| serum opsonic deficiency produced by streptococcus pneumoniae and by capsular polysaccharide antigens. | the opsonic requirements for phagocytosis of s. pneumoniae types 6, 7, 18, and 23 were determined in normal and c2 deficient serum, and in normal serum chelated with magnesium ethyleneglycoltetraacetic acid. all four strains were effectively opsonized via the alternative complement pathway, a finding suggesting that the capsular polysaccharides of these strains activated complement via the alternative pathway. since bacteremic pneumococcal disease is often associated with circulating capsular po ... | 1978 | 34937 |
| [modern data on the antibiotic sensitivity of the microflora that is an etiological factor in ent diseases. ii. the antibiotic sensitivity of pneumococci, meningococci, influenza bacilli, klebsiella, enterobacteria, pseudomonas aeruginosa and proteus]. | | 1979 | 34945 |
| pneumococcal vaccine -- a surgeon's overview. | | 1979 | 35020 |
| salicylate blockade of granulocyte adherence and the inflammatory response to experimental peritonitis. | aspirin profoundly inhibited the in vitro augmentation of human and mouse granulocyte adherence to nylon fiber induced by the bacterial products escherichia coli endotoxin and staphylococcus aureus culture filtrate. granulocytes obtained from normal volunteers during the 48 hr following ingestion of aspirin did not respond normally to endotoxin stimulation. furthermore, pretreatment of mice with sodium salicylate prior to intraperitoneal infection with streptococcus pneumoniae impaired granulocy ... | 1979 | 35259 |
| [immunological aspects of nucleolar activation. iii. changes in nucleolar activation after application of s iii pneumococcal polysaccharide in vivo]. | intraperitoneal application of 0.7 microgram s iii pneumococcal polysaccharide led to a significant increase in the values of nucleolar activation in small, medium, and large lymphocytes, plasmoblasts, and plasmatic cells in a white mouse. macrophages did not respond to the application of s iii by an increase in nucleolar activation. the study tested the possibility of using the observation of the functional morphology of the nucleous for observing the changes in the activation of b-cells after ... | 1979 | 35284 |
| [pneumonia and immunization. report on the symposium in zürich on january 13, 1979]. | | 1979 | 35452 |
| induction of anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies of restricted heterogeneity in rabbits. | | 1978 | 35461 |
| preparation of an active fd fragment by cyanogen bromide cleavage of an igg heavy chain from a homogeneous rabbit antibody. | | 1978 | 35462 |
| immunosupression of the primary and secondary immune response by an igm plasmacytoma (tepc-183). | previously we had established that tepc-183 igm(k) suppressed the primary immune response (ir) to both the t-dependent antigens 2,4-dinitrophenyl-haemocyanin (dnp-hcy) and t-independent pneumococcal polysaccharides. in the current investigation, the effect of tepc-183 on an ongoing immune response to ss-iii and dnp-hcy was examined. it was found that when tepc-183 was injected 6 days after the initial antigen injection, at the height of the primary ir, the response was significantly suppressed t ... | 1979 | 35463 |
| single-stranded regions in streptococcus pneumoniae chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid and their relation to transformation. | deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) in lysates of both completent and noncompetent streptococcus pneumoniae cells was characterized by chromatography on benzoylated, naphthoylated diethylaminoethyl-cellulose columns, by sensitivity to aspergillus oryzae s1 endonuclease, and by sucrose gradient analysis. the dnas from both competent and noncompetent cells were found to contain similar extents of single-stranded regions. these single-stranded regions appeared to be intact, unpaired regions in double-stran ... | 1979 | 35514 |
| donor deoxyribonucleic acid length and marker effect in pneumococcal transformation. | the efficiency of transformation of point mutations depends upon base pair mismatches during the recombination process. for low-efficiency markers, the genetic information carried on the donor deoxyribonucleic acid is preferentially lost. to understand this elimination process, we investigated the effect of the size of donor deoxyribonucleic acid on the relative efficiency of low-efficiency point mutations. the deoxyribonucleic acid was shortened either by mechanical shearing or by restriction e ... | 1979 | 35523 |
| uptake of circular deoxyribonucleic acid and mechanism of deoxyribonucleic acid transport in genetic transformation of streptococcus pneumoniae. | deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) from the covalently closed circular dna molecules of pseudomonas phage pm2 was found to enter normally transformable cells of streptococcus pneumoniae as readily as linear bacterial dna. in a mutant of s. pneumoniae that lacks a membrane nuclease and is defective in dna entry, as many molecules of pm2 dna as of linear dna were bound on the outside of cells at equivalent dna concentrations. bound dna suffered single-strand breaks, but circular dna with preexisting brea ... | 1979 | 35525 |
