Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [case report: suppurative arthritis due to group b streptococcus in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis]. | a 62-year-old woman, who had been diagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis (ra) with systemic amyloidosis and diabetes mellitus, was admitted to our hospital because of polyarthralgia on october 1, 1987. she had some subcutaneous nodules and rheumatic pleural effusion. therefore she was treated with 20 milligrams of prednisolone (psl) daily. on the ninth day after the beginning of steroid therapy, she complained of severe pain and a new swelling in her right knee joint. the knee joint aspirate o ... | 1993 | 8315303 |
| evaluation of pharmacia chlamydia eia for diagnosis of genital infections caused by chlamydia trachomatis. | a new enzyme-immunoassay test (eia), pharmacia chlamydia eia, was evaluated in comparison with isolation in cell culture for the diagnosis of genital infections caused by chlamydia trachomatis. endocervical and endourethral specimens were collected from 913 patients (875 female and 38 male patients respectively). sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values for this test were 89.4%, 99.2%, 85.8% and 99.4% respectively. where discrepancies between the 2 techniques ... | 1993 | 8316503 |
| capsular type-specific polysaccharide partially inhibits group b streptococcus-induced pulmonary hypertension. | capsular type-specific polysaccharide is thought to be an important pathogenetic factor in group b streptococcus (gbs) sepsis. to determine the effects of capsular type-specific polysaccharide on gbs-induced hemodynamic responses, anesthetized infant piglets were infused for 3 h with three related gbs type lb strains that express different amounts of capsular type-specific polysaccharide. a larger capsule strain and a smaller capsule strain were isolated from an infected infant and its mother, r ... | 1993 | 8317791 |
| secular trends in rates and etiology of nosocomial urinary tract infections at a university hospital. | to examine changing trends in the microbial etiology of nosocomial urinary tract infections, we reviewed culture data from a surveillance database for the calendar years 1982 to 1991. the overall rates of nosocomial urinary tract infections have increased significantly during the last decade from 2.63 per 1,000 patient-days to 4.35 per 1,000 patient-days (p = 0.0023). for specific isolates the rates of yeasts, klebsiella pneumoniae and group b streptococcus have increased significantly during th ... | 1993 | 8326566 |
| antimicrobial treatment of occult bacteremia: a multicenter cooperative study. | this prospective multicenter study was conducted to define more clearly clinical and laboratory criteria that predict a strong probability of occult bacteremia and to evaluate the effect of empiric broad spectrum antimicrobial treatment of these children. children 3 to 36 months old with fever > or = 40 degrees c (104 degrees f) or, > or = 39.5 degrees c (103 degrees f) with white blood cells (wbc) > or = 15 x 10(9)/liter, and no focus of infection had blood cultures obtained and were randomized ... | 1993 | 8345978 |
| outbreak of early onset group b streptococcal sepsis. | during january and august, 1990, 23 cases of early onset group b streptococcus (gbs) disease occurred in a kansas city, mo, hospital with an attack rate of 14/1000 live births, compared with an annual rate of 1.2 cases/1000 live births for 1988 through 1989. case infants were compared with controls matched by birth weight, race, maternal age and day of delivery and to a second group of infants of mothers colonized with gbs to identify risk factors and consider intervention strategies during the ... | 1993 | 8345997 |
| [colonization by streptococcus group b in full term pregnancy and newborns in a community in venezuela]. | the aim of this study was to define the incidence of cervico-vaginal colonization by group b streptococcus (sgb) in full term pregnancy as well as vertical and horizontal transmission in newborns attended in two public hospitals in valencia, venezuela. | 1993 | 8347700 |
| group b streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome: report of a case and purification of an associated pyrogenic toxin. | a patient with streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (tsls) caused by streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) is described. the patient had all of the defining criteria for toxic shock syndrome (tss), including fever, hypotension, erythematous rash, desquamation, and involvement of multiple organs. neither staphylococcus aureus nor group a streptococci were recovered, but vaginal and urine cultures yielded group b streptococci. the group b streptococcal isolate gave negative results i ... | 1993 | 8353243 |
| intrapartum transmission of group a streptococcus. | intrapartum transmission of group a streptococcus has not been well documented. as the incidence of severe infections due to this organism has recently increased, it is important to assess if such transmission occurs. we observed two cases of severe neonatal infections due to group a streptococcus, one of which was fatal, that appeared to have been transmitted from the mother during birth. perinatal prophylaxis, which has been recommended for infections due to group b streptococcus, should be ev ... | 1993 | 8353251 |
| acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in the neonate, risk factors and outcome. | twenty-two neonates with acute osteomyelitis (ao) or septic arthritis (sa) were included in a study based on a review of medical reports and a long-term clinical and radiological follow up. clinical symptoms, bacteriology, risk factors, and outcome are discussed. the diagnoses were difficult, the clinical symptoms vague, fever rare and white cell count normal. detection by plain radiological films was more efficient than by radionuclide bone scan. staphylococcus aureus was the predominant causat ... | 1993 | 8354317 |
| group b streptococcus serotype v. | 1993 | 8355135 | |
| identification of cpsd, a gene essential for type iii capsule expression in group b streptococci. | we showed previously that a mutant strain of group b streptococcus (gbs) defective in capsule production was avirulent. this study describes the derivation of an unencapsulated mutant from a highly encapsulated wild-type strain of type iii gbs, coh1, by transposon mutagenesis with tn916 delta e. the mutant, coh1-13, was sensitive to phagocytic killing by human leukocytes in vitro and was relatively avirulent in a neonatal rat sepsis model compared with the wild-type strain. no capsular polysacch ... | 1993 | 8355611 |
