| accuracy of gram's stain in identifying pneumococci in sputum. | we prospectively examined the accuracy of gram-stained sputum for identifying pneumococci in 42 patients with community-acquired pneumonia. we considered the gram's stain positive if a preponderant flora or more than ten gram-positive lancet-shaped diplococci were seen per oil immersion (x1,000) field. these criteria were met in 18 (62%) of 29 specimens that actually contained pneumococci as determined by a positive quellung reaction, or culture on plates or in mice. the gram's stain was negativ ... | 1978 | 77336 |
| the induction of immunologic tolerance with type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide cross-linked or coupled to protein. | type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide molecules were linked to one another, i. e. cross-linked. the product was essentially insoluble in saline. large pieces weighing 1-2 mg were inserted into mice. they produced immunologic paralysis or immune tolerance. when placed intraperitoneally in millipore chambers the cross-linked polysaccharide did not have any apparent effect, for the mice were not tolerized. when pneumococcal polysaccharide was linked to a protein, the amount of polysaccharide require ... | 1978 | 79330 |
| immunodeficiency in familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. | | 1978 | 80713 |
| chloramphenicol-resistant pneumococci in west africa. | | 1978 | 77402 |
| pneumococcal infection after vaccination. | | 1978 | 82828 |
| [comparative study of diagnostic methods in purulent meningitis]. | | 1978 | 82990 |
| evidence that l-rhamnose is the antigenic determinant of hyporesponsiveness of balb/c mice to klebsiella pneumoniae type 47. | the genetic polymorphism in early, immunoglobulin m, responsiveness to the klebsiella pneumoniae type 47 polysaccharide (k47-ps) is determinant specific, and l-rhamnose is probably the determinant against which differential responsiveness is expressed. this is inferred from tests of the response to the cross-reacting streptococcus pneumoniae type 23 and non-cross-reacting pneumococcal polysaccharides of known chemical construction. b10.2/sn new-line mice are high responders and balb/c mice are l ... | 1978 | 83296 |
| characterization of the cross-reaction between type 19f(19) and 19a(57) pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides: compositional analysis and immunological relation determined with rabbit typing antisera. | the immunological relation, physicochemical characteristics, and chemical composition of type 19f(19) and 19a(57) within the cross-reactive group 19 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides were studied. by using rabbit hyperimmune diagnostic antisera in agglutination, immunodiffusion, quantitative precipitation, and absorption assays, extensive cross-antigenicity and cross-immunogenicity were demonstrable between the disease-associated types 19f(19) and 19a(57). types 19b(58) and 19c(59), rarely a ... | 1978 | 83302 |
| [use of the index of neutrophil damage for the diagnosis of allergy to branhamella catarhalis and pneumococcus]. | | 1979 | 83433 |
| early splenomegaly in homozygous sickle-cell disease: an indicator of susceptibility to infection. | 135 children with homozygous sickle-cell (ss) disease diagnosed at birth have been followed for 1--5 years. severe bacterial infections were confined to those in whom the spleen was first palpable at or before 1 year of age and were commonest in those in whom the spleen was first palpable at or before age 6 months. regular follow-up of children with ss disease diagnosed at birth will identify children particularly at risk of severe infections. | 1978 | 81988 |
| michael heidelberger. on the occasion of his 90th birthday on april 29, 1978. | | 1978 | 78850 |
| degradation of the polysaccharide component of gonococcal lipopolysaccharide by gonococcal and meningococcal sonic extracts. | an extract made from the supernatant of neisseria gonorrhoeae gc2 strain 1291 degraded the gc2 polysaccharide antigen. chemical analysis of this polysaccharide indicated it contains glucose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, glucosamine-6-phosphate, heptose, 2-keto-3-deoxyotonate, and ethanolamine and is the polysaccharide component of gonococcal lipopolysaccharide. degradation of the polysaccharide by sonic extracts resulted either in complete loss of antigenicity and immunogenicity or in ... | 1978 | 78894 |
| consumer survey on microbiology reports. | 5 typical microbiology reports were circulated to the medical staff of a 900-bed teaching hospital and they were asked for their interpretations. approximately 160 completed replies were received and it was clear that the reports were often misinterpreted; one report (isolation of a gram-negative rod from sputum) was misinterpreted by four doctors out of five. the reasons for this failure of communication seem to be the use of jargon and unfamiliar names of bacterial species, and use of ill-defi ... | 1979 | 84217 |
| comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis and elisa for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. | | 1979 | 84221 |
| immunodeterminant specificity of human immunity to type iii group b streptococcus. | the type iii polysaccharides of group b streptococcus in its native state chemically consists of glucose, galactose, glucosamine, and sialic acid. the core of this polysaccharide lacks sialic acid and precipitates with type iii antiserum to give a partial identity with the precipitate between the native antigen and this serum. the core determinant is immunochemically similar to the capsular polysaccharide of type xiv streptococcus pneumoniae, while the native type iii group b streptococcal polys ... | 1979 | 84042 |
| a case in point. cytological smears -- an aid in the diagnosis of external ocular pathology. | | 1979 | 84008 |
| immunoprecipitation and opsonic cross-reaction between type-14 pneumococcus and group-b streptococcus type iii. | antisera directed against type-14 pneumococcus was opsonic for several strains of type-iii group-b streptococcus. furthermore, the polysaccharide antigen in the polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine reacted to form precipitation lines with antisera directed against type-14 pneumococcus and group-b streptococcus type iii immunisation with currently available pneumococcal vaccine may provide opsonic antibody against group-b streptococci and provide a method of preventing neonatal group-b streptococcal i ... | 1979 | 84130 |
| type-14 pneumococcal vaccine for prevention of gonorrhoea. | | 1979 | 86759 |
| binding studies with antibodies having phosphorylcholine specificity and fragments derived from their homologous streptococcus pneumoniae type 27 capsular polysaccharide. | the capsular polysaccharide from streptococcus pneumoniae type 27 (s-27) has been fragmented into oligosaccharides by controlled degradations. binding of these derived small ligands with heterogeneous rabbit anti-s-27 antibody of selected phosphorylcholine affinity indicates that a major immunodeterminant of s-27 is the phosphorylcholine moiety, but that these anti-pc. antibodies are also capable of binding to the polysaccharide backbone from which the p.c. has been removed. | 1979 | 87460 |
| pneumococcal vaccines. | | 1978 | 87558 |
| counterimmunoelectrophoresis for rapid identification of blood-culture isolates. | a total of 303 blood cultures that were positive by examination of gram-stained smears were tested immediately by counterimmunoelectrophoresis for detection of bacterial antigens. antigen was detected in all 82 blood cultures containing streptococcus pneumoniae and 11 of 22 with klebsiella pneumoniae, two of two with haemophilus influenzae, and one of one with neisseria meningiditis. false-positive cross-reactions in 265 tests occurred only with pneumococcal omniserum in two cases of nongroupabl ... | 1979 | 86294 |
| [value of the method of quantitative bacterial counts for etiological diagnosis of pneumonia]. | | 1979 | 90194 |
| ear infection due to penicillin-resistant pneumococcus in immunodeficient child. | | 1979 | 91044 |
| b-cell activation in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy after immunisation with multivalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. | | 1979 | 91879 |
| trial of pneumococcal vaccine for asplenic patients. | | 1979 | 91922 |
| failure of pneumococcal vaccine to prevent streptococcus pneumoniae sepsis in nephrotic children. | | 1979 | 91924 |
| lysogenic pneumococci and their bacteriophages. | about half of pneumococci recovered from pediatric patients and one-third of isolates from adult patients yielded bacteriophages active against one or more of four noncapsulated indicator strains of pneumococcus. strains of capsular types most frequently causing pediatric infections were associated with lysogeny. classical restriction-modification phenomena have been demonstrated in vivo with some of the temperate phages, and correlation of restriction with the presence of one or the other of th ... | 1979 | 86538 |
| counterimmunoelectrophoresis of blood cultures. temporal relationship of positive gram stain to positive counterimmunoelectrophoresis. | counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie), gram staining, and quantitative measurements were performed on simulated blood cultures at hourly intervals after inoculation with streptococcus pneumoniae, klebsiella pneumoniae, or haemophilus influenzae. the cie became positive either at the same time as the gram stain or within the ensuing five hours. in no case was cie positive when the gram stain was negative. the numbers of colony-forming units milliliter necessary for a positive cie result varied with ... | 1979 | 86293 |