| etiology and antimicrobial therapy of acute maxillary sinusitis. | eighty-one adults with symptoms of acute sinusitis were studied by direct needle puncture and aspiration of the maxillary sinus (105 sinuses). fifty-nine bacterial strains were isolated in titers of greater than or equal to 10(4) colony-forming units/ml; streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae accounted for 64% of the isolates. other bacteria recovered included anaerobes (12%), neisseria species (8.5%). streptococcus pyogenes (3%), alpha-hemolytic streptococcus (3%), non-group a beta ... | 1979 | 35571 |
| factors causing the clumping reaction of streptococcal strains with human plasma. | fresh isolates of 204 strains of streptococcus haemolyticus, 75 strains of viridans group streptococcus, and 45 strains of streptococcus pneumoniae were studied for their clumping reactions with human plasma. the plasma and serum factors that clumped the streptococcal strains were compared with those that clumped a staphylococcus aureus strain. one hundred eleven strains of s. haemolyticus, 10 strains of viridans group streptococcus, and none of the strains of s. pneumoniae tested were clumped b ... | 1979 | 35572 |
| rapid diagnosis of meningitis with use of selected clinical data and gas-liquid chromatographic determination of lactate concentration in cerebrospinal fluid. | the usefulness of determination of lactate concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) for differentiation between various types of meningitis was evaluated. lactate concentration in the csf was assayed by gas-liquid chromatography for 115 patients, 17 of whom had serous meningitis and 38 had bacterial meningitis. the mean lactate concentration in the csf of patients with bacterial meningitis was significantly higher than in the csf of patients with serous meningitis and in a control group. the m ... | 1979 | 35573 |
| pneumococcal vaccine. | | 1979 | 35638 |
| [treatment of bacterial meningitis with cefamandole]. | | 1978 | 35821 |
| resistant pneumococci. | | 1979 | 35845 |
| overwhelming postplenectomy infection. | | 1979 | 35847 |
| pneumococcal vaccines. recent developments. | | 1978 | 35890 |
| sputum counterimmunoelectrophoresis in the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. | fifty-six patients with pneumonia were grouped according to degree of clinical certainty that the etiologic agent was streptococcus pneumoniae. of 14 patients with definite or probable pneumococcal pneumonia, 12 had pneumococcal antigens detected in sputum by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie), 13 had a positive sputum culture, and 12 had a gram-stained smear of sputum suggestive of the diagnosis. of 9 patients with definite nonpneumococcal pneumonia, none had pneumococcal antigens detected by c ... | 1979 | 36016 |
| response of patients with hodgkin's disease to pneumococcal vaccine. | postsplenectomy, 41 patients previously treated for hodgkin's disease were given pneumococcal vaccine, and type-specific antibody levels were measured before and after immunization. postimmunization antibody levels in patients with hodgkin's disease were significantly lower than those in normal control subjects for 10 of the 12 serotypes measured. mean postimmunization antibody level for patients (587 +/- 427 ng of antibody nitrogen/ml) was much lower than that for control subjects (1787 +/- 694 ... | 1979 | 36021 |
| [spread of antibiotic-resistant pneumococcus strains]. | | 1979 | 36027 |
| use of the chief component method for classifying clinical physiological observations. | | 1979 | 36344 |
| synthesis of two classes of antibody, gammam and gammag or gammam and gammaa, by identical cells. amplification of the antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide type iii. | class-specific plaque-forming cell (pfc) (gammam, gamma1, gamma2, and gammaa) responses to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (sss-iii) were studied in balb/c x c57bl/6f1 (cbf1) mice with and without induction of an allogeneic effect. gamma1, gamma2, and gammaa pfc were detected in two ways: (a) with the sequential development of the assay slides, first for direct (gammam)pfc followed by incubation with class-specific antiimmunoglobulin and complement for the development of additional gamma1, ... | 1979 | 36442 |
| vaccine-type pneumococcal pneumonia. occurrence after vaccination in an asplenic patient. | | 1979 | 36484 |
| otitis media in children: a prospective study of aerobic and anaerobic bacteriology. | tympanocentesis with aerobic and anaerobic cultivation of middle ear fluid was performed through one or both tympanic membranes of 186 children with acute otitis media. aerobic bacteria alone, predominantly pneumococcus and hemophilus influenzae, were isolated from 118 (63.4%) patients: and anaerobic organisms alone, most commonly peptococcus, from 24 (12.9%). twenty-six (14%) yielded mixtures of aerobes and anaerobes, and several had multiple aerobic agents. no bacterial growth was noted in 18 ... | 1979 | 36523 |
| failure of pneumococcal vaccine in children with sickle-cell disease. | | 1979 | 36558 |
| the microbiology of serous and mucoid otitis media. | one hundred forty-four serous and mucoid effusions were cultured for aerobic bacteria, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and virus. thirty percent of all effusions yielded an unequivocally positive culture for aerobic bacteria. although serous effusions were culture positive as often as mucoid effusions, haemophilus influenzae was isolated predominantly from serous effusions and staphylococcus epidermidis predominantly from mucoid samples. only one of 73 effusions yielded a viral isolate (herpesvirus homin ... | 1979 | 36591 |
