problem of evolutionary changes of zoonotic pathogens responsible for human diseases. everyone is exposed to the risk of zoonotic infection, particularly employees having direct contact with animals, i.e. veterinarians, breeders, butchers and workers of animal products' processing industry. the article focuses on pathogens monitored by the european centre for disease prevention and control (ecdc), which has been collecting statistical data on zoonoses from all european ...201425902698
two carboxypeptidase counterparts from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus): molecular characterization, genomic arrangement and immune responses upon pathogenic stresses.carboxypeptidases (cps) are proteases that hydrolyze c-terminal peptide bonds. they are involved in regulating the complement system of the immune system. here, we report the molecular characterization and immune response of two carboxypeptidases, named carboxypeptidase a (rb-cpa) and carboxypeptidase n1 (rb-cpn1), from rock bream. the genomic sequence of rb-cpa contains 12 exons interrupted by 11 introns, while the genomic sequence of rb-cpn1 has 9 exons and 8 introns. the cdna sequence of rb-c ...201425457548
comprehensive gene expression profiling in japanese flounder kidney after injection with two different formalin-killed pathogenic bacteria.pathogenic bacteria possess some components, that are recognized by the host immune receptors. different components are recognized by distinct receptors, and thus it is speculated that these components may regulate different gene sets. to investigate the gene expression profiles regulated by different bacterial components in japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus, japanese flounder were intraperitoneally injected with formalin-killed bacterial cells (fkc) of edwardsiella tarda and streptococcu ...201425304547
molecular characterization and transcriptional analysis of non-mammalian type toll like receptor (tlr21) from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus).toll-like receptors (tlrs) are a large family of pattern recognition receptors, which are involved in triggering host immune responses against various pathogens by detecting their evolutionarily conserved pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps). tlr21 is a non-mammalian type tlr, which recognizes unmethylated cpg dna, and is considered as a functional homolog of mammalian tlr9. in this study, we attempted to identify and characterize a novel tlr21 counterpart from rock bream (oplegnathus ...201425300254
cloning and expression analysis of three novel cc chemokine genes from japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus).chemokines are small cytokines secreted by various cell types. they not only function in cell activation, differentiation and trafficking, but they also have influences on many biological processes. in this study, three novel cc chemokine genes paol-scya105, 106 and 107 in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) were cloned and characterized. paol-scya105 was mainly detected in gill, kidney and spleen, paol-scya106 was detected in all tissues examined and paol-scya107 was mainly detected in t ...201425123833
expression analysis and biological activity of moronecidin from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus.the piscidin-family, one of antimicrobial peptides (amps) mainly distributed in fish, is crucial effectors of fish innate immune response. piscidin-family typically has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and the ability to modulate the immune response. in this study, we identified moronecidin (rbmoro) included in piscidin-family from rock bream and investigated its gene expression using quantitative real-time pcr and biological activity (including antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity). the co ...201425050859
cloning, characterisation, and expression analysis of the cathepsin d gene from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus).cathepsins are lysosomal cysteine proteases belonging to the papain family, members of which play important roles in normal metabolism for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) cathepsin d (rbctsd) cdnas were identified by expressed sequence tag analysis of a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rock bream liver cdna library. the full-length rbctsd cdna (1644 bp) contained an open reading frame of 1191 bp encoding 396 amino acids. alignment analysis revealed that t ...201425038285
molecular aspects, genomic arrangement and immune responsive mrna expression profiles of two cxc chemokine receptor homologs (cxcr1 and cxcr2) from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus.the cxcr1 and cxcr2 are the prototypical receptors and are the only known receptors for mammalian elr+ (glu-leu-arg) cxc chemokines, including cxcl8 (interleukin 8). these receptors transduce the elr+ chemokine signals and operate the downstream signaling pathways in inflammation and innate immunity. in this study, we report the identification and characterization of cxcr1 and cxcr2 genes from rock bream fish (ofcxcr1 and ofcxcr2) at the molecular level. the cdna and genomic dna sequences of the ...201424945570
