Publications

listeriosis during pregnancy.	listeriosis is an uncommon infection that has a unique predilection for pregnant women and may result in pregnancy loss. contaminated food is the usual source of infection, and increased federal surveillance of foodstuffs is the most effective strategy for prevention of disease. although dramatic epidemics have received the most publicity, more cases of perinatal listeriosis are isolated. if listeria chorioamnionitis is diagnosed preterm, in contrast to other types of chorioamnionitis, in utero ...	1998	9870235
intrapartum management relating to the risk of perinatal transmission of group b streptococcus.	to review the incidence of neonatal group b streptococcal (gbs) sepsis and its associated risk factors in our obstetrical population.	1998	9678144
acquired brachial-plexus neuropathy in the neonate: a rare presentation of late-onset group-b streptococcal osteomyelitis.	acquired brachial-plexus neuropathy outside the immediate neonatal period is uncommon. pseudopalsy of a limb, associated with osteomyelitis, is well recognized. acquired brachial-plexus neuropathy as the initial presentation of osteomyelitis of the humerus in the neonatal period is described. three infants presented at 3, 15, and 21 days respectively, with acute monoplegia consistent with brachial-plexus neuropathy. the infants were afebrile and generally well. initial radiographs of the humerus ...	1998	9698064
physical and genetic chromosomal maps of streptococcus agalactiae, serotypes ii and iii; rrna operon organization.	a detailed analysis of two streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus, gbs) strains was performed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge). digestion of the chromosomal dna with smai and sgrai endonucleases, followed by separation and analysis of fragments by pfge was carried out. physical chromosomal maps of serotype ii/(alpha + beta) and iii/alpha strains of s. agalactiae were constructed. the gbs genome size was estimated to be 2200 kb. sixteen gbs genes were used as probes and were lo ...	1998	9785449
assessment of office-based care of sexually transmitted diseases and vaginitis and antibiotic decision-making by obstetrician-gynecologists.	survey office-based obstetric-gynecologic practitioners regarding their knowledge of infectious disease care and antibiotic use.	1998	9972486
group b streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome in adults.	necrotizing fasciitis, which is a severe and uncommon infection involving the subcutaneous tissues, is usually caused by group a streptococci. to our knowledge, however, group b streptococci (streptococcus agalactiae) have been reported to cause necrotizing fasciitis in only 4 instances (2 involving neonates) over the past 4 decades. we report 3 cases of group b streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis in adults that occurred in southern ontario and quebec within a 10-month period. all 3 patients had ...	1998	9701105
is lumbar puncture necessary to exclude meningitis in neonates and young infants: lessons from the group b streptococcus cellulitis- adenitis syndrome.		1998	9786777
fatal maternal beta-hemolytic group b streptococcal meningitis: a case report.	meningitis secondary to beta-hemolytic group b streptococcus is rare and represents less than 1% of cases of adult meningitis. we report the first known case of maternal mortality attributed to beta-hemolytic group b streptococcal meningitis. a 23-year-old african-american woman with a benign prenatal course delivered a viable male infant at term. labor was complicated by thick meconium for which a saline amnioinfusion was utilized. on postpartum day 1, the patient complained of right hip pain a ...	1998	10064199
cm101-mediated recovery of walking ability in adult mice paralyzed by spinal cord injury.	cm101, an antiangiogenic polysaccharide derived from group b streptococcus, was administered by i.v. injection 1 hr post-spinal-cord crush injury in an effort to prevent inflammatory angiogenesis and gliosis (scarring) in a mouse model. we postulated that gliosis would sterically prevent the reestablishment of neuronal connectivity; thus, treatment with cm101 was repeated every other day for five more infusions for the purpose of facilitating regeneration of neuronal function. twenty-five of 26 ...	1998	9789063
a case illustrating the continued dilemmas in treating abdominal pregnancy and a potential explanation for the high rate of postsurgical febrile morbidity.	abdominal pregnancy is potentially highly morbid and often complicated by postoperative fever.	1998	9813448
effect of therapeutic concentrations of nitric oxide on bacterial growth in vitro.	besides its vasodilative actions, nitric oxide (no) is also involved in host defense on a cellular level. we studied the antimicrobial properties of no in concentrations used with inhaled no therapy for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in neonates.	1998	9824079
estimation of group b streptococcus type iii polysaccharide-specific antibody concentrations in human sera is antigen dependent.	the presence of immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies against group b streptococcus (gbs) type iii polysaccharide (ps) has been correlated with protection against gbs disease. the gbs type iii ps is structurally similar to the pneumococcal type 14 ps, differing only in the presence of sialic acid residues. four different preparations of gbs type iii ps were evaluated for their specificity in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa): free ps, free ps mixed with methylated human serum albumin (mhsa), ...	1998	9826364
alcohol versus natural drying for newborn cord care.	to compare alcohol cleaning and natural drying of newborn umbilical cords.	1998	9836156
