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infective endocarditis caused by streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus and colon cancer.a 56-year-old man presented to our department with a 2-month history of fever and chills. he had received a mitral valvuloplasty 3 years ago. he had been administered levofloxacin for 2 months. we discontinued levofloxacin and repeated the blood cultures. bacterial blood cultures were positive and transoesophageal echocardiography revealed vegetation attached to the posterior mitral leaflet. we started the patient on intravenous antibiotic therapy for infectious endocarditis by streptococcus gal ...201424798358
inhibition of fructan-fermenting equine faecal bacteria and streptococcus bovis by hops (humulus lupulus l.) β-acid.the goals of this study were to determine if β-acid from hops (humulus lupulus l.) could be used to control fructan fermentation by equine hindgut micro-organisms, and to verify the antimicrobial mode of action on streptococcus bovis, which has been implicated in fructan fermentation, hindgut acidosis and pasture-associated laminitis (pal) in the horse.201424775300
streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus meningitis in an infant.streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus was formerly classified as s. bovis biotype ii/2, which is recognized as a rare cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. since the taxonomy classification change, there have not been many reports of meningitis due to s. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus. moreover, the pathogenesis of late onset s. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus meningitis in infants is unclear. here we report a case of meningitis in a 5-week-old infant with preceding diarrhea. s. b ...201424730635
prognostic implications of diabetes in patients with left-sided endocarditis: findings from a large cohort study.patients with diabetes mellitus (dm) have a higher incidence of infections, and those with bacteremia are more prone to develop sepsis and infective endocarditis (ie). nevertheless, data concerning the impact of dm on the prognosis of patients with ie are limited and sometimes contradictory. we examined the impact of dm on the inhospital outcome of left-sided ie in a large cohort of patients. we studied 594 consecutive episodes of left-sided ie diagnosed at 3 tertiary care centers. they were div ...201424646468
identification of ligand specificity determinants in lantibiotic bovicin hj50 and the receptor bovk, a multitransmembrane histidine kinase.lantibiotic bovicin hj50 is produced by streptococcus bovis hj50 and acts as the extracellular signal to autoregulate its own biosynthesis through bovk/r two-component system. bovicin hj50 shows a linear n-terminal and glubolar c-terminal structure, and the sensor histidine kinase bovk contains eight transmembrane segments lacking any extensive surface-exposed sensory domain. the signal recognition mechanism between bovicin hj50 and bovk is still unknown. we performed saturated alanine scanning ...201424526683
[streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus isolated from cerebrospinal fluid in a pediatric patient].streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus is known to cause bacterial meningitis in adults, and most of the few pediatric cases observed occurred in neonates. we report the case of a 9-month old boy with a history of repeated hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases, who presented meningitis and bacteremia by streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasterianus. to our knowledge, this is the first reported case in santa fe to this date.201424401779
recurrent streptococcus bovis meningitis in strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection after kidney transplantation: the dilemma in a non-endemic area. 201424394478
streptococcus bovis bacteraemia: an evaluation of the long-term effect on cardiac outcomes.streptococcus bovis can lead to bacteraemia, septicaemia, and ultimately endocarditis. the objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term implications of s. bovis endocarditis on cardiac morbidity and mortality.201424022385
is colonoscopy necessary in cases of infection by streptococcus bovis biotype ii?the association of colorectal neoplasia (crn) with streptococcus bovis biotype i (sbi) infection is well recognized. however, this is not the case for streptococcus bovis biotype ii (sbii). we conducted this study in order to analyze the relationship between sbii and crn. we analyzed all cases of bacteremia due to sbi (n = 99) and sbii (n = 36) diagnosed in our hospital (during the period 1988-2011) that were followed up with colonoscopy. in addition, we reviewed the literature (during the perio ...201423934596
streptococcus bovis group and biliary tract infections: an analysis of 51 cases.streptococcus bovis is a well-known cause of endocarditis, but its role in other infections has not been well described. we analysed prospectively all patients with biliary tract infections caused by s. bovis group during the period 1988-2011. we selected those cases associated with cholangitis and cholecystitis, defined according to tokyo guidelines. identification of the strains was performed using the api 20 strep and the gp card of the vitek 2 system, and was confirmed by molecular methods. ...201424033711
comparative genomics of the dairy isolate streptococcus macedonicus aca-dc 198 against related members of the streptococcus bovis/streptococcus equinus complex.within the genus streptococcus, only streptococcus thermophilus is used as a starter culture in food fermentations. streptococcus macedonicus though, which belongs to the streptococcus bovis/streptococcus equinus complex (sbsec), is also frequently isolated from fermented foods mainly of dairy origin. members of the sbsec have been implicated in human endocarditis and colon cancer. here we compare the genome sequence of the dairy isolate s. macedonicus aca-dc 198 to the other sbsec genomes in or ...201424713045
effect of fiber digestibility and conservation method on feed intake and the ruminal ecosystem of growing steers.fiber digestibility is an important factor regulating dmi in ruminants. additionally, the ensiling process can also affect digestibility and chemical composition of the forage. the objective of this study was to investigate effects of sugarcane ndf digestibility (ndfd) and conservation method on intake, rumen kinetics, and the ruminal ecosystem of steers. eight ruminally cannulated nellore steers (275±22 kg bw) were used in a replicated 4×4 latin square design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of ...201425414108
active dry saccharomyces cerevisiae can alleviate the effect of subacute ruminal acidosis in lactating dairy cows.the objective of the study was to determine the effect of active dry saccharomyces cerevisiae (adsc) supplementation on dry matter intake, milk yield, milk components, ruminal ph, and microbial community during a dietary regimen that leads to subacute ruminal acidosis (sara). sixteen multiparous, rumen-cannulated lactating holstein cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments that included adsc (biomate; ab vista, marlborough, uk; 8 × 10(10) cfu/head per day) or control. during wk 1 ...201425282426
