Publications

neonatal group b streptococcal infection.	group b streptococcus is now recognized as a major cause of serious neonatal infection. between january 1973 and july 1979 35 infants with 'early onset' group b streptococcal infection were admitted to the special nursery, aberdeen maternity hospital. ten infants died, nine of whom were of low birth weight. current research is directed towards defining 'high risk' groups and establishing an effective means of prevention. the concept of early administration of antibiotics to 'high risk' infants, ...	1979	399902
neonatal septicemia resulting from group b streptococci: a case report.	a case of neonatal septicemia resulting from group b streptococcus, type ic is reported. the infection occurred in a premature infant delivered by cesarean section, which followed fetal distress. the same organism was isolated from a high vaginal swab taken from the mother who had had premature rupture of the membranes 48 hours before admission to the hospital. both infant and mother made satisfactory recoveries. this is the first case of neonatal group b streptococcal infection reported from ni ...	1980	6102067
soluble group- and type-specific antigens from type iii group b streptococcus.	two soluble polysaccharide antigens of a type iii group b streptoccus were isolated from the culture medium after growth of strain m732 in a chemically defined broth supplemented with acid-hydrolyzed casein. the type- and group- specific antigens were isolated from the culture supernatant by anion-exchange chromatography with diethylaminoethyl-sephacel. two carbohydrate-containing peaks, which had serological reactivity with group b or type iii antiserum, respectively, were eluted with a linear ...	1980	6155346
influence of preimmunization antibody levels on the specificity of the immune response to related polysaccharide antigens.	we studied the influence of preimmunization antibody level on the immune response of adults to one of two structurally related yet immunologically distinct type-specific polysaccharides from type iii group b streptococcus and type 14 pneumonococcus. four weeks after immunization with multivalent pneumococcal vaccine, 20 subjects with low levels of antibody to type iii group b streptococcus antigen had no significant increase in antibody to this antigen (p greater than 0.05), but all volunteers w ...	1980	6155612
structural determination and serology of the native polysaccharide antigen of type-iii group b streptococcus.		1980	6155983
structure and serology of the native polysaccharide antigen of type ia group b streptococcus.	the native polysaccharide antigen isolated from type ia group b streptococcus by using ph-controlled growth conditions and extraction procedures contains d-galactose, d-glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose, and sialic acid in the molar ratio of 2:1:1:1. the structure of the native type ia antigen has been elucidated; it can be represented by the following repeating unit in which all the side-chain beta-d-galactopyranose units are masked by sialic acid residues: [formula: see text] removal of a ...	1980	6156459
use of monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme immunoassay for rapid identification of group b streptococcus types ii and iii.	streptococci belonging to lancefield group b are frequently recognized as the etiological agents of sepsis and meningitis in young children. current methods of identifying these organisms have not been universally accepted because of the time and complexity in performing the studies and a lack of reference antisera. we have developed hybrid myeloma (hybridoma) cell lines which secrete large amounts of antibody against types ii and iii group b streptococci. antibodies harvested from supernatants ...	1980	6989855
micro-indirect hemagglutination test for detection of antibodies to the ibc protein of group b streptococcus.	a micro-indirect hemagglutination test was developed for detecting antibody against the ibc protein of group b streptococcus. formalin-preserved, tanned sheep erythrocytes were sensitized with a partially purified preparation of ibc protein from a type ic strain of group b streptococci. a total of 76% of 103 sera from pregnant and nonpregnant women had demonstrable antibody against this protein, with titers ranging from 10 to 320. examination of five pairs of mother and cord sera revealed passiv ...	1980	6999011
indirect sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rapid detection of streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 antigen.	an indirect sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of the polysaccharide antigen of type 3 pneumococcus (sss-iii) is reported. polystyrene balls with attached anti-sss-iii antibody serve as the solid phase, and antigen is detected using an alkaline phosphatase-labeled antiglobulin conjugate. the reaction is quantitated by spectrophotometry. concentrations of antigen are estimated by comparison with standard curves prepared with purified sss-iii. for this assay, the practica ...	1980	7000815
conjugative transfer of multiple antibiotic resistance markers in streptococcus pneumoniae.	two antibiotic-resistant isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae were investigated for conjugative transfer of their drug resistance markers into streptococcal (groups b and d) and pneumococcal (encapsulated and non-encapsulataed) recipients. of these, 7 wild-type donor pneumococci transferred all their resistance markers (except pc [penicillin], su [sulfonamide], and tp [trimethoprim]) into group d streptococcus and non-encapsulated s. pneumoniae recipients at a low frequency (10(-5) to 10(-6)). t ...	1980	6995434
identification of tetracycline-resistant r-plasmids in streptococcus agalactiae (group b).	in this report, 30 tetracycline-resistant clinical isolates of group b streptococcus were examined to assess the extent to which tetracycline resistance is plasmid mediated. of these, 27 showed no physical or genetic evidence of plasmid-mediated resistance; however, one conjugative and two small (3.5 x 10(6)-dalton) multicopy non-self-transmissible tetracycline resistance plasmids were identified. the conjugative plasmid was transmissible to streptococcus faecalis as well as to streptococcus aga ...	1980	7004347
