| chorioamnionitis and intraamniotic infection. | intraamniotic infection is a common (2-4%) event in labor. the predictors of iai include preterm labor or rupture of membranes, abnormal vaginal flora (e.g., gbs, sexually transmitted disease, bacterial vaginosis), obstetric manipulations (e.g., vaginal exams, internal fetal monitoring) in the presence of ruptured membranes, and diminished host response (due to smoking, drug abuse, obesity, immunodeficiency states, etc.). group b streptococcus and enterobacteriaceae are the most important organi ... | 1993 | 8293582 |
| group b streptococcal disease in the perinatal period. | group b streptococcus is the major cause of neonatal sepsis in the united states. it is estimated that 2,000 infants die annually of syndromes related to group b streptococcus infection. in the early-onset syndrome, transmission is from mother to child, either in utero or during birth. pneumonia is the most common presentation in infants who develop symptoms during the first seven days of life. the principal manifestation of late-onset infection is meningitis, which occurs in 85 percent of this ... | 1994 | 8304264 |
| [case report: suppurative arthritis due to group b streptococcus in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis]. | a 62-year-old woman, who had been diagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis (ra) with systemic amyloidosis and diabetes mellitus, was admitted to our hospital because of polyarthralgia on october 1, 1987. she had some subcutaneous nodules and rheumatic pleural effusion. therefore she was treated with 20 milligrams of prednisolone (psl) daily. on the ninth day after the beginning of steroid therapy, she complained of severe pain and a new swelling in her right knee joint. the knee joint aspirate o ... | 1993 | 8315303 |
| evaluation of pharmacia chlamydia eia for diagnosis of genital infections caused by chlamydia trachomatis. | a new enzyme-immunoassay test (eia), pharmacia chlamydia eia, was evaluated in comparison with isolation in cell culture for the diagnosis of genital infections caused by chlamydia trachomatis. endocervical and endourethral specimens were collected from 913 patients (875 female and 38 male patients respectively). sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values for this test were 89.4%, 99.2%, 85.8% and 99.4% respectively. where discrepancies between the 2 techniques ... | 1993 | 8316503 |
| capsular type-specific polysaccharide partially inhibits group b streptococcus-induced pulmonary hypertension. | capsular type-specific polysaccharide is thought to be an important pathogenetic factor in group b streptococcus (gbs) sepsis. to determine the effects of capsular type-specific polysaccharide on gbs-induced hemodynamic responses, anesthetized infant piglets were infused for 3 h with three related gbs type lb strains that express different amounts of capsular type-specific polysaccharide. a larger capsule strain and a smaller capsule strain were isolated from an infected infant and its mother, r ... | 1993 | 8317791 |
| secular trends in rates and etiology of nosocomial urinary tract infections at a university hospital. | to examine changing trends in the microbial etiology of nosocomial urinary tract infections, we reviewed culture data from a surveillance database for the calendar years 1982 to 1991. the overall rates of nosocomial urinary tract infections have increased significantly during the last decade from 2.63 per 1,000 patient-days to 4.35 per 1,000 patient-days (p = 0.0023). for specific isolates the rates of yeasts, klebsiella pneumoniae and group b streptococcus have increased significantly during th ... | 1993 | 8326566 |
| antimicrobial treatment of occult bacteremia: a multicenter cooperative study. | this prospective multicenter study was conducted to define more clearly clinical and laboratory criteria that predict a strong probability of occult bacteremia and to evaluate the effect of empiric broad spectrum antimicrobial treatment of these children. children 3 to 36 months old with fever > or = 40 degrees c (104 degrees f) or, > or = 39.5 degrees c (103 degrees f) with white blood cells (wbc) > or = 15 x 10(9)/liter, and no focus of infection had blood cultures obtained and were randomized ... | 1993 | 8345978 |
| outbreak of early onset group b streptococcal sepsis. | during january and august, 1990, 23 cases of early onset group b streptococcus (gbs) disease occurred in a kansas city, mo, hospital with an attack rate of 14/1000 live births, compared with an annual rate of 1.2 cases/1000 live births for 1988 through 1989. case infants were compared with controls matched by birth weight, race, maternal age and day of delivery and to a second group of infants of mothers colonized with gbs to identify risk factors and consider intervention strategies during the ... | 1993 | 8345997 |
| intrapartum transmission of group a streptococcus. | intrapartum transmission of group a streptococcus has not been well documented. as the incidence of severe infections due to this organism has recently increased, it is important to assess if such transmission occurs. we observed two cases of severe neonatal infections due to group a streptococcus, one of which was fatal, that appeared to have been transmitted from the mother during birth. perinatal prophylaxis, which has been recommended for infections due to group b streptococcus, should be ev ... | 1993 | 8353251 |
| acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in the neonate, risk factors and outcome. | twenty-two neonates with acute osteomyelitis (ao) or septic arthritis (sa) were included in a study based on a review of medical reports and a long-term clinical and radiological follow up. clinical symptoms, bacteriology, risk factors, and outcome are discussed. the diagnoses were difficult, the clinical symptoms vague, fever rare and white cell count normal. detection by plain radiological films was more efficient than by radionuclide bone scan. staphylococcus aureus was the predominant causat ... | 1993 | 8354317 |
| [colonization by streptococcus group b in full term pregnancy and newborns in a community in venezuela]. | the aim of this study was to define the incidence of cervico-vaginal colonization by group b streptococcus (sgb) in full term pregnancy as well as vertical and horizontal transmission in newborns attended in two public hospitals in valencia, venezuela. | 1993 | 8347700 |