the effects of active dried and killed dried yeast on subacute ruminal acidosis, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestibility in beef heifers.the study addressed the importance of yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) viability for reducing the incidence of subacute ruminal acidosis (sara) and improving total tract nutrient digestibility in beef heifers. six ruminally cannulated beef heifers (680 ± 50 kg bw) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 latin square design and were fed a diet consisting of 40% barley silage, 10% chopped grass hay, and 50% barley grain-based concentrate (dm basis). treatments were 1) no yeast (control), 2) active dried y ...201424398831
is there a need for bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy?heart valve repair or replacement is a serious problem. patients can benefit from an open dialogue between both cardiologists and gastroenterologists for the optimal effective patients care. the focused update on infective endocarditis of the american college of cardiology/american heart association 2008 (acc/aha guidelines) and guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infective endocarditis (new version 2009) of the european society of cardiology (esc guidelines) describe proph ...201424566725
cloning, expression, and purification of a new antibacterial substance gene from larvae of musca domestica (diptera: muscidae).musca domestica l. (diptera: muscidae), the housefly, exhibits unique immune defenses and can produce antibacterial substances upon stimulation with bacteria. on the basis of the cdna library constructed using the suppression subtractive hybridization method, a 1188-bp antibacterial substance gene, which we named as566, was amplified by rapid amplification of cdna ends from m. domestica larva stimulated with salmonella pullorum (enterobacteriaceae: salmonella). in this study, the full-length as5 ...201425434038
l-lactate production from seaweed hydrolysate of laminaria japonica using metabolically engineered escherichia coli.renewable and carbon neutral, marine algal biomass could be an attractive alternative substrate for the production of biofuel and various biorefinery products. thus, the feasibility of brown seaweed (laminaria japonica) hydrolysate as a carbon source was investigated here for l-lactate production. this work reports the homofermentative route for l-lactate production by introducing streptococcus bovis/equinus l-lactate dehydrogenase in an engineered escherichia coli strain where synthesis of the ...201424297185
chemical composition and nutrient degradability in elephant grass silage inoculated with streptococcus bovis isolated from the rumen.the objective of the present study was to assess the chemical and bromatological composition and in situ degradability of elephant grass silages inoculated with streptococcus bovis isolated from cattle rumen. a complete randomized design was used with four treatments and six replications: elephant grass silage, elephant grass silage inoculated with 10(6) cfu/g streptococcus bovis jb1 strains; elephant grass silage inoculated with 106 cfu/g streptococcus bovis hc5 strains; elephant grass silage i ...201424519006
antimicrobial constituents and synergism effect of the essential oils from cymbopogon citratus and alpinia galanga.from the fresh leaf sheathes of lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) and rhizomes of galanga (alpinia galanga) light yellow and colorless oils, respectively, were obtained by hydrodistillation and microwave assisted extraction (mae) in yields of 0.24% and 0.03%, and 0.11% and trace (w/w), respectively. by gc/ms analysis, five major constituents were identified in lemongrass oil, e-citral, z-citral, beta-myrcene, selina-6-en-4-ol, and cis-ocimene, and five in galanga oil, 1,8-cineole, phenol 4-(2-pro ...201424689310
combined computed tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis: a case series.the diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis is challenging. the gold standard for prosthetic valve endocarditis diagnosis is trans-esophageal echocardiography. however, trans-esophageal echocardiography may result in negative findings or yield images difficult to differentiate from thrombus in patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis. combined computed tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography is a potentially promising diagnostic tool for several infectious conditions ...201424418206
bovicin hj50-like lantibiotics, a novel subgroup of lantibiotics featured by an indispensable disulfide bridge.lantibiotics are ribosomally-synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides with potent antimicrobial activities. discovery of novel lantibiotics has been greatly accelerated with the soaring release of genomic information of microorganisms. as a unique class ii lantibiotic, bovicin hj50 is produced by streptococcus bovis hj50 and contains one rare disulfide bridge. by using its precursor bova as a drive sequence, 16 bova-like peptides were revealed in a wide variety of species. from them ...201424821187
molecular characterization of α-amylase from staphylococcus aureus.staphylococcus aureus is one of the prominent gram positive human pathogen secretes many surface and secretary proteins including various enzymes and pathogenic factors that favour the successful colonization and infection of host tissue. α-amylase is one of the enzymes secreted by s. aureus which catalyses the breakdown of complex sugars to monosaccharides, which are required for colonization and survival of this pathogen in any anatomical locales. in the present study we have cloned, sequenced ...201323559746
evaluation of the nanosphere verigene gram-positive blood culture assay with the versatrek blood culture system and assessment of possible impact on selected patients.the verigene gram-positive blood culture (bc-gp) assay (nanosphere, northbrook, il) is a molecular method for the rapid identification of gram-positive organisms and resistance markers directly from blood culture bottles. a total of 148 versatrek redox 1 40-ml aerobic bottles demonstrating gram-positive bacteria were tested. results were compared with those from conventional biochemical and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) identifications. we obtained isolat ...201324048531
dynamics of fecal microbial communities in children with diarrhea of unknown etiology and genomic analysis of associated streptococcus lutetiensis.the sequences of the 16s rrna genes extracted from fecal samples provide insights into the dynamics of fecal microflora. this potentially gives valuable etiological information for patients whose conditions have been ascribed to unknown pathogens, which cannot be accomplished using routine culture methods. we studied 33 children with diarrhea who were admitted to the children's hospital in shanxi province during 2006.201323782707