community acquisition of group b streptococcus by infants of colonized mothers.	forty-six infants of women known to be colonized by group b streptococcus (gbs) during the third trimester of pregnancy were not colonized by gbs at the time of discharge from the hospital nursery. at 6 to 8 weeks of age, two of these infants (4.3%) were found to harbor gbs. the rate of community acquisition of gbs by uncolonized infants appears to be low.	1980	7005854
recurrent erysipelas caused by group b streptococcus organisms.	group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus (gbs) has emerged as a major cause of neonatal infections. serious gbs infections in adults occur most frequently when predisposing illness is present. recurrent erysipelas caused by gbs is reported in a woman who had chronic lymphedema after a radical hysterectomy and radiation therapy. type iii gbs was identified from cultures of vulvar vesicles, vaginal mucosa, and blood. prophylactic penicillin v potassium therapy prevented further episodes of erysipelas. ...	1980	6772113
protection of mice against group b streptococcus type ia by igg components of a rabbit antiserum.	igg fractions were separated by ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose from hyperimmune rabbit sera prepared against a group b streptococcus type ia mouse-virulent strain. 50 microgram igg in conjunction with ampicillin (200 mg/kg) protected mice more effectively against a lethal challenge than ampicillin (400 mg/kg) alone or ampicillin (200 mg/kg) combined with gentamicin (10 mg/kg), when administered up to 12 h after infection.	1980	7007851
the natural history of group b streptococcal colonization in the pregnant woman and her offspring. i. colonization studies.	a longitudinal study of colonization by group b streptococcus (gbs) was conducted in 93 pregnant women and 92 of their infants. positive cultures were obtained from vaginal swab specimens on at least one occasion during pregnancy from 20.4% of the women. three types of carriage were observed: chronic, transient, and intermittent. at the time of delivery, 12.9% of the mothers were colonized by gbs. gbs colonization occurred in 41.7% of the infants of the mothers colonized intrapartum. only 1.2% o ...	1980	6989247
the natural history of group b streptococcal colonization in the pregnant woman and her offspring. ii. determination of serum antibody to capsular polysaccharide from type iii, group b streptococcus.	an investigation of the prevalence and persistence of the concentration of antibody to capsular polysaccharide from type iii, group b streptococcus in sera from 93 pregnant women and their newborn infants is reported. in the majority of women, the concentrations of antibody detected in the sera were low (less than 1 microgram/ml). however, sera from women who were colonized with type iii strains of group b streptococci contained significantly higher concentrations of antibody than those from non ...	1980	6989248
the role of specific antibody in alternative complement pathway-mediated opsonophagocytosis of type iii, group b streptococcus.	the native capsular polysaccharide antigen of type iii, group b streptococcus contains a terminal sialic acid residue on each repeating unit that masks all end-group galactopyranose residues and prevents alternative pathway complement activation by adult human sera in the absence of type-specific antibody. the critical role of the sialic acid residues in allowing the organism to evade activating the alternative complement pathway was shown when neuraminidase treatment of the organism converted t ...	1980	6989947
prevalence of type-specific group b streptococcal antibody in pregnant women.	immunoglobulin g antibody against the four major serotypes of group b streptococcus was measured by indirect immunofluorescence in the sera of 200 consecutive pregnant women seen in the obstetric screening clinic of an urban teaching hospital. antibody was detectable in 26% of undiluted sera against serotype ia, 52% against serotype ib, 82% against serotype ii, and 45% against serotype iii. only 9% had antibody against all four gbs types. when serotype-specific antibody prevalences in 108 women ...	1980	6989972
changes in the vaginal and rectal carriage of group b streptococci during pregnancy.	the group b streptococcus carrier status of pregnant women appears to be relatively unstable. by using multiple low vaginal and rectal samples cultured on 2 or more media, an overall carrier rate of 38% was found in 187 women. sequential samples commonly showed changes in the nature of the carrier status with time. more carriers were detected late in pregnancy; women giving negative results early in pregnancy often produced positive cultures later and there was a significant tendency towards rec ...	1980	6992763
group b streptococcal neonatal infection: clinical review of plans for prevention and preliminary report of quantitative antepartum cultures.	the neonatal and obstetric approaches to preventing group b streptococcal neonatal infections are reviewed. although recent reports recommend prophylactic antibiotic treatment of antepartum and intrapartum group b streptococcal carriers and low-birth-weight infants, acceptance of these schemes is not widespread. a preliminary study to evaluate the value of semiquantitative vaginal and cervical cultures of antepartum women for group b streptococcus in predicting maternal and neonatal infectious m ...	1980	6990332
kinetics of phagocyte response to group b streptococcal infections in newborn rats.	to test the hypothesis that inadequate in vivo mobilization of leukocytes may contribute to the unique susceptibility of neonates to infection, we studied the kinetics of phagocyte response to neonatal and adult rats to intraperitoneal infection with group b streptococcus, type ia. the 50% lethal dose was considerably greater for adults than for neonates (1.1 x 10(7) colony-forming units per g versus 2.7 x 10(2) colony-forming units per g). after challenge with group b streptococcus, type ia, th ...	1980	6995304
properties and transforming activities of two plasmids in streptococcus pneumoniae.	two plasmids from group b streptococcus were introduced into pneumococcus (streptococcus pneumoniae) and examined for copy number, stability, and some features of the process by which they transform pneumococcal recipients. the 3.6 mdal pmv158 (tet) was present at a minimum of 12 to 16 copies per chromosome and was never observed to be cured. the 20 mdal pip501 (cat erm) had a minimum copy number of 3 to 4 per chromosome and was lost spontaneously at a frequency near 0.03 per division. the prese ...	1980	7007819
