| the accuracy and patient preference for self-collected group b streptococcus cultures. | our purpose was to determine the accuracy of and patient attitudes regarding self-collected group b streptococcus cultures. | 1995 | 7485347 |
| [clinical aspects and diagnosis of neonatal infections caused by group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus]. | early-onset infection findings caused by group b streptococcus occur within 24 hours of birth (60 per cent of cases) but they may appear anytime during the first 5 days of life. in our experience early-onset infection affects both preterm and term neonates. the authors report the usual clinical signs described for bacterial infections. unusual findings are also reported: among 34 infants with early-onset infection, the congenital diaphragmatic hernia was associated with gbs septicemia in two neo ... | 1995 | 7491322 |
| [therapy of neonatal infection caused by group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus]. | expectant therapy for early group b streptococcus onset septicemia must provide coverage against other microorganism, such as l. monocytogenes, h. influenzae and s. pneumoniae. it is possible to administer a combination of antimicrobial agents with activity against all or the most likely pathogens. thus initial expectant therapy includes a broad spectrum semisynthetic penicillin (e.g. ampicillin) and an aminoglycoside (e.g. netilmicin). vancomicin, teicoplanin and cefotaxime may also be used. su ... | 1995 | 7491323 |
| meconium aspiration syndrome and neonatal outcome in a developing country. | the outcome in 148 inborn meconium-stained neonates was studied prospectively over a 5-month period. fifty-three infants (38.5%) developed meconium aspiration syndrome (mas). there was a significantly higher rate of mas (p < 0.001), mechanical ventilation (p < 0.016) and hospital stay (p < 0.016) in neonates with meconium in the trachea than in neonates with no meconium in the oropharynx. the incidence of mas was significantly higher and the duration of hospital stay longer in outborn than in in ... | 1994 | 7516134 |
| effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition during group b streptococcal sepsis in neonatal piglets. | nitric oxide (no), an important vasodilatory modulator of systemic and pulmonary vascular tone, is synthesized from l-arginine by the enzyme no synthase in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. l-arginine analogs, such as n omega-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-name), are competitive antagonists of no synthase and inhibit no synthesis. group b streptococcus (gbs) causes pulmonary hypertension, hypoxemia, lung vascular injury, and reduced cardiac output in both human newborns and neonata ... | 1994 | 7534903 |
| group b streptococcus and e. coli lps-induced no-dependent hyporesponsiveness to noradrenaline in isolated intrapulmonary arteries of neonatal piglets. | 1. the effects of endotoxin (e. coli lipopolysaccharide, lps) and heat inactivated group b streptococcus (gbs) were studied on the contractile responses to noradrenaline (na) in isolated pulmonary arteries and on the activity of the constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase (nos) in lung fragments of neonatal piglets. 2. short-term (< or = 5 h) incubation with lps (1 micrograms ml-1) or gbs (3 x 10(7) colonies forming units ml-1) did not modify the vascular responsiveness to na (10(-8) m- ... | 1995 | 7545518 |
| randomized study of vaginal chlorhexidine disinfection during labor to prevent vertical transmission of group b streptococci. | to evaluate the effect of vaginal disinfection with chlorhexidine gel during labor on vertical transmission of group b streptococcus, as a method to prevent vertical transmission and subsequent neonatal early onset group b streptococcal disease. | 1995 | 7556834 |
| group b streptococcus during the perinatal period. | the beta hemolytic streptococcus group b (gbs) emerged as a major pathologic threat to infants in the 1960s and continues to be the leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity in the 1990s. current approaches to prevention are directed toward eliminating exposure to the pathogen through chemoprophylaxis or enhancing host resistance through immunoprophylaxis. because research is advancing rapidly in this area, perinatal nurses should keep abreast of changes in prevention and treatment strate ... | 1995 | 7562140 |
| dose-response to inhaled nitric oxide in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure of newborn infants: a preliminary report. | in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure of term and near-term neonates, extra- and intrapulmonary right-to-left shunting contribute to refractory hypoxemia. inhaled nitric oxide (no) decreases pulmonary arterial pressure and improves ventilation-perfusion mismatch in a variety of animal models and selected human patients. we report on 10 consecutive term and near-term newborns with severe acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to diaphragmatic hernia, meconium aspiration syndrome, group b strept ... | 1995 | 7567204 |
| prenatal screening for group b streptococcus. i. impact of antepartum screening on antenatal prophylaxis and intrapartum care. | our purpose was to evaluate current obstetric practice regarding screening and prophylaxis for group b streptococcus and to evaluate the impact of screening on antepartum and intrapartum care. | 1995 | 7573254 |
| prenatal screening for group b streptococcus. ii. impact of antepartum screening and prophylaxis on neonatal care. | our purpose was to evaluate the current practice of antimicrobial prophylaxis of preterm and low-birth-weight infants and to determine the impact of intrapartum fever, group b streptococcus carriage, intrapartum antimicrobial therapy, and duration of membrane rupture on neonatal therapy. | 1995 | 7573255 |
| the changing face of neonatal septicaemia. | a prospective study was undertaken over a 1-year period in northern jordan to determine the incidence, causes and characteristics of neonatal septicaemia which is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns. the study identified 47 septicaemic neonates, representing an incidence of 2.3/1000 live births. respiratory distress and hyperbilirubinaemia were the prominent presenting clinical findings. gram-negative organisms were cultured from 46 neonates with klebsiella species, accounting f ... | 1995 | 7598444 |