| [isolation of a strain of streptococcus pneumoniae multiresistant to antibiotics]. | | 1979 | 36599 |
| [pneumococci are resistant to antibiotics, too]. | | 1979 | 36600 |
| [comments on weber f. and kayser f.h.: "antimicrobial resistance and serotypes of streptococcus pneumoniae in switzerland." schweiz. med wschr. 109, 395-9, 1979]. | | 1979 | 36658 |
| new indications for old antibiotics: tetracycline, erythromycin, carbenicillin, and vancomycin revisited. | | 1979 | 36669 |
| erysipelas-like syndrome caused by streptococcus pneumoniae. | streptococcus pneumoniae produced an erysipelas-like eruption in a patient with the nephrotic syndrome. the eruption and accompanying fever resolved upon treatment with aqueous penicillin. | 1979 | 36670 |
| [microflora of the maxillary sinuses in chronic sinusitis]. | | 1979 | 36723 |
| nitroblue tetrazolium-dye reduction by rat peritoneal macrophages during the uptake of diplococcus pneumoniae, type vi. | the relationship between the rate of particle ingestion and the rate of nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt)-dye reduction by macrophages was studied after incubation of peritoneal exudate macrophages with heat-killed type vi pneumococci. the adherence to a polyethylene surface of the macrophages during the uptake of the pneumococci was determined as well. in some experiments pneumococci opsonized with heat-stable opsonins were used as material to be ingested. the nbt-dye reduction and the surface adhere ... | 1978 | 36835 |
| otitis media with effusion. cytological and microbiological correlates. | a quantitative cytologic study of 83 middle ear effusions from children with otitis media with effusion (ome) was made with the use of cytocentrifuge-prepared smears and was correlated with bacteriological findings. the identification of the types of cell present in an effusion was confirmed by electron microscopic findings. the most common cell types were neutrophilic leukocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages, but a few eosinophils were found in only one case. the cytologic profile of an effusio ... | 1979 | 36875 |
| resistant pneumococcal infections. | | 1979 | 37022 |
| interaction of pneumococcal antigens with complement in rats. | complement activation with pneumococcal antigens was studied both in vitro and after injection of the antigens into rats. whole pneumococci of various serotypes activated c3-c9 in rat serum treated with ethyleneglycol-bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-n,n'-tetraacetic acid, although serotypes differed greatly in the extent of activation. some purified pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides also activated c3-c9 in rat serum, but only when the antigens were present in concentrations of 500 to 1,000 mug/m ... | 1979 | 37161 |
| modification of antibody response to type iii pneumopolysaccharide by route of injection of pertussis vaccine. | pertussis vaccine (pv) or diphtheria toxoid-pv-tetanus toxoid (dpt) altered the antibody response of balb/c female mice to type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide antigen (s3). the key factor affecting the magnitude of the response to s3 was the route of injection of pv or dpt, whereas the route of injection of s3 was not crucial. subcutaneous injections of dpt augmented the antibody response to low, optimal, and tolerogenic (high) doses of s3 injected either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. th ... | 1979 | 37163 |
| clearance of bacteria from cerebrospinal fluid to blood in experimental meningitis. | the occurrence and importance of secondary bacteremia in the pathogenesis of and response to therapy in meningitis is uncertain. streptococcus pneumoniae type iii was injected into the cerebrospinal fluid of the cisterna magna in anesthetized, curarized dogs, and sequential simultaneous samples were obtained from the superior sagittal sinus, cisterna magna, and peripheral blood. the results show that: (i) bacteria are rapidly transported from the cerebrospinal fluid to blood but only after activ ... | 1979 | 37164 |
| enhanced transformability with heterospecific deoxyribonucleic acid upon removal of nascent ribonucleic acid from the streptococcus sanguis genome. | treatment of streptococcus sanguis recipient cells with rifampin (rif) at the time of deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) addition was an effective means of reducing discrimination, that is, of causing an increase in the number of transformants induced by irreversibly bound heterospecific dna without significantly changing the number induced by bound homospecific dna. rif was unable to reduce discrimination when the recipient cells were rif resistant due to an altered ribonucleic acid (rna) polymerase. ... | 1979 | 37232 |
| organization and transfer of heterologous chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistance genes in pneumococcus. | the cat and tet genes of chloramphenicol- and tetracycline-resistant clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae from paris and japan were shown to be contained in adjacent heterologous insertions into the chromosome. the two insertions transformed laboratory strains at frequencies that were low, unequal, and, for tet, very sensitive to the length of the donor deoxyribonucleic acid strand. in contrast, the transforming activity of cat was relatively stable. there was an unusual asymmetric cotr ... | 1979 | 37238 |