| significance of serial c-reactive protein responses in neonatal infection and other disorders. | this study was performed to determine prospectively whether, in the presence of proved or presumed bacterial infection, the sensitivity of serum c-reactive protein (crp) response could be enhanced by serial rather than single determinations. we also sought to assess crp responses to clinically identified noninfectious disorders. | 1993 | 8361798 |
| purulent pericarditis caused by group b streptococcus with pericardial tamponade. | 1993 | 8362737 | |
| group b streptococcus (agalactiae) peritonitis and bacteremia associated with capd. | 1993 | 8369359 | |
| neonatal bacterial septicemia in a tropical area. four-year experience in guadeloupe (french west indies). | during a four-year study (1987-1990) at the neonatal department, university hospital pointe-à-pitre (french west indies), blood culture was systematically performed on all admitted newborns. the incidence of septicemia was 48 of 1000 admissions and 8.9 of 1000 inborn live births. among the 107 neonatal positive blood cultures, group b streptococcus accounted for 37% of blood culture isolates and was the most frequent cause of septicemia. the overall mortality rate was 8.4%. the incidence of neon ... | 1993 | 8374220 |
| adverse perinatal outcome and resistant enterobacteriaceae after antibiotic usage for premature rupture of the membranes and group b streptococcus carriage. | to report a case series of adverse perinatal outcomes associated with resistant enterobacteriaceae after antibiotic usage for premature rupture of the membranes (prom) and group b streptococcus. | 1993 | 8377968 |
| group b streptococcal infections during pregnancy. | group b streptococcus, acquired intrapartum from the female genital tract, is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis. intrapartum maternal antibiotic prophylaxis administered to colonized parturients is efficacious in reducing neonatal colonization and morbidity. however, the optimal method of identifying mother-infant pairs at risk remains controversial. universal antenatal screening has been effective in identifying colonized women for subsequent intrapartum therapy in research protocols. howeve ... | 1993 | 8400049 |
| false-negative urine latex particle agglutination testing in neonates with group b streptococcal bacteremia. a function of improper test implementation? | although blood cultures remain the most specific indicator of group b streptococcus (gbs) sepsis, a potentially life-threatening infection in neonates, test results may not be available for 24 to 48 hours. detection of gbs antigen in the urine by latex particle agglutination (lpa) may speed diagnosis. this study analyzed the sensitivity of the gbs urine lpa assay under clinical conditions. the urine of neonates with early-onset gbs bacteremia was analyzed for gbs antigen over a three-year period ... | 1993 | 8403745 |
| group b streptococcus as a cause of neonatal bullous skin lesions. | 1993 | 8426780 | |
| effect of group b streptococcal sepsis on diaphragmatic function in young piglets. | recent studies indicate that diaphragmatic pressure generation (pdi) is impaired by bacterial infection. however, group b streptococcus (gbs) had no effect on pdi when infused into 4-wk-old piglets. as responsiveness to gbs is age-dependent, we therefore studied the acute effect of gbs infusion on pdi, using a younger, 2-wk-old piglet model. using trans-pdi with phrenic nerve stimulation, we studied the effect of continuous gbs infusion in seven anesthetized, spontaneously breathing 2-wk-old pig ... | 1993 | 8433854 |
| comparative disposition kinetics of 111in-labeled group b streptococcus and neutrophils during onset of sepsis-induced pulmonary hypertension. | little is known of the time course by which intravascular group b streptococcus (gbs) distributes into the infant lung, though the prompt onset of pulmonary hypertension in gbs-infected animals suggests that bacteria interact initially with a resident lung cell or that they promote rapid pulmonary influx of circulating effector cells. using external gamma scintigraphy to monitor the organ-specific disposition kinetics of 111in-oxine-labeled gbs in anesthetized piglets, we found that 80% of the i ... | 1993 | 8448259 |
| correlating infectious outcome with clinical parameters of 1130 consecutive febrile infants aged zero to eight weeks. | the study objectives were to characterize the infectious outcomes and associated clinical parameters of a large group of febrile young infants who received outpatient sepsis evaluation. this retrospective review of consecutive cases during a seven-year period was set in an urban pediatric emergency department. febrile infants, aged zero to eight weeks, were the participants. all received a standard evaluation for sepsis, including complete blood count/blood culture, lumbar puncture/cerebrospinal ... | 1993 | 8483786 |
| effect of inhaled nitric oxide during group b streptococcal sepsis in piglets. | group b streptococcus (gbs), a common gram-positive pathogen, causes similar pathophysiologic changes in newborn humans and animals. infusion of gbs into neonatal animals produces pulmonary hypertension and ventilation/perfusion (va/q) mismatch in both early-phase (< 1 h) and late-phase (2 to 6 h) responses. contrary to early phase, late phase causes pulmonary vascular injury. nitric oxide (no) is an inhaled vasodilator whose effect on pulmonary hypertension and va/q matching during early and la ... | 1993 | 8484613 |
| protein rib: a novel group b streptococcal cell surface protein that confers protective immunity and is expressed by most strains causing invasive infections. | the group b streptococcus, an important cause of invasive infections in the neonate, is classified into four major serotypes (ia, ib, ii, and iii) based on the structure of the polysaccharide capsule. since the capsule is a known virulence factor, it has been extensively studied, in particular in type iii strains, which cause the majority of invasive infections. two cell surface proteins, alpha and beta, have also been studied in detail since they confer protective immunity, but these proteins a ... | 1993 | 8496678 |