| invasive group b streptococcal disease in children beyond early infancy. | there is little information available on invasive group b streptococcus (gbs) infection in pediatric patients older than 3 months of age. review of infection control records at lebonheur children's medical center from january 1, 1986, to june 30, 1993, identified 143 patients with a positive gbs culture from normally sterile body fluid. medical records of 18 (13%) patients > 3 months old with their first gbs infection were reviewed. age range was 15 weeks to 18 years (median age, 13 months). ten ... | 1995 | 7603808 |
| quality assurance study of bacterial antigen testing of cerebrospinal fluid. | bacterial antigen testing (bat) of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) by latex agglutination is a low-yield procedure in patients whose csf specimens have normal laboratory parameters. between august 1992 and august 1994, we evaluated 287 bacterial antigen (ba) test requests to determine whether yields could be improved and whether patient costs could be reduced by cancelling bat for those patients with normal csf parameters (cell count, protein, glucose) after consultation with physicians. a total of 17 ... | 1995 | 7615718 |
| group b streptococcus: the us controversy. | | 1995 | 7616795 |
| group b streptococcal bacteremia in adults. five years' experience and a review of the literature. | the importance of group b streptococcus (gbs) as a cause of serious infectious disease among adults is not widely appreciated. in adults, the modes of acquisition and transmission are unknown. since most hospital-based studies of gbs bacteremia in adults consist of small numbers of patients, the clinical spectrum of disease is not well described. our retrospective study reviews the clinical features, antimicrobial therapy, and risk factors for mortality of 32 adult patients (18 women and 14 men) ... | 1995 | 7623653 |
| prevention of systemic infections caused by group b streptococcus and staphylococcus aureus by multivalent polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines. | | 1995 | 7625682 |
| increased recovery of group b streptococcus by the inclusion of rectal culturing and enrichment. | detection of intrapartum carriage of group b streptococcus (gbs) and subsequent antibiotic prophylaxis may prevent gbs infections in neonates. because the gastrointestinal tract is the primary source of this organism, detection of carrier status requires both rectal and vaginal swabs. vaginal swabs from 651 obstetric outpatients were plated onto 5% sheep blood agar. a second vaginal and a rectal swab were collected and incubated overnight in an enrichment medium of todd-hewitt broth containing a ... | 1995 | 7628194 |
| neonatal sepsis in dubai, united arab emirates. | the case records of all neonates admitted to the neonatal unit of al wasl hospital (dubai) in a period of 60 months (may 1987-april 1992) were analysed. one-hundred-and-six neonates had confirmed sepsis. the most common causative organisms were group b streptococci (23 per cent), e. coli (17 per cent), staph. epidermidis (17 per cent), and klebsiella pneumoniae (16 per cent). group b streptococcus presented as the most common organism in very early (< or = 24 hours) and early onset (2-6 days) of ... | 1995 | 7636939 |
| purification of preparative quantities of group b streptococcus type iii oligosaccharides. | many bacterial capsular polysaccharides are regularly repeating units of oligosaccharides. bacterial oligosaccharides have been used in neoglycoconjugate vaccines and as reagents in the study of specific antibody binding. unfortunately, separation methods have not been adequate for the purification of preparative quantities of bacterial oligosaccharides. here we describe a size-exclusion procedure that resulted in the resolution of group b streptococcus type iii oligosaccharides composed of 4-25 ... | 1995 | 7640771 |
| tumor necrosis factor alpha acts as an autocrine second signal with gamma interferon to induce nitric oxide in group b streptococcus-treated macrophages. | nitric oxide production by mouse macrophages treated with group b streptococci and gamma interferon was inhibited by cytochalasin b or by antibody neutralization of macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor alpha. phagocytosis-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha is responsible for group b streptococcus-induced nitric oxide production in interferon-treated macrophages. | 1995 | 7642312 |
| [acute encephalitis and bacterial meningitis in children in aichi prefecture (1984-1993)]. | a survey was performed of acute encephalitis and bacterial meningitis in infancy and childhood from 1984 to 1993 using a questionnaire directed to departments of pediatrics in large hospitals in aichi prefecture. the case records for 391 patients with acute encephalitis including related diseases and 328 patients with bacterial meningitis were obtained from 63 hospitals. of 391 patients with acute encephalitis, 224 were male and 167 were female. of 328 patients with bacterial meningitis, 200 wer ... | 1995 | 7647351 |
| rapid bacterial antigen detection is not clinically useful. | latex agglutination (la) of capsular polysaccharide bacterial antigen is a frequently performed laboratory procedure, but its use is controversial. to assess the clinical utility of this test, we reviewed all la tests performed over a 10-month period at two sites, a major university-based referral center and a private specialty pediatric hospital. samples were assayed either individually or as a panel for the group b streptococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and three sets ... | 1995 | 7650172 |
| group b streptococcus. | | 1995 | 7658833 |
| group b streptococcus. | | 1995 | 7658834 |