| practical considerations in using counterimmunoelectrophoresis to identify the principal causative agents of bacterial meningitis. | many clinical laboratories are currently using counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) as an aid in the rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. because cross-reactions among causative agents have been reported, the present study was undertaken to explore the problems that might occur when reference and commercial antisera are used in cie. broth cultures of 35 bacterial strains were tested with 76 reference and commercial antisera by cie. some of the antisera tested failed to react with their homolog ... | 1979 | 93606 |
| an electron microscopic india ink technique for demonstrating capsules on microorganisms: studies with streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, and neisseria gonorrhoeae. | a technique using india ink in electron microscopic preparations was used to study bacterial capsules. capsules were demonstrated on streptococcus pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus (strain m and the smith diffuse variant) from in vitro cultures. two types of false capsules were observed on neisseria gonorrhoeae grown in vitro or obtained from human urethral exudates. no true capsules were definitively identified on gonococci from these sources. the technique described does not require the use ... | 1979 | 92512 |
| [allergization of the body by neisseria meningitidis. i. the problem of the occurrence of n. meningitidis in cases of bronchial asthma of bacterial etiology (author's transl)]. | the object of the authors work was the examination of nasopharyngeal swabs on the prevalence of neisseria meningitidis. a group of 222 patients suffering from asthma bronchiale of bacteriological etiology was under observation in order to be able to prepare an autovaccine. nasopharyngeal swabs were inoculated on special nutrient media. neisseria meningitidis was found in 22%, mainly from nasopharyngeal swabs, together with haemophilus sp. and streptococcus pneumoniae. in 59% of examined cases th ... | 1978 | 99912 |
| pneumococcal infections and the possible need for a vaccine. | antibiotics and chemotherapeutics have been available for about 40 years, but still bacterial infections constitute some of the greatest problems in medicine. pneumococci causing pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis and otitis are a leading cause of illness and death. the exact incidence and lethality of pneumococcal infections is not known, however, since they are not reportable diseases in most countries and since microbiological diagnosis is difficult. in the latest years some significant progre ... | 1979 | 93308 |
| penicillin resistance of pneumococci and immune deficiency. | | 1979 | 89417 |
| carbohydrate on human factor viii/von willebrand factor. impairment of function by removal of specific galactose residues. | human factor viii/von willebrand factor protein containing 120 +/- 12 nmol of sialic acid and 135 +/- 13 nmol of galactose/mg of protein was digested with neuraminidase. the affinity of native factor viii/von willebrand factor and its asialo form for the hepatic lectin that specifically binds asialoglycoproteins was assessed from in vitro binding experiments. native factor viii/von willebrand factor exhibited negligible affinity while binding of the asialo derivative was comparable to that obser ... | 1978 | 100492 |
| characterization of an amber suppressor in pneumococcus. | partial revertant has been isolated, with resistance to aminopterin intermediate between wild type and mutant. this phenotype is the result of a mutation at a gene unlinked to the amia locus. this suppressor mutation (su+) has no phenotypic characteristics by itself except a slow growth. 9 amia mutants (belonging to 6 sites) are affected by su+ out of the 30 investigated mutants (i.e. 22 sites). the efficiency of suppression is site dependent. two sites out of 14 mutants belonging to the thymidy ... | 1979 | 95790 |
| protein-sparing therapy during pneumococcal infection in rhesus monkeys. | a model was developed in the rhesus monkey to determine if the marked wasting of body proteins associated with sepsis could be prevented by an intravenous supply of various nutritional substrates. all monkeys were given a basic infusion of 0.5 gm of amino acid nitrogen/kg body weight via an indwelling catheter in the jugular vein. three groups were given diets with no added calories, 85 calories/kg from dextrose or 85 calories from lipid. in each group, six monkeys were inoculated with 3 x 10(8) ... | 1978 | 104060 |
| comparative in vitro activity of azlocillin, ampicillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, and ticarcillin, alone and in combination with an aminoglycoside. | the in vitro activities of the newer semisynthetic penicillins azlocillin, mezlocillin, and piperacillin were compared with those of ampicillin and ticarcillin by using 290 clinical laboratory isolates. piperacillin and mezlocillin were the most active against escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella spp., and enterobacter spp. when pseudomonas aeruginosa was tested, piperacillin and azlocillin were more active than either mezlocillin or ticarcillin. streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophil ... | 1979 | 111616 |