| group b streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome: report of a case and purification of an associated pyrogenic toxin. | a patient with streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (tsls) caused by streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) is described. the patient had all of the defining criteria for toxic shock syndrome (tss), including fever, hypotension, erythematous rash, desquamation, and involvement of multiple organs. neither staphylococcus aureus nor group a streptococci were recovered, but vaginal and urine cultures yielded group b streptococci. the group b streptococcal isolate gave negative results i ... | 1993 | 8353243 |
| purulent pericarditis caused by group b streptococcus with pericardial tamponade. | | 1993 | 8362737 |
| group b streptococcus serotype v. | | 1993 | 8355135 |
| identification of cpsd, a gene essential for type iii capsule expression in group b streptococci. | we showed previously that a mutant strain of group b streptococcus (gbs) defective in capsule production was avirulent. this study describes the derivation of an unencapsulated mutant from a highly encapsulated wild-type strain of type iii gbs, coh1, by transposon mutagenesis with tn916 delta e. the mutant, coh1-13, was sensitive to phagocytic killing by human leukocytes in vitro and was relatively avirulent in a neonatal rat sepsis model compared with the wild-type strain. no capsular polysacch ... | 1993 | 8355611 |
| significance of serial c-reactive protein responses in neonatal infection and other disorders. | this study was performed to determine prospectively whether, in the presence of proved or presumed bacterial infection, the sensitivity of serum c-reactive protein (crp) response could be enhanced by serial rather than single determinations. we also sought to assess crp responses to clinically identified noninfectious disorders. | 1993 | 8361798 |
| neonatal bacterial septicemia in a tropical area. four-year experience in guadeloupe (french west indies). | during a four-year study (1987-1990) at the neonatal department, university hospital pointe-à-pitre (french west indies), blood culture was systematically performed on all admitted newborns. the incidence of septicemia was 48 of 1000 admissions and 8.9 of 1000 inborn live births. among the 107 neonatal positive blood cultures, group b streptococcus accounted for 37% of blood culture isolates and was the most frequent cause of septicemia. the overall mortality rate was 8.4%. the incidence of neon ... | 1993 | 8374220 |
| group b streptococcus (agalactiae) peritonitis and bacteremia associated with capd. | | 1993 | 8369359 |
| adverse perinatal outcome and resistant enterobacteriaceae after antibiotic usage for premature rupture of the membranes and group b streptococcus carriage. | to report a case series of adverse perinatal outcomes associated with resistant enterobacteriaceae after antibiotic usage for premature rupture of the membranes (prom) and group b streptococcus. | 1993 | 8377968 |
| false-negative urine latex particle agglutination testing in neonates with group b streptococcal bacteremia. a function of improper test implementation? | although blood cultures remain the most specific indicator of group b streptococcus (gbs) sepsis, a potentially life-threatening infection in neonates, test results may not be available for 24 to 48 hours. detection of gbs antigen in the urine by latex particle agglutination (lpa) may speed diagnosis. this study analyzed the sensitivity of the gbs urine lpa assay under clinical conditions. the urine of neonates with early-onset gbs bacteremia was analyzed for gbs antigen over a three-year period ... | 1993 | 8403745 |
| effect of group b streptococcal sepsis on diaphragmatic function in young piglets. | recent studies indicate that diaphragmatic pressure generation (pdi) is impaired by bacterial infection. however, group b streptococcus (gbs) had no effect on pdi when infused into 4-wk-old piglets. as responsiveness to gbs is age-dependent, we therefore studied the acute effect of gbs infusion on pdi, using a younger, 2-wk-old piglet model. using trans-pdi with phrenic nerve stimulation, we studied the effect of continuous gbs infusion in seven anesthetized, spontaneously breathing 2-wk-old pig ... | 1993 | 8433854 |
| group b streptococcal infections during pregnancy. | group b streptococcus, acquired intrapartum from the female genital tract, is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis. intrapartum maternal antibiotic prophylaxis administered to colonized parturients is efficacious in reducing neonatal colonization and morbidity. however, the optimal method of identifying mother-infant pairs at risk remains controversial. universal antenatal screening has been effective in identifying colonized women for subsequent intrapartum therapy in research protocols. howeve ... | 1993 | 8400049 |
| effect of inhaled nitric oxide during group b streptococcal sepsis in piglets. | group b streptococcus (gbs), a common gram-positive pathogen, causes similar pathophysiologic changes in newborn humans and animals. infusion of gbs into neonatal animals produces pulmonary hypertension and ventilation/perfusion (va/q) mismatch in both early-phase (< 1 h) and late-phase (2 to 6 h) responses. contrary to early phase, late phase causes pulmonary vascular injury. nitric oxide (no) is an inhaled vasodilator whose effect on pulmonary hypertension and va/q matching during early and la ... | 1993 | 8484613 |
| group b streptococcus as a cause of neonatal bullous skin lesions. | | 1993 | 8426780 |
| hyperimmune human igg or recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as adjunctive therapy for group b streptococcal sepsis in newborn rats. | group b streptococcus (gbs) continues to cause considerable morbidity and death in newborn infants despite the use of antibiotics. we investigated the use of adjunctive therapies to be used with antibiotics in the treatment of neonatal sepsis, using a neonatal rat model of established gbs disease. after the development of gbs bacteremia, a human igg preparation hyperimmune for gbs, administered with penicillin, decreased the mortality rate compared with the use of penicillin alone (14% vs 57%; p ... | 1993 | 8496760 |
| prevalence of cervical pathogens in women with and without inflammatory changes on smear testing. | to assess correlation between nonspecific cervicitis, inflammation, or exudate on cervical smears tests and confirmed presence of known cervical pathogens. | 1993 | 8499824 |
| comparative disposition kinetics of 111in-labeled group b streptococcus and neutrophils during onset of sepsis-induced pulmonary hypertension. | little is known of the time course by which intravascular group b streptococcus (gbs) distributes into the infant lung, though the prompt onset of pulmonary hypertension in gbs-infected animals suggests that bacteria interact initially with a resident lung cell or that they promote rapid pulmonary influx of circulating effector cells. using external gamma scintigraphy to monitor the organ-specific disposition kinetics of 111in-oxine-labeled gbs in anesthetized piglets, we found that 80% of the i ... | 1993 | 8448259 |