lack of a contact requirement for direct antibacterial activity of lymphocyte subpopulations in ginbuna crucian carp.cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) recognize and kill cells infected with viruses, intracellular bacteria and tumors with mhc restriction and antigen specificity. in addition to these activities, recent studies in mammals have suggested that ctl can exhibit direct microbicidal activity. in our previous study we documented direct antibacterial activity of cd4(+) t cells and sigm(+) cells as well as cd8α(+) t cells from immunized fish. however, we also found weak non-specific killing activity of lympho ...201424859594
molecular cloning and expression analysis of two lipopolysaccharide-induced tnf-α factors (litafs) from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus.lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-α factor (litaf) plays an important role controlling the expression of tnf-α and the other cytokine genes in the presence of lps. however, two litaf homologues have not been characterized in fish. in this study, we cloned two distinct litaf (rblitaf1 and rblitaf2) cdnas from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) and characterized their expression profiles after infection with edwardsiella tarda, streptococcus iniae or red seabream iridovi ...201424394623
development of a multiplex pcr assay to detect edwardsiella tarda, streptococcus parauberis, and streptococcus iniae in olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus).a multiplex pcr protocol was established to simultaneously detect major bacterial pathogens in olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) including edwardsiella (e.) tarda, streptococcus (s.) parauberis, and s. iniae. the pcr assay was able to detect 0.01 ng of e. tarda, 0.1 ng of s. parauberis, and 1 ng of s. iniae genomic dna. furthermore, this technique was found to have high specificity when tested with related bacterial species. this method represents a cheaper, faster, and reliable alternativ ...201424378589
isolation and molecular identification of the etiological agents of streptococcosis in nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) cultured in net cages in lake sentani, papua, indonesia.infections with streptococcus spp. were observed in nile tilapia cultured in net cages in lake sentani, papua, indonesia. clinical signs included exophthalmia, erratic swimming, ascites in abdominal cavity, and external hemorrhages. four types of bacterial colonies (sk, k10, p20, and m12) were isolated from the brain, kidney, and eyes. based on phenotypic and genetic (16s rdna sequencing) characteristics, the isolates were identified as streptococcus iniae (sk), streptococcus agalactiae (k10 and ...201425392797
molecular cloning and characterization of a new g-type lysozyme gene (ec-lysg) in orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides.lysozyme acts as an innate immunity molecule against pathogen infection. in this study, a new g-type lysozyme gene with a typical g-type lysozyme domain (designated as ec-lysg) was cloned and characterized from the orange-spotted grouper, epinephelus coioides. the full-length ec-lysg cdna contains 1419 bp and encodes a 256-residue protein containing a 25-residue signal peptide at the n-terminus. blast analysis reveals ec-lysg shares 64% identity with siniperca chuatsi, but 63% to another reporte ...201424877656
n-acetylglucosamine enhances survival ability of tilapias infected by streptococcus iniae.streptococcus iniae infection has emerged as a serious fish health and economic problem in the global aquaculture operations. current antibiotic options are few and possess severe practical limitations and potential adverse environmental impacts. the major factor contributing to the large burden of s. iniae disease in aquaculture is the lack of fundamental knowledge of innate immunity against the pathogen. in the present study, we use a tilapia model to explore which metabolites are crucial for ...201425120218
construction of a streptococcus iniae sortase a mutant and evaluation of its potential as an attenuated modified live vaccine in nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus).streptococcus iniae is a major gram-positive aquatic pathogen, which causes invasive diseases in cultured fish worldwide. the identification of potential virulence determinants of streptococcal infections will help to understand and control this disease, but only a few have been confirmed in s. iniae. sortase a (srta) is the key enzyme that anchors pre-mature cell wall-attached proteins to peptidoglycan and it can affect the correct positioning of surface proteins, as well as the course of gram- ...201425090938
[isolation, identification and drug sensitivity of streptococcus iniae from hybrid sturgeons (huso dauricus female x acipenser schrencki male)].sturgeons were the important economic species in beijing. in july 2012, continuous mortality of cultured hybrid sturgeons was occurred on a farm in huairou.201425007657
differential transcriptomic response in the spleen and head kidney following vaccination and infection of asian seabass with streptococcus iniae.vaccination is an important strategy in the protection of aquaculture species from major diseases. however, we still do not have a good understanding of the mechanisms underlying vaccine-induced disease resistance. this is further complicated by the presence of several lymphoid organs that play different roles when mounting an immune response. in this study, we attempt to elucidate some of these mechanisms using a microarray-based approach. asian seabass (lates calcarifer) were vaccinated agains ...201424992587