| intradermal responses to common bacterial antigens: influences of sex and clinical condition. | intradermal responses to antigens of 12 common bacteria were evaluated in 218 dermatologic and 155 respiratory patients. women responded more frequently than men and respiratory patients responded significantly more frequently than dermatologic patients to certain antigens. interpretation of interspecies associations of responses suggested that certain organisms may be key species in the development of bacterial hypersensitivity. | 1979 | 37788 |
| resistance mechanisms of multiply resistant pneumococci: antibiotic degradation studies. | strains of streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to penicillin have been reported from several countries around the world. many south african isolates, in addition, exhibit resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, clindamycin, and cotrimoxazole in varying patterns. a qualitative test of the ability of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci to inactivate penicillin, oxacillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, minocycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, streptomycin, gen ... | 1979 | 37802 |
| pneumococcal disease and its prevention with polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines--a review. | polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines have been shown to be safe, immunogenic and efficacious and are becoming available for use in patients at high risk of developing pneumococcal infections. precise estimates of the role of the pneumococcus in human respiratory disease are difficult to obtain, as this organism is also a frequent commensal of the upper respiratory tract; and as the optimal techniques for the identification and proof of its role are not widely used. nevertheless, the p ... | 1979 | 37823 |
| the syndrome of pneumococcemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation and asplenia. | a 58-year-old man who survived an episode of fulminant pneumococcal septicemia with disseminated intravascular coagulation had undergone splenectomy 23 years previously. in the literature there are 25 reported cases of fulminant septicemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with asplenia in adults (excluding cases in which corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy was given). the pneumococcus was responsible for all of these cases as well. the mortality in this series was mo ... | 1979 | 38002 |
| bactericidal action of an average dose of erythromycin in the bronchi. | a study was carried out to establish whether erythromycin stearate was bacteriostatic or bactericidal at the concentrations reached in the bronchial secretion. twenty-two patients suffering from an acute attack of chronic bronchitis, sustained by streptococci, diplococci, staphylococci or h. influenzae sensitive to erythromycin, were treated with 1500 mg erythromycin per day until symptoms regressed, usually within 3 to 5 days. the results showed that after treatment there was a dramatic reducti ... | 1979 | 38063 |
| the changing face of pneumonia. | | 1979 | 38200 |
| biological characteristics of peptidoglycans of group a streptococcus and some other bacterial species. ii. immunological mechanisms involved in thrombocytolysis. | immunological mechanisms are involved in the thrombocytolytic activity of peptidoglycan of group a streptococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus. inactivation of particular components of complement (heating of blood serum to 56 degrees c,incubation with zymosan or nh4oh) inhibited the thrombocytolytic activity of group a streptococcus peptidoglycan. so did preincubation of group a streptococcus peptidoglycan with homologous antipeptidoglycan antibody. on the other hand, antib ... | 1978 | 38280 |
| elisa methodology for polysaccharide antigens: protein coupling of polysaccharides for adsorption to plastic tubes. | a method is described which permits the adaption of elisa techniques for measurement of antibody against bacterial polysaccharides. first, the polysaccharides antigen is covalently bound to poly-l-lysine, using cyanuric chloride as the coupling agent. the poly-l-lysine then adsorbs to the walls of plastic tubes, thus immobilizing the polysaccharide coupled to the poly-l-lysine. the method is simple, rapid, and utilizes small amounts of polysaccharide antigen. | 1979 | 38284 |
| pharmacokinetics and tolerability of a single oral 600-mg dose of doxycycline. | the pharmacokinetics of a single orally administered 600-mg dose of doxycycline (six 100-mg film-coated tablets) was studied in 18 healthy subjects. plasma doxycycline levels remained above 1.35 mumol/l for 48 hours and compared favourably with the mean inhibitory concentrations of doxycycline against the common infecting organisms in chronic bronchitis. in a separate tolerability study in 37 healthy subjects, there was no significant difference between doxycycline and placebo in the incidence o ... | 1979 | 38382 |