| use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the septic neonate. | extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) is widely used for cardiopulmonary support in neonates with cardiopulmonary failure secondary to overwhelming sepsis. the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of culture status on the eventual outcome of septic neonates requiring ecmo support. data from the extracorporeal life support organization (elso) for the tears 1990 through 1992 inclusive were collected and analyzed for all neonates with a primary diagnosis of sepsis. records were rev ... | 1995 | 7666313 |
| neonatal group b streptococcus infection--recommendations for screening and prophylaxis. | | 1995 | 7667989 |
| group b streptococcus and pregnancy. | | 1995 | 7677672 |
| a prospective study of the microbiological environment of the genitourinary tract in hong kong chinese women during pregnancy. | microbiological colonization of the genitourinary tract in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of preterm labour and delivery. in our population, the risk of preterm labour is relatively low, and the purpose of this study was to examine the microbiological environment of the genitourinary tract to determine whether it differed from that reported in populations where the rate of preterm delivery is higher. a prospective study was made in 367 unselected women between 16 and 24 weeks' ge ... | 1995 | 7677683 |
| evaluation of two rapid tests for detection of maternal endocervical group b streptococcus: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gram stain. | to establish the reliability of two rapid tests for detection of group b streptococcus, the new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the gram stain. in addition, we wished to determine whether the combination of these tests would increase test sensitivity. | 1993 | 7685873 |
| sensitivity and specificity of rapid diagnostic tests for detection of group b streptococcal antigen in bacteremic neonates. | latex particle agglutination (lpa) testing for antigen to group b streptococcus (gbs) has been useful in the diagnosis of gbs sepsis in newborns. however, recent reports have demonstrated that the sensitivity of lpa assays may be as low as 27 to 54%. the purposes of the present study were to directly compare the abilities of four urine antigen assays to detect gbs antigen with clinical urine samples from neonates with gbs bacteremia and to evaluate the effect of the urine concentration on the se ... | 1995 | 7699040 |
| antibody fc functional activity of intravenous immunoglobulin preparations treated with solvent-detergent for virus inactivation. | we report here results of in vitro comparisons of the fc functional activity of a second-generation intravenous immunoglobulin (igiv) preparation (venoglobulin-i) and a third-generation igiv product that includes a deliberate virus-inactivation step (venoglobulin-s). both formulations showed equivalent fc-mediated function against viral antigens (rubella, influenza a, and influenza b) by single-radial hemolysis test, and against group b streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli b ... | 1994 | 7701803 |
| clinical assessment of the rapid latex agglutination screening test for group b streptococcus. | | 1994 | 7705537 |
| group b streptococcus revisited. | though the incidence of early-onset neonatal group b streptococci (gbs) infection is relatively low, it remains a significant diagnosis because of its pernicious consequences. treatment measures have been directed at antepartum, intrapartum, and neonatal patients in an effort to reduce gbs infections. neonatal nurses must monitor infants at risk closely and be prepared to act to minimize impact of gbs. | 1994 | 7708458 |
| [osteoarticular infections caused by streptococcus agalactiae. report of 4 cases]. | streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) is a rare etiology of osteoarticular infection in adults. in a literature review (medline-embase plus) up until may 1994, we have found only 51 cases. in most patients, diabetes mellitus, liver disease or long-term steroid therapy were documented. | 1995 | 7711134 |
| group b streptococcus. is it time for a screening program? | group b streptococcal infection often causes perinatal sepsis. early diagnosis is based on a high index of suspicion and laboratory tests. proposed interventions targeted at the antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum periods have met with limited success. screening has not been widely adopted. | 1995 | 7735001 |
| early-onset neonatal group b streptococcal sepsis: economics of various prevention strategies. | to evaluate three strategies for preventing group b streptococcal neonatal sepsis in large teaching hospitals and to examine their cost effectiveness and cost benefit. | 1995 | 7746174 |
| group b streptococcal disease in newborns: a global perspective on prevention. | group b streptococcus (gbs) is an important cause of neonatal sepsis in many areas. although incidence data are available for a minority of countries, the magnitude of illness due to this bacterium appears to vary substantially. disease may vary due to the prevalence of asymptomatic gbs colonization, the virulence of circulating strains, the frequency of predisposing conditions such as low birth weight, or differences in obstetric practices. approaches to prevention of neonatal gbs disease inclu ... | 1995 | 7749075 |
| group b streptococcus. | | 1995 | 7756913 |
| diaphragmatic failure during group b streptococcal sepsis in piglets: the role of thromboxane a2. | group b streptococcus (gbs) causes an impairment of diaphragmatic pressure generation (pdi) in 2-wk-old piglets, whereas 4-wk-old piglets are unaffected. in this study, we examined the effect on 4-wk-old piglets of a higher dose of gbs than previously utilized. we sought to determine whether an eicosanoid product of arachidonic acid metabolism accounted for the decrease in pdi during gbs infusion and whether thromboxane a2 (txa2) is the putative eicosanoid mediator of decreased pdi during gbs in ... | 1995 | 7759417 |
| no lumbar puncture in the evaluation for early neonatal sepsis: will meningitis be missed? | we performed this investigation to assess whether selective approaches to performing lumbar puncture (lp) in the early neonatal period will result in a missed or delayed diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. | 1995 | 7761203 |