| hyperimmune human igg or recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as adjunctive therapy for group b streptococcal sepsis in newborn rats. | group b streptococcus (gbs) continues to cause considerable morbidity and death in newborn infants despite the use of antibiotics. we investigated the use of adjunctive therapies to be used with antibiotics in the treatment of neonatal sepsis, using a neonatal rat model of established gbs disease. after the development of gbs bacteremia, a human igg preparation hyperimmune for gbs, administered with penicillin, decreased the mortality rate compared with the use of penicillin alone (14% vs 57%; p ... | 1993 | 8496760 |
| prevalence of cervical pathogens in women with and without inflammatory changes on smear testing. | to assess correlation between nonspecific cervicitis, inflammation, or exudate on cervical smears tests and confirmed presence of known cervical pathogens. | 1993 | 8499824 |
| comparison of group b streptococcal hyperimmune globulin and standard intravenously administered immune globulin in neonates. | standard intravenously administered immune globulin (ivig) contains varying amounts of group b streptococcus (gbs) antibody. a gbs hyperimmune ivig was produced by immunizing plasma donors. the gbs type-specific opsonic activity was > or = 90% in the hyperimmune ivig at a 1280 dilution-1 versus at a 10 dilution-1 in standard ivig. suckling rat survival after gbs type-specific infection was 100% when the rats were treated with hyperimmune ivig versus < or = 20% with standard ivig. to evaluate the ... | 1993 | 8501574 |
| a population-based assessment of invasive disease due to group b streptococcus in nonpregnant adults. | group b streptococci (streptococcus agalactiae) are a major cause of meningitis and septicemia in neonates and pregnant women, but the importance of group b streptococcal disease in nonpregnant adults has not been clearly defined. | 1993 | 8502269 |
| neonatal sepsis and meningitis in mallorca, spain, 1977-1991. | in a retrospective study at son dureta hospital (palma de mallorca, mallorca, spain) of the period 1977-1991, 334 cases of culture-proven sepsis and/or meningitis in neonates born at the facility were identified. overall, there was an incidence rate of 4.9 cases per 1,000 live births. the case-fatality rate was 7.5%. infection was more frequent in infants of low birth weight, with the exception of infants with meningitis and infections due to group b streptococcus and listeria species. the patte ... | 1993 | 8507765 |
| evaluation of two rapid tests for detection of maternal endocervical group b streptococcus: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gram stain. | to establish the reliability of two rapid tests for detection of group b streptococcus, the new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the gram stain. in addition, we wished to determine whether the combination of these tests would increase test sensitivity. | 1993 | 7685873 |
| neonatal group b streptococcal infection in mallorca, spain. | early onset infection in neonates caused by group b streptococcus and the prevalence of colonization by this microorganism in a group of 1,003 pregnant women and their neonates were studied. the capsular serotypes of the colonizing and infecting bacterial isolates and the components of c protein expressed were determined. except for serotype iv, all the currently recognized capsular serotypes (including serotype v) were found. among the colonizing strains, serotypes iii, ia, and ib were almost e ... | 1993 | 8099503 |
| co-existent cross-infection with streptococcus pneumoniae and group b streptococci on an adult oncology unit. | an outbreak of respiratory infection in an adult oncology unit is described where there was evidence of co-existent cross-infection with streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 14 and lancefield group b streptococcus type ia. the presumed route of transmission was droplet spread from patient to patient. no further cases arose after the ward had been closed to new admissions and all symptomatic patients were treated with erythromycin. we suggest that patients with pneumococcal pneumonia on units housin ... | 1993 | 8099926 |
| group b streptococcal vertebral osteomyelitis in an adult. | group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae) vertebral osteomyelitis was diagnosed in a 65-year-old man. the patient received a 3-week course of in-hospital intravenous ampicillin followed by ceftriaxone and continued to receive ceftriaxone therapy on an ambulatory basis for 3 more weeks. hospitalization and follow-up were uncomplicated with no neurological sequelae. review of the medical literature documented only 15 cases of group b streptococcal osteomyelitis in adults and ... | 1993 | 8132371 |
| detection of the c protein gene among group b streptococci using pcr. | to develop a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the specific detection of the c protein gene in strains of group b streptococcus. | 1993 | 8157750 |
| pneumococcal infection in the newborn. | two fatal cases of invasive pneumococcal disease in the newborn are reported, both acquired from the maternal vagina. the rarity of vaginal carriage of pneumococcus suggests that this organism has a higher invasion to colonisation ratio than group b streptococcus and maternal carriage or neonatal colonisation should be more aggressively treated. | 1993 | 8215574 |
| outcome of term gestation neonates whose mothers received intrapartum antibiotics for suspected chorioamnionitis. | intrapartum antibiotics are commonly given to women suspected of having chorioamnionitis. however, there is no consensus regarding management of their babies. to date, there are no data concerning the clinical courses and outcomes of term gestation, "pretreated" neonates. we performed a retrospective review to assess the clinical courses of such infants. from 1987 to 1989, chorioamnionitis was diagnosed in 123 women, 102 of whom received intrapartum antibiotics. of the 86 term gestation infants ... | 1993 | 8240595 |
| effect of amrinone during group b streptococcus-induced pulmonary hypertension in piglets. | intravenous infusion of group b streptococcus (gbs) into neonatal animals produces pulmonary hypertension, ventilation/perfusion (va/q) mismatch, and an increase in serum levels of thromboxane b2 (txb2) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) alpha. the vasodilator amrinone (amr) is a cgmp-inhibited phosphodiesterase inhibitor and is reported to inhibit thromboxane a2 and tnf production. we hypothesized that infusion of amr would cause pulmonary vasodilation and reduce serum txb2 and tnf levels in pigle ... | 1993 | 8255635 |