development and evaluation of a real-time fluorogenic loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay integrated on a microfluidic disc chip (on-chip lamp) for rapid and simultaneous detection of ten pathogenic bacteria in aquatic animals.rapid, low-cost, and user-friendly strategies are urgently needed for early disease diagnosis and timely treatment, particularly for on-site screening of pathogens in aquaculture. in this study, we successfully developed a real-time fluorogenic loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay integrated on a microfluidic disc chip (on-chip lamp), which was capable of simultaneously detecting 10 pathogenic bacteria in aquatic animals, i.e., nocardia seriolae, pseudomonas putida, streptococcus iniae, ...201424954661
dietary supplementation with allspice pimenta dioica reduces the occurrence of streptococcal disease during first feeding of mozambique tilapia fry.abstract allspice pimenta dioica as a feed additive was studied for its effects on growth performance and disease resistance in mozambique tilapia oreochromis mossambicus. five isonitrogenous (36% crude protein) and isocaloric (18.5 kj/g) diets were formulated to contain 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, or 20 g of allspice/kg of fish feed. in a 50-d feeding trial, 15 plastic tanks (21 l) were stocked with 35 fish fry (0.012 g) each. after the feeding trial, fish were exposed to streptococcus iniae and mo ...201425229484
establishment of a new cell line from the heart of giant grouper, epinephelus lanceolatus (bloch), and its application in toxicology and virus susceptibility.a new marine fish cell line, derived from the heart of giant grouper, epinephelus lanceolatus (bloch), was established and characterized. the cell line was designated as elgh and subcultured with more than 60 passages. the elgh cells were mainly composed of fibroblast-like cells and multiplied well in leibovitz's l-15 medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (fbs) at 28 °c. chromosome analysis indicated that the modal chromosome number was 48. the fluorescent signals were detected in elg ...201524372271
zebrafish and streptococcal infections.streptococcal bacteria are a versatile group of gram-positive bacteria capable of infecting several host organisms, including humans and fish. streptococcal species are common colonizers of the human respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, but they also cause some of the most common life-threatening, invasive infections in humans and aquaculture. with its unique characteristics and efficient tools for genetic and imaging applications, the zebrafish (danio rerio) has emerged as a powerful vertebr ...201526095827
interactions of streptococcus iniae with phagocytic cell line.streptococcus iniae has become one of the most serious aquatic pathogens in the last decade, causing large losses in wild and farmed fish worldwide. there is clear evidence that this pathogen is capable not only of causing serious disease in fish but also of being transferred to and infecting humans. in this study, we investigate the interaction of s. iniae with two murine macrophage cell lines, j774-a1 and raw 264.7. cytotoxicity assay demonstrated significant differences between live and uv-li ...201524956597
adjuvant immune enhancement of subunit vaccine encoding pscpi of streptococcus iniae in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) is an important agricultural fish that has been plagued by streptococcus iniae (s. iniae) infections in recent years, some of them severe. c5a peptidase is an important virulent factor of s. iniae. in this study, the subunit vaccine containing the truncated part of c5a peptidase (pscpi) was mixed with aluminum hydroxide gel (ah), propolis adjuvant (pa), and freund's incomplete adjuvant (fia). the immunogenicity of the pscpi was detected by western-blot in vi ...201526602918
trancriptomic profiling revealed the signatures of acute immune response in tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) following streptococcus iniae challenge.streptococcus iniae is the most significant bacterial disease of tilapia throughout the world, and commonly leads to tremendous economic losses. in contrast to other important fish species, our knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of tilapia in response to bacterial infection is still limited. here, therefore, we utilized rna-seq to first profiling of host responses in tilapia spleen following s. iniae infection at transcriptome level. a total of 223 million reads were obtained and assembled ...201526117728
dietary aloe vera improves plasma lipid profile, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective enzyme activities in gift-tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) after streptococcus iniae challenge.the current study investigated the effects of dietary aloe vera on plasma lipid profile status, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective enzyme activities of gift-tilapia juveniles under streptococcus iniae challenge. five dietary groups were designed including a control and 100 % aloe powder incorporated into a tilapia feed at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 %/kg feed, which were administered for 8 weeks. fish fed dietary aloe at 4 %/kg feed significantly reduced in total cholesterol, while triacylglycerol reduced ( ...201526109009