[cefmetazole in the treatment of bacterial infections in the newborn (author's transl)].	clinical evaluation of cefmetazole were made in the treatment of bacterial infections in the newborn infants and the following results were obtained. 1) five infants, 7 approximately 58 days of age, received a single intravenous one-shot injection of 22.2 approximately 24.5 mg/kg dose of cefmetazole, and blood concentrations were determined. the average level was 62.6 micrograms/ml (30 minutes), 46.3 micrograms/ml (1 hour), 26.8 micrograms/ml (2 hours), 8.7 micrograms/ml (4 hours) and 2.4 microg ...	1980	6941035
luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence for evaluation of type iii group b streptococcal opsonins in human sera.	a luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (cl) assay was developed to evaluate type iii group b streptococcal opsonins. sera from 11 adults that contained high (greater than 25 microgram/ml), intermediate (3-24 microgram/ml), or low (less than 2 microgram/ml) antibody concentrations were assessed by cl, indirect immunofluorescence (if), and bactericidal assays. total cl activity correlated with antibody concentration (p less than 0.005), igg- and c3-if values, and phagocytic and bactericidal indices. ...	1980	6988524
"acquired" congenital diaphragmatic hernia following early onset group b streptococcal pneumonia.	a newborn baby who presented with neonatal pneumonia due to group b streptococcus and who required artificial ventilation is described. after the infant was weaned from the respirator, increasing respiratory distress led to the diagnosis of posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia.	1980	6996891
faecal carriage of group b streptococci.	consecutive stool samples from 116 female and 98 male patients (both adults and children), and rectal and vaginal swabs from 28 and 53 cases respectively, were quantitatively cultured for group b streptococci using islam's medium. group b streptococcus was recovered from 5% and 2% of faeces in female and male patients respectively, and the colony counts ranged from 10(2) to 10(3)/g. in women, the faecal carriage rate was 6%, which was significantly lower than the rectal carriage rate (p 0.02), s ...	1980	7000829
group b streptococcus and puerperal sepsis.		1980	7004191
factor affecting the in vitro assessment of opsonization: a study of the kinetics of opsonization using the technique of phagocytic chemiluminescence.	the importance of several factors involved in the investigation of opsonic defects was studied using phagocytic luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. the range for the opsonization of zymosan and bakers' yeast by serum from healthy individuals was wide and kinetic studies showed comparative differences for different periods of incubation, serum concentrations and particles. decay in the opsonic activity of serum stored at different temperatures was demonstrated and its clinical implications empha ...	1980	7007217
early onset group b streptococcus neonatal septicemia and respiratory distress syndrome: characteristic features of assisted ventilation in the first 24 hours of life.	clinical features and assisted ventilation (av) aspects of 10 neonates with early onset group b streptococcus (gbs) septicemia were compared with those of 12 randomly selected newborns with severe respiratory distress syndrome (rds). initial chest radiograph in the gbs group was interpreted as rds in seven of 10 cases. although 9 of the 10 neonates with early onset gbs were preterm, they were of a significantly higher mean birth weight (p < 0.01) and the mean gestational age (p < 0.005). the dur ...	1980	7004777
[a case of neonatal meningitis caused by group b streptococcus (s. agalactiae)].		1980	7005650
adherence of influenza a viruses to group b streptococci.	previous studies have revealed a similarity between hemadsorption and bacterial adherence to virus-infected cells. this observation led to the question of whether mature virions can interact directly with bacteria in a manner similar to hemagglutination. thus, hemagglutination inhibition, direct immunofluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy were used to detect adherence of five prototype strains of influenza a virus to 34 strains (five serologic prototypes and 29 isolates from ill infants ...	1980	6989927
comparison of assays for antibody to group b streptococcus, type iii.		1980	6989928
purification and partial characterization of neuraminidase from type iii group b streptococci.	extracellular neuraminidase from a type iii fresh clinical isolate of a group b streptococcus was purified by a combination of salt fractionation, affinity chromatography of affi-gel blue, ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethylcellulose, and gel filtration on sephacryl s-200. these procedures yielded enzyme which was purified approximately 1,000-fold compared with the enzyme found in the original supernatant fluid. this type iii streptococcal neuraminidase had a molecular weight of app ...	1980	6998945
group b streptococcus-comparison of streptococcus agalactiae isolated from humans and cows in the republic of south africa.	the serological and biochemical characteristics of 100 strains of streptococcus agalactiae isolated from quarter mild of dairy cows and of 107 strains cultured from various sites of human patients, were determined and compared. all the isolates were camp-phenomenon and na-hippurate positive, aesulin negative, fell into lancefield's group b and could be placed into one of the 6 recognised serotypes. no human isolates fell into type r but for the rest all the other types were represented in the se ...	1980	7019445
[neonatal osteomyelitis and arthritis caused by group b streptococcus].		1980	7025563
transplacental ampicillin: inhibitory concentrations in neonatal serum.	concentrations of ampicillin were measured in maternal serum at delivery, in cord serum, and in neonatal serum sampled at 1, 4, and 8 hours after ampicillin had been administered prophylactically to 22 mothers who were undergoing cesarean section. the concentrations of ampicillin in maternal serum at delivery ranged from 4.6 to 50 micrograms per milliliter and were inversely related to the time between administration of the drug and delivery. concentrations in cord serum ranged from 4.4 to 23 mi ...	1980	7446612