intramyometrial abscess complicating pregnancy. a report of two cases.	intramyometrial abscess in pregnancy is a rare event. little information is available on the presentations and potential complications.	1998	9839271
acute prostatitis with prostatic abscess caused by group b streptococcus.		1998	9709900
properties of human anti-group b streptococcal type iii capsular igg antibody.	the group b streptococcus is the commonest cause of bacterial infection in the newborn. in an attempt to prevent these infections, various vaccines are in development, most of which contain at least one of the capsular carbohydrates of the bacterium. we present new detailed data on the natural human antibody response to the type iii capsular carbohydrate as we believe it is important to ascertain equivalent data for any new candidate vaccine in order to predict efficacy. we demonstrate that natu ...	1998	9473378
detection of group b streptococcus: comparison of an optical immunoassay with direct plating and broth-enhanced culture methods.	the aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of an optical immunoassay (strep b oia, biostar) to direct plating and broth-enhanced culture for the detection of group b streptococcus (gbs) colonization of the lower genital tract in pregnant women. gbs cultures from the lower genital tract were obtained in a prospective fashion using a dual swab transport system from patients with risk factors for perinatal gbs infection. one swab was used to inoculate a trypticase soy agar plate w ...	1998	9730482
group b streptococcal infections.	group b streptococcal infection is the most common cause of neonatal sepsis and is responsible for significant neonatal morbidity and mortality. group b streptococcus is also the causative agent in 50,000 maternal infections per year. approximately 30% of women have asymptomatic group b streptococcal colonization at some time during pregnancy, but the neonatal attack rate is only about 2 per 1,000 deliveries. maternal and neonatal risk factors contribute to the rates of vertical transmission and ...	1998	9738991
epizootic of group b streptococcus agalactiae serotype v in dba/2 mice.	beta-hemolytic streptococcus agalactiae serotype v was identified as the cause of an infection in laboratory mice. principally, the organism induced fatal septicemia in dba/2 breeding-age mice. the syndrome appeared to originate as an ascending pyelonephritis, which progressed to septicemia. microscopic lesions were found in the heart, kidneys, spleen, and liver, and less commonly in the uterus, thoracic cavity, lymph nodes, and lungs. the epizootic was controlled by eradication of the breeding ...	1998	9517886
prophylaxis for neonatal group b streptococcus infections.	for the past two decades, group b streptococcus (gbs) has been the pathogen most frequently isolated from neonates with invasive bacterial disease. this is a review of the relevant aspects of microbiology, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations and a summary of the major studies of prevention strategies that led to the development of the 1996 consensus guidelines for prevention of perinatal gbs disease. there is now sufficient experience to know that > or = 80% of cases of early onset gbs dis ...	1998	9523398
recurrent group b streptococcal disease in infants: who should receive rifampin?	a preterm breast-fed infant had three episodes of type ia/c group b streptococcus septicemia. after the second episode rifampin was given to the infant, but further ia/c exposure to maternal breast milk ensued. we propose rifampin treatment for both the mother and infant in cases of recurrent group b streptococcus disease.	1998	9544918
the use of lumbar puncture and laboratory tests for sepsis by australian neonatologists.	to ascertain the current use of lumbar puncture (lp) and laboratory tests for possible or suspected sepsis by australian neonatologists.	1998	9568947
eight-year outcome of universal screening and intrapartum antibiotics for maternal group b streptococcal carriers.	to report the outcome of intervention to reduce early-onset group b streptococcal disease (eogbsd) at a tertiary maternity hospital in sydney and to review all cases of eogbsd since intervention to improve outcomes further.	1998	9417166
antibody responses in invasive group b streptococcal infection in adults.	nonpregnant adults with group b streptococcus bacteremia were identified by active surveillance in three hospitals. serum samples collected within 2 days of the time of blood culture were assayed for igg antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of the infecting strain: serotype ia (3 isolates), iii (5 isolates), or v (4 isolates). in 7 of 12 bacteremia episodes, the serum level of igg to the infecting isolate was > or = 3.5 microg/ml, higher than the 1-2 microg/ml level thought to be protective ...	1998	9697746
meconium: a marker for peripartum infection.	to test the hypothesis that the presence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid (af) is associated with maternal and neonatal infection, both before and after delivery.	1998	9572222
fatal myocarditis associated with a lancefield group b streptococcus.		1998	9661962
epidemiology of group b streptococcal disease in the united states: shifting paradigms.	since its emergence 25 years ago, group b streptococcus has become recognized as a cause of serious illness in newborns, pregnant women, and adults with chronic medical conditions. heavy colonization of the genital tract with group b streptococcus also increases the risk that a woman will deliver a preterm low-birthweight infant. early-onset infections (occurring at < 7 days of age) are associated with much lower fatality than when they were first described, and their incidence is finally decrea ...	1998	9665980
an adult male with group b streptococcus bacteremia, meningitis, and endocarditis.		1998	9617307