differential innate immune response of european seabass (dicentrarchus labrax) against streptococcus iniae.streptococcus iniae is a gram-positive bacteria that causes invasive infections with severe septicemia and meningitis, producing high economic losses in marine and continental aquaculture. head kidney leukocytes of european sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) were used to measure the differential innate immune response upon infection with s. iniae. the complete inhibition in the production of intracellular superoxide radicals and total peroxidase content was observed in infected cells. this study al ...201526099220
molecular delineation of a caspase 10 homolog from black rockfish (sebastes schlegelii) and its transcriptional regulation in response to pathogenic stress.caspase 10 is an initiator caspase in death cascades of death receptor mediated apoptotic signaling. we identified and molecularly characterized a novel homolog of caspase 10 from black rockfish (sebastes schlegelii) and designated as rfcasp10. the complete coding region of rfcasp10 was found to consist of 1659 bps, encoding a 553 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 61.7 kda. the characteristic caspase family domain architecture, including death effecter domains (deds), was cle ...201526048002
liver functional metabolomics discloses an action of l-leucine against streptococcus iniae infection in tilapias.streptococcus iniae seriously affects the intensive farming of tilapias. much work has been conducted on prevention and control of s. iniae infection, but little published information on the metabolic response is available in tilapias against the bacterial infection, and no metabolic modulation way may be adopted to control this disease. the present study used gc/ms based metabolomics to characterize the metabolic profiling of tilapias infected by a lethal dose (ld50) of s. iniae and determined ...201525957884
non-invasive imaging of the innate immune response in a zebrafish larval model of streptococcus iniae infection.the aquatic pathogen, streptococcus iniae, is responsible for over 100 million dollars in annual losses for the aquaculture industry and is capable of causing systemic disease in both fish and humans. a better understanding of s. iniae disease pathogenesis requires an appropriate model system. the genetic tractability and the optical transparency of the early developmental stages of zebrafish allow for the generation and non-invasive imaging of transgenic lines with fluorescently tagged immune c ...201525938624
complete genome sequence of streptococcus iniae ysfst01-82, isolated from olive flounder in jeju, south korea.streptococcus iniae is associated with morbidity in commercial fish species, especially in olive flounders (paralichthys olivaceus), and was recently identified as an emerging human pathogen. here, we report the complete 2.09-mb genome sequence of s. iniae strain ysfst01-82, isolated from an olive flounder with streptococcosis disease in jeju, south korea.201525908134
dietary aloe vera supplementation on growth performance, some haemato-biochemical parameters and disease resistance against streptococcus iniae in tilapia (gift).this study investigated effects of dietary aloe vera on growth performance, some haemato-biochemical parameters and disease resistance against streptococcus iniae in tilapia (gift). five groups were designed including a basal diet (control) and 100% a. vera powder incorporated in fish feed at 0.5% 1%, 2%, and 4%/kg feed, which were administered for 8 weeks. fish fed 0.5%, 1%, and 2% a. vera supplemented diet significantly improved (p < 0.05) weight gain, absolute growth rate and specific growth ...201525758848
a teleostan homolog of catalase from black rockfish (sebastes schlegelii): insights into functional roles in host antioxidant defense and expressional responses to septic conditions.antioxidative defense renders a significant protection against environmental stress in organisms and maintains the correct redox balance in cells, thereby supporting proper immune function. catalase is an indispensable antioxidant in organisms that detoxifies hydrogen peroxides produced in cellular environments. in this study, we sought to molecularly characterize a homolog of catalase (rfcat), identified from black rockfish (sebastes schlegelii). rfcat consists of a 1581 bp coding region for a ...201525707597
the effects of combined dietary probiotics lactococcus lactis bfe920 and lactobacillus plantarum fgl0001 on innate immunity and disease resistance in olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus).the effects of a dietary probiotic mixture containing lactococcus (lc.) lactis bfe920 isolated from bean sprout and autochthonous lactobacillus (lb.) plantarum fgl0001 originally isolated from the hindgut of olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) were investigated for the purpose of improving the probiotic effects of lc. lactis bfe920 on the olive flounder. the immunostimulatory, disease protective, and weight gain effects of lc. lactis bfe920 were significantly improved when olive flounder (av ...201525449382
