| biosorption of trivalent chromium by free and immobilized blue green algae: kinetics and equilibrium studies. | the process of biosorption of trivalent chromium (cr(3+)) by live culture of spirulina platensis and the sorption potential by the dried biomass, in both free and immobilized states have been investigated for a simulated chrome liquor in the concentration range of 100-4500 ppm. both live and dried biomass were very good biosorbents as they could remove high amounts of chromium from tannery wastewater. polyurethane foam and sodium alginate were used as immobilizing agents and their performances c ... | 2008 | 18273745 |
| characterization of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1b2-null mice: essential role in hepatic uptake/toxicity of phalloidin and microcystin-lr. | the liver-specific importer organic anion transporting polypeptide 1b2 (oatp1b2, slco1b2, also known as oatp4 and lst-1) and its human orthologs oatp1b1/1b3 transport a large variety of chemicals. oatp1b2-null mice were engineered by homologous recombination and their phenotype was characterized. oatp1b2 protein was absent in livers of oatp1b2-null mice. oatp1b2-null mice develop normally and breed well. however, adult oatp1b2-null mice had moderate conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. compared with w ... | 2008 | 18296417 |
| a protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a) inhibition assay using a recombinant enzyme for rapid detection of microcystins. | worldwide blooms of toxic cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) commonly occur in freshwater, often in drinking water sources, necessitating routine monitoring of water quality. microcystin-lr and related cyanobacterial toxins strongly inhibit protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a) and are therefore assayable by measuring the extent of pp2a inhibition. in this study, we evaluated the suitability of the catalytic subunit of recombinant pp2a (rpp2ac) expressed with a baculovirus system for use in a microplate m ... | 2008 | 18430448 |
| viability of dried vegetative trichomes, formation of akinetes and heterocysts and akinete germination in some blue-green algae under water stress. | almost all dried vegetative trichomes ofanabaena iyengarii, westiellopsis prolifica andnostochopsis lobatus died within 1 h, while those ofoscillatoria acuminata retained viability to some extent for 1 d under similar storage conditions. the viability of dried vegetative trichomes ofo. acuminata decreased about equally on storage at 20 degrees c in the light or in the dark, but dropped rapidly at 12 and 0 degrees c in the dark. vegetative trichomes ofa. iyengarii, n. lobatus andw. prolifica were ... | 1999 | 18461490 |
| toxin mixture in cyanobacterial blooms--a critical comparison of reality with current procedures employed in human health risk assessment. | cyanobacteria are the oldest life forms on earth known to produce a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites. the functions/advantages of most of these secondary metabolites (peptides and alkaloids) are unknown, however, some of them have adverse effects in humans and wildlife, especially when ingested, inhaled or upon dermal exposure. surprisingly, some of these cyanobacteria are ingested voluntarily. indeed, for centuries mankind has used cyanobacteria as a protein source, primarily spirulina s ... | 2008 | 18461795 |
| fast screening and quantitation of microcystins in microalgae dietary supplement products and water by liquid chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry. | cyanobacteria, commonly called "blue-green algae", may accumulate in surface water supplies as "blooms" and may concentrate on the surface as blue-green "scums". some species of cyanobacteria produce toxins and are of relevance to water supplies and to microalgae dietary supplements. to ensure the safety of drinking water and blue-green algae products, analyses are the only way to determine the presence or absence of toxins. this paper shows the use of ultra performance liquid chromatography (up ... | 2008 | 18486663 |
| diffusion pollution from livestock and poultry rearing in the yangtze delta, china. | the yangtze delta is one of the most developed regions in china and includes shanghai, eight cities in jiangsu province and eight cities in zhejiang province. meat consumption in this region has increased with economic growth, and most of the consumed meat is produced locally. the water quality of surface waters has deteriorated in recent years. an example was the huge blue-green algae bloom in tai lake in late may 2007, which affected millions of people's daily drinking water. however, animal h ... | 2008 | 18504847 |