| [serological characteristics of the pneumococci in bronchial infection]. | | 1979 | 38614 |
| detection of experimental bacteremia and fungemia by examination of buffy coat prepared by a micromethod. | rabbits received intravenous injections of bacteria or fungi, and a comparison was made of the abilities of broth cultures, plating after dilution either in saline solution or in distilled water containing triton x-100, and buffy coat examinations to detect the organisms in heart blood. the most sensitive method was broth culture. by microscopy or subculture of buffy coat cells prepared by centrifugation of blood in microhematocrit tubes, organisms were rapidly and regularly detected when their ... | 1979 | 38662 |
| bactericidal and bacteriostatic action of chloramphenicol against memingeal pathogens. | the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfisoxazole were compared against several potential meningeal pathogens. chloramphenicol is bactericidal at clinically achievable concentrations against haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and neisseria meningitidis. it is bacteriostatic against gram-negative bacilli of the family enterobacteriaceae and against staphylococcus aureus. chloramphenicol has proven highly efficacious in the t ... | 1979 | 38742 |
| upper respiratory tract spread of group b streptococci type i b in a kindergarten. | in a kindergarten with 42 children and 17 female staff members, an epidemic of group b streptococcal carriage in the upper respiratory tract occurred. in the middle of february 1978, 6 children and 5 adults carried type i b streptococci in the throat while only 2 of these 11 were carriers 2 weeks later. only one other streptococcus, belonging to type ii, was found in the throat specimens. five strains other than type i b were found in the urogenital tract of the staff. three type i b throat carr ... | 1979 | 37592 |
| [the prognosis and treatment of pneumococcal meningitis in africa. 402 cases (author's transl)]. | over a period of 5 years (1973--1977), 1083 patients were hospitalised in the infectious disease clinic of the dakar university hospital centre with bacteriologically confirmed purulent meningitis. the pneumococcus was responsible in 462 cases (42.6%). analysis of 402 records showed that 234 patients (58.2% of cases) died, 123 were completely cured (30.6%) whilst there were neurological sequelae in 45 cases (28% of the survivors). the chief factors in poor prognosis were the existence and depth ... | 1979 | 37487 |
| mapping of the pneumococcus chromosome: differences between recipient strains varying in hex property and the location of the opt-r2 gene. | | 1979 | 39018 |
| generation of anti-type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide hybridomas from mice with an x-linked b-lymphocyte defect. | (cba/n x balb/c male)f1 mice bear on x-linked defect making them totally unresponsive to t-independent (ti), ti-2 antigens such as type iii pneumococcal polysaccharide (sss-iii). we found that somatic cell hybrids between cb nonresponder spleen cells and ns1 plasmacytoma cells secreted antibody specific for sss-iii. the solid-phase binding of such antibody was completely inhibited by the addition of free antigen (sss-iii) and the amount of antibody detected in culture fluids ranged from 10 ng/ml ... | 1979 | 39108 |
| heterotopic splenic autotransplantation in prevention of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection. | an experimental study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of heterotopic splenic autotransplantation in weanling rats. rats were divided into three experimental groups: splenectomy, control, and splenic autotransplantation. rats were challenged with i.v. type i pneumococcus. bacterial bloodstream clearance and survival were determined. splenic bacterial uptake was measured by determining the isotopic activity of technetium-99m-labeled pneumococci. autoradiographs and material staine ... | 1979 | 39128 |
| suppressor mutations causing partial reversion in the amia region of pneumococcus. | mutants of an aminopterin-resistant strain of pneumococcus possessing four different suppressor genes have been isolated after mutagenesis with 5-budr. the suppressed strains exhibit a partial revertant phenotype since the parental aminopterin resistance remained unchanged but the associated sensitivity to an excess concentration of the branched chain amino acids l-isoleucine, l-valine and l-leucine was diminished almost to the level of the wild-type strain c13. the suppressor mutations had ther ... | 1979 | 39221 |
| pneumococcal bacteremia in infants and children: a ten-year experience at the cook county hospital with special reference to the pneumococcal serotypes isolated. | in a ten-year period we identified 305 hospitalized children with a pneumococcal bacteremia. from these children 293 pneumococcal isolates were serotyped, and 90% belonged to a group of 11 "prevalent serotypes." these 11 serotypes were the prevalent serotypes isolated from children in all disease categories, as well as from children with sickle-cell disease. no more than 1% of the isolates belonged to any one of the other serotypes. a pneumococcal vaccine effective against these 11 prevalent ser ... | 1979 | 39285 |
| pneumococcal vaccine: dose, revaccination, and coadministration with influenza vaccine. | | 1979 | 39297 |