sudden increase in isolation of group b streptococci, serotype v, is not due to emergence of a new pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type.	until recently, group b streptococcus, serotype v (gbs-v), was an infrequent cause of disease. it is now recognized as a significant cause of infections in both children and adults. to determine if this increase was due to the recent introduction and spread of a single clone of gbs-v, we analyzed, by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), the smai chromosomal dna digests of 45 bacteria: 41 isolated from human infections between 1986 and 1996 in the united states, 2 from human infections in arg ...	1998	9650978
timing of intrapartum ampicillin and prevention of vertical transmission of group b streptococcus.	to evaluate the relationship between the time elapsed from the administration of ampicillin prophylaxis to delivery and its efficacy in interrupting intrapartum transmission of group b streptococcus.	1998	9464732
concepts and controversies in the management of group b streptococcus during pregnancy.	group b beta-hemolytic streptococcus colonizes 20 percent of pregnant women. intrapartum fetal colonization leads to invasive disease in 1 to 2 infants of every 1000 births in the united states, and has a mortality of approximately 6 percent. several protocols using intrapartum chemoprophylaxis have been devised to improve management of the disease, but confusion continues about details and implementation. this review examined the clinical issues, current management protocols, and advantages and ...	1998	9534505
attachment of group b streptococci to macrophages is mediated by a 21-kda protein.	group b streptococcus (gbs) is able to bind to human macrophages in vitro in the absence of exogenous opsonins. the exact mechanisms that mediate this attachment are unclear. this study was undertaken to determine what protein adhesins are present on the surface of gbs that mediate attachment to macrophages. we have identified a 21-kda protein from the envelope of gbs type iii that directly binds to macrophages as determined by western blot analysis. antiserum against this protein was able to in ...	1998	9544775
functional studies on the anti-pathoangiogenic properties of cm101.	group b streptococcus (gbs) isolated from human neonates diagnosed with sepsis and respiratory distress produces a polysaccharide exotoxin (cm101) which has been previously described as gbs toxin. cm101 infused i.v. into tumor-bearing mice causes rapid tumor neovascularitis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, inhibition of tumor growth and tumor apoptosis. cm101 has successfully completed phase i studies in refractory cancer patients with very encouraging results. we have now demonstrated a mec ...	1998	14517462
prevention of group b streptococcal infection in neonates.	most publications on the subject of group b streptococcus since december 1996 have concentrated on supporting and to some degree extending our existing knowledge of the epidemiology of group b streptococcus and of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis, which is the only approach available for reducing the incidence of group b streptococcal infection. of greatest importance clinically are the reviews and studies on intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis, which continue to show that this is a worth ...	1998	17033399
the pediatric investigators collaborative network on infections in canada (picnic) study of neonatal group b streptococcal infections in canada.	to determine the presentation and medical outcomes of neonatal group b streptococcus (gbs) disease in canada, and describe maternal and obstetrical risk factors.	1999	20212931
bloodstream infections in a neonatal intensive-care unit: 12 years' experience with an antibiotic control program.	to assess the prevalence of gram-positive coccal (gpc), gram-negative bacillary (gnb), and fungal blood-stream infections (bsis) during a 12-year period in which a consistent antibiotic treatment protocol was in place; to evaluate the efficacy of these antibiotic policies in relation to treatment, to the emergence of bacterial or fungal resistance, and to the occurrence of infection outbreaks or epidemics.	1999	10219874
surfactant protein-a binds group b streptococcus enhancing phagocytosis and clearance from lungs of surfactant protein-a-deficient mice.	surfactant protein-a (sp-a) gene-targeted mice clear group b streptococcus (gbs) from the lungs at a slower rate than wild-type mice. to determine mechanisms by which sp-a enhances pulmonary clearance of gbs, the role of sp-a in binding and phagocytosis of gbs was assessed in sp-a (-/-) mice infected with gbs in the presence and absence of exogenous sp-a. coadministration of gbs with exogenous sp-a decreased gbs colony counts in lung homogenates of sp-a (-/-) mice. sp-a bound to gbs in a calcium ...	1999	9922219
group b streptococcus infection rate unchanged by gestational diabetes.	group b streptococcal colonization in pregnancy has been associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, including intra-amniotic infection, postpartum endometritis, and neonatal sepsis. we sought to determine whether gestational diabetes increases the risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity from group b streptococcal colonization.	1999	9932572
gm-csf-deficient mice are susceptible to pulmonary group b streptococcal infection.	granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) gene-targeted mice (gm-/-) cleared group b streptococcus (gbs) from the lungs more slowly than wild-type mice. expression of gm-csf in the respiratory epithelium of gm-/- mice improved bacterial clearance to levels greater than that in wild-type gm+/+ mice. acute aerosolization of gm-csf to gm+/+ mice significantly enhanced clearance of gbs at 24 hours. gbs infection was associated with increased neutrophilic infiltration in lungs of gm-/ ...	1999	10021465