effects of soybean small peptides on rumen fermentation and on intestinal and total tract digestion of luxi yellow cattle.four luxi beef cattle (400±10 kg) fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulas were used in a 4×4 latin square to assess the effects of soybean small peptide (ssp) infusion on rumen fermentation, diet digestion and flow of nutrient in the gastrointestinal tract. the ruminal infusion of ssp was 0 (control), 100, 200 and 300 g/d. ruminal ssp infusion linearly (p<0.01) and quadratically (p<0.01) increased microbial protein synthesis and rumen ammonia-n concentration. concentrations of total vol ...201325049708
antimicrobial activity of brazilian propolis extracts against rumen bacteria in vitro.the antimicrobial activity of three brazilian propolis extracts was evaluated on bacterial strains representing major rumen functional groups. the extracts were prepared using different concentrations of propolis and alcohol, resulting in different phenolic compositions. the propolis extracts inhibited the growth of fibrobacter succinogenes s85, ruminococcus flavefaciens fd-1, ruminococcus albus 7, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens d1, prevotella albensis m384, peptostreptococcus sp. d1, clostridium ami ...201323653262
proteolytic activity by multiple bacterial species isolated from chronic venous leg ulcers degrades matrix substrates.a major feature of chronic wounds is the loss of tissue, with the exposure of dermal components preventing primary closure and leading to bacterial colonization. bacterial colonization has been proposed as one of the common underlying pathologies present in chronic wounds. the objective of this exploratory study was to identify bacteria cultured from chronic venous leg ulcers and test for proteolytic activity that degrades matrix substrates.201323118301
[progress of research in the relationship between microorganisms and colorectal cancer].colorectal cancer is a common carcinoma of gastrointestinal tract, and its incidence is associated with genetic mutations, environment as well as inflammation. recent studies have shown that many microorganisms may have played an important role in pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. the common bacteria involved in colorectal cancer are streptococcus bovis, helicobacter pylori, escherichia coli, bacteroides, and fusobacterium, etc. the common viruses are polyomavirus, epstein barr virus, cytomegal ...201324277413
streptococcus bovis-related cholecystitis.acute cholecystitis is a common inflammatory condition of the gallbladder caused most commonly by escherichia coli, enterococcus, and klebsiella organisms. streptococcus bovis is a gram-positive, catalase-negative, anaerobic coccus found as a commensal inhabitant of the digestive system in 16% of healthy people. we report a rare case of acute cholecystitis caused by s bovis and discuss its implications with regard to the two known s bovis biotypes (i & ii) both of which are associated with a num ...201323605823
relationship between concentration of lingual antimicrobial peptide and somatic cell count in milk of dairy cows.lingual antimicrobial peptide (lap) belongs to the β-defensin family in cattle and is found in milk. lap concentrations increase in milk from mastitic udders; however, the relationship between lap concentrations and the somatic cell count (scc) in milk remains to be elucidated in detail. therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between lap concentrations and the scc in bovine milk to assess whether lap may be used as an indicator of scc. milk was collected from ...201323528609
use of real-time pcr technique in determination of major fibrolytic and non fibrolytic bacteria present in indian surti buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).in the milk industry in india, buffalo breeds are most commonly used for milk production. efficiency of fiber digestion in ruminants is critical for animal productivity. bacteria play an important role in fiber digestion and utilization. absolute quantification real-time pcr was used to quantify ten bacterial species in rumen fluid of surti buffalo fed green fodder, dry roughage and compound concentrate mixture. abundance of each target taxon was calculated as a fraction of the total 16s rrna ge ...201324053023
daptomycin activity against uncommonly isolated streptococcal and other gram-positive species groups.a total of 1,356 clinical isolates were tested against daptomycin by broth microdilution methods. daptomycin was active against seven groups of viridans group streptococci (mic50 and mic90 values ranging from ≤0.06 and ≤0.06 μg/ml [streptococcus bovis and streptococcus dysgalactiae] to 0.5 and 1 μg/ml [streptococcus mitis, streptococcus oralis, and streptococcus parasanguinis], respectively), beta-hemolytic streptococci serogroups c, f, and g (mic50 and mic90, ≤0.06 to 0.25 and 0.12 to 0.25 μg/m ...201324080651
occurrence of bacteriuria in 18 catheterised cats with obstructive lower urinary tract disease: a pilot study.the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in cats catheterised for an obstructive lower urinary tract disease (lutd) has not previously been evaluated. the objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of significant bacteriuria in cats with obstructive lutd managed for 48 h with a closed urine collection system. eighteen male cats admitted for a non-infectious obstructive lutd were evaluated. this was a prospective study. a standard protocol was used for aseptic cath ...201323400682
efficient synthesis of l-lactic acid from glycerol by metabolically engineered escherichia coli.due to its abundance and low-price, glycerol has become an attractive carbon source for the industrial production of value-added fuels and chemicals. this work reports the engineering of e. coli for the efficient conversion of glycerol into l-lactic acid (l-lactate).201323347598
macedovicin, the second food-grade lantibiotic produced by streptococcus macedonicus aca-dc 198.streptococcus macedonicus aca-dc 198 was found to produce a second lantibiotic named macedovicin in addition to macedocin. macedovicin was purified to homogeneity and mass spectrometric analysis identified a peptide of approximately 3.4 kda. partial n-terminal sequence analysis and tandem mass spectrometry revealed that macedovicin was identical to bovicin hj50 and thermophilin 1277 produced by streptococcus bovis and streptococcus thermophilus, respectively. macedovicin inhibits a broad spectru ...201323122510
anaerobic bioremediation of rdx by ovine whole rumen fluid and pure culture isolates.the ability of ruminal microbes to degrade the explosive compound hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (rdx) in ovine whole rumen fluid (wrf) and as 24 bacterial isolates was examined under anaerobic conditions. compound degradation was monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identification of metabolites. organisms in wrf microcosms degraded 180 μm rdx within 4 h. nitroso-intermediates hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-di ...201322688904