| relative merits of partial splenectomy, splenic reimplantation, and immunization in preventing postsplenectomy infection. | partial splenectomy, splenic autotransplantation, and immunization with pneumococcal vaccine have been reported to protect patients against overwhelming postsplenectomy infection, and this study was undertaken to evaluate these therapeutic alternatives. for this purpose 136 rats were divided into experimental groups: 34 controls, 34 splenectomy, 34 partial splenectomy, and 34 splenic autotransplantation animals. five weeks after operation, two-thirds of the animals were immunized with killed pne ... | 1979 | 39355 |
| complement activation by pneumococci associated with acute otitis media. | pneumococci (types, i, iii, vi, xiv, xviii, xix and xxiii) associated with acute otitis media were shown to activate complement in normal human serum by the classical as well as by the alternative pathway. in serum incubated with pneumococci classical pathway activation was demonstrated by decreased c4 values and the appearance of c1r-c1s-c1 ia complexes. pneumococci caused c3 conversion in c2-deficient serum and in serum chelated with mg++ egta showing activation of the alternative pathway with ... | 1979 | 39420 |
| pneumonia and pneumococcal infections, with special reference to pneumococcal pneumonia. the 1979 j. burns amberson lecture. | an etiologic classification of acute pneumonia was presented and the relative importance of some of the causative agents was briefly reviewed. the early developments of the therapy of pneumococcal pneumonia with type-specific antisera, sulfonamide drugs, and antimicrobial drugs were reviewed, mostly from the experiences of the author at boston city hospital. changes in the occurrence and relative importance of the pneumococcus as a cause of infections associated with bacteremia, empyema, and men ... | 1979 | 39481 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility testing of pneumococci: determination of kirby-bauer breakpoints for penicillin g, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and rifampin. | antimicrobial susceptibility testing of pneumococci is now essential to monitor for the presence of resistance to agents such as the penicillins, macrolides, lincomycins, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. in this study, clinical isolates of a selection of resistant south african strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) determination and by a modified kirby-bauer disk diffusion technique, using mueller-hinton medium supplemented with 5% horse ... | 1979 | 39493 |
| lipid composition of aminopterin-resistant and sensitive strains of streptococcus pneumoniae. effect of aminopterin inhibition. | the polar lipids of streptococcus pneumoniae wild type and aminopterin-resistant strains were analysed. the membrane contained only two acid phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin, and a large amount of two glycolipids, glucosyldiglyceride and galactosylglucosyldiglyceride. the unsaturated acyl chains ranged from 58 to 87% of total fatty acids, depending on the strain and on growth conditions. no relation could be established between aminopterin resistance and polar lipid or fatty a ... | 1979 | 39617 |
| on the phosphate linkages and the structure of a disaccharide unit of the type-specific polysaccharide of pneumococcus type xix. | the structure of the capsular polysaccharide (s-xix) of pneumococcus type xix, which contains residues of d-glucose, l-rhamnose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-mannose, and phosphate, has been investigated by acid hydrolysis, treatment with acid phosphatase, mass spectrometry, and 13c-n.m.r. spectroscopy. phosphoric esters in s-xix were largely resistant to hydrolysis (4m hcl, 100 degrees, 3 h). with m or 2m hcl at 100 degrees for 3 h, 4-o-(2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-d-mannopyranosyl)-d-glucose 4'-phosphate wa ... | 1979 | 39675 |
| [antibiotics therapy in chronic bronchitis]. | in chronic bronchitis antibiotic therapy is no causative therapy, because infection rarely is the beginning but the complication of an already existing airway disease. while sputum cultures are very limited in their value, blind chemotherapy of bacterial infections by substances like tetracycline, ampicilline, azidocilline or cotrimoxazole is allowed. in cases of additional obstruction a combination with corticosteroids sometimes may be useful. | 1979 | 39882 |
| reaction of the oligomeric forms of mopc 167 iga with antigen and a circular dichroism study of the binding of pneumococcal c substance by monomer iga. | | 1979 | 39889 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of streptococcus pneumoniae antigen. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the detection of streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide antigen in cerebrospinal fluid and serum. sensitivity and specificity were determined for purified antigen preparations. specificity was also evaluated in the rabbit meningitis model, and the sensitivity was compared to counterimmunoelectrophoresis, using the infected rabbits' cerebrospinal fluid and serum. the elisa was a specific technique for detecting s. pneumoniae antigen. ... | 1979 | 39946 |