| antitumor effects of gbs toxin: a polysaccharide exotoxin from group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus. | a group b streptococcus (gbs) isolated from human neonates diagnosed with sepsis and respiratory distress ("early-onset disease") produces a polysaccharide exotoxin (gbs toxin) that, when infused in sheep, causes lung pathophysiology similar to that seen in humans. histological studies have demonstrated that gbs toxin induces a strong inflammatory response in the lung, with pulmonary sequestration of granulocytes and extensive capillary endothelial damage. the susceptibility of humans to gbs tox ... | 1993 | 8270611 |
| chorioamnionitis and intraamniotic infection. | intraamniotic infection is a common (2-4%) event in labor. the predictors of iai include preterm labor or rupture of membranes, abnormal vaginal flora (e.g., gbs, sexually transmitted disease, bacterial vaginosis), obstetric manipulations (e.g., vaginal exams, internal fetal monitoring) in the presence of ruptured membranes, and diminished host response (due to smoking, drug abuse, obesity, immunodeficiency states, etc.). group b streptococcus and enterobacteriaceae are the most important organi ... | 1993 | 8293582 |
| group b streptococcal disease in the perinatal period. | group b streptococcus is the major cause of neonatal sepsis in the united states. it is estimated that 2,000 infants die annually of syndromes related to group b streptococcus infection. in the early-onset syndrome, transmission is from mother to child, either in utero or during birth. pneumonia is the most common presentation in infants who develop symptoms during the first seven days of life. the principal manifestation of late-onset infection is meningitis, which occurs in 85 percent of this ... | 1994 | 8304264 |
| piperacillin and tazobactam versus clindamycin and gentamicin in the treatment of hospitalized women with pelvic infection. the piperacillin/tazobactam study group. | to compare the efficacy and safety of a combination of piperacillin and tazobactam with that of clindamycin and gentamicin in the treatment of hospitalized women with infections of the upper genital tract. | 1994 | 8290195 |
| an outbreak of group b streptococcus infection in a neonatal nursery and subsequent trial for prophylaxis of nosocomial transmission. | an outbreak of sepsis and meningitis caused by group b streptococcus occurred in three very low birthweight infants. to prevent further nosocomial transmission, immune globulin and ampicillin sodium were administered intravenously to other very low birthweight infants. after this prophylaxis, no other infants were involved in this outbreak. immuno- and chemoprophylaxis may be considered as procedures to prevent nosocomial infection for very low birthweight infants. | 1994 | 8165917 |
| pediatric blood cultures. | the clinical and laboratory issues important in pediatric blood cultures are similar to those in adult blood cultures with a few noteworthy exceptions. the collection of an uncontaminated specimen and an ample volume of blood is more difficult, especially in neonates. in addition, children often have previously received oral antibiotics or a broad-spectrum parenteral antibiotic. the relative frequencies of the pathogens causing bacteremia in children are different in important ways from in adult ... | 1994 | 8181229 |
| neonatology. | group b streptococcus continues to be the leading cause of serious perinatal infection in the united states. the recent discovery that vascular tone is influenced by nitric oxide has been applied to neonatology. | 1994 | 8182850 |
| effects of group b streptococcus toxin on long-term survival of mice bearing transplanted madison lung tumors. | gbs toxin is a polysaccharide exotoxin produced by group b streptococcus. this organism causes sepsis and respiratory distress in human neonates (so-called early onset disease). this disease is marked by a strong inflammatory response only in the lung, with pulmonary sequestration of granulocytes and extensive capillary endothelial damage, and occurs only during the first few days after birth. we have found that a similar inflammatory response can be induced by i.v. infusion of picomole quantiti ... | 1994 | 8207046 |
| strategies for the prevention of early-onset neonatal group b streptococcal sepsis: a decision analysis. | to perform a decision analysis to understand better the implications of 19 potential group b streptococcus screening and treatment strategies. | 1994 | 8134056 |
| selective intrapartum prophylaxis for group b streptococcus colonization: management and outcome of newborns. | intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (iap) in mothers with group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization presents difficult neonatal management decisions. iap was instituted in response to an increased incidence of early-onset gbs sepsis (eogbss), and a study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of these newborns. | 1994 | 8134220 |
| loofah sponges as reservoirs and vehicles in the transmission of potentially pathogenic bacterial species to human skin. | loofah sponges are natural products used as exfoliative beauty aids. as a consequence of tracing a case of pseudomonas aeruginosa folliculitis to a contaminated loofah sponge, we assessed the role of loofah sponges in supporting the growth of a wide variety of bacterial species. our data show growth enhancement of sterile loofah fragments for numerous gram-negative (pseudomonas, xanthomonas, and klebsiella) and gram-positive (enterococcus and group b streptococcus) species of human and environme ... | 1994 | 8150959 |
| group b streptococcal metastatic endophthalmitis. | reports of invasive group b streptococcus infection in adults with underlying medical conditions have been increasing. ocular infection with this organism is unusual. metastatic endophthalmitis in adults caused by this organism has been reported rarely and has only been associated with endocarditis. we encountered two cases of group b streptococcal metastatic endophthalmitis in adults who did not have endocarditis. these cases reflect the increasing incidence of invasive group b streptococcus in ... | 1994 | 8154532 |
| thromboxane and pulmonary morphometry in the development of the pulmonary hypertensive response to group b streptococcus. | to clarify the mechanism of the development of a severe pulmonary hypertensive response to group b streptococcus. | 1994 | 8125003 |