potentiation by metal ions of the efficacy of the ionophores, monensin and tetronasin, towards four species of ruminal bacteria.concentrations of na(+), k(+) and ca(2+) in the growth medium were varied within limits normally found in vivo to determine how cation concentrations affect the sensitivity of ruminal bacteria to the ionophores, monensin (a na(+)/h(+) and k(+)/h(+) exchanger) and tetronasin (ca(2+)/h(+)). high [na(+)] (172 mm cf. 137 mm in control medium) enhanced the efficacy of monensin towards eubacterium ruminantium 2388, streptococcus bovis c277, lactobacillus casei lb17 and prevotella albensis m384. high [ ...201323210858
effects of hop varieties on ruminal fermentation and bacterial community in an artificial rumen (rusitec).there is a growing interest in the use of hops (humulus lupulus) as an alternative to antibiotics to manipulate ruminal fermentation. however, the effects of different hop varieties on ruminal fermentation and bacterial populations have not been studied. here the effects of three hop varieties, cascade (cas), millennium (mil) and teamaker (tm), at a level of 800 µg ml(-1) inoculum on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations in an artificial rumen system (rusitec) fed a barley silage-based ...201322692875
short communication: comparison of ph, volatile fatty acids, and microbiome of rumen samples from preweaned calves obtained via cannula or stomach tube.the objective of this study was to compare rumen samples from young dairy calves obtained via a stomach tube (st) or a ruminal cannula (rc). five male holstein calves (46±4.0 kg of body weight and 11±4.9 d of age) were ruminally cannulated at 15 d of age. calves received 4 l/d of a commercial milk replacer (25% crude protein and 19.2% fat) at 12.5% dry matter, and were provided concentrate and chopped oats hay ad libitum throughout the study (56 d). in total, 29 paired rumen samples were obtaine ...201323706486
direct production of organic acids from starch by cell surface-engineered corynebacterium glutamicum in anaerobic conditions.we produced organic acids, including lactate and succinate, directly from soluble starch under anaerobic conditions using high cell-density cultures of corynebacterium glutamicum displaying α-amylase (amya) from streptococcus bovis 148 on the cell surface. notably, reactions performed under anaerobic conditions at 35 and 40°c, which are higher than the optimal growth temperature of 30°c, showed 32% and 19%, respectively, higher productivity of the organic acids lactate, succinate, and acetate co ...201324342107
splenic abscess caused by streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus as presentation of a pancreatic cancer.splenic abscesses caused by streptococcus bovis are rarely reported in the literature and are mainly seen in patients with endocarditis and associated colonic neoplasia/carcinoma. we report the first case of splenic abscess caused by streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus (streptococcus bovis biotype ii/2) as presentation of a pancreatic cancer.201324025909
correlation among streptococcus bovis, endocarditis and septicemia in a patient with advanced colon cancer: a case report.one of the bacterial agents that has been found to be associated with colorectal cancer is streptococcus bovis, with 13% of infective endocarditis cases caused by this pathogenic species.201323855909
the itinerary of streptococcus gallolyticus infection in patients with colonic malignant disease.bacteria constitute about 90% of all cells in the human body. the densest and most complex bacterial community is in the large intestine. this population is quite stable in healthy intestines, but intestinal disease distorts the ecological balance and induces dysbiosis. results of studies have indicated that the epithelial and metabolic changes that occur with colorectal cancer provide a competitive advantage to a subset of intestinal bacteria. strikingly, however, streptococcus gallolyticus gal ...201323831427
streptococcus bovis/streptococcus equinus complex fecal carriage, colorectal carcinoma, and infective endocarditis: a new appraisal of a complex connection.the proportion of group d streptococcal infective endocarditis (ie) (predominantly due to streptococcus gallolyticus) and the incidence of colorectal cancer are higher in france than in most european countries. we assumed that this could be explained by a high group d streptococci (gds) fecal carriage rate. the aims of this study were to re-assess the gds fecal carriage rate in france and its relationship with colorectal cancer. consecutive adult subjects who were to undergo a complete colonosco ...201323558362
association of streptococcus bovis endocarditis and advanced colorectal neoplasia: a case-control study.to study the association between streptococcus bovis (s. bovis) endocarditis and advanced colorectal neoplasia.201323551389
competence for natural genetic transformation in the streptococcus bovis group streptococci s. infantarius and s. macedonicus.natural genetic transformation is common among many species of the genus streptococcus, but it has never, or rarely, been reported for the streptococcus pyogenes and s. bovis groups of species, even though many streptococcal competence genes and the competence regulators sigx, comr, and coms are well conserved in both groups. to explore the incidence of competence in the s. bovis group, 25 isolates of s. infantarius and s. macedonicus were surveyed by employing culture in chemically defined medi ...201323543718
comparative genome analysis of streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius cj18, an african fermented camel milk isolate with adaptations to dairy environment.streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius (sii) belongs to the streptococcus bovis/streptococcus equinus complex associated with several human and animal infections. sii is a predominant bacterium in spontaneously fermented milk products in africa. the genome sequence of sii strain cj18 was compared with that of other streptococcus species to identify dairy adaptations including genome decay such as in streptococcus thermophilus, traits for its competitiveness in spontaneous milk fermentation ...201323521820
the diagnostic utility of transthoracic echocardiography for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis in the real world of the italian registry on infective endocarditis.the choice of the imaging modality (transthoracic [tte] vs. transesophageal echocardiography [tee]) for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis (ie) depends on different variables. aim of the present study is to provide updated data on the diagnostic sensitivity and the clinical usefulness of tte vs. tee from the italian registry on ie (riei).201323489364