| spread of streptococcus pneumoniae in families. ii. relation of transfer of s. pneumoniae to incidence of colds and serum antibody. | factors that affect the spread of streptococcus pneumoniae and the antibody responses associated with colonization were studied in 64 families for periods of eight to 52 weeks. surveillance included daily recording of respiratory symptoms and bimonthly pharyngeal cultures for identification of the pneumococcal carrier state. rhinovirus cultures were included for a portion of the study period. intrafamilial carriage of a single type of s. pneumoniae and simultaneous spread to more than one family ... | 1975 | 169309 |
| the effect of bacterial infections on ketone concentrations in rat liver and blood and on free fatty acid concentrations in rat blood. | the concentrations of cytoplasmic lactate and pyruvate and the nad+/nadh ratio and the concentrations of mitochondrial acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and the nad+/nadh ratio were determined in normal, fed, and fasted rats, and in rats infected with streptococcus pneumoniae, francisella tularensis, and salmonella typhimurium. the various infections were found to have little or no effect on the cytoplasmic parameters. in normal rats, fasting caused a marked increase in blood and hepatic keton ... | 1976 | 181658 |
| deoxyribonucleic acid sequence common to staphylococcal and streptococcal plasmids which specify erythromycin resistance. | plasmids from erythromycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus sanguis, and streptococcus faecalis show deoxyribonucleic acid sequence homology. the homologous sequences can be localized to specific restriction endonuclease fragments, which in the case of s. aureus plasmid pi258 involves a single fragment from either ecori or hindiii digest known to contain the erythromycin resistance determinant. complementary ribonucleic acid probes prepared from s. aureus plasmid pi258 and s. sangu ... | 1979 | 110774 |
| the thrombocytolytic activity of bacterial peptidoglycans. | the peptidoglycan of group a streptococcus prepared by hot formamide or tca extraction has an expressive ability to lyse rabbit blood platelets in vitro. initial changes in the ultrastructure of platelets can be observed after 10 minutes incubation of rabbit platelets with 0.1 mug of streptococcus peptidoglycan per ml. the submicroscopic alterations are characterized by changes of the shape and damage of the limiting membrane of the platelets. larger amounts of peptidoglycan (10 mug/ml and more) ... | 1975 | 126559 |
| letter: pneumococcal vaccines. | | 1975 | 233989 |
| in vitro activity of clindamycin and other antimicrobials against gram-positive bacteria and hemophilus influenzae. | summary: seven antimicrobials--clindamycin, penicillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin, erythromycin, lincomycin and cephalexin--were found to have a high degree of activity in vitro against 256 isolates of gram-positive bacteria and hemophilus influenzae. clindamycin was clearly superior against staphylococci and 3.12 mug/ml or less of clindamycin inhibited all 35 isolates of h. influenzae. synergism was not demonstrated when clindamycin was tested in combination with sulfisoxazole or sulfamethoxazole ... | 1975 | 234287 |
| induction of primary and inhibition of secondary antibody response to hapten by hapten conjugates of type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide. | | 1975 | 234300 |
| bacteriologic and clinical findings in acute pneumonia of childhood. | | 1975 | 234315 |
| endotoxin-like properties of the peptidoglycan. | peptidoglycan is responsible for the endotoxin-like properties of the streptococcus cell wall. the pyrogenic response of rabbit to group a streptococcus peptidoglycan prepared by hot formamide or tca is dose-dependent and is increased if the material is ultrasonically solubilized. the pyrogenicity can be eliminated by the antiserum to the peptidoglycan or by the degradation of the material by lysozyme. peptidoglycans prepared from cell walls of group b and l streptococci, staphylococcus aureus, ... | 1975 | 126556 |
| short communication. "sombrero" hemolytic plaques due to antibody of a single specificity against pneumococcal polysaccharide. | | 1975 | 233965 |
| letter: a simple radionuclidic test for the presence of bacteria in biological samples. | | 1975 | 233987 |