intrapartum and postpartum pyrexia and infection after induction with extra-amniotic prostaglandin e2 in tylose.	one hundred and twenty-four women, bearing 127 children, in whom labour was induced with extra-amniotic prostaglandin e2 in tylose were studied. high vaginal swabs taken from 111 patients immediately before insertion of prostaglandin e2 were examined, specific identification of microbes being restricted to those present in the amniotic fluid, to haemolytic streptococci, and to other specific microbes. lancefield group b streptococci were isolated from nine patients, and in eight of these the mic ...	1980	7397085
[sensitivity of group b streptococcus to various antibiotics (author's transl)].	group b streptococcus was isolated from the clinical materials of the patients examined in the kobe central municipal hospital, in 1974 to 1979. 1. clinical isolates were all resistant to bacitracin. 2. serotypes of 19 isolates were type iii in 12 strains, ia in 3, ic in 2 and untypable in 2. 3. the mics were determined to 15 antibiotics, and the results showed that penicillin g was the best and in the order of decreasing potency, cefotaxime, ampicillin, ceftizoxime and cefoperazone. 4. compared ...	1981	7019475
adherence of staphylococcus aureus to influenza a virus-infected madin-darby canine kidney cell cultures.	madin-darby canine kidney cells infected with influenza a virus (strains pr8, fm1, jap 305, and tex 1) were tested with nine strains of staphylococcus aureus and group b streptococcus type ic to determine whether mammalian cells become susceptible to bacterial adherence as a result of virus infection. bacterial adherence to virus-infected cells varied depending on the virus strain and on the strain of bacteria tested. a quantitative radioassay was developed to study the parameters of adherence. ...	1981	7216481
antagonism of ampicillin and chloramphenicol for meningeal isolates of group b streptococci.	the increasing prevalence of ampicillin-resistant haemophilus influenzae type b has led to the recommendation that ampicillin and chloramphenicol be given as the initial therapy for suspected bacterial meningitis in infants and children. however, during the first 2 months of life, h. influenzae type b is a rare cause of meningitis, whereas group b streptococcus is the most frequently isolated agent. since ampicillin and chloramphenicol have been shown to be antagonistic for other streptococci, a ...	1981	7030197
role of antibody to native type iii polysaccharide of group b streptococcus in infant infection.	the role of maternally acquired antibody to native type iii polysaccharide of group b streptococcus as a determinant of susceptibility for infant systemic infection was investigated. sera from 111 acutely ill infants with type iii group b streptococcal bacteremia and/or meningitis and their mothers, and cord sera from 45 healthy neonates and their mothers who had type iii group b streptococcal vaginal colonization at delivery were studied. sera from each of 111 acutely ill infants contained very ...	1981	7033911
antibody to group b streptococcus type iii in human sera measured by a mouse protection test.	antibody to group b streptococcus type iii (gbs-iii) was measured in human plasma and sera by using a test which measures the ability to protect outbred albino mice from an intraperitoneal challenge of gbs-iii calculated to be lethal to 90% of the mice (ld90 dose). of three samples from three different lots of commercial human immune serum globulin, none were protective despite the presence of antibody to the native type iii polysaccharide. nine specimens were tested from recipients of multivale ...	1981	7216494
bacteremia in obstetrics: clinical course.	the authors reviewed all documented cases of bacteremia in obstetric patients between 1975 and 1979, with emphasis on the clinical course. the incidence of bacteremia was 7.5:1000 obstetric admissions and 9.7% of those patients sampled. one hundred seventy-six bacteremic obstetric patients had the following diagnoses: endoparametritis (123), pyelonephritis (29), chorioamnionitis (14), and other (10). no deaths, clinical evidence of septic shock, or cases of postinfection endocarditis were found. ...	1981	7301239
isolation of polysaccharide antigens from the cell wall of group b streptococcus, type ib.		1981	7018399
overwhelming post-splenectomy infection with group b streptococcus.		1981	7036122
[endocarditis caused by group b streptococcus (s. agalactiae). report of a case].		1981	7036257
lysis of erythrocytes by a hemolysin produced by a group b streptococcus sp.	an improved procedure for the isolation and purification of the hemolysin produced by a group b streptococcus was developed, and the inactivation of partially purified hemolysin by several enzymes was studied. hemolysin obtained in buffer containing starch and tween 80 was inactivated by subtilisin and alpha-amylase, suggesting that the hemolysin may consist of a protein hemolytic moiety complexed to starch which acts as a carrier or stabilizer. properties of the hemolytic reaction were studied ...	1981	7037641
variations in the opsonic requirements of group b streptococcus type iii.	the opsonic requirements of strains of type iii group b streptococci (gbs) were studied using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and microscopy. growth and storage conditions, particularly any reduction in the ph of the medium, affected gbs resistance to opsonization. opsonization was complement-dependent but there was considerable variation in the requirements of individual strains for the classical and alternative pathways. antibody was also necessary for opsonization. a few type iii gbs str ...	1981	7028075
serious infection in an adult due to penicillin-tolerant group b streptococcus.	this report describes a patient with group b streptococcal (gbs) bacteremia with pyelonephritis and septic arthritis whose condition failed to improve after two weeks of therapy with penicillin g sodium. the organism was found to be tolerant to penicillin (minimal inhibitory concentration, 0.06 iu/ml; minimal bactericidal concentration [mbc], 10 iu/ml). antimicrobial synergy with gentamicin sulfate was demonstrated (mbc of penicillin was 0.07 iu/ml in the presence of 2.5 micrograms/ml of gentami ...	1981	7030251