group b streptococcus.	during the 1990s the focus of group b streptococcus (gbs) disease research has shifted to prevention. increased use of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis in north america and australia has led to substantial declines in perinatal disease. vaccine development (initiated two decades earlier) has yielded results--for example, polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines given to women of reproductive age proved to be highly immunogenic and well tolerated. also economic evaluations have assessed the ...	1999	10023965
change in antibiotic resistance of group b streptococcus: impact on intrapartum management.	intrapartum chemoprophylaxis has resulted in a significant reduction of group b streptococcus neonatal infection. for penicillin-allergic patients, clindamycin or erythromycin is the recommended antibiotic. the purpose of this study was to establish any pattern of antibiotic resistance of group b streptococcal clinical isolates over the past 15 years.	1999	10454674
serotypes vi and viii predominate among group b streptococci isolated from pregnant japanese women.	infection by group b streptococcus (gbs) is an important cause of bacterial disease in neonates, pregnant women, and nonpregnant adults. whereas serotypes ia, ib, ii, iii, and v are most commonly associated with colonization and disease in the united states, strains of other serotypes have been isolated from patients in japan. by use of an inhibition elisa, the serotypes of 73 vaginal colonizing gbs strains isolated from healthy pregnant japanese women were investigated. twenty-six (35.6%) were ...	1999	10068604
surveillance of neonatal group b streptococcal infection in sunderland.	surveillance of neonatal group b streptococcus infection in sunderland identified 15 confirmed cases (with positive cultures from blood or csf) in three years from 1995 to 1997, equivalent to an incidence of 1.42 per 1000 live births, not much lower than the estimate of 1.8 used in the united states to justify the introduction of preventative policies. confirmed early-onset cases may represent only a fraction of the true number of cases, and a modified risk factor-based policy was introduced in ...	1999	10462900
molecular characterization of type-specific capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis genes of streptococcus agalactiae type ia.	the type-specific capsular polysaccharide (cp) of a group b streptococcus, streptococcus agalactiae type ia, is a high-molecular-weight polymer consisting of the pentasaccharide repeating unit 4)-[alpha-d-neupnac-(2-->3)-beta-d-galp-(1-->4)-beta-d-glcpnac-(1- ->3 )]-beta-d-galp-(1-->4)-beta-d-glcp-(1. here, cloning, sequencing, and transcription of the type ia-specific capsular polysaccharide synthesis (cps) genes and functional analysis of these gene products are described. a 26-kb dna fragment ...	1999	10464185
protection against experimental infection with group b streptococcus by immunization with a bivalent protein vaccine.	group b streptococcus (gbs), a bacterium with polysaccharide capsule, is the major cause of sepsis and meningitis in early infancy. recent work has indicated that immunity to gbs infection can be elicited by the surface proteins rib and alpha, either of which is expressed by most gbs strains causing invasive infections. here we show that a bivalent vaccine, composed of purified rib and alpha mixed with aluminum hydroxide (alum), an adjuvant accepted for human use, elicits an antibody response to ...	1999	10073723
the difference in group b streptococcus prophylaxis protocols.		1999	10076200
characterization of enterococcus faecalis alkaline phosphatase and use in identifying streptococcus agalactiae secreted proteins.	we have identified and characterized an enterococcus faecalis alkaline phosphatase (ap, encoded by phoz). the predicted gene product shows homology with alkaline phosphatases from a variety of species; it has especially high similarity with two alkaline phosphatases from bacillus subtilis. expression of phoz in escherichia coli, e. faecalis, streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus [gbs]), or streptococcus pyogenes (group a streptococcus [gas]) produces a blue-colony phenotype on plates c ...	1999	10482522
capsular sialic acid limits c5a production on type iii group b streptococci.	the majority of type iii group b streptococcus (gbs) human neonatal infections are caused by a genetically related subgroup called iii-3. we have proposed that a bacterial enzyme, c5a-ase, contributes to the pathogenesis of neonatal infections with gbs by rapidly inactivating c5a, a potent pro-inflammatory molecule, but many iii-3 strains do not express c5a-ase. the amount of c5a produced in serum following incubation with representative type iii strains was quantitated in order to better unders ...	1999	10085029
management of asymptomatic term neonates born to mothers with group b streptococcus.		1999	10085839
group b streptococcus infection, not birth asphyxia.	this case illustrates 2 main points. firstly, fetal infection can mimic exactly both the immediate and delayed signs of perinatal asphyxia. secondly, the placenta may hold the key to the diagnosis of sepsis which may be made difficult in the neonate by labour ward practices such as the use of intrapartum and immediate newborn antibiotics. we strongly support the recommendation that newborn blood and fetal membrane cultures should always be obtained in babies with a diagnosis of 'intrapartum asph ...	1999	10099763
hepatic subcapsular hematomas in fetuses and neonatal infants.	in fetuses and neonates hepatic subcapsular hematomas are relatively common lesions and may be life-threatening. conditions previously associated with these hematomas include trauma, coagulopathies, hypoxia, sepsis, pneumothorax, maternal diseases, and placental lesions. in this study of 755 perinatal autopsies, hepatic subcapsular hematomas were found in 52 (6.9%) cases, including 31 stillborn fetuses and 21 liveborn infants. the average body weight was 690 g. a comparison group consisted of 52 ...	1999	10191344