| thyroglobulin-binding lymphoid cells in obese strain (os) chickens. | the binding of chicken thyroglobulin-coated chicken red blood cells by splenic, thymic, and bursal lymphoid cells was analysed in obese strain (os) chickens with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis and normal white leghorn controls aged 1 week to 2.5 yr. chicken erythrocytes coated with pneumococcal polysaccharide siiii served as controls. the specificity of thyroglobulin-rosette-forming cells was verified by inhibition experiments. os chickens showed significantly higher counts of thyroglobulin- ... | 1975 | 234498 |
| physiological studies on the pneumococcal forssman antigen: a choline-containing lipoteichoic acid. | the cell concentration and possible biological activities of the pneumococcal forssman (f) antigen (membrane lipoteichoic acid) were examined in a number of physiological situations. in test tube cultures of pneumococci the concentration of the forssman antigen per bacterium showed no significant fluctuations within a typical culture cycle. purified f antigen had no effect on the activation of pneumococci to competence for genetic transformation, dna mediated genetic transformation or adsorption ... | 1975 | 234510 |
| letter: cellulitis: an expected presentation with an unexpected etiology. | | 1975 | 234531 |
| [clinico-bacteriological correlations in patents with chronic nonspecific diseases of the lungs]. | | 1975 | 234629 |
| [role of pneumococcal infections in the etiology of acute pneumonia]. | | 1975 | 234631 |
| "diplophage": a bacteriophage of diplococcus pneumoniae. | | 1975 | 234654 |
| role of anaerobic bacteria in subdural empyema. report of four cases and review of 327 cases from the english literature. | anaerobic bacteria were isolated from the subdural space in all four cases of subdural empyema encountered over a 2 and a half year period. only one aerobe was isolated in these cases. the bacteriology of subdural empyema was further analyzed from a review of 327 cases reported in the english literature. anaerobes accounted for 12 per cent of 234 cases; in addition, 27 per cent of cases were reportedly "sterile." these data support our finding that anaerobic bacteria may play a far more importan ... | 1975 | 234678 |
| volume, adherence properties, membrane antigens and mitogen responsiveness of rabbit lymphoid cell subpopulations. | subpopulations of rabbit spleen cells which respond to t and b mitogens, respectively, can be distinguished by sedimentation velocity in the earth's gravitational field. t cell subpopulations which differed in their responsiveness to con a and to pha could be identified by differences in adherence properties and by their sensitivity to complement mediated cell kill with rtla-antiserum. | 1975 | 234909 |
| protoplast formation and leakage of intramembrane cell components: induction by the competence activator substance of pneumococci. | treatment of pneumococci with activator (a protein that induces bacterial "competence" to absorb deoxyribonucleic acid molecules and undergo genetic transformation) can cause either protoplast formation or leakage of intracellular components to the medium depending on postincubation conditions. the leaked intracellular components include nucleoside phosphates, beta-galactosidase, deoxyribonuclease, autolysin, and hemolysin. leakage and protoplast formation are induced by the electrophoretically ... | 1975 | 234940 |
| dihydrofolate reductases from the wild type and aminopterin-resistant mutants of diplococcus pneumoniae. | dihydrofolate reductase from the wild type and aminopterin-resistant mutants of diplococcus pneumoniae has been compared. specific activity, optimum ph, km, thermal stability, and inhibition by aminopterin are identical for both strains. aminopterin resistance for such mutants is, therefore, not due to an alteration of the dihydrofolate reductase. | 1975 | 234945 |
| maxwell finland lecture. random gleanings from a life with the pneumococcus. | | 1975 | 234994 |
| diplococcus pneumoniae. cellulitis in drug addicts. | cellulitis caused by diplococcus pneumoniae was diagnosed in two heroin users. to our knowledge, this medical emergency, clinically indistinguishable from deep fasciitis of pyomyositis, has not previously been reported as having been caused by the agent identified in these two patients. | 1975 | 235030 |
| 1-alkyl-2-nitroimidazol-5-yl derivatives. i. | | 1975 | 235267 |
| [new species of lactic acid bacteria, described in the ussr, in the light of modern identification schemes]. | | 1975 | 235331 |
| treatment of acute osteomyelitis in children by closed-tube irrigation: a reassessment. | the addition of closed-tube irrigation to incision and drainage in the treatment of children with acute osteomyelitis has been found to be associated with: (a) a rate of technical complications of 60%, the most common complications being leaking and plugging of the tube; (b) a 30% rate of superinfection at the site of the wound, the most common organism being pseudomonas; and (c) an average postoperative hospital stay of 30 days compared with only 16 days for the patients treated by incision and ... | 1975 | 235361 |