rapid identification of material colonization with group b streptococci by use of fluorescent antibody.	to identify women colonized with group b streptococci during parturition, we used pooled type-specific fluorescent antibody to examine vaginal swabs enriched by preincubation in selective broth medium. in preliminary experiments, group b streptococcus strain iii-bell was reliably detectable with fluorescent antibody at concentrations of greater than 10(5) colony-forming units per ml, achieved after 6 h of incubation of small inocula (18 to 26 colony-forming units). of the vaginal swabs from 924 ...	1981	7031086
type iii group b streptococcal infections in mice: bacteremia and meningitis following oral inoculation.	the successful production of disease in mice by a type iii group b streptococcus is described in this report. when injected intravenously, 106 organisms produced a fulminating sepsis and resulted in 100% mortality within 48 h. inoculation of 108 - 109 organisms directly onto the surface of the oropharynx progressed to bacteremia and meningitis in greater than 50% of animals. in a group of mice treated with penicillin immediately after oropharyngeal inoculation, the incidence of invasive bacterem ...	1981	7032679
group b streptococcus: a venereal-nosocomial infection.		1981	7006350
group b streptococcus.	the group b streptococcus has only recently been recognized as a cause of serious clinical disease, especially in infants under three months of age. these organisms are normally found in the female genital tract and also exist, at a lower rate, in male urethras. during labor and delivery, they are transmitted to the fetus in utero or during passage through the birth canal. group b streptococcal infections in infants are associated with high mortality and sequelae rates despite antibiotic adminis ...	1981	7006351
cyclic variation in the adherence of group b streptococci to human vaginal epithelial cells.	studies conducted on three normally menstruating women demonstrated a distinct cyclic variation in adherence of group b streptococcus type iii to vaginal epithelial cells. this cyclic variation consisted of a gradual rise in adherence during the first half of the menstrual cycle, reaching a maximum on day 14, followed by a sharp decline to low levels of adherence that persisted through the second half of the cycle. these changes in adherence correlated directly with the variation in the pyknotic ...	1981	7018246
the significance of nt1, nt2, and nt3 antigens in epidemiological investigations of bovine group-b streptococcus infections.		1981	7046399
maternal blood group and colonization with the group b streptococcus.	a recent report showing a significant association of maternal blood type b and cervical colonization with the group b streptococcus prompted this review of blood types and vaginal group b streptococcal colonization. no association of blood type and group b streptococcal colonization was found. possible reasons for the difference in results are discussed, and further research is suggested.	1981	7013482
minimum number of bacteria needed for antigen detection by counterimmunoelectrophoresis: in vivo and in vitro studies.	threshold concentrations of streptococcus pneumoniae type 3, haemophilus influenzae type b, and streptococcus sp. group b type ib required for positive counterimmunoelectrophoresis reactions were determined in vivo and in vitro. animals were infected intraperitoneally with various concentrations of microorganisms: adult mice with s. pneumoniae, suckling rats with h. influenzae, and 3-week-old mice with streptococcus sp. group b. at 24 h after infection a minimum blood concentration of 10(3) colo ...	1981	7014618
immunochemical studies on the cell-wall antigen of group b streptococcus, type ib.	a polysaccharide antigen of group b streptococcus type ib was extracted from sodium dodecyl sulphate-treated cell walls by trichloroacetic acid. in crossed immunoelectrophoresis the polymer reacted with specific antisera to serotypes ia, ib and ic of group b streptococci and with commercial grouping antiserum to give one precipitin line. however, the antigen did not react with antisera to types ii and iii. the evidence suggests that this polymer confers the group specificity to type ib of group ...	1981	7040600
colonization of mexican pregnant women with group b streptococcus.		1981	7012243
urinary tract infection caused by group-b streptococcus in infancy and childhood.		1981	7015668
rapid laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases.	the countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis and latex particle agglutination tests are rapid, do not require expensive apparatus, and are easy to perform if specific antigens and antisera are available. both tests have been shown to be of value in the diagnosis of bacterial infections (such as those caused by h. influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, n. meningitidis, e. coli, staphylococcus aureus and group b streptococcus) and of viral infections (hrvla and hepatitis b); they may also be of value i ...	1981	6976583
natural history of group b streptococcus colonization and its therapy during pregnancy.	seven hundred twenty-two pregnancies were studied in a private-practice setting to determine the natural history of colonization by group b streptococcus (gbs) over time. the colonization rate remained constant at 7% to 8% in each trimester, with 19% of the women colonized at some time during pregnancy. the organism was lost spontaneously at some time during pregnancy in 51%. treatment of third-trimester pregnant women and their husbands with penicillin g resulted in a significant reduction in g ...	1981	7008613
transmission of group b streptococci. traced by use of multiple epidemiologic markers.	during a three-week period, septicemia caused by group b streptococcus, serotype iii, developed in four infants born at a community hospital. the first infant had early-onset disease; late-onset disease that appeared, from epidemiologic data, to be nosocomial developed in the other three infants. bacteriophage typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing confirmed the relatedness of the isolates. a prospective study designed to differentiate between vertical and nosocomial transmission of gro ...	1981	7010996