cell-penetrating peptide-mediated subunit vaccine generates a potent immune response and protection against streptococcus iniae in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus).the efficiency of antigen capture, processing, and presentation by antigen-presenting cells is the key to induce an effective immune response. cell-penetrating peptides (cpps) are short peptides that facilitate cellular uptake of various molecular cargoes and have an attractive potential for vaccine delivery. in this study, the drosophila antennapedia homeoprotein (antp) and the human immunodeficiency virus-1 transactivator of transcription (tat) peptides were fused to the n- or c-terminus of si ...201526232860
identification of a c-reactive protein like homologue from black rockfish (sebastes schlegelii) evidencing its potent anti-microbial properties at molecular level.pentraxins are a family of evolutionary conserved proteins that contains two main members, namely c-reactive proteins (crps) and serum amyloid p (sap), which are involved in acute phase responses in animals. in this study, a cdna sequence of a crp-like molecule was identified from a previously constructed black rockfish cdna database (rfcrp) and subsequently characterized at its molecular level. the complete coding region of rfcrp is 672 bp in length, and encodes a protein containing 224 amino a ...201526182985
a novel cathelicidin from bufo bufo gargarizans cantor showed specific activity to its habitat bacteria.toad bufo bufo gargarizans cantor is still used in china as traditional chinese medicine. however, present investigations on its skin secretions were mainly focused on the bufadienolides, the proteins/peptides contained in the secretions are largely unknown. a cdna encoding a novel cathelicidin termed bg-cath was identified by analysis of the toad skin transcriptome. the bg-cath precursor was predicted to have 2 possible cleavage sites following dibasic cleavage signals at its c-terminal, which ...201526091834
modulation of innate immune response, mucosal parameters and disease resistance in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) upon synbiotic feeding.the present study investigates the effects of dietary supplements of galactooligosaccharides (gos), pediococcus acidilactici and p. acidilactici + gos on innate immune response, skin mucus as well as disease resistance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings (15.04 ± 0.52 g). after 8 weeks of feeding, several innate immune (lysozyme, alternative complement and respiratory burst activities) and skin mucus parameters (bactericidal activity against streptococcus faecium, streptococcus in ...201525827628
gene expression and functional characterization of serum amyloid p component 2 in rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus.mammalian serum amyloid p component (sap) recognizes a wide range of exogenous pathogenic substances and activates a complementary pathway leading to pathogen clearance. to determine the potential roles of sap in the fish immune system, sap (rbsap2) gene was cloned from ests analysis of rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus), which consisted of a signal peptide and pentraxin domain. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the rbsap2 gene was classified with other known fish saps. rbsap2 was highly expre ...201526455663
gene structure, molecular characterization and transcriptional expression of two p38 isoforms (mapk11 and mapk14) from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus).the p38 kinases are one of the four subgroups of mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) superfamily which are involved in the innate immunity. the p38 subfamily that includes four members namely p38α (mapk14), p38β (mapk11), p38γ (mapk12) and p38δ (mapk13), regulates the activation of several transcription factors. in this study, a p38β (ofmapk11) homolog and a p38α (ofmapk14) homolog of oplegnathus fasciatus were identified at genomic level. results clearly showed that both mapk11 and mapk14 a ...201526363230
characterization of rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) complement components c1r and c1s in terms of molecular aspects, genomic modulation, and immune responsive transcriptional profiles following bacterial and viral pathogen exposure.the complement components c1r and c1s play a crucial role in innate immunity via activation of the classical complement cascade system. as initiators of the pathogen-induced signaling cascade, c1r and c1s modulate innate immunity. in order to understand the immune responses of teleost c1r and c1s, oplegnathus fasciatus c1r and c1s genes (ofc1r and ofc1s) were identified and characterized. the genomic sequence of ofc1r was enclosed with thirteen exons that represented a putative peptide with 704 ...201526241508
a homolog of kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus: molecular insights and transcriptional modulation in response to microbial and pamp stimulation, and tissue injury.serine proteases and their inhibitors play vital roles in diverse biological processes. in this study, we identified and characterized cdna coding for a kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor (spi), which we designated as rbkspi, in a commercially important species, rock bream. the full-length cdna sequence of rbkspi consisted of 2452 bp with an open reading frame (orf) of 1521 bp encoding a polypeptide of 507 amino acid (aa) residues. in the rbkspi protein, manec, pkd, ldla, and two kunitz domai ...201526162478