| rabbit b spleen lymphocytes and t helper cells. i. responsiveness to mitogens of b cell subpopulations of different sedimentation velocities and subpopulations bearing or lacking fcgamma receptors. | the response to anti-allotype (anti-ab4), nocardia water soluble mitogen (nwsm), pneumococcal polysaccharide type iii (sss iii), and human fc fragments of various purified and unfractionated rabbit spleen cell populations was determined in terms of 3h-thymidine up-take. b cells were isolated either from untreated suspensions of spleen cells or from suspensions from which adherent and phagocytic cells were removed. the purification factor was greater than the enhancement of 3h-thymidine uptake by ... | 1979 | 39964 |
| acute febrile systemic reaction to polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine. | an acute, severe febrile reaction with leukocytosis followed vaccination with polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in a splenectomized patient with myeloproliferative disease. recovery required five days. | 1979 | 40046 |
| empyema seven years after pneumonectomy. detection by gallium 67 scan. | | 1979 | 40047 |
| polymicrobial bacteremia. | of 26,961 blood cultures taken during an 18-month period at the cincinnati general hospital, 1,715 (6%) were positive. ninety-four patients had blood cultures containing more than one organism. although aerobic and anaerobic streptococci were the most frequently isolated bacteria, a variety of microorganisms, including staphylococcus aureus and the klebsiella-enterobacter-serratia group, was isolated in different combinations depending on the underlying disease. neurological illness, malignant n ... | 1979 | 40048 |
| competence for genetic transformation in pneumococcus depends on synthesis of a small set of proteins. | in bacterial genetic transformation the uptake of dna and its integration into the resident chromosome is dependent on a special cellular state, termed competence. in those species where appearance of competence has been studied, specific (but often poorly defined) growth conditions lead to a simultaneous development of competence in a substantial fraction of the cells in a culture. in bacillus subtilis, and in haemophilus species, competence appears in the stationary phase of growth or in certa ... | 1979 | 40135 |
| in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae in new zealand. | ninety-seven isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae referred to the national health institute between january 1976 and march 1978 were tested for their susceptibility to 10 antimicrobials. all were susceptible to penicillin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, clindamycin, cephalothin and rifampicin. resistance to tetracycline was found in 9.3 percent of the isolates, and 9.7 percent were resistant to a combination of sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim. | 1979 | 40173 |
| the pneumococcus at hopkins: early portents of future developments. | | 1979 | 37358 |
| mechanisms of dna uptake by cells. | | 1977 | 38887 |
| structural studies of the capsular antigen from streptococcus pneumoniae type 26. | the structure of the capsular antigen from pneumococcus type 26 has been determined by using methylation analysis, periodate-oxidation studies, and n.m.r. spectroscopy of the original and the dephosphorylated product. it is considered that the polysaccharide is composed of repeating-units having the following structure. (formula: see text): the only difference between this structure and that of the type-6 antigen is that the alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl residue is linked to o-4 of d-ribitol in the fo ... | 1979 | 38908 |
| use and efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in patients with hodgkin disease. | fulminant bacterial sepsis has been described in patients with hodgkin disease who have undergone splenectomy for staging purposes. the organisms commonly associated with sepsis in this setting include streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine (merck) has recently been licensed and has been suggested for use in patients with hodgkin disease who are at risk for postsplenectomy sepsis. we administered 14-valent pneumococcal vaccine to 24 patients with hod ... | 1979 | 40635 |
| pneumococcal pneumonia: diagnosis, therapy, and prevention. | | 1979 | 40727 |
| immunochemical cross-reactions between type iii group b streptococcus and type 14 streptococcus pneumoniae. | serological cross-reactions between certain streptococci and some serotypes of streptococcus pneumoniae have been reported. these studies detail the serological cross-reactivity observed between hot hcl-extracted group b streptococcus type iii (gbs iii) antigens and s. pneumoniae type 14 (pn 14) polysaccharide. similar electrophoretic migration patterns of gbs iii and pn 14 were observed when either type-specific bgs iii antisera or pneumococcal omniserum was utilized to precipitate these antige ... | 1979 | 40876 |
| pathogenic species of the genus haemophilus and streptococcus pneumoniae produce immunoglobulin a1 protease. | thirty-seven strains of the genus haemophilus and five strains of streptococcus pneumoniae were examined for their ability to produce extracellular enzyme that cleaves immunoglobulin molecules. all strains of h. influenzae, h. aegyptius, and s. pneumoniae elaborated enzyme that selectively cleaved human immunoglobulin a1 (iga1) myeloma proteins but was inactive against a variety of other proteins including human iga2, igg, and igm, porcine and bovine secretory iga, human and bovine serum albumin ... | 1979 | 40878 |