effects of route and time of administration of antiserum on protection of mice from lethal infection due to group b streptococcus type iii.	the present study examines a mouse model of infection due to group b streptococcus serotype iii (gbs-iii) as to the route and timing of antiserum administration for protection and quantitation of bacteremia with and without antiserum. data for these parameters are contrasted with those after challenge with serotype ia of group b streptococcus (gbs-ia). an intraperitoneal injection of gbs organisms and protective antiserum from a single syringe can be used to create an animal model of disease. in ...	1981	7011999
antibody response to group b streptococcus type iii and ab blood group antigens induced by pneumococcal vaccine.	the effect of pneumococcal vaccination on antibodies to streptococcus pneumoniae type 14, group b streptococcus type iii, and ab blood group antigens was studied in 40 vaccinated adults. fourfold or greater increases in type-specific igg antibody to pn-14 were found in 26 of 40 vaccines (mean increase 6.4-fold) and against gbs-iii in 16 of the 40 (mean increase 2.9-fold) by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. however, only six of the 26 vaccinees with low levels (titers less than or equal to 2 ...	1981	7009817
[clinical and bacteriological study on microbial flora in the vagina. (4) the influences of lactobacilli to group b streptococcus (gbs) an other flora and the variations of vaginal microbial flora by age (author's transl)].		1981	6798140
pharmacokinetics and bacteriologic efficacy of moxalactam, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, and rocephin in experimental bacterial meningitis.	the pharmacokinetics and bacteriologic efficacy of four beta-lactam antibiotics were studied in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of rabbits using two test strains, escherichia coli type k1 and group b streptococcus type iii, and 24 gram-positive isolates. although moxalactam, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, and rocephin are active in vitro against gram-negative bacilli, the gram-positive bacteria listeria monocytogenes and streptococcus faecalis were resistant to all four drugs; group b strepto ...	1981	6260870
homology among tet determinants in conjugative elements of streptococci.	a mutation to tetracycline sensitivity in a resistant strain of streptococcus pneumoniae was shown by several criteria to be due to a point mutation in the conjugative omega (cat-tet) element found in the chromosomes of strains derived from bm6001, a clinical strain resistant to tetracycline and chloramphenicol. strains carrying the mutation were transformed back to tetracycline resistance with the high efficiency of a point marker by donor deoxyribonucleic acids from its ancestral strain and fr ...	1981	6270063
moxalactam in the treatment of pediatric infections.	the clinical efficacy and safety of the new oxacephalosporin moxalactam disodium were evaluated in 54 children with a variety of pediatric infections. except for a terminally ill neutropenic leukemic patient with pneumonia and sepsis due to pseudomonas aeruginosa who died shortly after initiation of therapy, moxalactam treatment was effective in all patients. no recurrent infections were observed. the rate of clinical response to moxalactam appeared to be at least comparable to that of patients ...	1982	6214182
mouse protection assay for group b streptococcus type iii.	the mucin model for group b streptococcus (gbs) type iii was used to assay the protective effect of sera against a type iii challenge in mice. hyperimmune rabbit sera, prepared by the lancefield method against the laboratory reference strain (ss620) and a clinical isolate (m732), protected against a lethal challenge with either strain of gbs type iii. absorption of the sera with either of these type iii strains removed the protective effect. neither normal rabbit sera nor heterologous antisera ( ...	1982	6172381
vaginitis in sexually active women: relationship to nine sexually transmitted organisms.	women seen for symptoms suggestive of vulvovaginitis were studied for the detection of mycoplasma hominis. ureaplasma urealyticum, yeast, neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis, gardnerella vaginalis, herpes simplex virus, group b beta-hemolytic streptococci, aerobes, anaerobes, and trichomonas vaginalis. asymptomatic women who reported to be sexually active and agreed to undergo comprehensive genital cultures were used as controls. there was a significant association of vulvovaginitis wit ...	1982	6280502
[fundamental and clinical investigations of cefotaxime in neonates].	fundamental and clinical investigations of cefotaxime were carried out in neonates. the following results were obtained. 1. seven neonates with serious infections caused by identifiable pathogens, including group b streptococcal meningitis and group a streptococcal sepsis, were treated by intravenous bolus injection of 20-200 mg/kg of cefotaxime 2 or 3 times daily (60-400 mg/kg/day). the clinical efficacy of cefotaxime was assessed to be good in 6 patients and fair in 1 patient. bacteriological ...	1982	6294355
quantitative bacteriological analysis of amniotic fluid.	quantitative bacteriological analysis of amniotic fluid (af) was performed on 60 fluid samples collected by catheter from 50 selected labor patients regarded as liable to infection. af cultures were positive in 52 cases. the bacterial colony counts ranged from less than 10(2) colony-forming units (cfu) per milliliter to 10(9) cfu/ml. pathogenic bacteria in neonates such as group b streptococcus, escherichia coli, and listeria monocytogenes were encountered with numerations equal to or greater th ...	1982	6814539
detection of group b streptococcal antigen in early-onset and late-onset group b streptococcal disease with the wellcogen strep b latex agglutination test.	the wellcogen strep b latex agglutination test (wellcome diagnostics, dartford, england) was evaluated as a method of detecting group b streptococcal antigen in urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and serum from neonates with early-onset (less than or equal to 7 days of age) and late-onset group b streptococcal disease. urine was the best source of antigen, which was detected in 100% of six neonates with early-onset group b streptococcal disease who had urine available in the first 12 h of illness and i ...	1982	6759523
[streptococcus group b - streptococcus agalactiae as an important agent of human disease].		1982	6762671
in vitro bactericidal assay of bovine polymorphonuclear leucocytes against a group b streptococcus.		1982	6755595