| in vivo hemolytic activity of group b streptococcus is dependent on erythrocyte-bacteria contact and independent of a carrier molecule. | experiments were performed to determine the interaction between the hemolysin of group b streptococcus (gbs) and sheep erythrocytes. growing gbs were shown to possess a potent hemolysin at a very early stage of the growth cycle. after separation of the cells from the growth medium, all the hemolytic activity remained with the bacterial cells, and no activity could be detected in the growth medium. when fetal calf serum was added to the media, some "soluble" activity was detected. this activity, ... | 1995 | 7767229 |
| [perinatal colonization of group b streptococcus: a study in 600 cases in beijing tiantan hospital]. | an epidemiologic study of perinatal colonization of group b streptococcus (gbs) was carried out. six hundred mother-infant pairs were studied at beijing tiantan hospital. maternal carriage rate of gbs was 8% with a neonatal colonization rate of 6.7%. overall perinatal carriage rate was 13%. women with perinatal colonization showed prone to have more premature and low birth weight babies. we did not find that perinatal colonization was associated with prolonged rupture of membranes and iugr in ou ... | 1995 | 7767925 |
| neonatal meningitis: a 3-year retrospective study at the mount hope women's hospital, trinidad, west indies. | the objective of this 3-year (1988-1990) retrospective study was to report the experience with neonatal meningitis at the neonatal intensive care unit, mount hope women's hospital, trinidad, west indies. neonates were included in the study if organisms were cultured from the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and/or if there was a pleocytosis (> or = 100/mm3) in the csf. there were 49 neonates with meningitis out of a total of 17,048 live born (lb) infants during the 3-year period to give an overall inci ... | 1995 | 7776392 |
| [validation trial of a neonatal prophylactic antibiotic protocol in the delivery room]. | maternofetal infection occurs in 1 to 10 of every 1,000 newborns. prognosis is poor and an extremely rapid the clinical course is sometimes observed. the situation suggests that widespread use of antibiotics and more than 90% of the newborns receiving antibiotics are not infected. a prospective study based on simple, recognized criteria predictive of maternal-fetal infection was conducted in 3,392 deliveries to evaluate the effect of an antibiotic prophylaxy protocol. specificity, sensitivity, p ... | 1995 | 7782594 |
| stability and activity of intravenous immunoglobulin with neonatal dextrose and total parenteral nutrient solutions. | to determine in vitro the compatibility of reconstituted intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig) (gammagard, baxter-hyland) with five different neonatal and pediatric intravenous solutions in viaflex polyvinyl chloride bags. | 1994 | 7803872 |
| antibody-independent protection in mice against type ia group b streptococcus lethal infection. | there is ample evidence that protection against group b streptococcal (gbs) disease, both in experimental animals and in humans, is related to the presence of specific antibodies and complement. however, until now the possibility of increasing resistance to gbs infection by potentiating natural cell-mediated immunity in the host, has not been explored. in this study we examine the effect of administering in vivo mve-2 (a polymer fraction of 1,2-co-polymer of divinyl ether and maleic anhydride) a ... | 1994 | 7804166 |
| the effects of growth in human serum on an acapsular group b streptococcus mutant. | a group b streptococcus type iii (gbs) mutant which, when grown in todd hewitt broth (thb), does not produce any detectable capsule, produced a clearly visible polysaccharide capsule when grown in human serum. we isolated cytoplasmic membranes from gbs and separated the component membrane proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. a significant change in membrane composition was found during growth in human serum. several unique proteins were produced on serum growth and there was both up- ... | 1994 | 7812272 |
| [serotyping of group b streptococcus in microbiological samples at the robert-ballanger hospital]. | from february to september 1993, we have established the serotype of group b streptococcus (gbs) taken from diverse microbiological samples, in particular from gastric liquids. the method utilized was a technic of coagglutination (dako group b streptococcus serotyping test, france) allowing the search for serotypes ia, ib, ii, iii, iv and v. all in all, 169 samples have been tested: 117 vaginal samples, 17 diverse samples, 26 gastric samples, 3 placentas and 7 ammmiotic liquids. serotypes are sp ... | 1994 | 7824330 |
| bacterial meningitis in children: etiology and clinical features, an 11-year review of 618 cases. | during the period january 1980 to december 1990 (11 years) a retrospective study of patients with bacterial meningitis who were admitted to bangkok children's hospital was carried out. there were 618 patients with 77 cases (12.5%) occurring below the age of one month (neonatal meningitis), and 541 cases (87.5%) between one month to 15 years (childhood meningitis). pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common pathogenic organism (16.9%) in neonatal meningitis; other causative agents in this age gro ... | 1994 | 7824999 |
| serogroup distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of beta-hemolytic streptococci in clinical isolates. | three hundred and four strains of beta-hemolytic streptococci were isolated from different patients at siriraj hospital during 1989-1990. among these strains, 24.01% were group a, 23.03% were group b, 2.96% were group c, 29.61% were group d, 0.66% were group f, 6.25% were group g and 13.48% could not be grouped by using the lancefield reference method. the distribution of each serogroup according to the types of clinical specimens was also studied. from pus, group a streptococcus (44.8%) was the ... | 1994 | 7825004 |