| t lymphocyte function as the principal target of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced immunosuppression. | plaque-forming cell responses against sheep erythrocytes, escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, pneumococcal polysaccharide, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were examined in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. a 92 to 96 percent reduction of the thymus-dependent anti-sheep erythrocyte responses was observed 2 to 4 weeks after infection. however, the thymus-independent responses against the three other antigens were close to normal at all stages of the infetion. studies on allograft ... | 1975 | 235488 |
| reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus after pneumococcal pneumonia in mice. | in attempts to reactivate latent herpes simplex virus, we instilled diplococcus pneumoniae intratracheally into mice harboring latent infections in sacrosciatic spinal ganglia. all mice developed a severe pneumonia within 24 h and were given penicillin therapy. representative mice that survived the penumonia were sacrificed at daily intervals, and appropriate tissues were examined for evidence of viral reactivation. herpes simplex virus was reactivated in the ganglia and appeared to travel both ... | 1975 | 235490 |
| changes in blood ph in rats after infection with streptococcus pneumoniae. | acid-base alterations in streptococcus pneumoniae infection were studied in 80 male albino rats. hematocrit and concentrations of plasma electrolytes, glucose, and total protein were also measured. at 3-h intervals throughout a 27-h study, four control and four infected rats were anesthetized with ether, and blood samples were taken. arterial blood ph, po2, and hematocrit increased in the infected group, whereas arterial pco2, hco3-, and venous po2 decreased. plasma k+ concentration increased sl ... | 1975 | 235492 |
| membrane lipoteichoic acid is not a precursor to wall teichoic acid in pneumococci. | the distribution of a pulse of teichoic acid-specific radiolabel between wall and membrane teichoic acids in pneumococci was constant over a subsequent chase period, suggesting that wall and membrane teichoic acids are biosynthesized simultaneously and independently. | 1975 | 235510 |
| incidence of pneumococci in the oral cavity of adults. | | 1975 | 235606 |
| analysis of results of catheter tip cultures in open-heart surgery patients. | a statistical analysis of 628 consecutive catheter tip cultures is presented. all were from patients undergoing open-heart surgery. the previously noted effects of early removal are shown to be significant. the possible effects of stasis, flushing, handling, and place of insertion are discussed. the unresolved significance of isolations of aerobic sporing bacilli is noted, and a decreasing incidence of postoperative infective endocarditis in the same group of patients is an encouraging sign. | 1975 | 235801 |
| thymidylate synthetase from diplococcus pneumoniae, properties and inhibition by folate analogs. | thymidilate synthetase (methylenetetrahydrofolate:dump c-methyltransferase) in crude extract from diplococcus pneumoniae exhibits a partial but variable requirement for mg-2+ depending upon the buffer. optimum mg-2+ concentration is between 0.014 and 0.02 m. the optimum ph for activity in a variety of buffers occurred as a broad peak between 7.0 and 7.7. in tris/acetate buffer, but not in potassium phosphate buffer, the ph optimum was different in the presence and absence of mg-2+. methylation o ... | 1975 | 235997 |
| quantitative precipitin studies on the specificity of an extract from tridacna maxima (röding). | haemolymph from the clam tridacna maxima precipitated with purified h-blood-group substances, helix pomatia galactogen, and pneumococcus type xiv polysaccharide. although gel diffusion, gel electrophoresis, and inhibition experiments indicated that only a single precipitating lectin was present in the haemolymph, quantitative precipitin and haemagglutination results suggested that a second agglutinin with anti-h-like specificity was also present. evidence obtained from hapten inhibition experime ... | 1975 | 236090 |
| the structure of capsular polysaccharide of the pneumococcus type ii. | the pneumococcus type ii capsular polysaccharide (sii) is composed of singly-branched hexasaccharide repeating units, for which three alternative structures have been proposed. the correct structure has now been determined by consecutive eliminations of the sugar residues in the side chain. the terminal d-glucuronic acid group was eliminated by treating the fully methylated and esterified siipolysaccharide first with base, and then with weak acid. the hydroxyl group at c-6 in the penultimate d-g ... | 1975 | 236092 |
| specific suppression by anti-binding site antibody. | | 1975 | 236094 |