[pregnant women themselves can take specimens for identification of group b streptococci carriers].	prenatal screening for group b streptococcus colonisation in pregnant women is controversial, though recommended in some countries. we aimed to compare the detection rate when pregnant women performed their own vaginal/anorectal swabs with the standard practice of physician obtained swabs. during six months, 89 pregnant women with high risk for premature labor collected their own vaginal/anorectal swab after instruction from a midwife. afterwards a physician took a similar sample among 80 of the ...	1999	10504845
intrapartum antibiotics and early onset neonatal sepsis caused by group b streptococcus and by other organisms in australia. australasian study group for neonatal infections.	early onset group b streptococcal (eogbs) infection, the major neonatal infection in industrialized countries, can be prevented by intrapartum antibiotics, but population studies are lacking. this study aimed to determine the incidence of early onset infections caused by group b streptococcus (gbs) and other organisms in australia and to assess intrapartum antibiotic use.	1999	10391182
neonatal sepsis caused simultaneously by two serotypes of group b streptococcus.		1999	10223702
preventing early-onset group b streptococcal sepsis: strategy development using decision analysis.	to evaluate recommended strategies for prevention of early-onset group b streptococcal infections (eogbs) with reference to strategies optimized using decision analysis.	1999	10353973
antimicrobial prevention of early-onset group b streptococcal sepsis: estimates of risk reduction based on a critical literature review.	to identify interventions that reduce the attack rate for early-onset group b streptococcal (gbs) sepsis in neonates.	1999	10353975
the r28 protein of streptococcus pyogenes is related to several group b streptococcal surface proteins, confers protective immunity and promotes binding to human epithelial cells.	the r28 protein is a surface molecule expressed by some strains of streptococcus pyogenes (group a streptococcus). here, we present evidence that r28 may play an important role in virulence. sequence analysis demonstrated that r28 has an extremely repetitive sequence and can be viewed as a chimera derived from the three surface proteins rib, alpha and beta of the group b streptococcus (gbs). thus, the gene encoding r28 may have originated in gbs. the r28 protein promotes adhesion to human epithe ...	1999	10411737
self-collection of group b streptococcus cultures in pregnant women.	this study assesses the sensitivity of self-collected rectovaginal culture specimens for group b streptococcus by pregnant patients.	1999	10414060
chorioamniotic membranes constitute a competent barrier to group b streptococcus in vitro.	to study the penetration of group b streptococcus (gbs) through human chorioamniotic membranes in vitro.	1999	10391527
inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serotyping of group b streptococcal isolates.	group b streptococcus (gbs) is one of the most common organisms causing neonatal sepsis as well as serious infections in adults. serotyping the organism is important in studying the epidemiology of the disease as well as deciding a course of treatment. there are several methods available for serotyping. most of them need high-titered sera and are not quantitative. we are reporting a new inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for serotyping which is sensitive and specific compared t ...	1999	10405402
semiquantitative bacterial observations with group b streptococcal vulvovaginitis.	group b streptococcal (gbs) vulvovaginitis is a poorly-delineated clinical entity. the purpose of this study is to report semiquantitative data from four cases of gbs vulvovaginitis and to comment on their significance in terms of the in vitro inhibitory capabilities of gbs.	1999	10524667
dna probe for beta-hemolytic group b streptococcus. diagnostic accuracy in threatened preterm labor.	to determine the diagnostic accuracy of a dna probe for beta-hemolytic group b streptococcus (gbs) in women with threatened preterm labor.	1999	10442319
the capture rate of at-risk term newborns for early-onset group b streptococcal sepsis determined by a risk factor approach.	currently, the centers for disease control and prevention, the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists, and the american academy of pediatrics recommend that health care providers for pregnant women implement 1 of 2 strategies for the potential prevention of early-onset neonatal group b streptococcal sepsis. both algorithms recommend intrapartum antibiotic chemoprophylaxis for patients delivered of their neonates at <37 weeks' gestation. the basic difference lies in the management of ...	1999	10561653
anaphylaxis in labor secondary to prophylaxis against group b streptococcus. a case report.	two strategies have been recommended by the centers for disease control and prevention and approved by the american college of obstetrics and gynecology to help prevent group b streptococcal disease in the newborn. both involve using penicillin in labor. however, the potential for allergic and even anaphylactic reactions to penicillin exists.	1999	10319312
synthesis of a disialylated hexasaccharide of type viii group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharide.	as part of our program to design, develop and prepare protective vaccines against the bacterial pathogens group b streptococcus, we report the synthesis of a disialylated hexasaccharide. this hexasaccharide represents a portion of the serotype-specific capsular polysaccharide of type viii that has the tetrasaccharide repeat unit [beta-l-rhap-(1-->4)-beta-d-glcp-(1-->4)-[alpha-neu5ac-(2--> 3)]-beta-d- galp-(1-->4)]n. a tetrasaccharide corresponding to this repeat unit has been synthesized by us [ ...	1999	10520252