[streptococcus bovis, taxonomic status, clinical relevance and antimicrobial susceptibility].streptococcus bovis is a large bacterial complex of facultative anaerobic gram-positive cocci that includes distinct, genetically-related species. traditionally, s. bovis was classified into three biotypes: i (mannitol fermentation-positive), ii/1 (mannitol-negative and β-glucuronidase-negative), and ii/2 (mannitol-negative and β-glucuronidase-positive). the introduction of molecular techniques in the last few decades has led to proposals for a genetic classification of this complex: s. bovis bi ...201323453226
early in vitro and in vivo development of high-level daptomycin resistance is common in mitis group streptococci after exposure to daptomycin.the development of high-level daptomycin resistance (hldr; mic of ≥ 256 mg/liter) after exposure to daptomycin has recently been reported in viridans group streptococcus (vgs) isolates. our study objectives were as follows: to know whether in vitro development of hldr after exposure to daptomycin was common among clinical isolates of vgs and streptococcus bovis; to determine whether hldr also developed during the administration of daptomycin to treat experimental endocarditis caused by the dapto ...201323478959
the increasing incidence of streptococcus bovis endocarditis: a new york dairy farmer with epidural abscess. 201323462630
long-term clinical outcomes after streptococcus bovis isolation in asymptomatic blood donors in hong kong.risk of transfusion-transmitted bacterial sepsis has been substantially reduced by a bacterial surveillance program (bst). however, new problems emerge as asymptomatic bacteremia is detected in blood donors. streptococcus bovis bacteremia, which is known to associate with infective endocarditis and colonic carcinoma, is an example.201323347218
the relationship between the new taxonomy of streptococcus bovis and its clonality to colon cancer, endocarditis, and biliary disease.the nomenclature of streptococcus bovis has changed. the study aims were to examine and compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of infections based on the new taxonomy and the genetic relatedness of strains.201322886774
a giant pseudoaneurysm of the forearm as unusual complication of bacterial endocarditis.a 59-year-old man with fever was diagnosed with endocarditis due to streptococcus bovis. two weeks after antibiotic therapy was started, he presented with red and painful swelling of the forearm without any sign of systemic inflammation. a giant hematoma connected to the radial artery was detected with ultrasound. surgical intervention with the removal of multiple, sterile clots from the hematoma was performed, and the multiple lacerations of the artery detected were corrected. this is the first ...201324191229
prevalence and comparison of streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius and streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus in raw and fermented dairy products from east and west africa.streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius (sii) and streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus are members of the streptococcus bovis/streptococcus equinus complex (sbsec) associated with human infections. sbsec-related endocarditis was furthermore associated with rural residency in southern europe. sbsec members are increasingly isolated as predominant species from fermented dairy products in europe, asia and africa. african variants of sii displayed dairy adaptations to lactose metabolis ...201324131584
progress in the development of vaccines against rumen methanogens.vaccination against rumen methanogens offers a practical approach to reduce methane emissions in livestock, particularly ruminants grazing on pasture. although successful vaccination strategies have been reported for reducing the activity of the rumen-dwelling organism streptococcus bovis in sheep and s. bovis and lactobacillus spp. in cattle, earlier approaches using vaccines based on whole methanogen cells to reduce methane production in sheep have produced less promising results. an anti-meth ...201323739467
late streptococcus bovis infection of total knee replacement complicated by infective endocarditis and associated with colonic ulcers.streptococcus bovis is rare cause of late infections after total knee replacement (tkr). this report presents a case of confirmed late septic arthritis following tkr caused by s bovis that was further complicated with infective endocarditis resulting in aortic valve insufficiency in an immunecompetent patient. as an association between s bovis and gastrointestinal malignancies is suggested, a workup for such malignancies was performed that revealed non-malignant ulcers in patient's ascending col ...201323744853
characterization of the core rumen microbiome in cattle during transition from forage to concentrate as well as during and after an acidotic challenge.this study investigated the effect of diet and host on the rumen bacterial microbiome and the impact of an acidotic challenge on its composition. using parallel pyrosequencing of the v3 hypervariable region of 16s rrna gene, solid and liquid associated bacterial communities of 8 heifers were profiled. heifers were exclusively fed forage, before being transitioned to a concentrate diet, subjected to an acidotic challenge and allowed to recover. samples of rumen digesta were collected when heifers ...201324391765
fermentation of alfalfa wet-fractionation liquids to volatile fatty acids by streptococcus bovis and megasphaera elsdenii."green juice", obtained by squeezing fresh alfalfa leaves inoculated with lactic acid bacteria, was fermented at room temperature for 7-21 d to obtain 12-47 g lactic acid l(-1). inoculation of green juice with streptococcus bovis and incubation at 39°c reduced fermentation time to 8-12h. the resulting "brown juice" from either fermentation had a ph of ∼4.5 and a protein precipitate. upon adjustment to ph 5.2-6.8 and inoculation with megasphaera elsdenii, brown juice was fermented within 48 h to ...201323732922
meningitis associated with strongyloidiasis in an area endemic for strongyloidiasis and human t-lymphotropic virus-1: a single-center experience in japan between 1990 and 2010.meningitis caused by enteric flora is a known complication of strongyloidiasis, and human t-lymphotropic virus-1 (htlv-1) predisposes individuals to severe strongyloidiasis. we reviewed the clinical features of bacterial meningitis associated with strongyloidiasis seen at a single center in subtropical japan, in an area endemic for both strongyloidiasis and htlv-1. we found 33 episodes in 21 patients between 1990 and 2010. the results were remarkable for the high incidence of meningitis due to g ...201323761268
isolation and characterization of the microflora of nixtamalized corn masa.corn tortillas are a staple in the diet among the mexican population, and are traditionally produced through a process known as nixtamalization. this traditional process involves steeping whole-kernel corn in an alkaline solution overnight and then grinding the corn into dough (masa), which is then baked. while the masa is held before baking, significant microbial change can occur which leads to fermentation and spoilage. the objective of this research was to characterize and identify the microf ...201323803568