| the response of mice to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide: failure to detect thymus-derived suppressor cells. | | 1975 | 236095 |
| cephacetrile in the treatment of acute bacterial pneumonia. | | 1975 | 236153 |
| the classic bacterial pneumonias. | | 1975 | 236155 |
| problems and progress towards vaccination against bacterial infections of the respiratory tract. | a large number of bacterial species are causative agents of respiratory tract disease. the discussion will center on three infections selected because they represent different problems in control on the basis of epidemiologic and immunochemical factors. group a hemolytic streptococci are common upper respiratory tract pathogens which may initiate severe non-suppurative sequelae such as rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. recent progress concerning m protein vaccines will be reviewed. pneumoc ... | 1975 | 236208 |
| prolonged c3 depletion by cobra venom factor in thymus-deprived mice and its implication for the role of c3 as an essential second signal for b-cell triggering. | cobra venom factor (cof) is a potent immunogen in intact mice, and its capacity to deplete c3 is neutralized by antibody. in thymus-deprived (t times b) mice antibody was not elicited; c3 depletion by cof was prolonged, and subsequent injections were also effective. the effect of prolonged c3 depletion was examined on the antibody response to two t cell-independent immunogens, levan and siii. the spleen pfc responses to levan were unaffected by c3 depletion or thymus deprivation; those to siii w ... | 1975 | 236257 |
| isolation of two new related peptide antibiotics, cerexins a and b (studies on antibiotics from the genus bacillus. i). | two new antibiotics cerexins a and b were isolated from different strains identified with bacillus cereus. these two antibiotics are amphoteric in nature, soluble in particular solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide and alkaline water, and show typical infrared absorptions of peptide. these also have similar antimicrobial properties active against gram-postive bacteria. | 1975 | 236271 |
| nucleolytic degradation of homologous and heterologous deoxyribonucleic acid molecules at the surface of competent pneumococci. | competent pneumococci can catalyze the rapid and quantitative degradation of extracellular deocyribonucleic acid (dna) molecules through the activity of surface-located nucleases (endo- and, possibly, exonucleases as well). both homologous and heterologous dnas are degraded by a mechanism that seems to involve a cyclic process: (i) attachment of dna to the cell surface followed by (ii) nucleolytic attack, and (iii) release to the medium. processes (ii) and (iii) are both inhibited by ethylenedia ... | 1975 | 236283 |
| marker discrimination in deoxyribonucleic acid-mediated transformation of various pneumococcus strains. | the function responsible for discrimination among markers (point mutations) in pneumococcus (hex) was traced back to the early strains used to demonstrate the chemical basis of transformation in the early 1940s. those currently used laboratory strains failing to manifest this function arose from a single subline of the original strain. the function was also evident in other independently isolated strains including a number of different serological types. the hex function was not evident in trans ... | 1975 | 234419 |
| effect of gold on the immune response of mice. | separate concurrent injection of organic gold compounds and antigen into mice resulted in immunoenhancement that could be measured by direct and indirect plaque-forming cells, rosette-forming cells, and serum antibody assays. kinetics of the immune response showed variable effects through day 9 of the experiment. studies with british anti-lewisite, a gold antagonist, showed that the gold must stay in the system 1 day to obtain immunoenhancement. | 1975 | 234408 |
| in vitro activity of sisomicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, against clinical isolates. | sisomicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic which is produced by micromonospora myoensis, was studied against 565 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci. with the exception of serratia marcescens, over 90% of isolates of gram-negative bacilli were inhibited by 1.56 mug/ml or less of sisomicin. sisomicin was slightly more active than gentamicin and tobramycin aganist isolates of escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis and klebsiella spp. it was substantially more active tha ... | 1975 | 234415 |
| a deoxyribonuclease of diplococcus pneumoniae specific for methylated dna. | a deoxyribonuclease specific for methylated dna was isolated from diplococcus pneumoniae. the enzyme, an endonuclease, degrades dna for escherichia coli to fragments of average molecular weight about half a million; it forms discrete fragments from phage lambda dna. methyl-deficient e. coli dna is not attacked, neither is dna from micrococcus radiodurans, which contains no methylated adenine or cytosine. nor is dna from d. pneumoniae or phage t7 attacked. however, dna from m. radiodurans, d. pne ... | 1975 | 236309 |