| bacterial adherence to pharyngeal cells in smokers, nonsmokers, and chronic bronchitics. | selective adherence to host mucosal surfaces is probably a requirement for colonization and infection by bacteria. since pharyngeal colonization may be an important determinant in the pathogenesis of pneumonia, we studied the adherence of 10 different bacteria to pharyngeal cells obtained from nonsmokers, smokers, and chronic bronchitics. various patterns of adherence among the different groups of subjects were found. young healthy smokers had increased adherence of streptococcus pneumoniae type ... | 1979 | 40879 |
| immunoglobulin a1 protease production by haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae. | bacterial strains of haemophilus species and streptococcus pneumoniae were examined for synthesis of the enzyme immunoglobulin a1 (iga1) protease. of 36 h. influenzae strains examined, 35 produced iga1 protease; strains included all six capsular types, unencapsulated variants of types b and d, and untypable h. influenzae. eight haemophilus strains (non-h. influenzae) were studied, and two produced iga1 protease. all 10 strains of s. pneumoniae produced iga1 protease; these strains included 9 dif ... | 1979 | 40880 |
| the mechanism of the irreversible antimicrobial effects of penicillins: how the beta-lactam antibiotics kill and lyse bacteria. | | 1979 | 40528 |
| pneumococcal vaccine: development and prospects. | | 1979 | 40434 |
| susceptibility of streptococci to newer tetracyclines and cephalosporins and to other antimicrobial agents. | two hundred and thirty-nine strains of streptococcus including 71 strains of group a, 81 strains of group b, 69 strains of enterococci, and 18 strains of s. pneumoniae were tested against 12 antimicrobial agents using an agar dilution method. cefamandole was the most active cephalosporin tested. doxycycline and minocycline were more active than tetracycline, although the tetracyclines were considerably less inhibitory than the cephalosporins. regression line analysis of zones of inhibition versu ... | 1979 | 40435 |
| [range and possibilities of treatment of chronic bronchitis and its complications]. | | 1979 | 41227 |
| [value of quantitative evaluation of bacterial species in bronchitic infections (author's transl)]. | a quantitative evaluation of the bacterial species in the sputum collected from 93 patients was conducted over a period of 7 months. the patients were divided into five different pathological categories, while separating those patients who had not received antibiotic therapy before samples were taken from those who had been administered this type of treatment. samples were repeated after one week in 30 cases. the most frequently encountered germs were hemophilus (10(6)) and pneumococcus (10(7)). ... | 1979 | 41322 |
| [culture and morphological characteristics of haemophilus influenzae and pneumococcus in bronchial infection]. | in the cultures obtained by inoculating sputum samples faken from patients with bronchial infection into solid agar medium prepared on hottinger's hydrolysate with fresh rabbit blood added haemophilus influenzae produced colonies varying in their from (dome-shaped, conical, trapeziform), as well as in the morphology of the organisms. pneumococci produced mainly flat colonies surrounded by the zone of alpha hemolysis. along-side with isolated h. influenzae and pneumococcal colonies, symbiotic col ... | 1979 | 41387 |
| high sensitivity to androgen as a contributing factor in sex differences in the immune response. | | 1979 | 41532 |
| pneumococcal type 4 typing sera cross-react with type 2 pneumococcus. | | 1979 | 41004 |
| transformation in pneumococcus: nuclease resistance of deoxyribonucleic acid in the eclipse complex. | donor deoxyribonucleic acid strands in the eclipse phase of genetic transformation of pnuemococcus (streptococcus pneumoniae) are purified as a complex with a cf the deoxyribonucleic acid strand in this complex to digestion by nucleases was shown to be 50- to 1,000-fold less than that of uncomplexed single strands of deoxyribonucleic acid. deoxyribonuclease i, micrococcal nuclease, neurospora endonuclease, nuclease p1, and the major endogenous nuclease of cell-free extracts were studied. sensiti ... | 1979 | 40962 |
| countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis: improved detection of pneumococcal capsular antigens in sputum by incorporation of a carboxylated derivative of phenyl boronic acid. | | 1979 | 41852 |
| [bacterial coincidence in the infected middle ear and nasopharynx (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 41890 |
| [a clinical observation of cefuroxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. | cefuroxime, a new synthetic cephalosporin, was administered to 10 pediatric patients (6 with respiratory tract infection, 2 with urinary tract infection, 1 with sepsis of e. coli and 1 with enterocolitis). the clinical result was good and excellent in all the 10 cases. no side effect was observed in any of them. | 1979 | 41955 |
| the amino acid sequence of a variable region of rabbit b4 chain from an anti-siii antibody: comparison with light chains of the same sub-group from anti-a-variant carbohydrate antibodies. | | 1979 | 42017 |