| larvicidal algae. | although most algae are nutritious food for mosquito larvae, some species kill the larvae when ingested in large quantities. cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) that kill larvae do so by virtue of toxicity. while blue-green algae toxins may offer possibilities for delivery as larvicides, the toxicity of live blue-green algae does not seem consistent enough for live algae to be useful for mosquito control. certain species of green algae in the order chlorococcales kill larvae primarily because they ... | 2007 | 17855939 |
| photosynthetic regeneration of atp using a strain of thermophilic blue-green algae. | photosynthetic atp accumulation was shown in the presence of exogenous adp plus orthophosphate on illumination to the intact cells of a strain of thermophilic blue-green algae isolated from matsue hot springs, mastigocladus sp. kinetic studies of various effectors on the atp accumulation proved that the atp synthesis depends mainly on the cyclic photophosphorylation system around photosystem i (ps-i) in the algal cells. the temperature and ph optima for the accumulation were found at 45 degrees ... | 1982 | 18546304 |
| mixed populations of marine microalgae in continuous culture: factors affecting species dominance and biomass productivity. | marine microalgae were grown in multispecies continuous cultures. under carbon dioxide limitation, blue-green algae dominated. under nitrate and light limitation, species dominance depended on the initial conditions. when the inoculum consisted primarily of blue-green algae with smaller amounts of other species, blue-green algae and pennate diatoms dominated. when the inoculum consisted of equal amounts of all species, green flagellates and pennate diatoms dominated. green flagellates and blue-g ... | 1984 | 18551649 |
| kinetics and bioenergetics of light-limited photoautotrophic growth of spirulina platensis. | blue-green algae, spirulina platensis, is cultivated under photoautotrophic growth conditions designed to have nearly uniform growth rate throughout the fermentor by illumination both sides of a rectangular vessel. the results show that growth rate and bioenergetic yield are a function of light intensity. several kinetic models are considered to express the relationship between growth rate and light intensity. | 1987 | 18576528 |
| evaluation of algal phytodegradation of petroleum naphthenic acids. | the algal phytodegradation of a model naphthenic acid (4-methylcyclohexaneacetic acid) and an oilsands mixture of naphthenic acids (nas) were evaluated in support of studies to remediate recalcitrant nas in soils and water. the algae investigated included blue-green algae (oscillatoria sp.; aphanizomenon sp.; anbaena sp.) green algae (selenastrum sp.; nannochloris sp.; ankistrodesmus sp.; scenedesmus sp.; haematococcus sp.; chlorella sp.) and diatoms (naviculla (1), naviculla (2) and nitzschia s ... | 2008 | 18205052 |
| evaluation of renoprotective effect of aphanizomenon flos-aquae on cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction in rats. | cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of a wide array of both pediatric and adult malignancies. dose-dependent and cumulative nephrotoxicity is the major toxicity of this compound, sometimes requiring a reduction in dose or discontinuation of treatment. recent evidence has implicated oxidative and nitrosative stress in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. aphanizomenon flos-aquae (afa), blue-green algae, is claimed to be a potential antioxidant. the present study wa ... | 2008 | 18704821 |
| [a molecular view of microbial diversity in sediment of the jinshan hot spring, guangdong province]. | the aim of this study is to analyze the microbial diversity in the sediment of jingshan hot spring. | 2008 | 18720834 |
| a new model of phycobilisome in spirulina platensis. | phycobilisomes (pbs) were isolated from blue-green alga spirulina platensis. scanning tunneling microscope was used to investigate the three-dimensional structure of pbs deposited on freshly cleaved highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (hopg) in ambient condition at room temperature. the results showed that the rods of pbs radiated from the core to different directions in the space other than arrayed in one plane, which was different from the typical hemi-discoidal model structure. the diameter of ... | 1999 | 18726501 |
| cyanobacterial toxins as allelochemicals with potential applications as algaecides, herbicides and insecticides. | cyanobacteria ("blue-green algae") from marine and freshwater habitats are known to produce a diverse array of toxic or otherwise bioactive metabolites. however, the functional role of the vast majority of these compounds, particularly in terms of the physiology and ecology of the cyanobacteria that produce them, remains largely unknown. a limited number of studies have suggested that some of the compounds may have ecological roles as allelochemicals, specifically including compounds that may in ... | 2008 | 18728763 |