construction of isogenic mutants in streptococcus gallolyticus based on the development of new mobilizable vectors.streptococcus gallolyticus is an emerging cause of infective endocarditis that has been epidemiologically linked to colorectal cancer. s. gallolyticus is poorly transformable using electroporation and no defined mutant has been published yet. hence, we used mobilization to introduce plasmid dna from streptococcus agalactiae into s. gallolyticus using the transfer origin of the conjugative element tngbs1 (orittngbs1), followed by a classical homologous recombination technique. two isogenic mutant ...201324157486
effects of an extract of plant flavonoids (bioflavex) on rumen fermentation and performance in heifers fed high-concentrate diets.to study the effects of an extract of plant flavonoids [bioflavex (fl)] in cattle fed high-concentrate diets, 2 experiments were designed. in the first experiment, the effects of bioflavex on the development of rumen acidosis was evaluated in 8 holstein-friesian crossbreed heifers (451 kg; sem 14.3 kg of bw) using a crossover design. each experimental period lasted 22 d; from d 1 to 20, the animals were fed rye grass, on d 21 the animals were fasted, and on d 22, rumen acidosis was induced by ap ...201222829622
the increasing incidence of streptococcus bovis endocarditis and bacteraemia: a case series from 1997 to 2010. 201222738785
interaction with lipid ii induces conformational changes in bovicin hc5 structure.bovicin hc5 is a lantibiotic produced by streptococcus bovis hc5 that targets the cell wall precursor lipid ii. an understanding of the modes of action against target bacteria can help broadening the clinical applicability of lantibiotics in human and veterinary medicine. in this study, the interaction of bovicin hc5 with lipid ii was examined using tryptophan fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy with model membrane systems that do or do not allow pore formation by bovicin hc5. in th ...201222687503
association between bacteremia due to streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (streptococcus bovis i) and colorectal neoplasia: a case-control study.the association between bacteremia by streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (sgg) and colorectal neoplasia (crn) is well established but the frequency of the association varies widely in different studies. we conducted a case-control study to assess the association between sgg bacteremia and crn.201222563018
life-threatening rhabdomyolysis induced by streptococcus bovis sepsis in a 6-year-old girl presented to the pediatric emergency department.streptococcus bovis infection is an uncommon disease during infancy and childhood. rhabdomyolysis is frequently a complication of a viral infection in children and typically has a benign course. it has rarely been reported as a complication in cases of bacterial infection, especially those caused by s. bovis. we describe a case of life-threatening rhabdomyolysis after a bacterial infection caused by s. bovis sepsis in a previously healthy 6-year-old girl who presented to our pediatric emergency ...201222561321
novel streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius variants harboring lactose metabolism genes homologous to streptococcus thermophilus.streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius belongs to the streptococcus bovis/streptococcus equinus complex (sbsec) commonly associated with human and animal infections. we elucidated the lactose metabolism of s. infantarius subsp. infantarius predominant in african fermented milk products. s. infantarius subsp. infantarius isolates (n = 192) were identified in 88% of spontaneously fermented camel milk suusac samples (n = 24) from kenya and somalia at log₁₀ 8.2-8.5 cfu ml⁻¹. african s. infanta ...201222475940
streptococcus bovis endocarditis and colon cancer: myth or reality? a case report and literature review.a relationship between infective endocarditis and colon cancer was established in 1950, and streptococcus bovis was successfully isolated in 1970. however, this association and its pathogenesis still remain unclear. in this paper, we describe the clinical case of a patient with a history of colon cancer and infective endocarditis caused by streptococcus bovis. the role of s bovis as an aetiological agent in the development of colon cancer is intriguing but uncertain. s bovis infection should be ...201223220436
complete genome sequence of the african dairy isolate streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius strain cj18.streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius, a member of the streptococcus bovis/streptococcus equinus complex, is highly prevalent in artisanal dairy fermentations in africa. here the complete genome sequence of the dairy-adapted s. infantarius subsp. infantarius cj18 strain--a strain predominant in traditionally fermented camel milk (suusac) from kenya--is presented.201222461547
effects of the oral administration of viable and heat-killed streptococcus bovis hc5 cells to pre-sensitized balb/c mice.antimicrobial peptides have been suggested as an alternative to classical antibiotics in livestock production and bacteriocin-producing bacteria could be added to animal feeds to deliver bacteriocins in the gastrointestinal (gi) tract of ruminant and monogastric animals. in this study, viable (v) and heat-killed (hk) streptococcus bovis hc5 cells were orally administered to pre-sensitized mice in order to assess the effects of a bacteriocin-producing bacteria on histological parameters and the i ...201223144752
[is it necessary to identify the isolates of the streptococcus bovis group correctly at subspecies level?]. 201222405138
[diseases associated with bloodstream infections caused by the new species included in the old streptococcus bovis group].we sought to identify possible diseases associated with bloodstream infections caused by new species of s. bovis group isolated in blood cultures and by studying patient records201222377494
subtyping of streptococcus bovis group bacteria is needed to fully understand the clinical value of streptococcus gallolyticus (s. bovis biotype i) infection as early sign of colonic malignancy. 201222340452
[streptococcus bovis bacteremia. what explorations should be performed?]. 201222257610
significant bacterial contamination risk reduction with the use of diversion pouch.significant efforts have been made towards bacterial risk minimization by limiting the chance of bacteria entering into collected blood, detecting its presence and eliminating them by pathogen reduction technology. improved skin disinfection and the use of diversion pouch are effective upstream measures to reduce the risk of bacterial sepsis. here we report on our experience with the use of blood bags with diversion pouch.201223036088