| acute bacterial meningitis in the newborn. | acute bacterial meningitis is more common during the neonatal period than at any other time of life and is accompanied by a high incidence of mortality and long term significant sequelae. the incidence of neonatal meningitis is variously calculated at between 0.25 and 0.32 per 1000 live births depending on the inclusion criteria. there is no evidence that the incidence has changed during the last 25 years although during this time there have been dramatic changes in the neonatal population. the ... | 1994 | 7844075 |
| the prevention of low birthweight and its sequelae. | low birthweight and its components preterm birth and fetal growth retardation account for the vast majority of perinatal mortality and more than 50% of the long term neurologic morbidity. | 1994 | 7845928 |
| antepartum screening and non-selective intrapartum chemoprophylaxis for group b streptococcus. | | 1994 | 7848257 |
| [pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefozopran in the field of pediatrics]. | cefozopran (czop) was administered intravenously to 22 infants (aged 3 months to 15 years) with infections excluding suppurative meningitis in doses of 10 to 40 mg/kg 3 to 4 times daily for periods of 3 to 16 days and its efficacy and safety in infantile infections as well as pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. the half-lives of czop after intravenous administration at doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg were 2.84, 2.36 +/- 0.67, and 2.48 hours, respectively. the rates of recovery in the urine ... | 1994 | 7853683 |
| an intervention to reduce the risk of mother-to-infant hiv transmission: results of a pilot toxicity study. | although unproven, vaginal cleansing with antiseptics during labour could be a practical approach to reducing the rate of transmission of hiv infection from mother to infant. before initiating a large scale clinical trial of the antiseptic chlorhexidine, we conducted a study to assess possible toxic effects as well as beneficial outcomes in 160 women volunteers: 40 non-pregnant chlorhexidine washed, 40 pregnant not washed, 40 pregnant saline washed, and 40 pregnant chlorhexidine washed. the wash ... | 1994 | 7859654 |
| enhanced antenatal detection of group b streptococcus colonization. | to improve culture methods for the detection of group b streptococcus colonization. | 1995 | 7862387 |
| universal screening for group b streptococcus: recommendations and obstetricians' practice decisions. | to determine how obstetricians' opinions regarding universal screening of pregnant women for group b streptococcus (gbs) and their responses to positive culture results vary from american academy of pediatrics recommendations, and to determine the physician characteristics that predict divergent opinions. | 1995 | 7862388 |
| systemic bacterial and fungal infections in infants in australian neonatal units. australian study group for neonatal infections. | to examine the pattern and incidence of sepsis occurring in neonatal units in australia. | 1995 | 7877542 |
| phase variation in streptococci of serological group b. characteristic properties of isolates from human and bovine infection. | encapsulation is thought to be a critical virulence factor in streptococci of serological group b. in the present study two encapsulated low-density variants could be separated from their unencapsulated original strains by percoll gradient centrifugation. the original strains had been isolated from human endocarditis and bovine mastitis. type antigen preparations of the encapsulated human and bovine group b streptococcus reacted with type iii- and type iv-specific antiserum, respectively. no com ... | 1994 | 7888161 |
| evaluation of new granada medium (modified) for the antenatal screening of group b streptococcus. | new granada medium (ngm), modified by the substitution of trimethoprim for methotrexate, was compared to a selective todd-hewitt broth (npc broth) and direct plating onto edwards medium for assessment of genital carriage of group b streptococcus in pregnant women. whilst ngm was found to be less sensitive (85%) than npc broth (95%) and more sensitive than edwards medium (67%), its use reduced the direct laboratory cost of screening by approximately 41% and also improved the time to report a resu ... | 1994 | 7892055 |
| the changing face of neonatal infection: experience at a regional medical center. | the incidence, etiology and timing of neonatal infection were assessed in a regional neonatal intensive care unit from 1983 through 1992. infection onset was considered as very early (< 24 hours), early (1 to 7 days) or late (8 to 60 days). case-fatality rates were determined for different weight groups and time periods (1983 to 1987 vs. 1988 to 1992). overall neonatal sepsis incidence changed very little, but there was a marked decrease in very early onset sepsis in 1988 to 1992 especially in v ... | 1994 | 7892077 |
| opsonic activity of commercially available standard intravenous immunoglobulin preparations. | several standard intravenous immunoglobulin g (ivig) products are available in the united states and have been used with the intent to treat or prevent infections in neonates. we evaluated more than 100 lots of ivig, from 6 products, to determine the amount of opsonic antibody against neonatal pathogens. neutrophil-mediated opsonophagocytosis was used to determine opsonic activity in these preparations for staphylococcus epidermidis; haemophilus influenzae type b; streptococcus pneumoniae seroty ... | 1994 | 7892082 |
| [characteristics of the course of pregnancy and labor, fetal and neonatal outcome in group b streptococcus carriers]. | a retrospective analysis of the course of pregnancy, labor and its outcome for the fetus and newborn in 103 women in whose lochia group b streptococcus was found showed a high incidence of pregnancy complications (threatened abortions in 36.9%, late gestosis in 40.7%; high incidence (21.3%) of acute respiratory viral infections during pregnancy; 27.5% of women suffered from chronic pyelonephritis. preterm labor occurred in 21.7% of cases. preterm escape of amniotic fluid and rapid parturition to ... | 1994 | 7892946 |