aseptic meningitis in the newborn and young infant.	when a toxic newborn or young infant presents with fever and lethargy or irritability, it is important to consider the diagnosis of meningitis even if the classic localizing signs and symptoms are absent. cerebrospinal fluid should be obtained (unless lumbar puncture is clinically contraindicated) to enable initial therapy to be planned. initial results of cerebrospinal fluid testing may not conclusively differentiate between aseptic and bacterial meningitis, and antimicrobial therapy for all li ...	1999	10348069
bacterial infections in infants 60 days and younger: epidemiology, resistance, and implications for treatment.	to establish what might be more optimal initial antibiotic therapy for suspected invasive bacterial infections in infants 60 days or younger who are evaluated in the emergency department (ed).	1999	10357302
peritonitis caused by group b streptococcus in a child receiving continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis.		1999	10391199
an escherichia coli-enterococcus faecalis shuttle vector as a tool for the construction of a group b streptococcus heterologous mutant expressing the beta antigen (bac) of the c protein complex.	group b streptococci (gbs) represent a very important group of human pathogens. so far little is known about the mechanisms by which these bacteria can cause disease and the bacterial factors involved. one putative virulence factor is the beta antigen of the c protein complex (bac), which can bind to the fc region of human iga. its binding function might represent an important virulence mechanism. however, the genetic manipulation of this group of bacteria, necessary to prove involvement of bact ...	1999	10556720
[group b streptococcus, primary cause of life-threatening infections in infants. epidemiology and prevention strategy].	as soon as the early 70's, group b streptococci (gbs) became clearly predominant in neonatal infections. there was a dramatic increase in the incidence of gbs neonatal sepsis and meningitis throughout developed countries and gbs emerged as the leading cause of severe neonatal infections. most of these infections, associated with high mortality and morbidity, could be prevented by intrapartum chemoprophylaxis given to risk mothers. aap, acog and the cdc issued guidelines for their prevention. tod ...	1999	10394247
conformational epitope of the type iii group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharide.	the protective epitope of the type iii group b streptococcal polysaccharide (gbspiii) is length dependent and conformational. to obtain a more accurate characterization of the conformational epitope, elisa inhibition and surface plasmon resonance studies were conducted on two gbspiii-specific mabs using a large panel of oligosaccharide probes. the results of the studies confirmed that 2 repeating units (ru) is the minimum binding unit and that, while increases in chain length from 2 ru to 7 ru c ...	1999	10395675
deregulation of cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase gene expression in the inflammatory cascade triggered by experimental group b streptococcal meningitis in the newborn brain and cerebral microvessels.	group b streptococcus (gbs) is the most common cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. despite antibiotics, gbs in the newborn initiates a cascade of molecular and biological events leading to altered cerebral perfusion, blood-brain barrier disruption, cerebral edema, intracranial hypertension, neurological damage, and even death. having previously shown that gbs infection impairs cerebral blood flow autoregulation and increases prostaglandin (pg) levels, we examined the regulation of some cruc ...	1999	10405195
subcellular fractionation of group b streptococcus.		1999	10407656
[value of a rapid screening technique for vaginal carriage of group b streptococcus during hig-risk pregnancies].	vaginal colonization by group b streptococci (gbs) during pregnancy is associated with lige-threatening neonatal infections acquired during passage through the birth canal. factors associated with an increased risk of gbs transmission to the neonate include prematurity, premature spontaneous rupture of the membranes before 37 weeks of gestational age, prolonged (> 12 h) rupture of the membranes at full term, fever in the mother, multiple pregnancy, and a history of gbs infection. a study was con ...	1999	10418026
synthesis and preclinical evaluation of glycoconjugate vaccines against group b streptococcus types vi and viii.	group b streptococcus (gbs) types vi and viii are prevalent among serotypes isolated from pregnant women in japan. maternal vaccination with a safe and effective gbs vaccine has been proposed as a rational approach to prevent neonatal gbs disease. because antibody specific for the capsular polysaccharide (cps) antigens of gbs is protective, vaccines were developed with purified type vi and viii cps coupled to tetanus toxoid. in rabbits the newly synthesized conjugate vaccines elicited high-titer ...	1999	10438388
laboratory practices for prenatal group b streptococcal screening and reporting--connecticut, georgia, and minnesota, 1997-1998.	group b streptococcus (gbs) is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis in the united states. cdc, in collaboration with the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists and the american academy of pediatrics, recommends that laboratories adopt optimal screening practices to identify gbs and to promptly report test results so that gbs-colonized pregnant women can receive antibiotics during labor. to assess gbs screening practices in clinical laboratories, state health departments surveyed labor ...	1999	10365633