| correlating infectious outcome with clinical parameters of 1130 consecutive febrile infants aged zero to eight weeks. | the study objectives were to characterize the infectious outcomes and associated clinical parameters of a large group of febrile young infants who received outpatient sepsis evaluation. this retrospective review of consecutive cases during a seven-year period was set in an urban pediatric emergency department. febrile infants, aged zero to eight weeks, were the participants. all received a standard evaluation for sepsis, including complete blood count/blood culture, lumbar puncture/cerebrospinal ... | 1993 | 8483786 |
| protein rib: a novel group b streptococcal cell surface protein that confers protective immunity and is expressed by most strains causing invasive infections. | the group b streptococcus, an important cause of invasive infections in the neonate, is classified into four major serotypes (ia, ib, ii, and iii) based on the structure of the polysaccharide capsule. since the capsule is a known virulence factor, it has been extensively studied, in particular in type iii strains, which cause the majority of invasive infections. two cell surface proteins, alpha and beta, have also been studied in detail since they confer protective immunity, but these proteins a ... | 1993 | 8496678 |
| comparison of group b streptococcal hyperimmune globulin and standard intravenously administered immune globulin in neonates. | standard intravenously administered immune globulin (ivig) contains varying amounts of group b streptococcus (gbs) antibody. a gbs hyperimmune ivig was produced by immunizing plasma donors. the gbs type-specific opsonic activity was > or = 90% in the hyperimmune ivig at a 1280 dilution-1 versus at a 10 dilution-1 in standard ivig. suckling rat survival after gbs type-specific infection was 100% when the rats were treated with hyperimmune ivig versus < or = 20% with standard ivig. to evaluate the ... | 1993 | 8501574 |
| a population-based assessment of invasive disease due to group b streptococcus in nonpregnant adults. | group b streptococci (streptococcus agalactiae) are a major cause of meningitis and septicemia in neonates and pregnant women, but the importance of group b streptococcal disease in nonpregnant adults has not been clearly defined. | 1993 | 8502269 |
| neonatal sepsis and meningitis in mallorca, spain, 1977-1991. | in a retrospective study at son dureta hospital (palma de mallorca, mallorca, spain) of the period 1977-1991, 334 cases of culture-proven sepsis and/or meningitis in neonates born at the facility were identified. overall, there was an incidence rate of 4.9 cases per 1,000 live births. the case-fatality rate was 7.5%. infection was more frequent in infants of low birth weight, with the exception of infants with meningitis and infections due to group b streptococcus and listeria species. the patte ... | 1993 | 8507765 |
| immunogenicity of group b streptococcus type iii polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid vaccine in baboons. | maternal vaccination has been proposed as a rational approach for the prevention of neonatal group b streptococcal (gbs) disease. in this study, baboons were used as a nonhuman primate model to evaluate the immunogenicity of a gbs type iii glycoconjugate vaccine. type iii-specific immunoglobulin g with opsonic activity was induced after vaccination with type iii polysaccharide coupled to tetanus toxoid administered with an aluminum adjuvant. this suggests that baboons could be used in evaluating ... | 1996 | 8550227 |
| efficacy of a universal screening program for the prevention of neonatal group b streptococcal disease. | universal antepartum vaginal cultures for group b streptococcus (gbs) were initiated in a spanish hospital in 1994 using granada medium. infants born to carriers were monitored closely, and blood, urine and mucocutaneous areas were cultured for gbs. group b streptococcus was detected in 543 of 4,525 women (12%). of these, 454 gave birth vaginally, of whom 201 (44%) received intrapartum ampicillin. prophylaxis was not administered to 253 women (56%). in this group, infants of 120 women were colon ... | 1995 | 8536732 |
| in vivo efficacy of azithromycin in treatment of systemic infection and septic arthritis induced by type iv group b streptococcus strains in mice: comparative study with erythromycin and penicillin g. | we compared the activities of azithromycin, erythromycin, and penicillin g in a mouse model of systemic infection and septic arthritis induced by type iv group b streptococci (gbs). the in vitro and in vivo efficacy data for these drugs were analyzed relative to the pharmacokinetics of the drugs in sera, joints, and kidneys. adult cd-1 mice were infected intravenously with 10(7) cfu of type iv gbs. intraperitoneal drug administration was initiated with different dose regimens at different times ... | 1995 | 8540695 |
| structural elucidation of the novel type vii group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharide by high resolution nmr spectroscopy. | the type vii capsular polysaccharide isolated from the newly discovered group b streptococcus (gbs) strain contains d-glucose, d-galactose, n-acetyl-d-glucosamine and n-acetylneuraminic acid in the molar ratio 2:2:1:1. high-resolution one- and two-dimensional (1d and 2d) 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy of the native and desialylated polysaccharides showed the type vii gbs capsular polysaccharide to contain the following branched hexasaccharide repeating unit: [formula: see text] despite extensive st ... | 1995 | 8548782 |
| penicillin tolerance among beta-hemolytic streptococci and production of the group carbohydrates, hemolysins, hyaluronidases and deoxyribonucleases. | penicillin tolerance among 67 strains of beta-hemolytic streptococci was examined by determining the ratio of the minimal bactericidal concentration to the minimal inhibitory concentration as 32 or greater. tolerance was demonstrated in 15 group a strains and in 11.7, and 4 of groups b, c and g, respectively. thereafter the effects of a subminimal inhibitory concentration (1/2 mic) of penicillin on the bacterial products of four tolerant and four nontolerant strains (two of each lancefield group ... | 1995 | 8551960 |