| prevalence of group b streptococcal colonization in pregnant third trimester women in trinidad. | a study of colonization by group b streptococcus was conducted in 204 pregnant women in their third trimester. positive cultures were obtained from vaginal and rectal swabs in 64 (31.4%) of these women. no significant differences in colonization rates were noted on the basis of ethnicity (race) and gravidity. however, there was a significant difference in the rate of colonization of vagina and rectum. fifty-two (25.5%) women had positive isolates from vaginal swabs compared with 26 (12.7%) women ... | 1994 | 7916362 |
| detection of group b streptococcus. comparison of solid and liquid culture media with and without selective antibiotics. | a total of 952 consecutive vaginal swabs were obtained from patients who attended obstetric or gynecologic clinics affiliated with the children's hospital of buffalo, new york. swabs were cultured comparatively on 5% sheep blood agar (ba), selective sheep blood agar containing 1.25 micrograms/ml trimethoprim-23.75 micrograms/ml sulfamethoxazole (sxt), and lim broth (todd-hewitt broth containing 1% yeast extract, 10 micrograms/ml colistin, and 15 micrograms/ml nalidixic acid). a total of 168 swab ... | 1994 | 7924204 |
| [culture media for the detection and the identification of streptococcus agalactiae]. | streptococcus agalactiae, a group b streptococcus, is the main cause of bacterial perinatal infection and is also an important opportunistic pathogen. detection and identification of s. agalactiae are straight forward with special culture media, where group b streptococci show a specific, typical pink or red pigment. to quickly and easily detect the pigment, culture media should contain: (i) starch; (ii) an inhibitor of the folate pathway; (iii) animal serum; (iv) a pepsic proteic hydrolysate; a ... | 1994 | 7946121 |
| characterization of cmp-n-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase of group b streptococci. | the capsular polysaccharide is a critical virulence factor for group b streptococci associated with human infections, yet little is known about capsule biosynthesis. we detected cmp-neu5ac synthetase, the enzyme which activates n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac, or sialic acid) for transfer to the nascent capsular polysaccharide, in multiple group b streptococcus serotypes, all of which elaborate capsules containing neu5ac. cmp-neu5ac synthetase isolated from a high-producing type ib strain was pu ... | 1994 | 7961510 |
| neonatal meningitis in england and wales: a review of routine national data. | the objective of this study was to describe trends in neonatal meningitis in england and wales during the years 1975-91. laboratory reports and, for the years 1983-91, data on statutory notifications and deaths from neonatal meningitis were reviewed. the mean annual total of laboratory reports of neonatal bacterial meningitis 1975-91 was 109 cases (range 69-133) with a slight upward trend apparent in the latter half of the study period. the mean annual number of reports of neonatal viral meningi ... | 1994 | 7979482 |
| delayed-onset postpartum meningitis due to group b streptococcus. | | 1994 | 7986916 |
| complement and antibody in neutrophil-mediated killing of type v group b streptococcus. | serious infections caused by type v group b streptococci (gbs) are increasing. the requirements for antibody, complement, and neutrophil receptors in the killing of 12 clinical type v gbs isolates were investigated. when tested at concentrations of 33%, 5% and 1%, a human serum pool promoted neutrophil-mediated killing of the 12 isolates at a mean of 83% +/- 9%, 77% +/- 17%, and 14% +/- 28%, respectively. addition of heated immune rabbit serum to the 5% or 1% pool increased killing significantly ... | 1994 | 8014526 |
| growth of group b streptococci in human serum leads to increased cell surface sialic acid and decreased activation of the alternative complement pathway. | group b streptococcus type iii is a major cause of neonatal death. the terminal sialic acid moiety of the group b streptococcus type specific capsule has been shown to be an important virulence factor. we demonstrate here that bacteria grown in human serum have increased cell surface sialic acid content compared with cells grown in common laboratory media. this sialic acid was removed by incubation with neuraminidase, showing that it was on the bacterial surface. serum-dependent sialylation was ... | 1994 | 8019940 |
| renal abscess caused by group b streptococcus. | | 1994 | 8038337 |
| electrotransformation of streptococcus agalactiae with plasmid dna. | a protocol for efficient electrotransformation of streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) lancefield's strain o90r (ntct 9993) (an unencapsulated derivative of type ia strain o90) was developed. the escherichia coli-streptococcus shuttle vector pdp28 (7.8 kb) carrying the ermb gene for resistance to erythromycin was used as donor dna. frozen 'electrocompetent' cells were prepared by repeated washes in 10% glycerol. a 50-microliters aliquot containing about 5 x 10(9) colony forming units ... | 1994 | 8039669 |
| group b streptococcus-induced nitric oxide production in murine macrophages is cr3 (cd11b/cd18) dependent. | nitric oxide (no) is produced by murine macrophages in response to cytokines and/or gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide. no induction by gram-positive bacteria such as group b streptococci (gbs), the major etiologic agents of neonatal pneumonia and meningitis, has received little study. gbs as well as two other gram-positive bacterial species, staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis, were found to stimulate no production in thioglycolate-elicited murine macrophages and in the ... | 1994 | 8039877 |
| maternal carriage and neonatal colonisation of group b streptococci in labour are uncommon in turkey. | group b streptococcus infection is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. we studied 114 women and their newborns to determine the relationship between maternal carriage and neonatal group b streptococcal colonisation. rectal, cervical and vaginal swabs were taken at delivery. within a few minutes of birth, swab specimens were also taken from throat, ear, umbilicus, conjunctiva and skin of the newborns. group b streptococcus was isolated in 10 (8.7%) of the 114 pregnant women st ... | 1994 | 8047486 |