cerebritis due to group b streptococcus.	a premature infant who died of early-onset group b streptococcal meningitis was found to have cerebritis with direct bacterial infection of the basal ganglia. although the organism was sensitive to penicillin by in vitro testing, it was not eradicated from the cerebrospinal fluid after 48 h of antibiotic treatment. these findings illustrate that suppurative extension with cerebritis of the basal ganglia as a complication of group b streptococcal meningitis may be one of the factors responsible f ...	1982	6761855
[culture medium for the isolation of group b streptococcus].	comparative studies were carried out on a new medium--a soybean agar of the difco type with the addition of beta-staphylococcus toxin, washed sheep erythrocytes, esculin, and congo red to isolate and differentiate the streptococci of the serologic b group. congo red was used in dilution of 1:10000 to suppress the beta-hemolysis of the streptococci belonging to other serologic groups. the higher objectivity of the final results required the use of a blood agar and a medium with thallium sulfate a ...	1982	6763812
comparison of carriage rates of group b streptococcus in diabetic and nondiabetic persons.	in several published studies, diabetic persons appeared to be at increased risk for group b streptococcal disease. since colonization with pathogens frequently antedates disease, the authors studied the carriage rate of group b streptococcus in 38 diabetic and in 39 nondiabetic age- and sex-matched subjects. fifty-four per cent of the controls and 34% of the diabetics carried group b streptococci in at least one of five sites cultured (p less than 0.05). the data indicate that an increased carri ...	1982	6753572
scrotal ecchymosis: sign of intraperitoneal hemorrhage in the newborn.	ecchymosis of the scrotum and lower abdominal wall occurred in four newborn boys. all were anemic. three had coagulation abnormalities and evidence of sepsis. in two, group b streptococcal septicemia was documented. intraperitoneal hemorrhage from a ruptured subcapsular hematoma of the liver was the source of blood in the scrotum in three, and most probably in the fourth as well. two infants died in spite of antibiotics, vigorous blood replacement, including exchange transfusion, and desperation ...	1982	6755734
pathogenesis of neonatal group b streptococcal infections.	infections of the neonate due to the group b streptococcus have been recognized since the 1930s, but it was during the 1970s that their incidence grew alarmingly throughout the world. a research effort stimulated by this problem has yielded significant new information about many facets of the pathogenesis of these infections. immunologic investigations have pinpointed a lack of transplacentally acquired antibody as a significant risk factor. in the laboratory, assays of antibody which have a fun ...	1982	6758375
[group b streptococcus infection in newborns].		1982	6761247
bacteremia in diabetic patients with infected lower extremities.	eleven cases of bacteremia in diabetic patients with infected lower extremities at rancho los amigos hospital (rlah) were observed over a 34-mo period. the yearly incidence was 0.6% of admissions to the ortho-diabetes service. aerobic bacteria were recovered in six cases and anaerobic bacteria in five. bacteroides fragilis was isolated four times, staphylococcus aureus three times, and nonfragilis bacteroides sp., escherichia coli, group b streptococcus, and viridans streptococcus were each seen ...	1982	6927718
type-specific protection of neonatal rats from lethal group b streptococcal infection by immune sera obtained from human volunteers vaccinated with type iii-specific polysaccharide.	sera obtained from human volunteers at 6 weeks after vaccination with highly purified type iii polysaccharide antigen prepared from a group b streptococcus, strain m732, were found to protect neonatal rats from otherwise lethal infection by the homologous strain. the specific antibody content of the sera, expressed in micrograms of antibody protein per milliliter, was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in conjunction with quantitative precipitin analysis. for two sera studied in ...	1982	6752032
fever in full-term newborns in the first four days of life.	over a period of 18 months, 100 full-term newborns developed an axillary or a rectal temperature greater than or equal to 37.8 c during the first four days of postnatal life. these febrile term newborns represented 1% of all full-term newborns in the normal nursery. of the febrile newborns, 10% had culture-proven bacterial disease (bd). fever developed in 54%, 27%, 13%, and 6% on the first, second, third, and fourth days, respectively. in 17 newborns fever developed within the first hour of life ...	1982	7033912
antibody-independent classical pathway-mediated opsonophagocytosis of type ia, group b streptococcus.	the opsonophagocytic requirements of human sera containing endogenous complement for a variety of type ia, and group b streptococcal strains were defined. significant reduction (>==90%) in colony-forming units was noted after a 40-min incubation for the highly encapsulated, mouse-passed prototype strain 090 by sera containing moderate to high concentrations of antibody to type ia polysaccharide (mean, 16.5 mug/ml), whereas bacterial growth occurred in 25 sera with low levels of specific antibody ...	1982	7035495
age-dependent susceptibility of neonatal rats to group b streptococcal type iii infection: correlation of severity of infection and response of myeloid pools.	a distinct age-dependent susceptibility to group b streptococcus type iii (gbs) was demonstrated, utilizing a neonatal rat model. the most dramatic changes in susceptibility occurred within the first 7 days of postnatal life. to further investigate this susceptibility, experiments were performed utilizing two age groups of rats: (i) animals within the first 24 h of life (nb) and (ii) 7-day-old animals (7d). the infective dosage used was 10(4) gbs per g of body weight, a dose lethal to 100% of nb ...	1982	7107007
perinatal group b streptococcal colonization and infection.	of 2,169 patients screened in labor for vaginal group b streptococcal colonization, 164 (7.6%) had positive results. five hundred twenty-four of the patients were screened in the antenatal period, and 57 patients with positive tests for group b streptococcus were treated in labor with intravenous ampicillin. four of the treatment group gave birth to colonized infants but none became infected. of the 136 untreated mother-infant pairs with positive tests, 62 neonates were colonized, nine became in ...	1982	7039316