| antibodies to tumor necrosis factor-alpha: use as adjunctive therapy in established group b streptococcal disease in newborn rats. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis. adjunctive therapies are being sought to improve the outcome. because increased blood levels of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha may play a role in the development of sepsis and an adverse outcome thereof, we evaluated the potential use of antibodies against tnf-alpha as adjunctive therapy of gbs sepsis. using a neonatal rat model of gbs sepsis, we measured serum levels of tnf-alpha. levels of tnf-alpha were significantly incr ... | 1995 | 8559608 |
| pregnancy outcome after transcervical cvs with a flexible biopsy forceps: evaluation of risk factors. | the pregnancy outcome of 1936 women who had transcervical chorionic villus sampling (cvs) with a flexible biopsy forceps was evaluated. follow-up until 4 weeks after delivery was 99.4 per cent. various patient- and procedure-related risk factors for spontaneous loss (fetal or neonatal death) were analysed using stepwise logistic regression analysis. the overall spontaneous loss rate was 4.5 per cent. factors found to be significantly associated with spontaneous loss were quantity of villi < or = ... | 1995 | 8559750 |
| effect of specimen storage, antibiotics, and feminine hygiene products on the detection of group b streptococcus by culture and the strep b oia test. | agar culture from vaginal swabs is the routine method for diagnosis of maternal group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization. swab specimens are often transported to a clinical laboratory for processing. in these studies, specimen transport was simulated by inoculating swabs with gbs and storing them at selected temperatures and with or without transport medium. the recovery of viable gbs was assessed by agar culture. gbs antigen was detected immunologically with an optical immunoassay (oia) method. ... | 1995 | 8565413 |
| cell growth rate regulates expression of group b streptococcus type iii capsular polysaccharide. | the capsular polysaccharide (cps) of group b streptococci (gbs) is an important virulence factor that also serves to protect cells from nonspecific host defense mechanisms. expression of cps by gbs, as with other encapsulated bacterial pathogens, is not constitutive but varies during growth in vitro and in primary cultures isolated from different sites of infection. despite this understanding, little is known about regulation of this surface-expressed carbohydrate antigen in gbs. here we report ... | 1996 | 8606082 |
| interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha mediate innate production of gamma interferon by group b streptococcus-treated splenocytes of severe combined immunodeficiency mice. | the existence of interleukin-12-mediated innate immune responses to group b streptococci (gbs) was tested by examining t-lymphocyte-independent gamma interferon (ifn) production in cultured splenocytes from severe combined immunodeficiency mice. splenocytes were cultured with killed or living gbs for 48 h, and then ifn was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. type iii gbs as well as other extracellular bacterial agents of neonatal sepsis (staphylococci and enterococci) induced ifn prod ... | 1996 | 8606095 |
| designer vaccines to prevent infections due to group b streptococcus. | group b streptococci (gbs) are the major cause of serious infections in neonates and an important cause of infection in adults, particularly peripartum women and patients with diabetes mellitus and malignancy. immunity to gbs in neonates is associated with naturally acquired maternal antibodies to the type-specific capsular polysaccharides of these organisms. igg class antibodies directed to these polysaccharides are passed transplacentally and protect the child from invasive gbs disease. phase ... | 1995 | 8608425 |
| bacteremia and meningitis among infants with urinary tract infections. | a retrospective analysis of 354 patients < or = 2 years of age with urinary tract infections (utis) was performed to characterize patients with bacteremia or meningitis and to identify any objective predictors of these complications. thirty-three patients with bacteremia were identified. blood culture isolates included escherichia coli (25), staphylococcus aureus (4), enterococcus (1), group b streptococcus (2), and enterobacter (1). besides one patient with group b streptococcus bacteremia at 1 ... | 1995 | 8570449 |
| antenatal care. | recently published papers on antenatal screening show that a policy of routine cervical examination does not lead to a reduction in preterm birth, perhaps because the results of the cervical examination do not influence the decisions umbilical doppler ultrasonography shows that the systematic use of this method for high-risk pregnant women reduces the odds of perinatal mortality by 38%. studies on antenatal screening for group b streptococcus followed by intrapartum treatment show that the anten ... | 1995 | 8620072 |
| detection of group b streptococcus by immunoassay following enrichment in lim-selective broth medium. | rapid immunoassays have been developed to decrease the time to detection of group b streptococcus (gbs) carriage in pregnant women. in this study, a total of 162 pregnant women, considered to be high-risk obstetric patients, were seen in the family care center at memorial hospital of rhode island, a 300-bed teaching hospital associated with brown university medical school. vaginal and rectal specimens were taken and tested for gbs by using two rapid enzyme immunoassays (eias) that were compared ... | 1995 | 8582136 |
| group b streptococcus and treatment of capd peritonitis. | | 1995 | 8587639 |
| protective activity of a murine monoclonal antibody against acute and chronic experimental infection with type iv group b streptococcus. | a murine igm monoclonal antibody (mab h11) was developed against the type polysaccharide capsular antigen of group b streptococcus (gbs), serotype iv, after intraperitoneal immunisation of balb/c mice with heat-killed bacteria. mab h11 reacted in immunodiffusion with the purified polysaccharide in both its sialylated and desialylated form, giving a line of identity, and opsonised type iv gbs strains in an in vitro assay. when administered at the time of intraperitoneal lethal challenge with homo ... | 1996 | 8636965 |
| biochemical mediators of meningeal inflammatory response to group b streptococcus in the newborn piglet model. | the meningeal inflammatory response to a heat-killed mutant unencapsulated strain of type iii group b streptococcus (gbs) was studied in a newborn piglet model. gbs (10(9) colony-forming unit equivalents) or saline (control) was inoculated intraventricularly. serial cerebrospinal fluid measurements were done at baseline and over the course of the next 24 h for cytochemical changes and production of tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and prostaglandins. in separate experiments, we defined the time cours ... | 1995 | 8618804 |