| assessing drinking water treatment systems for safety against cyanotoxin breakthrough using maximum tolerable values. | for assessing the safety of drinking water supplies suffering cyanobacterial blooms in their water source, a methodology is proposed which relates the performance of their current treatment train to the quality of the raw water. the approach considers that different treatment trains can remove algal toxins with different efficiency. maximum tolerable (mt-) values of the raw water expressed by cell counts or by biovolumes of cyanobacteria were calculated. three mt-categories were identified by co ... | 2008 | 18214897 |
| in vitro evaluation of protective effects of ascorbic acid and water extract of spirulina plantesis (blue green algae) on 5-fluorouracil-induced lipid peroxidation. | considering drug-induced lipid peroxidation as a possible mediator of drug-induced toxicity and exploiting the free radical scavenging action of antioxidants, the present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of ascorbic acid (aa) and water extract of spirulina plantesis (sp) to minimize 5-fluorouracil (5-fu)-induced lipid peroxidation. the study has been performed in vitro using goat liver as an experimental model. this evaluation was done by measuring the malondialdehyde (mda), ... | 2007 | 18536159 |
| quantum dots encapsulated with amphiphilic alginate as bioprobe for fast screening anti-dengue virus agents. | the increasing threats of viral diseases have gained worldwide attention in recent years. quite a few infectious diseases are still lacking effective prevention or treatment. the pace of developing antiviral agents could be expedited by the availability of quick and efficient drug screening platforms. in this study, quantum dot (qd), an emerging probe for biological imaging and medical diagnostics, was employed to form complexes with virus and used as fluorescent imaging probes for exploring pot ... | 2008 | 18801653 |
| effect of water quality indices on phytoplankton of a sluggish tidal creek in lagos, nigeria. | the phytoplankton of a tidal creek in lagos was investigated for six months (september 1998-february 1999). the physico-chemical environment was essentially neutral (ph 7.00-7.30), relatively more transparent (> 0.23 m), expressed higher conductivity (> 0.10 ms cm(-1)), higher chloride values (> 23.48 mg l(-1)), lower nitrate content (< 0.70 mg l(-1)), lower sulphate values (< 0.45 mg l(-1)) and phosphate values (< 0.12 mg l(-1)) in the dry months. in the wet months, september to november 1998, ... | 2008 | 18814644 |
| analysis of the biomass quality and photosynthetic efficiency of a nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium grown outdoors with two agitation systems. | the efficiency of two different agitation systems (airlift and paddlewheel) in the biomass photoproduction of a nitrogen-fixing filamentous blue-green alga was evaluated outdoors, and the elemental and molecular composition of the cells grown with each system was analyzed. with the paddlewheel system, the productivity values achieved were over 30% higher than with the airlift system, both in summer and winter. in this last season, a conversion efficiency of total solar energy into stored biomass ... | 1989 | 18588168 |
| yield of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids upon chlorinating algal cells, and its prediction via algal cellular biochemical composition. | the major objective of the present study was to investigate the contribution of major biomolecules, including protein, carbohydrates and lipids, in predicting dbps formation upon chlorination of algal cells. three model compounds, including bovine serum albumin (bsa), starch and fish oil, as surrogates of algal-derived proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, and cells of three algae species, representing blue-green algae, green algae, and diatoms, were chlorinated in the laboratory. the results show ... | 2008 | 18954887 |
| isolation and structure determination of a proteasome inhibitory metabolite from a culture of scytonema hofmanni. | cyanobacteria, blue-green algae, are a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites with many potential applications. the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic system plays an important role in selective protein degradation and regulates cellular events including apoptosis. cancer cells are more sensitive to the proapoptotic effects of proteasome inhibition than normal cells. thus, proteasome inhibitors can be potential anticancer agents. cyanobacteria have been shown to be a rich source of highly ... | 2008 | 18955814 |