| antibody fc functional activity of intravenous immunoglobulin preparations treated with solvent-detergent for virus inactivation. | we report here results of in vitro comparisons of the fc functional activity of a second-generation intravenous immunoglobulin (igiv) preparation (venoglobulin-i) and a third-generation igiv product that includes a deliberate virus-inactivation step (venoglobulin-s). both formulations showed equivalent fc-mediated function against viral antigens (rubella, influenza a, and influenza b) by single-radial hemolysis test, and against group b streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli b ... | 1994 | 7701803 |
| clinical assessment of the rapid latex agglutination screening test for group b streptococcus. | 1994 | 7705537 | |
| group b streptococcus revisited. | though the incidence of early-onset neonatal group b streptococci (gbs) infection is relatively low, it remains a significant diagnosis because of its pernicious consequences. treatment measures have been directed at antepartum, intrapartum, and neonatal patients in an effort to reduce gbs infections. neonatal nurses must monitor infants at risk closely and be prepared to act to minimize impact of gbs. | 1994 | 7708458 |
| stability and activity of intravenous immunoglobulin with neonatal dextrose and total parenteral nutrient solutions. | to determine in vitro the compatibility of reconstituted intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) (gammagard, baxter-hyland) with five different neonatal and pediatric intravenous solutions in viaflex polyvinyl chloride bags. | 1994 | 7803872 |
| antibody-independent protection in mice against type ia group b streptococcus lethal infection. | there is ample evidence that protection against group b streptococcal (gbs) disease, both in experimental animals and in humans, is related to the presence of specific antibodies and complement. however, until now the possibility of increasing resistance to gbs infection by potentiating natural cell-mediated immunity in the host, has not been explored. in this study we examine the effect of administering in vivo mve-2 (a polymer fraction of 1,2-co-polymer of divinyl ether and maleic anhydride) a ... | 1994 | 7804166 |
| the effects of growth in human serum on an acapsular group b streptococcus mutant. | a group b streptococcus type iii (gbs) mutant which, when grown in todd hewitt broth (thb), does not produce any detectable capsule, produced a clearly visible polysaccharide capsule when grown in human serum. we isolated cytoplasmic membranes from gbs and separated the component membrane proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. a significant change in membrane composition was found during growth in human serum. several unique proteins were produced on serum growth and there was both up- ... | 1994 | 7812272 |
| [serotyping of group b streptococcus in microbiological samples at the robert-ballanger hospital]. | from february to september 1993, we have established the serotype of group b streptococcus (gbs) taken from diverse microbiological samples, in particular from gastric liquids. the method utilized was a technic of coagglutination (dako group b streptococcus serotyping test, france) allowing the search for serotypes ia, ib, ii, iii, iv and v. all in all, 169 samples have been tested: 117 vaginal samples, 17 diverse samples, 26 gastric samples, 3 placentas and 7 ammmiotic liquids. serotypes are sp ... | 1994 | 7824330 |
| bacterial meningitis in children: etiology and clinical features, an 11-year review of 618 cases. | during the period january 1980 to december 1990 (11 years) a retrospective study of patients with bacterial meningitis who were admitted to bangkok children's hospital was carried out. there were 618 patients with 77 cases (12.5%) occurring below the age of one month (neonatal meningitis), and 541 cases (87.5%) between one month to 15 years (childhood meningitis). pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common pathogenic organism (16.9%) in neonatal meningitis; other causative agents in this age gro ... | 1994 | 7824999 |
| serogroup distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of beta-hemolytic streptococci in clinical isolates. | three hundred and four strains of beta-hemolytic streptococci were isolated from different patients at siriraj hospital during 1989-1990. among these strains, 24.01% were group a, 23.03% were group b, 2.96% were group c, 29.61% were group d, 0.66% were group f, 6.25% were group g and 13.48% could not be grouped by using the lancefield reference method. the distribution of each serogroup according to the types of clinical specimens was also studied. from pus, group a streptococcus (44.8%) was the ... | 1994 | 7825004 |
| acute bacterial meningitis in the newborn. | acute bacterial meningitis is more common during the neonatal period than at any other time of life and is accompanied by a high incidence of mortality and long term significant sequelae. the incidence of neonatal meningitis is variously calculated at between 0.25 and 0.32 per 1000 live births depending on the inclusion criteria. there is no evidence that the incidence has changed during the last 25 years although during this time there have been dramatic changes in the neonatal population. the ... | 1994 | 7844075 |
| the prevention of low birthweight and its sequelae. | low birthweight and its components preterm birth and fetal growth retardation account for the vast majority of perinatal mortality and more than 50% of the long term neurologic morbidity. | 1994 | 7845928 |
| antepartum screening and non-selective intrapartum chemoprophylaxis for group b streptococcus. | 1994 | 7848257 | |
| [pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefozopran in the field of pediatrics]. | cefozopran (czop) was administered intravenously to 22 infants (aged 3 months to 15 years) with infections excluding suppurative meningitis in doses of 10 to 40 mg/kg 3 to 4 times daily for periods of 3 to 16 days and its efficacy and safety in infantile infections as well as pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. the half-lives of czop after intravenous administration at doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg were 2.84, 2.36 +/- 0.67, and 2.48 hours, respectively. the rates of recovery in the urine ... | 1994 | 7853683 |