| population structure of streptococcus agalactiae reveals an association between specific evolutionary lineages and putative virulence factors but not disease. | to evaluate the genetic diversity and relationships in a collection of 85 danish strains of streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) we have performed restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis on ecori- and mspi-digested whole-cell dna using as probes rrna, dna fragments representing the genes encoding hyaluronidase, c5a-peptidase, alpha-antigen, and beta-antigen as well as two randomly selected genomic dna fragments for which the coding potential is unknown. in addition, we have ... | 1996 | 8641801 |
| structural and immunochemical characterization of the type viii group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharide. | the type viii capsular polysaccharide has been isolated and purified from a newly described strain of group b streptococcus which is a leading cause of sepsis and neonatal meningitis in japan. the polysaccharide contains d-glucose, d-galactose, l-rhamnose, and sialic acid in the molar ratio 1:1:1:1. by means of high resolution 1h nuclear magnetic resonance (1h nmr), 13c nmr, and homo- and heterocorrelated nmr, the repeating unit structure of the type viii polysaccharide was delineated as the fol ... | 1996 | 8621515 |
| lung hyaluronan decreases during group b streptococcal pneumonia in neonatal piglets. | neonatal group b streptococcus (gbs) sepsis and pneumonia result in lung injury and remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the newborn. increased lung hyaluronan (ha) content is an important component of the lung's early response to damage in diseases such as adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards), infant respiratory distress syndrome (irds), and bleomycin-induced fibrosis. it is known, however, that gbs virulence factors include specific secretory enzymes such as hyaluronidase, ... | 1996 | 8630603 |
| prevention of perinatal group b streptococcal disease: a public health perspective. centers for disease control and prevention. | group b streptococcus is a leading cause of serious neonatal infection. most neonatal gbs infections can be prevented through the use of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis in women who are at increased risk for transmitting the infection to their newborns. however, despite clinical trials that demonstrate the effectiveness of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, prevention strategies have not been implemented widely or consistently, and the incidence of neonatal gbs disease has not declined. t ... | 1996 | 8637497 |
| an approach to the identification of the pathogens of bacterial meningitis by the polymerase chain reaction. | a combination of universal and species-specific primers was used to detect and differentiate by nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) the four species most commonly causing bacterial meningitis. primers recognising conserved sequences in the 16s and 23s ribosomal rna genes were employed to amplify the 16s-23s spacer region from neisseria meningitidis, haemophilus influenzae (type b), streptococcus pneumoniae, and streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus). the sequence of the most abundan ... | 1995 | 8681987 |
| atypical cellulitis due to group b streptococcus. | in a minority of late-onset group b streptococcal (gbs) cases in neonates, facial or buccal cellulitis has been described. we report a case of sepsis with gbs, in which an atypical cellulitis in the inguinal area was seen as presenting symptom. | 1995 | 8658078 |
| probable community acquisition of group b streptococcus in an infant with late-onset disease: demonstration using field inversion gel electrophoresis. | | 1996 | 8673208 |
| bacteremia shortly after placental separation during cesarean delivery. | to assess frequency, risk factors, and microbiology of bacteremia within 15 minutes of placental separation during cesarean delivery. | 1996 | 8677085 |
| [early neonatal manifestations of group b streptococcus infection: case series and preventive strategy]. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is, so far, one of the most important causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. in order to elucidate the extent of this problem a screening for gbs has been performed on a group of pregnant women and their neonates. maternal vaginal and rectal swabs were obtained on admission to the labor area. in these infants throat swabs at birth and throat and rectal swabs on day 4th and 6th were obtained. in the 14,248 pairs mother/infant examined, the rate of colonization was ... | 1995 | 8684998 |
| inadequacy of rapid immunoassays for intrapartum detection of group b streptococcal carriers. | to determine the accuracy of two currently used immunoassays and a newly developed optical immunoassay for rapid intrapartum detection of group b streptococcal colonization compared with culture methods. | 1996 | 8684761 |
| a comparison of the yield of positive antenatal group b streptococcus cultures with direct inoculation in selective growth medium versus primary inoculation in transport medium followed by delayed inoculation in selective growth medium. | our purpose was to compare the yield of positive group b streptococcus cultures with standard medium for transport of culture swabs compared with use of selective medium during transport. | 1996 | 8694042 |
| testing for group b streptococcus latex particle agglutination. | | 1996 | 8700096 |
| identification of a family of streptococcal surface proteins with extremely repetitive structure. | the group b streptococcus (gbs) causes the majority of life-threatening bacterial infections in newborn children. most gbs strains isolated from such infections express a surface protein, designated rib, that confers protective immunity and therefore is of interest for analysis of pathogenetic mechanisms. sequence analysis demonstrated that rib has an exceptionally long signal peptide (55 amino acid residues) and 12 repeats (79 amino acid residues each) that account for >80% of the sequence of t ... | 1996 | 8702550 |
| impact of maternal group b streptococcal screening on pediatric management in full-term newborns. | the american academy of pediatrics strategy to prevent early-onset neonatal sepsis with group b streptococcus (gbs) relies on maternal antepartum gbs cultures, while the american college of obstetrics and gynecology strategy does not. | 1996 | 8704885 |