first molecular characterisation and expression analysis of a teleost thioredoxin-interacting protein (txnip) gene from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus).thioredoxin-interacting protein (txnip) is an important regulator of glucose metabolism that functions by inhibiting cellular glucose uptake. the full-length rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) txnip (rbtxnip) cdna (2499 bp) contains an open reading frame of 1188 bp encoding 396 amino acids. furthermore, multiple alignments showed that the arrestin domain was well conserved among the other txnip sequences tested. rbtxnip was predicted to contain a pxxp and ppxy motif. phylogenetic analysis indica ...201525934185
functional characterisation and expression analysis of recombinant serum amyloid p isoform 1 (rbsap1) from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus).lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that play important roles in the recognition and elimination of pathogens via the innate immune system. pentraxins (ptx) are humoral lectins, which are multifunctional proteins in vertebrates. pentraxins can be divided into two groups based on their primary structure: short (c-reactive protein and serum amyloid p [sap]) and long pentraxins (ptx3 and neuronal pentraxins). previously, sap was shown to have ca(2+)-dependent binding specificity for various l ...201525917975
insights into molecular profiles and genomic evolution of an irak4 homolog from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus): immunogen- and pathogen-induced transcriptional expression.as a pivotal signaling mediator of toll-like receptor (tlr) and interleukin (il)-1 receptor (il-1r) signaling cascades, the il-1r-associated kinase 4 (irak4) is engaged in the activation of host immunity. this study investigates the molecular and expressional profiles of an irak4-like homolog from oplegnathus fasciatus (ofirak4). the ofirak4 gene (8.2 kb) was structured with eleven exons and ten introns. a putative coding sequence (1395bp) was translated to the ofirak protein of 464 amino acids. ...201525555811
mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 (prx3) from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus): immune responses and role of recombinant prx3 in protecting cells from hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress.pathogenic infections and environmental factors cause a variety of stresses in fish including oxidative stress by rapid elevation of reactive oxygen species (ros) and reactive nitrogen species (rns). transcriptional activation and expression of antioxidant enzymes are essential for reducing the oxidative stress. in this study, we present the molecular characterization, immune responses and ros scavenging activity of mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 from oplegnathus fasciatus (rbprx3). coding sequen ...201525542382
molecular genomic- and transcriptional-aspects of a teleost traf6 homolog: possible involvement in immune responses of oplegnathus fasciatus against pathogens.tumor necrosis factor receptor (tnfr)-associated factor 6 (traf6) is a crucial docking molecule for tnfr superfamily and interleukin-1 receptor/toll-like receptor (il-1r/tlr) superfamily. as an adaptor protein in pathogen-induced signaling cascades, traf6 modulates both adaptive- and innate-immunity. in order to understand the immune responses of teleost traf6, oplegnathus fasciatus traf6-like gene (oftraf6) was identified and characterized. genomic length of oftraf6 (4 kb), obtained by means of ...201525449707
first molecular cloning and gene expression analysis of teleost cd42 (glycoprotein ib beta chain) gpib-ix-v subunit from rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus.cd42 is a platelet membrane glycoprotein ib that plays a key role in haemostasis and thrombin-induced platelet activation. here, we report the molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the cd42c gene from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus). rock bream cd42 (rbcd42c) gene expression profiles were determined after infection with streptococcus iniae, edwardsiella tarda and red seabream iridovirus (rsiv). the full-length rbcd42c cdna contained an open reading frame of 624 bp encoding 207 amino acid ...201525445900
cloning and characterization of surface-localized α-enolase of streptococcus iniae, an effective protective antigen in mice.streptococcus iniae is a major fish pathogen that can also cause human bacteremia, cellulitis and meningitis. screening for and identification of protective antigens plays an important role in developing therapies against s. iniae infections. in this study, we indicated that the α-enolase of s. iniae was not only distributed in the cytoplasm and associated to cell walls, but was also secreted to the bacterial cell surface. the functional identity of the purified recombinant α-enolase protein was ...201526121302