| an intervention to reduce the risk of mother-to-infant hiv transmission: results of a pilot toxicity study. | although unproven, vaginal cleansing with antiseptics during labour could be a practical approach to reducing the rate of transmission of hiv infection from mother to infant. before initiating a large scale clinical trial of the antiseptic chlorhexidine, we conducted a study to assess possible toxic effects as well as beneficial outcomes in 160 women volunteers: 40 non-pregnant chlorhexidine washed, 40 pregnant not washed, 40 pregnant saline washed, and 40 pregnant chlorhexidine washed. the wash ... | 1994 | 7859654 |
| phase variation in streptococci of serological group b. characteristic properties of isolates from human and bovine infection. | encapsulation is thought to be a critical virulence factor in streptococci of serological group b. in the present study two encapsulated low-density variants could be separated from their unencapsulated original strains by percoll gradient centrifugation. the original strains had been isolated from human endocarditis and bovine mastitis. type antigen preparations of the encapsulated human and bovine group b streptococcus reacted with type iii- and type iv-specific antiserum, respectively. no com ... | 1994 | 7888161 |
| evaluation of new granada medium (modified) for the antenatal screening of group b streptococcus. | new granada medium (ngm), modified by the substitution of trimethoprim for methotrexate, was compared to a selective todd-hewitt broth (npc broth) and direct plating onto edwards medium for assessment of genital carriage of group b streptococcus in pregnant women. whilst ngm was found to be less sensitive (85%) than npc broth (95%) and more sensitive than edwards medium (67%), its use reduced the direct laboratory cost of screening by approximately 41% and also improved the time to report a resu ... | 1994 | 7892055 |
| the changing face of neonatal infection: experience at a regional medical center. | the incidence, etiology and timing of neonatal infection were assessed in a regional neonatal intensive care unit from 1983 through 1992. infection onset was considered as very early (< 24 hours), early (1 to 7 days) or late (8 to 60 days). case-fatality rates were determined for different weight groups and time periods (1983 to 1987 vs. 1988 to 1992). overall neonatal sepsis incidence changed very little, but there was a marked decrease in very early onset sepsis in 1988 to 1992 especially in v ... | 1994 | 7892077 |
| opsonic activity of commercially available standard intravenous immunoglobulin preparations. | several standard intravenous immunoglobulin g (ivig) products are available in the united states and have been used with the intent to treat or prevent infections in neonates. we evaluated more than 100 lots of ivig, from 6 products, to determine the amount of opsonic antibody against neonatal pathogens. neutrophil-mediated opsonophagocytosis was used to determine opsonic activity in these preparations for staphylococcus epidermidis; haemophilus influenzae type b; streptococcus pneumoniae seroty ... | 1994 | 7892082 |
| [characteristics of the course of pregnancy and labor, fetal and neonatal outcome in group b streptococcus carriers]. | a retrospective analysis of the course of pregnancy, labor and its outcome for the fetus and newborn in 103 women in whose lochia group b streptococcus was found showed a high incidence of pregnancy complications (threatened abortions in 36.9%, late gestosis in 40.7%; high incidence (21.3%) of acute respiratory viral infections during pregnancy; 27.5% of women suffered from chronic pyelonephritis. preterm labor occurred in 21.7% of cases. preterm escape of amniotic fluid and rapid parturition to ... | 1994 | 7892946 |
| prevalence of group b streptococcal colonization in pregnant third trimester women in trinidad. | a study of colonization by group b streptococcus was conducted in 204 pregnant women in their third trimester. positive cultures were obtained from vaginal and rectal swabs in 64 (31.4%) of these women. no significant differences in colonization rates were noted on the basis of ethnicity (race) and gravidity. however, there was a significant difference in the rate of colonization of vagina and rectum. fifty-two (25.5%) women had positive isolates from vaginal swabs compared with 26 (12.7%) women ... | 1994 | 7916362 |
| detection of group b streptococcus. comparison of solid and liquid culture media with and without selective antibiotics. | a total of 952 consecutive vaginal swabs were obtained from patients who attended obstetric or gynecologic clinics affiliated with the children's hospital of buffalo, new york. swabs were cultured comparatively on 5% sheep blood agar (ba), selective sheep blood agar containing 1.25 micrograms/ml trimethoprim-23.75 micrograms/ml sulfamethoxazole (sxt), and lim broth (todd-hewitt broth containing 1% yeast extract, 10 micrograms/ml colistin, and 15 micrograms/ml nalidixic acid). a total of 168 swab ... | 1994 | 7924204 |
| [culture media for the detection and the identification of streptococcus agalactiae]. | streptococcus agalactiae, a group b streptococcus, is the main cause of bacterial perinatal infection and is also an important opportunistic pathogen. detection and identification of s. agalactiae are straight forward with special culture media, where group b streptococci show a specific, typical pink or red pigment. to quickly and easily detect the pigment, culture media should contain: (i) starch; (ii) an inhibitor of the folate pathway; (iii) animal serum; (iv) a pepsic proteic hydrolysate; a ... | 1994 | 7946121 |
| characterization of cmp-n-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase of group b streptococci. | the capsular polysaccharide is a critical virulence factor for group b streptococci associated with human infections, yet little is known about capsule biosynthesis. we detected cmp-neu5ac synthetase, the enzyme which activates n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac, or sialic acid) for transfer to the nascent capsular polysaccharide, in multiple group b streptococcus serotypes, all of which elaborate capsules containing neu5ac. cmp-neu5ac synthetase isolated from a high-producing type ib strain was pu ... | 1994 | 7961510 |
| neonatal meningitis in england and wales: a review of routine national data. | the objective of this study was to describe trends in neonatal meningitis in england and wales during the years 1975-91. laboratory reports and, for the years 1983-91, data on statutory notifications and deaths from neonatal meningitis were reviewed. the mean annual total of laboratory reports of neonatal bacterial meningitis 1975-91 was 109 cases (range 69-133) with a slight upward trend apparent in the latter half of the study period. the mean annual number of reports of neonatal viral meningi ... | 1994 | 7979482 |