| antepartum screening and non-selective intrapartum chemoprophylaxis for group b streptococcus. | the efficacy of antibiotic chemoprophylaxis in labour for all maternal carriers of group b streptococcus with respect to the neonatal mortality and morbidity was analyzed. the intervention consisted of a policy of maternal screening for group b streptococcus at 28 weeks' gestation by a low vaginal swab, cultured on to nonselective media. if positive, all carriers were treated with intrapartum ampicillin regardless of other obstetric risk factors. the main outcome measures were studied prospectiv ... | 1994 | 8053870 |
| group b streptococcus: perinatal considerations. | group b streptococcal (gbs) infections are responsible for significant perinatal morbidity and mortality in the united states. it has been proposed that to prevent neonatal sepsis, all pregnant women be screened for gbs colonization, and that intrapartum antibiotics be used in certain high-risk situations. these recommendations are controversial, as is the current management of the asymptomatic newborn of a gbs-colonized mother. | 1994 | 8057068 |
| the stabilization of a human igm monoclonal antibody with poly(vinylpyrrolidone). | an igm anti-group b streptococcus monoclonal antibody (4b9) was found to undergo irreversible heat-induced aggregation at 50 degrees c. a variety of excipients was tested for their ability to inhibit antibody aggregation. the amount of 4b9 aggregation, which was determined by analysis on a size-exclusion hplc, was significantly reduced in the presence of low concentrations [between 0.1 and 1.0% (w/v)] of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (pvp) molecules ranging in molecular weight from 10 to 40 kda. when t ... | 1994 | 8058628 |
| value of a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for maternal vaginal group b streptococcus colonization. | because group b streptococci maternal colonization is a risk factor for the development of neonatal sepsis, a commercially available rapid test was evaluated for its ability to detect intrapartum maternal colonization. a total of 180 paired vaginal swabs were cultured for group b streptococci and assayed by the equate test. of the 15 positive cultures, only 1 was detected by the equate test, resulting in a sensitivity of 7% and a false-negative rate of 93%. the equate test detected group b strep ... | 1994 | 8064423 |
| anterior fontanel herniation in group b streptococcus meningitis in newborns. | brain herniation at any site is a rare complication of neonatal meningitis. two cases of anterior fontanel herniation, associated with group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus meningitis are reported. this finding is a poor prognostic sign. | 1994 | 8068163 |
| neonatal sepsis and meningitis in a developing latin american country. | in a retrospective study at hospital del niño in panama city, panama, 577 neonates with culture-proved sepsis and/or meningitis were identified during an 18-year period (1975 to 1992). overall there was an incidence of 3.5 cases/1000 live births. three hundred thirty-three patients (58%) were of low birth weight (< 2500 g) and 260 (45%) were premature. gram-negative bacilli, particularly species of klebsiella and escherichia coli, were responsible for 61% of infections, whereas gram-positive iso ... | 1994 | 8078740 |
| neonatal group b streptococcal infection in mallorca, spain. | early onset infection in neonates caused by group b streptococcus and the prevalence of colonization by this microorganism in a group of 1,003 pregnant women and their neonates were studied. the capsular serotypes of the colonizing and infecting bacterial isolates and the components of c protein expressed were determined. except for serotype iv, all the currently recognized capsular serotypes (including serotype v) were found. among the colonizing strains, serotypes iii, ia, and ib were almost e ... | 1993 | 8099503 |
| co-existent cross-infection with streptococcus pneumoniae and group b streptococci on an adult oncology unit. | an outbreak of respiratory infection in an adult oncology unit is described where there was evidence of co-existent cross-infection with streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 14 and lancefield group b streptococcus type ia. the presumed route of transmission was droplet spread from patient to patient. no further cases arose after the ward had been closed to new admissions and all symptomatic patients were treated with erythromycin. we suggest that patients with pneumococcal pneumonia on units housin ... | 1993 | 8099926 |
| thromboxane and pulmonary morphometry in the development of the pulmonary hypertensive response to group b streptococcus. | to clarify the mechanism of the development of a severe pulmonary hypertensive response to group b streptococcus. | 1994 | 8125003 |
| group b streptococcal vertebral osteomyelitis in an adult. | group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae) vertebral osteomyelitis was diagnosed in a 65-year-old man. the patient received a 3-week course of in-hospital intravenous ampicillin followed by ceftriaxone and continued to receive ceftriaxone therapy on an ambulatory basis for 3 more weeks. hospitalization and follow-up were uncomplicated with no neurological sequelae. review of the medical literature documented only 15 cases of group b streptococcal osteomyelitis in adults and ... | 1993 | 8132371 |
| strategies for the prevention of early-onset neonatal group b streptococcal sepsis: a decision analysis. | to perform a decision analysis to understand better the implications of 19 potential group b streptococcus screening and treatment strategies. | 1994 | 8134056 |
| selective intrapartum prophylaxis for group b streptococcus colonization: management and outcome of newborns. | intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (iap) in mothers with group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization presents difficult neonatal management decisions. iap was instituted in response to an increased incidence of early-onset gbs sepsis (eogbss), and a study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of these newborns. | 1994 | 8134220 |