antibacterial activities of metabolites from platanus occidentalis (american sycamore) against fish pathogenic bacteria.one approach to the management of common fish diseases in aquaculture is the use of antibiotic-laden feed. however, there are public concerns about the use of antibiotics in agriculture and the potential development of antibiotic resistant bacteria. therefore, the discovery of other environmentally safe natural compounds as alternatives to antibiotics would benefit the aquaculture industries. four natural compounds, commonly called platanosides, [kaempferol 3-o-α-l-(2″,3″-di-e-p-coumaroyl)rhamno ...201527790379
molecular characterization of a transmembrane c-type lectin receptor gene from ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) and its effect on the recognition of different bacteria by monocytes/macrophages.c-type lectin receptors (ctlrs) play vital roles in immune responses as pattern-recognition receptors (prrs). in this study, we identified a novel c-type lectin receptor (pactlrc) gene from ayu, plecoglossus altivelis. predicted pactlrc is a single transmembrane receptor with a typical carbohydrate recognition domain (crd) at its c-terminus. sequence comparison and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that pactlrc was most closely related to atlantic salmon (salmo salar) clrc, but was significantly ...201526010409
zebrafish: an animal model for research in veterinary medicine.the zebrafish (danio rerio) has become known as an excellent model organism for studies of vertebrate biology, vertebrate genetics, embryonal development, diseases and drug screening. nevertheless, there is still lack of detailed reports about usage of the zebrafish as a model in veterinary medicine. comparing to other vertebrates, they can lay hundreds of eggs at weekly intervals, externally fertilized zebrafish embryos are accessible to observation and manipulation at all stages of their devel ...201526618602
bacterial zoonoses of fishes: a review and appraisal of evidence for linkages between fish and human infections.human contact with and consumption of fishes presents hazards from a range of bacterial zoonotic infections. whereas many bacterial pathogens have been presented as fish-borne zoonoses on the basis of epidemiological and phenotypic evidence, genetic identity between fish and human isolates is not frequently examined or does not provide support for transmission between these hosts. in order to accurately assess the zoonotic risk from exposure to fishes in the context of aquaculture, wild fisherie ...201525466575
effects of dietary bacillus licheniformis on growth performance, immunological parameters, intestinal morphology and resistance of juvenile nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) to challenge infections.the effects of oral administration of bacillus licheniformis on growth performance, immunity, intestinal morphology and disease resistance of juvenile tilapia were investigated. six experimental diets supplemented with different concentrations of b. licheniformis (0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08% and 0.1% of alcare(®), containing live germ 2 × 10(10) cfu/g) were formulated, viz. control, t1, t2, t3, t4 and t5. each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 30 fishes (3.83 ± 0.03 g). after ...201526108035
dietary supplementation with bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and aspergillus oryzae enhance immunity and disease resistance against aeromonas hydrophila and streptococcus iniae infection in juvenile tilapia oreochromis niloticus.a feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary administration of probiotic with bacillus subtilis, aspergillus oryzae and saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth, innate immune response, hemato-immunological parameters and disease resistance of nile tilapia, oreochromis niloticus. animals were distributed in three equal groups, each of five replicates and received one of the following experimental diets for four weeks: control, non-supplemented diet; 5 g kg(-1) probiotic mixture ...201525530581
streptococcus iniae in gilthead seabream (sparus aurata, l.) and red porgy (pagrus pagrus, l.): ultrastructural analysis.streptococcosis caused by streptococcus iniae has become one of the most serious marine and freshwater aquatic diseases in the past decade, causing large losses in farmed and wild fish worldwide. in this study, we performed an ultrastructural study of major lesions in gilthead seabream sparus aurata and red porgy pagrus pagrus experimentally infected with the s. iniae iusa-1 strain, isolated in a natural outbreak in spain in the mentioned species. the transmission electron micrographs revealed t ...201524496225
[hyaluronic acid production by streptococcus iniae and its application in rabbit skin's regeneration].hyaluronic acid (ha) is an important biomaterial as the extracellular matrix in human body. we produced ha by fermentation of streptococcus iniae (strep.). production of ha by strep. was evaluated and further improved by strain mutation by ultraviolet. one strain with higher ha yield and lower content of protein was obtained. its ha yield increased from (82.3±3.3) mg/l to (120±10.6) mg/l, and protein decreased from (0.178±0.011) mg/l to (0.032±0.017) mg/l. the molecular weight (mw) of ha yield f ...201629022311
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