| delayed-onset postpartum meningitis due to group b streptococcus. | 1994 | 7986916 | |
| complement and antibody in neutrophil-mediated killing of type v group b streptococcus. | serious infections caused by type v group b streptococci (gbs) are increasing. the requirements for antibody, complement, and neutrophil receptors in the killing of 12 clinical type v gbs isolates were investigated. when tested at concentrations of 33%, 5% and 1%, a human serum pool promoted neutrophil-mediated killing of the 12 isolates at a mean of 83% +/- 9%, 77% +/- 17%, and 14% +/- 28%, respectively. addition of heated immune rabbit serum to the 5% or 1% pool increased killing significantly ... | 1994 | 8014526 |
| growth of group b streptococci in human serum leads to increased cell surface sialic acid and decreased activation of the alternative complement pathway. | group b streptococcus type iii is a major cause of neonatal death. the terminal sialic acid moiety of the group b streptococcus type specific capsule has been shown to be an important virulence factor. we demonstrate here that bacteria grown in human serum have increased cell surface sialic acid content compared with cells grown in common laboratory media. this sialic acid was removed by incubation with neuraminidase, showing that it was on the bacterial surface. serum-dependent sialylation was ... | 1994 | 8019940 |
| renal abscess caused by group b streptococcus. | 1994 | 8038337 | |
| electrotransformation of streptococcus agalactiae with plasmid dna. | a protocol for efficient electrotransformation of streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) lancefield's strain o90r (ntct 9993) (an unencapsulated derivative of type ia strain o90) was developed. the escherichia coli-streptococcus shuttle vector pdp28 (7.8 kb) carrying the ermb gene for resistance to erythromycin was used as donor dna. frozen 'electrocompetent' cells were prepared by repeated washes in 10% glycerol. a 50-microliters aliquot containing about 5 x 10(9) colony forming units ... | 1994 | 8039669 |
| group b streptococcus-induced nitric oxide production in murine macrophages is cr3 (cd11b/cd18) dependent. | nitric oxide (no) is produced by murine macrophages in response to cytokines and/or gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide. no induction by gram-positive bacteria such as group b streptococci (gbs), the major etiologic agents of neonatal pneumonia and meningitis, has received little study. gbs as well as two other gram-positive bacterial species, staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis, were found to stimulate no production in thioglycolate-elicited murine macrophages and in the ... | 1994 | 8039877 |
| maternal carriage and neonatal colonisation of group b streptococci in labour are uncommon in turkey. | group b streptococcus infection is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. we studied 114 women and their newborns to determine the relationship between maternal carriage and neonatal group b streptococcal colonisation. rectal, cervical and vaginal swabs were taken at delivery. within a few minutes of birth, swab specimens were also taken from throat, ear, umbilicus, conjunctiva and skin of the newborns. group b streptococcus was isolated in 10 (8.7%) of the 114 pregnant women st ... | 1994 | 8047486 |
| antepartum screening and non-selective intrapartum chemoprophylaxis for group b streptococcus. | the efficacy of antibiotic chemoprophylaxis in labour for all maternal carriers of group b streptococcus with respect to the neonatal mortality and morbidity was analyzed. the intervention consisted of a policy of maternal screening for group b streptococcus at 28 weeks' gestation by a low vaginal swab, cultured on to nonselective media. if positive, all carriers were treated with intrapartum ampicillin regardless of other obstetric risk factors. the main outcome measures were studied prospectiv ... | 1994 | 8053870 |
| group b streptococcus: perinatal considerations. | group b streptococcal (gbs) infections are responsible for significant perinatal morbidity and mortality in the united states. it has been proposed that to prevent neonatal sepsis, all pregnant women be screened for gbs colonization, and that intrapartum antibiotics be used in certain high-risk situations. these recommendations are controversial, as is the current management of the asymptomatic newborn of a gbs-colonized mother. | 1994 | 8057068 |
| the stabilization of a human igm monoclonal antibody with poly(vinylpyrrolidone). | an igm anti-group b streptococcus monoclonal antibody (4b9) was found to undergo irreversible heat-induced aggregation at 50 degrees c. a variety of excipients was tested for their ability to inhibit antibody aggregation. the amount of 4b9 aggregation, which was determined by analysis on a size-exclusion hplc, was significantly reduced in the presence of low concentrations [between 0.1 and 1.0% (w/v)] of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (pvp) molecules ranging in molecular weight from 10 to 40 kda. when t ... | 1994 | 8058628 |
| value of a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for maternal vaginal group b streptococcus colonization. | because group b streptococci maternal colonization is a risk factor for the development of neonatal sepsis, a commercially available rapid test was evaluated for its ability to detect intrapartum maternal colonization. a total of 180 paired vaginal swabs were cultured for group b streptococci and assayed by the equate test. of the 15 positive cultures, only 1 was detected by the equate test, resulting in a sensitivity of 7% and a false-negative rate of 93%. the equate test detected group b strep ... | 1994 | 8064423 |
| anterior fontanel herniation in group b streptococcus meningitis in newborns. | brain herniation at any site is a rare complication of neonatal meningitis. two cases of anterior fontanel herniation, associated with group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus meningitis are reported. this finding is a poor prognostic sign. | 1994 | 8068163 |