| loofah sponges as reservoirs and vehicles in the transmission of potentially pathogenic bacterial species to human skin. | loofah sponges are natural products used as exfoliative beauty aids. as a consequence of tracing a case of pseudomonas aeruginosa folliculitis to a contaminated loofah sponge, we assessed the role of loofah sponges in supporting the growth of a wide variety of bacterial species. our data show growth enhancement of sterile loofah fragments for numerous gram-negative (pseudomonas, xanthomonas, and klebsiella) and gram-positive (enterococcus and group b streptococcus) species of human and environme ... | 1994 | 8150959 |
| group b streptococcal metastatic endophthalmitis. | reports of invasive group b streptococcus infection in adults with underlying medical conditions have been increasing. ocular infection with this organism is unusual. metastatic endophthalmitis in adults caused by this organism has been reported rarely and has only been associated with endocarditis. we encountered two cases of group b streptococcal metastatic endophthalmitis in adults who did not have endocarditis. these cases reflect the increasing incidence of invasive group b streptococcus in ... | 1994 | 8154532 |
| detection of the c protein gene among group b streptococci using pcr. | to develop a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the specific detection of the c protein gene in strains of group b streptococcus. | 1993 | 8157750 |
| an outbreak of group b streptococcus infection in a neonatal nursery and subsequent trial for prophylaxis of nosocomial transmission. | an outbreak of sepsis and meningitis caused by group b streptococcus occurred in three very low birthweight infants. to prevent further nosocomial transmission, immune globulin and ampicillin sodium were administered intravenously to other very low birthweight infants. after this prophylaxis, no other infants were involved in this outbreak. immuno- and chemoprophylaxis may be considered as procedures to prevent nosocomial infection for very low birthweight infants. | 1994 | 8165917 |
| pediatric blood cultures. | the clinical and laboratory issues important in pediatric blood cultures are similar to those in adult blood cultures with a few noteworthy exceptions. the collection of an uncontaminated specimen and an ample volume of blood is more difficult, especially in neonates. in addition, children often have previously received oral antibiotics or a broad-spectrum parenteral antibiotic. the relative frequencies of the pathogens causing bacteremia in children are different in important ways from in adult ... | 1994 | 8181229 |
| neonatology. | group b streptococcus continues to be the leading cause of serious perinatal infection in the united states. the recent discovery that vascular tone is influenced by nitric oxide has been applied to neonatology. | 1994 | 8182850 |
| effects of group b streptococcus toxin on long-term survival of mice bearing transplanted madison lung tumors. | gbs toxin is a polysaccharide exotoxin produced by group b streptococcus. this organism causes sepsis and respiratory distress in human neonates (so-called early onset disease). this disease is marked by a strong inflammatory response only in the lung, with pulmonary sequestration of granulocytes and extensive capillary endothelial damage, and occurs only during the first few days after birth. we have found that a similar inflammatory response can be induced by i.v. infusion of picomole quantiti ... | 1994 | 8207046 |
| pneumococcal infection in the newborn. | two fatal cases of invasive pneumococcal disease in the newborn are reported, both acquired from the maternal vagina. the rarity of vaginal carriage of pneumococcus suggests that this organism has a higher invasion to colonisation ratio than group b streptococcus and maternal carriage or neonatal colonisation should be more aggressively treated. | 1993 | 8215574 |
| outcome of term gestation neonates whose mothers received intrapartum antibiotics for suspected chorioamnionitis. | intrapartum antibiotics are commonly given to women suspected of having chorioamnionitis. however, there is no consensus regarding management of their babies. to date, there are no data concerning the clinical courses and outcomes of term gestation, "pretreated" neonates. we performed a retrospective review to assess the clinical courses of such infants. from 1987 to 1989, chorioamnionitis was diagnosed in 123 women, 102 of whom received intrapartum antibiotics. of the 86 term gestation infants ... | 1993 | 8240595 |
| effect of amrinone during group b streptococcus-induced pulmonary hypertension in piglets. | intravenous infusion of group b streptococcus (gbs) into neonatal animals produces pulmonary hypertension, ventilation/perfusion (va/q) mismatch, and an increase in serum levels of thromboxane b2 (txb2) and tumor necrosis factor (tnf) alpha. the vasodilator amrinone (amr) is a cgmp-inhibited phosphodiesterase inhibitor and is reported to inhibit thromboxane a2 and tnf production. we hypothesized that infusion of amr would cause pulmonary vasodilation and reduce serum txb2 and tnf levels in pigle ... | 1993 | 8255635 |
| antitumor effects of gbs toxin: a polysaccharide exotoxin from group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus. | a group b streptococcus (gbs) isolated from human neonates diagnosed with sepsis and respiratory distress ("early-onset disease") produces a polysaccharide exotoxin (gbs toxin) that, when infused in sheep, causes lung pathophysiology similar to that seen in humans. histological studies have demonstrated that gbs toxin induces a strong inflammatory response in the lung, with pulmonary sequestration of granulocytes and extensive capillary endothelial damage. the susceptibility of humans to gbs tox ... | 1993 | 8270611 |
| piperacillin and tazobactam versus clindamycin and gentamicin in the treatment of hospitalized women with pelvic infection. the piperacillin/tazobactam study group. | to compare the efficacy and safety of a combination of piperacillin and tazobactam with that of clindamycin and gentamicin in the treatment of hospitalized women with infections of the upper genital tract. | 1994 | 8290195 |