| [prenatal and perinatal infections--problems for the practicing pediatrician: group b streptococci, varicella, toxoplasmosis]. | a practical approach is reported for the care of the neonate born to a mother infected/colonized during pregnancy by group b streptococcus, varicella-zoster virus or toxoplasma gondii. starting from clinical situations, an attempt is made to work out evidence based recommendations using an overview of the current literature. group b streptococci: relevant factors for the treatment of infants born to colonized mothers are clinical symptoms, gestational age, additional risk factors (such as premat ... | 1996 | 8720324 |
| group b streptococcus and pregnancy. | group b streptococcus is a significant pathogen for both mother and child. routine urine culture in pregnancy will identify and allow treatment of women with asymptomatic bacteriuria. an optimal protocol for the prevention of neonatal sepsis has not yet been developed. while intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis appears to provide the best potential, each of the currently suggested protocols has significant drawbacks. drawbacks include the potential for missing high-risk carriers, failure to tre ... | 1996 | 8731488 |
| a simple, quantitative, reproducible avidin-biotin elisa for the evaluation of group b streptococcus type-specific antibodies in humans. | type-specific antibodies to the capsular polysaccharides (cp) of group b streptococcus (gbs) are protective. historically, the radioactive antigen-binding assay (raba) has been used to determine gbs antibody levels. this method measures total immunoglobulin and employs the use of radioactive materials. we have developed an avidin-biotin elisa that is less hazardous and is able to measure gbs ia, ib, ii or iii cp specific igg. to avoid inconsistent binding to the plate, the cps from gbs ia, ib, i ... | 1996 | 8735557 |
| neurotoxicity of glia activated by gram-positive bacterial products depends on nitric oxide production. | the present study examined the mechanism by which bacterial cell walls from two gram-positive meningeal pathogens, streptococcus pneumoniae and the group b streptococcus, induced neuronal injury in primary cultures of rat brain cells. cell walls from both organisms produced cellular injury to similar degrees in pure astrocyte cultures but not in pure neuronal cultures. cell walls also induced nitric oxide production in cultures of astrocytes or microglia. when neurons were cultured together with ... | 1996 | 8757846 |
| clinical and diagnostic features of osteomyelitis occurring in the first three months of life. | we report a retrospective study of 94 infants, ages < 4 months, who underwent investigation for possible osteomyelitis during a 9-year period. of the 30 babies with proven osteomyelitis (radiographic changes or positive bone cultures or positive blood cultures plus a compatible clinical picture), 17 were preterm artificially ventilated babies and 4 were full term infants receiving intensive care. an etiologic organism was isolated from 28: methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, 16; methi ... | 1995 | 8745016 |
| [vaginal colonization of group b streptococcus: a study in 267 cases of factory women]. | an epidemiologic study on vaginal colonization of group b streptococcus (gbs) from non-pregnancy women was carried out. two hundred sixty seven female workers were studied. the carrier rate of gbs in vaginal specimens was 10.86%. women aged 45 years old and above had more cases with genital tract gbs colonization. women with vaginal colonization had more history of miscarriage and using iud. we did not find the positive correlations between vaginal colonization and oral contraceptive, ovarian cy ... | 1996 | 8758413 |
| experimental vaccination against group b streptococcus, an encapsulated bacterium, with highly purified preparations of cell surface proteins rib and alpha. | encapsulated bacteria cause some of the most common diseases in humans. although the polysaccharide capsules of these pathogens have attracted the most attention with regard to vaccine development, recent evidence suggests that bacterial surface proteins may also be used to confer protective immunity. we have analyzed this possibility in group b streptococcus (gbs), an encapsulated bacterium that is the major cause of invasive bacterial disease in the neonatal period. previous work has shown tha ... | 1996 | 8751893 |
| early-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: a report from the national institute of child health and human development neonatal research network. | early-onset sepsis (occurring within 72 hours of birth) is included in the differential diagnosis of most very low birth weight (vlbw) neonates. to determine the current incidence of early-onset sepsis, risk factors for disease, and the impact of early-onset sepsis on subsequent hospital course, we studied a cohort of 7861 vlbw neonates (401 to 1500 gm) admitted to the 12 national institute of child health and human development (nichd) neonatal research network centers during a 32-month period ( ... | 1996 | 8757565 |
| [neurologic manifestations in a child of a mother with gestational herpes]. | herpes gestationis in the neonate is usually associated with an increased risk of premature birth and/or low birth weight for gestational age (ga) and sometimes skin lesions. neurologic manifestations are nos described in these babies. | 1996 | 8763717 |
| the effect of timing of single-dose transplacental ampicillin-sulbactam therapy for prevention of neonatal group b streptococcal colonization and bacteremia in a rabbit model. | our purpose was to evaluate the effect of maternal administration of ampicillin-sulbactam on group b streptococcal colonization and bacteremia in newborn rabbits. | 1996 | 8765261 |
| [neonatal pericarditis of benign outcome during maternofetal group b streptococcus infection]. | | 1996 | 8785547 |
| volume of blood required to detect common neonatal pathogens. | to determine the minimum volume of blood and the absolute number of organisms required for detection of bacteremia and fungemia by an automated colorimetric blood culture system (bact/alert, organon teknika). | 1996 | 8765627 |
| group b streptococcus impairs erythrocyte deformability in neonates more than in adults. | group b beta-haemolytic streptococcus (gbs) may cause severe septic shock and death in neonates, whereas this is rarely the case in adults. as impaired red blood cell (rbc) deformability might disturb microcirculation in septic shock, the in vitro effects of gbs (1.7 x 10(8) cfu/ml) on rbc deformation (rheoscope) and haemolysis were studied in blood from preterm infants, term neonates, and adults. furthermore, rbc deformation was studied in term neonates with gbs sepsis. rbc deformation at a she ... | 1996 | 8777682 |