| accelerated host metabolism of l-thyroxine during acute infection: role of the leukocyte and peripheral leukocytosis. | metabolism of thyroid hormones is accelerated during acute infection in man and in experimental animals. the pathogenetic mechanisms mediating this phenomenon are uncertain, but activated leukocytes of the infected host have been implicated as potentially important sites of hormone degradation. the present studies were conducted in an attempt to assess the in vivo contribution of leukocytes and peripheral leukocytosis to the enhancement of l-thyroxine (t4) clearance seen during infection, and to ... | 1975 | 236322 |
| pneumococcal antigen in lobar pneumonia. | this paper describes the value in diagnosis and the clinical implications of the detection of pneumococcal antigen in patients with lobar pneumonia. ninety-eight patients with lobar pneumonia were investigated. pneumococcal antigen was detected by counter-current immunoelectrophoresis in the sputum of 79% of patients with purulent sputum, in the serum of 29% of the patients, and in the urine of 54% of the patients. the diagnostic value of counter-current immunoelectrophoresis was not affected by ... | 1975 | 236330 |
| pneumococcal septicemia and meningitis in the neonate. | | 1975 | 236367 |
| letter: penicillin-resistant pneumococci and pneumonia. | | 1975 | 236486 |
| perinatal infection and vaginal flora. | vaginal cultures were obtained from 1, 083 mothers on admission to the labor floor. the additional bacteriologic information gained from this survey was not sufficient to warrant continued use of the admission vaginal culture as a screening procedure. | 1975 | 236654 |
| a compact apparatus for vertical gel slab isoelectric focusing: resolution of rabbit anti-pneumococcal polysaccharide antibodies. | | 1975 | 236682 |
| pneumococcal isolations from patients with pneumonia and control subjects in a prepaid medical care group. | the incidence of pneumococcal infections and pneumonia among the 150,000 members of a prepaid medical care group in seattle was assessed by an intensive study of outpatients for one year from june 1971 through may 1972. respiratory specimens (sputum, pharyngeal, and nasal) from patients with pneumonia or febrile respiratory disease and from age- and sex-matched control subjects were cultured for pneumococci on media and in mice. total rate of pneumonia was 11 per 1,000. twenty-four per cent of p ... | 1975 | 236710 |
| criteria for the diagnosis of adenotonsillitis. | | 1975 | 236723 |
| microbiology of diseases of tonsils and adenoids. | | 1975 | 236724 |
| immunological effects of orchidectomy. | orchidectomy caused a non-specific increase of immunological reactivity in mice evidenced by accelerated rejection of skin allografts, increased response to oxazolone and sheep erythrocytes. these changes were associated with an increase of thymic size. the response to pneumococcal polysaccharide, which depends upon b-cells, was not increased. orchidectomised mice showed protection against induced methylcholanthrene sarcomas and transplantable tumours; tumours which are not obviously hormone dep ... | 1975 | 236802 |
| a new substrate for investigating the specificity of beta-glucan hydrolases. | | 1975 | 236912 |
| type distribution and penicillin--resistant strains of pneumococci from carriers in bangkok, thailand. | | 1975 | 237056 |
| natural history of sickle cell disease--the first ten years. | | 1975 | 237323 |
| cephalothin and cephaloridine therapy for bacterial meningitis. | the efficacy of cephalothin and cephaloridine in the treatment of bacterial meningitis was evaluated from a review of 106 cases reported in the literature. fifty-nine percent of 34 patients treated with intravenous cephalothin responded suboptimally; those receiving daily doses of 12 g or more fared significantly better (p less than 0.025). in contrast, 74% of 72 patients treated with cephaloridine responded favorably; those who received concomitant intrathecal cephaloridine responded significan ... | 1975 | 237448 |
| letter: group-y meningococcal disease. | | 1975 | 237449 |
| temporary, reversible binding of the competence factor to cellular receptors of pneumococcus during induction of competence. | the binding of the competence factor to cellular receptors of physiologically non-competent cells of pneumococcus was followed as a function of time. a transformation medium without bovine serum albumin was used to study the binding of the competence factor. control cells without the added factor remained completely non-competent under these conditions. the maximal binding of the factor to the cellular receptors took place already after 3 min of contact of the cells with the factor at 37 degrees ... | 1975 | 237807 |