efficient and direct identification of fructose fermenting and non-fermenting bacteria from calf gut microbiota using stable isotope probing and modified t-rflp.the aim of this study was the development of an efficient method to identify the prebiotics-assimilating-bacteria in gut microbiota using dna-stable isotope probing (dna-sip) technology. for efficient probing of microbiota with stable isotopes, a small-scale repeated batch culture using a low-carbon-source-containing medium was developed. fecal samples from cattle were inoculated and [u-(13)c]-fructose was applied to the culture after 24 h stabilization. organic acid production, ph value of the ...201222990490
A Longitudinal Case Series Description of Meningitis Due to Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus in Infants.Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus, previously known as Streptococcus bovis biotype II.2, is known to cause multiple infectious complications, including bacterial meningitis, in adults. Only sporadic individual case reports have identified this pathogen as a cause of meningitis in infants. This study is the first to longitudinally document S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus as a cause of meningitis in four epidemiologically unrelated infants less than 2 weeks of age. The 16S rRNA ge ...201222075594
A novel multiplex PCR/RFLP assay for the identification of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex members from dairy microbial communities based on the 16S rRNA gene.The Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) comprises pathogenic species associated with different degrees with human infections but also spontaneously fermented dairy products. We aimed therefore at developing a specific identification assay for the SBSEC targeting the 16S rRNA gene comprising a multiplex PCR followed by a differentiating restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). The multiplex PCR assay was positively applied on 200 SBSEC isolates including reference s ...201222092382
cow teat skin, a potential source of diverse microbial populations for cheese production.the diversity of the microbial community on cow teat skin was evaluated using a culture-dependent method based on the use of different dairy-specific media, followed by the identification of isolates by 16s rrna gene sequencing. this was combined with a direct molecular approach by cloning and 16s rrna gene sequencing. this study highlighted the large diversity of the bacterial community that may be found on teat skin, where 79.8% of clones corresponded to various unidentified species as well as ...201222081572
molecular characterization of a novel mosaic tet(s/m) gene encoding tetracycline resistance in foodborne strains of streptococcus bovis.the presence of antibiotic-resistance (ar) genes in foodborne bacteria of enteric origin represents a relevant threat to human health in the case of opportunistic pathogens, which can reach the human gut through the food chain. streptococcus bovis is a human opportunistic pathogen often associated with infections in immune-compromised or cancer patients, and it can also be detected in the environment, including fermented foods. we have focused on the molecular characterization of a tetracycline ...201222723288
a fibrolytic enzyme additive for lactating holstein cow diets: ruminal fermentation, rumen microbial populations, and enteric methane emissions.the objective was to determine if supplementing a dairy cow diet with an exogenous fibrolytic enzyme additive (econase rde; ab vista, marlborough, wiltshire, uk) altered fermentation, ph, and microbial populations in the rumen or enteric methane (ch(4)) emissions. in a companion study, this enzyme additive improved efficiency of fat-corrected milk production in a dose-dependent manner by up to 11% for early lactation dairy cows. nine ruminally cannulated, lactating holstein cows were used in a r ...201222365224
[endocarditis caused by rare gram-positive bacteria: investigate for gastrointestinal disorders].gemella haemolysans, streptococcus equinus and tropheryma whipplei are rare gram-positive bacteria which may cause endocarditis and are associated with gastrointestinal disorders. we report on three patients with infective endocarditis caused by these microorganisms. g. haemolysans and s. equinus (streptococcus bovis group) were isolated from blood cultures, and t. whipplei was diagnosed by molecular typing of an excised heart valve. the association between endocarditis caused by these microorga ...201222607842
comparison of nitroethane, 2-nitro-1-propanol, lauric acid, lauricidin® and the hawaiian marine algae, chaetoceros, for potential broad-spectrum control of anaerobically grown lactic acid bacteria.the gastrointestinal tract of bovines often contains bacteria that contribute to disorders of the rumen, and may also contain foodborne or opportunistic human pathogens as well as bacteria capable of causing mastitis in cows. thus there is a need to develop broad-spectrum therapies that are effective while not leading to unacceptably long antibiotic withdrawal times. the effects of the ch(4)-inhibitors nitroethane (2 mg/ml), 2-nitro-1-propanol (2 mg/ml), lauric acid (5 mg/ml), the commercial pro ...201222428888
early onset neonatal bacterial meningitis caused by streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. paste urianus.we report a case of neonatal meningitis due to streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus born to a mother with an asymptomatic urinary tract infection due to streptococcus group d and escherichia coli. in the past, this organism may have been reported as streptococcus bovis or s. bovis biotype ii/2. accurate identification of this organism is necessary to determine the etiology of infection and give correct treatment of neonatal meningitis, caused by this organism.201223082565
catalytic efficiency diversification of duplicate β-1,3-1,4-glucanases from neocallimastix patriciarum j11.four types of β-1,3-1,4 glucanase (β-glucanase, ec 3.2.1.73) genes, designated bgla13, bgla16, bgla51, and bglm2, were found in the cdna library of neocallimastix patriciarum j11. all were highly homologous with each other and demonstrated a close phylogenetic relationship with and a similar codon bias to streptococcus equinus. the presence of expansion and several predicted secondary structures in the 3' untranslated regions (3'utrs) of bgla16 and bglm2 suggest that these two genes were duplica ...201222492445
oral and airway microbiota in hiv-infected pneumonia patients.despite the increased frequency of recurrent pneumonia in hiv-infected patients and recent studies linking the airway bacterial community (microbiota) to acute and chronic respiratory infection, little is known of the oral and airway microbiota that exist in these individuals and their propensity to harbor pathogens despite antimicrobial treatment for acute pneumonia. this pilot study compared paired samples of the oral and airway microbiota from 15 hospitalized hiv-infected patients receiving a ...201222760045