| acute inflammatory changes in subcutaneous microtumors in the ears of mice induced by intravenous cm101 (gbs toxin). | cm101, a bacterial polysaccharide derived from group b streptococcus, induces pronounced inflammatory changes in and around tumor blood vessels 60 min after i.v. injection. a technique has been developed for implanting small numbers of tumor cells in the ear skin of mice. this allows macroscopic examination of the tumor and its supporting blood vessels as it reaches the 10000 cell size and greater. treatments can be monitored in this model for effects on small "metastatic-like" tumor nodules by ... | 1996 | 8781569 |
| comparison of a modified dna hybridization assay with standard culture enrichment for detecting group b streptococci in obstetric patients. | infection with group b streptococcus (gbs) results in 12,000 to 15,000 cases of neonatal sepsis annually in the united states. gbs is transmitted vertically in up to 70% of infants born to colonized women. early-onset gbs disease (septicemia, pneumonia, or meningitis occurring within 7 days of life) has a mortality rate of up to 50%, with permanent neurologic sequelae occurring in 15 to 50% of infants surviving meningeal infection. because of the fulminant nature of neonatal infection, it would ... | 1996 | 8789012 |
| endogenous interleukin-11 (il-11) expression is increased and prophylactic use of exogenous il-11 enhances platelet recovery and improves survival during thrombocytopenia associated with experimental group b streptococcal sepsis in neonatal rats. | future preventive and/or concurrent therapy of neonatal sepsis may require the use of adjuvant immunohematopoietic therapy. in the present study, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we demonstrated a significant increase in il-11 mrna extracted from the femurs of group b streptococcus (gbs)-infected rats during acute thrombocytopenia (platelet count: 65.8 +/- 19.3 k/mm3, n = 5) compared to that of uninfected neonatal rats (nr) (635.2 +/- 89 k/mm3, n = 5) (174 +/- 17% vs. 100%, ... | 1996 | 8807086 |
| effects of group-a streptolysin o on neonatal and adult red blood cell deformability and haemolysis. | neonates are more susceptible than adults to many gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections. whereas group b streptococcus causes life-threatening infections in neonates, group a beta-haemolytic streptococcus infections rarely occur in neonates. to test the hypothesis that group a streptococcus may have different effects on neonatal and adult red blood cells (rbcs), haemolysis and deformability (rheoscope) of rbcs from adults, full-term and pre-term neonates were studied during 60 min ... | 1996 | 8817159 |
| changes in cerebrospinal fluid and cerebrovascular endothelin concentrations during hypotension and hypertension in newborn piglets with induced sterile meningitis. | the effects of sterile meningitis on endothelin-1 (et-1) and big et-1 concentrations during hypotension and hypertension were studied in the cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of newborn piglets. cerebrospinal fluid was obtained via cisterna magna puncture, and blood was obtained from the sagittal sinus vein and left subclavian artery. the study group consisted of 14 newborn piglets injected with 0.5 ml heat-killed group b streptococcus (gbs) (10(9) colony forming unit (cfu) equivalents), into the r ... | 1996 | 8828883 |
| characterization of cpsf and its product cmp-n-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase, a group b streptococcal enzyme that can function in k1 capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis in escherichia coli. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is the foremost cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in the united states. a major virulence factor for gbs is its capsular polysaccharide, a high molecular weight polymer of branched oligosaccharide subunits. n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac or sialic acid), at the end of the polysaccharide side chains, is critical to the virulence function of the capsular polysaccharide. neu5ac must be activated by cmp-neu5ac synthetase before it is incorporated into the polymer. ... | 1996 | 8830246 |
| [oxygen transport and consumption and oxygen saturation in the right atrium in an experimental model of neonatal septic shock]. | mixed venous oxygen saturation monitoring is useful to know about the balance of oxygen supply and consumption in patient with shock as well as a form of assessing the effects of different therapeutic maneuvers. because of newborn peculiarities this measurement is difficult and therefore, the monitoring of the shock state is limited. | 1996 | 8830575 |
| sexual behavior and vaginal colonization by group b streptococcus among minority women. | to test the hypothesis that sexual behaviors predict colonization of the vagina by group b streptococcus among minority women. | 1996 | 8841222 |
| prevention of neonatal septicaemia due to group b streptococci. | group b streptococcus is the leading cause of neonatal septicaemia. major risk factors for early-onset disease are heavy maternal gbs colonization preterm delivery (and related low birthweight), preterm rupture of membranes, prelabour rupture of membranes, intrapartum fever, gbs urinary infection and low levels of maternal serum anti-gbs antibodies. screening for maternal gbs colonization, a part of most current preventive strategies, can be targeted on all pregnant women or only on those with r ... | 1995 | 8846555 |
| septic sternoclavicular arthritis caused by group b streptococcus: case report and review. | | 1996 | 8852988 |
| neonatal bacterial sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit: a 5 year analysis. | to study the pattern of neonatal sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) during a 5 year period and assess the relationship between maternal risk factors and early onset sepsis (eos). | 1996 | 8844541 |
| glycoconjugate vaccines: future combinations. | there is a large and growing base of knowledge about the protective immune response to encapsulated bacterial pathogens. this information is a clear advantage to the development of glycoconjugate vaccines. it is well understood for such pathogens as haemophilus b, pneumococcus, meningococcus and group b streptococcus that the induction of a functional anti-saccharide antibody response is likely to be protective. the most important question for glycoconjugate vaccines is the magnitude of the resp ... | 1996 | 8854027 |