protective effect of tyrphostin ag-556 on shock induced by endotoxin or gram positive bacteria.	the effects of tyrphostin ag-556 (tyr), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, were evaluated on shock induced by lipopolysaccharide (lps) or group b streptococcus (gbs) in rats. mortality and mean survival time were monitored. plasma 6-keto prostaglandin f1alpha (6-keto pgf1alpha) was also measured at four hours after lps injection. the effects of tyr on the production of 6-keto pgf1alpha thromboxane b2(txb2) and nitrite (no) from lps or gbs stimulated in vitro peritoneal rat macrophage were also examine ...	1999	10446890
measurement of human antibodies to type iii group b streptococcus.		1999	10447392
evaluation of the strep b oia test compared to standard culture methods for detection of group b streptococci.	this study evaluated the accuracy of the commercial product strep b oia (optical immunoassay) compared to the standard agar and broth culture methods for detecting vaginal colonization with group b streptococcus (gbs).	1999	10449270
intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis increases the incidence of gram-negative neonatal sepsis.	to investigate the influence of the increased use of intrapartum chemoprophylaxis on the incidence of vertically transmitted neonatal sepsis.	1999	10449272
role of complement component c1q in the igg-independent opsonophagocytosis of group b streptococcus.	we investigated the role of complement component c1q in the igg-independent opsonophagocytosis of type iii group b streptococcus (gbs) by peripheral blood leukocytes. we report that c1q binds to type iii gbs both in normal human serum deficient in igg specific for type iii capsular polysaccharide and in a low-ionic strength buffer. the dissociation constant kd ranged from 2.0 to 5.5 nm, and the number of binding sites bmax ranged from 630 to 1360 molecules of c1q per bacterium (cfu). an acapsula ...	1999	10453019
role of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6 in a mouse model of group b streptococcal arthritis.	intravenous inoculation of cd1 mice with 10(7) cfu of type iv group b streptococcus (gbs iv) results in a high incidence of diffuse septic arthritis. in this study the roles of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin-1beta (il-1beta), and il-6 in articular pathology were evaluated. cytokine levels were quantified in the serum and joints by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in mice injected with gbs iv and tested or not tested with pentoxifylline (ptf), a methylxanthine that affects ...	1999	10456898
regulation of cell component production by growth rate in the group b streptococcus.	group b streptococcus (gbs) is the leading cause of bacterial sepsis and meningitis among neonates. while the capsular polysaccharide (cps) is an important virulence factor of gbs, other cell surface components, such as c proteins, may also play a role in gbs disease. cps production by gbs type iii strain m781 was greater when cells were held at a fast (1.4-h mass-doubling time [td]) than at a slow (11-h td) rate of growth. to further investigate growth rate regulation of cps production and to i ...	1999	10464211
group b streptococcal vertebral osteomyelitis with bacteraemia in an adult with no debilitating condition.	a previously healthy 62-year-old immunocompetent woman presented with group b streptococcal vertebral osteomyelitis. group b streptococcus was recovered in 3 consecutive blood cultures. the patient recovered fully after treatment including antibiotic therapy, bed rest and physical rehabilitation. group b streptococcal vertebral osteomyelitis is uncommon and has not previously been reported in patients with no immunosuppressive condition.	1999	10482065
vaginal colonization with group b streptococcus (streptococcus agalactiae) and peritonitis in a woman on capd.		1999	10489238
neonatal group b streptococcal disease in finland: a ten-year nationwide study.	group b streptococcus (gbs) is the most common cause of invasive infections in newborns. gbs bacteria are typed on the basis of capsular polysaccharides or surface-localized proteins. both polysaccharides and protein antigens have been suggested as potential vaccine candidates.	1999	10493342
fifteen years of experience with bacterial meningitis.	introduction of haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) vaccines has dramatically altered the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in children. the goal of this study was to describe these changes in a pediatric teaching hospital.	1999	10493344
role of postnatal penicillin prophylaxis in prevention of neonatal group b streptococcus infection.	this prospective study was designed to identify the role of postnatal penicillin prophylaxis in the prevention of neonatal group b streptococcus (gbs) infection. we studied 10 998 infants. of these, 5389 were in the penicillin prophylaxis group (pp) and 5609 infants did not receive penicillin prophylaxis (npp). infants were allocated to treatment by month of birth, alternating 3-mo blocks or 2-mo blocks to the two groups after the first block was randomly assigned. the use of pp reduced the inci ...	1999	10503688
neonatal group b streptococcal bacteraemia in india: ten years' experience.	group b streptococcus (gbs) is an infrequent cause of neonatal septicaemia in many developing countries. in a perinatal centre in india with 60,119 live births between 1988 and 1997, gbs was isolated from blood cultures of 10 babies. thus the incidence of gbs bacteraemia was 0.17 per 1000 live births. lethargy, respiratory distress and poor perfusion were the presenting features in eight symptomatic babies. two babies had meningitis, three required ventilatory support and one died. there were no ...	1999	10519349