antepartum versus intrapartum selective screening for maternal group b streptococcal colonization.	selective antepartum culturing was performed in pregnant women at high risk for low-birth-weight delivery and neonatal infection, in order to identify the presence of the group b streptococcus (gbs). intrapartum culturing was performed in an additional group of gravid women when they presented either in premature labor or with prematurely ruptured membranes. antepartum screening for gbs offered no additional advantage over intrapartum culturing in predicting pregnancies that resulted in neonatal ...	1982	7044127
association of type- and group-specific antigens with the cell wall of serotype iii group b streptococcus.	the type-specific antigens (tsa) of group b streptococcus (gbs) represent the primary virulence factors for these organisms, yet little is known about their relationship to the cell surface of gbs. crude cell walls of serotype iii gbs strain 110 were purified by extraction with sodium dodecyl sulfate, licl, and urea, which removed essentially all of the protein associated with the cell wall as determined by amino acid analysis. only those amino acids found in peptidoglycan were present, which in ...	1982	7047392
an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for human igg antibody to the type ia polysaccharide of group b streptococcus.	an elisa was developed to measure human igg antibody to the native polysaccharide antigen of gbs serotype ia. because the polysaccharide binds poorly to polyvinyl chloride, its adherence was enhanced by activation with cyanogen bromide and coupling to hsa in a molar ratio of polysaccharide to albumin of 1:4.5. there was minimal loss of sialic acid during coupling, and the coupled antigen showed identity with uncoupled native antigen by ouchterlony analysis. od values obtained by elisa showed a l ...	1982	7050270
neonatal group b streptococcus infections: laboratory and animal studies.		1982	6752619
neonatal bacteremia. a 4-year prospective study.	during the 4-year period 1978-81, 14,527 neonates were born at assaf harofeh hospital, including 793 (5.5%) premature infants. during the same period, 41 bacteremias were recorded, making an overall incidence rate of 2.8/1,000 live births. thirty of the 41 bloodstream infections occurred in premature infants (incidence rate 38/1,000) and 11 in full-term infants (incidence rate 0.8/1,000). the overall case fatality rate was 19.5%, and in the premature group it was 26.7%. aside from prematurity, t ...	1983	6662686
structure of native polysaccharide antigens of type ia and type ib group b streptococcus.		1983	6838851
nontypable haemophilus influenzae (biotype 4) as a neonatal, maternal, and genital pathogen.	between 1976 and 1981 haemophilus influenzae was identified in 16 women with postpartum bacteremia and 36 neonates with bacteremia or meningitis. h. influenzae was also recovered from neonatal or genital cultures of 50 additional patients. by counter-immunoelectrophoresis 17% of neonatal isolates from blood or cerebrospinal fluid (csf) were type b. all remaining strains (94% overall) were nontypable (nt). of the nt blood or csf isolates, 38% belonged to biotype 4. of all the nt biotype 4 isolate ...	1983	6600849
age-dependent effects of aminobutyryl muramyl dipeptide on alveolar macrophage function in infant and adult macaca monkeys.	we compared the antimicrobial function of alveolar macrophages (am) from adult and 3- to 5-wk-old infant primates (macaca nemestrina) and the effects of the immunomodulator, aminobutyryl muramyl dipeptide (abu-mdp) on this function. phagocytosis of staphylococcus aureus (sa) and group b streptococcus (gbs) by adult and infant am was comparable. adult and infant am killed sa equally within 15 min of incubation; however, after 45 min, with phagocytosis of additional bacteria, adult am had greater ...	1983	6638675
platelet aggregation by streptococcus pyogenes.	heat-killed group a streptococcus pyogenes induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma. aggregation was dependent upon the ratio of platelets to bacteria, with maximal aggregation occurring at 0.8 platelets per bacterium (final concentration, 300,000 per microliter). inhibition of the reaction by 3 mm edta indicated it was a true aggregation and not merely adhesion and agglutination. lactic acid dehydrogenase assays indicated lysis of platelets did not occur during a 6-min incubation pe ...	1983	6403459
[bacteriological studies of materno-fetal infections caused by group b streptococcus].	a screening, that we have carried out on pregnant women, has allowed to isolate 33 strains of group b streptococci (19.8%) on the vervical -vaginal mucous membrane. the newborn's colonization was of 20%. no infectious disease was observed in the newborn. the simplicity and the practicability of the methodology are an useful contribution to the prevention of these possible maternal-foetal diseases.	1983	6374737
selective pigment medium for streptococcus agalactiae.	increased awareness of the importance of streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) in neonatal morbidity and mortality has demonstrated the need for a selective and differential primary plating medium. in this report we describe a selective pigment medium containing colistin and nalidixic acid that allows presumptive identification of s. agalactiae from the primary plate, even when specimens are polymicrobic. a preliminary study compared the value of three media for pigment production by ...	1983	6359879
experimental group b streptococcal endocarditis treated with penicillin g versus ceftizoxime. in vitro-in vivo disparity.	aortic valve endocarditis due to a penicillin g (pnc) and ceftizoxime (cz)-sensitive group b streptococcus (gbs) was induced in 72 rabbits. animals received either procaine pnc (300 mg/kg per day) or cz (150 mg/kg/day) for 3, 6, or 9 days. pnc rapidly sterilized blood cultures (less than or equal to 3 days) and significantly reduced vegetation gbs titers versus controls at all three sacrifice times (p less than 0.0005). in contrast, cz exerted a slow in vivo bactericidal effect with vegetation t ...	1983	6311493