| perinatal group b streptococcal infections: the nurse's role in identification and prophylaxis. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is a major cause of perinatal infectious morbidity and mortality in the united states. an estimated 50,000 women and 7,600 neonates experience gbs disease, and as many as 310 infants die each year. in 1992, the american academy of pediatrics published recommendations for identification and treatment of pregnant women colonized with gbs. in 1996, the centers for disease control and prevention and the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists developed more co ... | 1996 | 8868623 |
| simultaneous occurrence of group b streptococcus and echovirus 20. | | 1996 | 8891568 |
| effect of intravenous immunoglobulin g on the deposition of immunoglobulin g and c3 onto type iii group b streptococcus and escherichia coli k1. | seventeen neonates with suspected or proven sepsis received either a 750 mg/kg dose of intravenous immunoglobulin g (ivig) or placebo. compared with values in adult serum, the preinfusion serum concentrations of immunoglobulin g (igg) and complement component c3 were diminished; the concentrations were unaffected by the administration of placebo to nine infants. fifteen minutes after infusion in the eight ivig recipients, the serum concentration of igg increased from 3.66 mg/ml to 16.58 mg/ml bu ... | 1996 | 8915932 |
| group b streptococcus in the perinatal period. a review. | prior to the 1960s, little was known about morbidity and mortality in humans due to group b streptococcus (gbs). since that time, a thorough understanding of the organism's potential has been developed. of pregnant women, 20-30% are prenatal carriers of gbs and 40-75% of these mothers will transmit gbs to their neonates. however, the actual incidence of gbs disease in infants is one to three cases per 1,000 live births. several risk factors for transmission and development of early-onset gbs dis ... | 1996 | 8916675 |
| group b streptococcus and preterm premature rupture of membranes: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial of antepartum ampicillin. | our purpose was to determine whether ampicillin prolongs the latency period after preterm premature rupture of membranes in patients colonized with group b streptococcus. | 1996 | 8885772 |
| [study on septicaemia in infants and children in the past 20 years. part 1. an analysis of causal organisms]. | causal organisms and their changes were evaluated in 158 cases of septicaemia admitted to jikei university hospital from 1975 to 1994. eighty patients (50.6%) were aged less than 1 year, and 37 patients (23.4%) were newborns. the average mortality rate was 18.4%. the mortality rate between 1975 and 1984 was 26.8%, and that of the past 10 years (from 1985 to 1994) decreased to 13.7%. staphylococcus aureus (29 cases, 19.4%) was the most common pathogens isolated, followed by pseudomonas sp. (24 ca ... | 1996 | 8890544 |
| immune response to type iii group b streptococcal polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is an important perinatal pathogen. because transplacentally acquired maternal antibodies to the gbs capsular polysaccharides (cps) confer protection, prevention of infant disease may be possible after immunization of women. unfortunately, the purified cps of gbs are only variably immunogenic in adults; therefore to enhance immunogenicity we have designed and developed a cps-protein conjugate vaccine. the lability of a conformationally dependent epitope on the iii cps ... | 1996 | 8941648 |
| hemodynamic effects of n-acetylamrinone in a porcine model of group b streptococcal sepsis. | high plasma concentrations of n-acetylamrinone, a primary metabolite of amrinone, are measured in some children during prolonged amrinone infusion. the purpose of this investigation was to determine if n-acetylamrinone has direct hemodynamic effects independent of amrinone. twenty neonatal piglets received an infusion of 6 x 10(9) colony-forming units/kg of group b streptococcus to induce sepsis. subsequently, they were divided into 1 of 3 groups and received a 1-hr infusion of either normal sal ... | 1996 | 8886615 |
| genital group b streptococcus carriage in the antenatal period: its role in prom and preterm labour. | of 326 high vaginal swabs taken during the antenatal period, group b streptococcus (gbs) was isolated from the birth canal in 46 women, giving a carrier rate of 14.1%, which is within the often quoted range of between 5% - 25% in different parts of the world. carriage rates were similar at different gestations. in a subgroup of 34 women, 2 swabs taken at least 5 weeks apart yielded results which were discordant in over one fifth of the time. this knowledge of the natural history of gbs carriage ... | 1995 | 8919151 |
| group b streptococcal cellulitis of perineum and lower abdomen: report of one case. | this report describes a 4-week-old female baby with disseminated group b streptococcus (gbs) infection. the illness began as a swelling with violaceous hue of perineum and lower abdomen, a manifestation that may be falsely attributed to a traumatic injury. gbs septicemia, meningitis and cellulitis of lower abdomen was confirmed by cultures. this case illustrated an unusual presentation of gbs infection as cellulitis of lower abdomen. the presence of concurrent septicemia and meningitis in this c ... | 1996 | 8935414 |
| use of gen-probe accuprobe group b streptococcus test to detect group b streptococci in broth cultures of vaginal-anorectal specimens from pregnant women: comparison with traditional culture method. | detection of vaginal-anorectal colonization with group b streptococci (gbs) is critical to the prevention of neonatal gbs disease. the recommended method for the detection of gbs is culture of the distal vagina and anorectum in a selective broth medium followed by subculture to solid media and identification of gbs on the solid media. the purpose of this study was to compare this standard culture method with the detection of gbs directly from an enrichment broth by utilizing the gen-probe accupr ... | 1997 | 8968896 |
| management of neonates born to mothers with group b streptococcus colonization. | approximately 20% of pregnant women harbor group b streptococcus (gbs) in the lower genital tract at the time of delivery. intrapartum chemoprophylaxis of mothers with gbs colonization who have risk factors for neonatal gbs at delivery improves the outcome of the neonates. the recommendations for treating newborn infants of mothers who receive intrapartum chemoprophylaxis for gbs colonization and the recommendations for those who do not remain empiric, because clinical studies to support such re ... | 1996 | 8979187 |