a serotype viii strain among colonizing group b streptococcal isolates in boston, massachusetts.	maternal colonization with group b streptococcus (gbs) is a risk factor for neonatal gbs disease. whereas serotypes ia, ib, ii, iii, and v are prevalent in the united states, types vi and viii predominate in japan. recently, a serotype viii strain was detected among 114 clinical gbs isolates from a boston, mass., hospital.	1999	10523595
incidence of intrapartum maternal risk factors for identifying neonates at risk for early-onset group b streptococcal sepsis: a prospective study.	in mid-1996 and early 1997, the centers for disease control and prevention, the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists, and the american academy of pediatrics all published guidelines outlining 2 potential strategies for the purpose of preventing neonatal sepsis caused by group b streptococcus. one of these approaches involves treating pregnant women intrapartum with antibiotics if any of the following risk factors develop: delivery at <37 weeks' gestation, membrane rupture for >/=1 ...	1999	10561645
hypothermia decreases excitatory neurotransmitter release in bacterial meningitis in rabbits.	the excitatory neurotransmitters glutamate (glu) and aspartate (asp) are involved in the pathogenesis of neuronal injury in meningitis. based on past findings that the induction of moderate hypothermia (32-34 degrees c) attenuates the release of glu in ischemic brain injury, this study was designed to detect if the application of moderate hypothermia decreases the release of excitatory amino acids (eaa) from brain tissue of animals with bacterial meningitis. also examined was whether meningitis ...	1999	10564748
[a case of late onset group b streptococcus meningitis with transient oculomotor nerve palsy].	i report here a case of late onset group b streptococcus (gbs) meningitis with transient oculomotor nerve palsy. the boy was admitted to our hospital at 25 days of age. on the 5th hospital day, he was found to be unable to open the left eye. although light reflex of both the eyes was intact, the left eye was deviated to the left lateral side. we administered intravenously steroid hormone and antibiotics. his eye movements were normalized on the 30th hospital day. oculomotor nerve palsy in this c ...	1999	10565193
group b streptococcal surface proteins as targets for protective antibodies: identification of two novel proteins in strains of serotype v.	strains of group b streptococcus (gbs) express surface proteins that confer protective immunity. in particular, most strains of the four classical capsular serotypes (ia, ib, ii, and iii) express either of the rib and alpha proteins, two members of the same protein family. here, we report a study of surface proteins expressed by strains of serotype v, which has recently emerged as an important serotype among gbs strains causing serious disease. two novel gbs proteins were identified, purified, a ...	1999	10569749
[contribution of direct bacteriologic examinations to the diagnosis of early materno-fetal bacterial infection: the lille experience].	a prospective study was conducted in 3056 live-born infants delivered at the jeanneade-flandre maternity hospital of the lille teaching hospital between january and august 1997. clinical, laboratory test, and microbiological test findings were compared. a cohort of 1003 infants who remained in the maternity ward but were considered at increased risk of maternofetal infection (mfi) based on history and/or obstetrical criteria and/or neonatal criteria underwent routine collection of specimens incl ...	1999	10573697
upregulated expression of the cdna fragment possibly related to the virulence of acanthamoeba culbertsoni.	identification of the genes responsible for the recovery of virulence in brain-passaged acanthamoeba culbertsoni was attempted via mrna differential display-polymerase chain reaction (mrna dd-pcr) analysis. in order to identify the regulatory changes in transcription of the virulence related genes by the brain passages, mrna dd-pcr was performed which enabled the display of differentially transcribed mrnas after the brain passages. through mrna dd-pcr analysis. 96 brain-passaged amoeba specific ...	1999	10634042
low prevalence of the immunoglobulin-a-binding beta antigen of the c protein among streptococcus agalactiae isolates causing neonatal sepsis.	streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus, gbs) is the most important pathogen causing neonatal sepsis. the role of bacterial proteins contributing to pathogenicity in gbs infections has not yet been clearly determined, but the c protein complex has been suggested to be involved in both virulence and protective immunity. the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of gbs strains bearing the gene encoding for the beta antigen of the c protein among clinical isolates from 68 neonates ...	1999	10517191
a randomized trial of conjugated group b streptococcal type ia vaccine in a rabbit model of ascending infection.	maternal vaccination may become a central strategy in the prevention of early-onset group b streptococcal sepsis. unlike earlier group b streptococcal polysaccharide vaccines that were poorly immunogenic, newer vaccines conjugated to tetanus toxoid have been developed and have improved immunogenicity. we sought to evaluate a conjugated vaccine using our rabbit model of ascending infection.	1999	10521733
group b streptococcus: to culture or not to culture?	to determine if universal group b streptococcus (gbs) culturing and antibiotic prophylaxis of obstetric patients decreased the incidence of neonatal early-onset gbs sepsis and mortality and maternal chorioamnionitis.	1999	10685253
difficult decisions. group b streptococcus and intrapartum antibiotics.		1999	12024555