the correlation between composition of the bacterial community and concentration of volatile fatty acids in the rumen during the transition period and ketosis in dairy cows.the transition period is a severe challenge to dairy cows. glucose supply cannot meet demand and body fat is mobilized, potentially leading to negative energy balance (neb), ketosis or fatty liver. propionate produces glucose by gluconeogenesis, which generation depends heavily on the number and species of microbes. in present study we analyzed the rumen microbiome composition of cows in the transition period, cows with ketosis and non-perinatal cows using terminal restriction fragment length po ...201222267666
particularities in diagnosis and treatment for infectious endocarditis in children.infectious endocarditis (ie) represents a rare pathology in children, but with lethal potential. the goal of the therapy is fast and total eradication of the infection.201223700883
streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus meningitis in an infant: a case report and literature review.a case of 6-week-old male infant with meningitis and concurrent bacteremia caused by streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus (streptococcus bovis biotype 11.2) is presented. the isolates were susceptible to all beta-lactam antibiotics. nevertheless, delayed defervescence and lack of satisfactory clinical improvement after treatment with multiple beta-lactam antibiotics prompted the combination therapy of vancomycin and penicillin g. the patient completed a 2-week course of antibiotics ...201223390793
effects of a combination of hinokitiol (β-thujaplicin) and an organic acid mixture on ruminal fermentation in heifers fed a high-grain diet.this study evaluated the effects of hinokitiol (a natural antibacterial compound extracted from thujopsis dolabrata var. hondai) and an organic acid mixture (citrate content 50%) on ruminal fermentation. antibacterial properties were examined by measuring minimal inhibitory concentration. hinokitiol at 1.56 µg/ml or an organic acid mixture at 1600 µg/ml inhibited streptococcus bovis growth. the combination of 0.78 µg/ml hinokitiol and 200 µg/ml of an organic acid mixture also inhibited s. bovis ...201222250737
[role of infectious agents in the emergence of malignant tumors].according to the data of the international agency for research on cancer (iarc), at least 6 virus species (hpv, ebv, hhv-8/kshv, htlv-1, hbv, hcv), 4 helminthes species (schistosoma haematobium and japonicum, opisthorchis viverrini, clonorchis sinensis) and i bacterium species (helicobacter pylori) have been proved to be capable of causing the development of cancer. the analysis of the data available shows that merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv), herpes simplex virus (hsv), john cunningham polyomavi ...201223163048
lipopeptide biosurfactants from paenibacillus polymyxa inhibit single and mixed species biofilms.although biofilms are recognised as important in microbial colonisation, solutions to their inhibition are predominantly based on planktonic assays. these solutions have limited efficacy against biofilms. here, a series of biofilm-orientated tests were used to identify anti-biofilm compounds from marine micro-flora. this led to the isolation of a complex of anti-biofilm compounds from an extract of paenibacillus polymyxa (ppe). a combination of rphplc and mass spectrometry identified the princip ...201223113815
[streptococcus bovis endocarditis that presented a difficulty in differentiating from urinary tract infection and collagen disease]. 201122479729
streptococcus bovis isolated in haemoculture a signal of malignant lesion of the colon.s. bovis is known for causing bacteremia and endocarditis as well as accompanying malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. hence, identification of this species and recognition of the clinical characteristics of infections caused are essential for both therapy and prognosis. s. bovis isolated from haemoculture requires an immediate search for gastrointestinal tract lesions.201122239034
how a bowel tumour led to meningitis.this report summarises a case history in which a 75-year-old man was admitted with bacterial meningitis caused by streptococcus bovis. a subsequent abdominal investigation in the light of the known association between invasive s bovis infection and colonic cancer confirmed the suspicion of a cancer located to the rectum. the patient died from clostridium difficile enterocolitis with sepsis and multi-organ failure. this is a highly relevant and interesting case presentation, which besides providi ...201122692778
infective endocarditis due to streptococcus gallolyticus associated with colonic displasia.streptococcus gallolyticus is a microorganism belonging to the streptococcus bovis i group isolated in humans, bovines and equines pigeons, among other animals. streptococcus bovis is a streptococcus strain found in the rumen, and has been isolated in the milk of animals with mastitis. the authors describe a case of an adult immunocompetent patient with underlying valvular heart disease, with bacteraemia and infective endocarditis by streptococcus gallolyticus, in whom adenomatous colonic polyps ...201122521029
getting to the heart of rectal bleeding: subacute bacterial endocarditis presenting as anaemia and a gi bleed.in this case report, the authors demonstrate a case of subacute bacterial endocarditis presenting with anaemia. it is the first of its kind to describe a delay in diagnosis due to an initial patient investigation for a bleed rather than a cardiac evaluation. astute clinicians need to be aware of the causes of anaemia in patients with endocarditis and consider that in streptococcus bovis (s bovis) infection can be related to gastrointestinal polyps or malignancy resulting in bleeding. although pa ...201122674949
increased dietary zinc oxide changes the bacterial core and enterobacterial composition in the ileum of piglets.this study was conducted to investigate the effects of increased dietary zno on the bacterial core and enterobacterial composition in the small intestine of piglets that were fed diets containing a total of 124 or 3,042 mg of zn per kilogram of diet, respectively. zinc was supplemented to the basal diet as zno. bacterial 16s rrna genes of ileal dna extracts were pcr-amplified with 2 bar-coded primer sets and sequenced by 454 pyrosequencing. the bacterial core species were calculated from the rel ...201121383037
isolation of streptococcus bovis from apheresis platelets of asymptomatic donor warranted colonoscopy investigation: case report and literature review.bacterial contamination of platelet (plt) products is one of the most serious complications of transfusion. culturing plt components may detect the presence of bacteria, thus reducing the risk of a septic result after transfusion. streptococcus bovis has previously been reported as a contaminating microorganism in plt products. here we report an asymptomatic donor diagnosed with occult colon malignancy after positive isolation of s. bovis from his apheresis plts (aps). we also review previous ca ...201121392018
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