| neonatal sepsis and meningitis in a developing latin american country. | in a retrospective study at hospital del niño in panama city, panama, 577 neonates with culture-proved sepsis and/or meningitis were identified during an 18-year period (1975 to 1992). overall there was an incidence of 3.5 cases/1000 live births. three hundred thirty-three patients (58%) were of low birth weight (< 2500 g) and 260 (45%) were premature. gram-negative bacilli, particularly species of klebsiella and escherichia coli, were responsible for 61% of infections, whereas gram-positive iso ... | 1994 | 8078740 |
| meconium aspiration syndrome and neonatal outcome in a developing country. | the outcome in 148 inborn meconium-stained neonates was studied prospectively over a 5-month period. fifty-three infants (38.5%) developed meconium aspiration syndrome (mas). there was a significantly higher rate of mas (p < 0.001), mechanical ventilation (p < 0.016) and hospital stay (p < 0.016) in neonates with meconium in the trachea than in neonates with no meconium in the oropharynx. the incidence of mas was significantly higher and the duration of hospital stay longer in outborn than in in ... | 1994 | 7516134 |
| effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition during group b streptococcal sepsis in neonatal piglets. | nitric oxide (no), an important vasodilatory modulator of systemic and pulmonary vascular tone, is synthesized from l-arginine by the enzyme no synthase in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. l-arginine analogs, such as n omega-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-name), are competitive antagonists of no synthase and inhibit no synthesis. group b streptococcus (gbs) causes pulmonary hypertension, hypoxemia, lung vascular injury, and reduced cardiac output in both human newborns and neonata ... | 1994 | 7534903 |
| comparison of culture and rapid enzyme immunoassay for the detection of group b streptococcus in high-risk pregnancies. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the equate strep b(r) test for clinical use in patients at high risk for complications from group b streptococcus (gbs) disease. | 1994 | 18475376 |
| group b streptococcus meningitis following elective termination of pregnancy: two case reports. | although maternal group b streptococcus (gbs) infections are common, serious infections are rare with prompt diagnosis and treatment. we present 2 cases of gbs meningitis occurring 3 and 10 days after elective abortion. in the first patient, gbs meningitis was definitely related to the elective termination. in the second patient, however, no evidence for a causal relationship could be established and can only be presumed. | 1995 | 18475408 |
| significance of gram's stain in rapid intrapartum screening for maternal carriership of group b streptococcus. | group b streptococcus (gbs, streptococcus agalactiae) is an important cause of neonatal sepsis. prevention is possible by intrapartum screening for maternal gbs carriership and antimicrobial treatment of colonized women with risk factors during labor. the conflicting results of diagnostic performance are reported both for the newly developed rapid gbs antigen tests and gram's stain. | 1995 | 18476031 |
| [neonatal arthritis of the hip due to group b streptococcus]. | the authors describe a case of neonatal osteoarthritis of the hip due to group b streptococcus and discuss the importance of recognizing this bacteria in the late focal infections of the newborn. | 1995 | 14689016 |
| initial approach to the infant younger than 2 months of age who presents with fever. | fever is common in infants presenting to their physicians for evaluation. infants younger than 2 months of age are at increased risk of sbi because of their exposure to different pathogens and because of their immature immune systems. the bacteria that may infect them include e coli, group b streptococcus, and l monocytogenes, as well as pneumococcus, neisseria meningitidis, s aureus, and h influenzae. they are also susceptible to viruses, parasites, and fungi. clinical characteristics associate ... | 1995 | 16731350 |
| group b streptococcus and e. coli lps-induced no-dependent hyporesponsiveness to noradrenaline in isolated intrapulmonary arteries of neonatal piglets. | 1. the effects of endotoxin (e. coli lipopolysaccharide, lps) and heat inactivated group b streptococcus (gbs) were studied on the contractile responses to noradrenaline (na) in isolated pulmonary arteries and on the activity of the constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase (nos) in lung fragments of neonatal piglets. 2. short-term (< or = 5 h) incubation with lps (1 micrograms ml-1) or gbs (3 x 10(7) colonies forming units ml-1) did not modify the vascular responsiveness to na (10(-8) m- ... | 1995 | 7545518 |
| randomized study of vaginal chlorhexidine disinfection during labor to prevent vertical transmission of group b streptococci. | to evaluate the effect of vaginal disinfection with chlorhexidine gel during labor on vertical transmission of group b streptococcus, as a method to prevent vertical transmission and subsequent neonatal early onset group b streptococcal disease. | 1995 | 7556834 |
| group b streptococcus during the perinatal period. | the beta hemolytic streptococcus group b (gbs) emerged as a major pathologic threat to infants in the 1960s and continues to be the leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity in the 1990s. current approaches to prevention are directed toward eliminating exposure to the pathogen through chemoprophylaxis or enhancing host resistance through immunoprophylaxis. because research is advancing rapidly in this area, perinatal nurses should keep abreast of changes in prevention and treatment strate ... | 1995 | 7562140 |
| dose-response to inhaled nitric oxide in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure of newborn infants: a preliminary report. | in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure of term and near-term neonates, extra- and intrapulmonary right-to-left shunting contribute to refractory hypoxemia. inhaled nitric oxide (no) decreases pulmonary arterial pressure and improves ventilation-perfusion mismatch in a variety of animal models and selected human patients. we report on 10 consecutive term and near-term newborns with severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to diaphragmatic hernia, meconium aspiration syndrome, group b strept ... | 1995 | 7567204 |
| prenatal screening for group b streptococcus. i. impact of antepartum screening on antenatal prophylaxis and intrapartum care. | our purpose was to evaluate current obstetric practice regarding screening and prophylaxis for group b streptococcus and to evaluate the impact of screening on antepartum and intrapartum care. | 1995 | 7573254 |