| [generalized behavior study on the growth dynamics for dominant algae species forming algal bloom in the three gorges reservoir region]. | from the blue-green algae species a representative algae, namely, chloreulla vulgaris (cv)to belong to chlorophyta is selected as one of algae species studied in order to investigate the effect of tn, tp on the growth behavior of cv with the monod equation, and calculate the semi-saturation constants of cv to tp(k(sp)) and tn(k(sn)). k(sn) >> k(sp) showed that the effect of tp on growth of cv is obvious significant than that of tn. the growth rate of chlorella vulgaris is very sensitive to the c ... | 2008 | 18839563 |
| [progress in spectral characteristics of biological soil crust of arid or semiarid region]. | the biological soil crusts (bsc) (also known as organic or microphytic crust) can be formed by different combinations of microphytic communities including mosses, lichens, liverworts, algae, fungi, cyanobacteria (= blue-green algae or cyanophyta), as well as bacteria. large areas of sand fields in arid and semi-arid regions are covered by bsc. remote sensing distinction should be made between physical and biogenical crust formations. it was reviewed the advances of domestic and overseas studies ... | 2008 | 18975816 |
| phycocyanin protects ins-1e pancreatic beta cells against human islet amyloid polypeptide-induced apoptosis through attenuating oxidative stress and modulating jnk and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. | it is widely accepted that human islet amyloid polypeptide (hiapp) aggregation plays an important role in the loss of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. hiapp-induced cytotoxicity is mediated by generation of reactive oxygen species (ros). phycocyanin (pc) is a natural compound from blue-green algae that is widely used as food supplement. currently, little is known about the effects of pc on beta cells with the presence of hiapp. the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro protec ... | 2009 | 19166964 |
| combined gel probes for the in situ determination of dissolved reactive phosphorus in porewaters and characterization of sediment reactivity. | diffusive equilibrium in thin films (det) and diffusive gradients in thin films (dgt) were applied in situ to obtain high spatial resolution dissolved reactive phosphorus (drp) sediment porewater profiles in two lagoons of the gippsland lakes (se australia) during summer. although the drp depth profiles were different in each lake, highlighting the sensitivity of drp to the redox state of the sediment spatial drp variations obtained from det and dgt showed striking similarities with depth in eac ... | 2008 | 18754356 |
| liquid chromatography coupled to quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry for microcystin analysis in freshwaters: method performances and characterisation of a novel variant of microcystin-rr. | cyanobacteria, also called blue-green algae, occur worldwide within water blooms in eutrophic lakes and drinking water reservoirs, producing several biotoxins (cyanotoxins). among these, microcystins (mcs) are a group of cyclic heptapeptides showing potent hepatotoxicity and activity as tumour promoters. so far, at least 89 mcs from different cyanobacteria genera have been characterised. herein, ion trap, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight (maldi-tof) and quadruple time-o ... | 2009 | 19337977 |
| vegetative survival of some wall and soil blue-green algae under stress conditions. | lyngbya major (a wall alga), survived throughout year, maximally to >80 % at atmospheric temperature (at) of 17-36 degrees c and relative humidity (rh) 60-100 % in rainy and spring seasons, but the survival was 43-64 % in winter when at decreased to 5 degrees c and rh was 65-98 %, and 15-23 % in summer when at reached 48 degrees c and rh was 23-60 %. all soil algae (lyngbya birgei, aphanothece pallida, gloeocapsa atrata, oscillatoria subbrevis, o. animalis) survived >90 % in rainy season when so ... | 2008 | 18759119 |
| relationship between the absorption and emission spectra and the "red drop" in the action spectra of fluorescence in vivo. | the stepanov equation, relating the intensity of emission, f(e)(v), at a given frequency, and that of absorption, k(v), at the same frequency, is applied, in its modified form (see equation 3 in text) to suspensions of chlorella, porphyridium, and anacystis and to chlorophyll solutions. this application can reveal whether the yield of fluorescence, phi(v), is constant, or changes with frequency. in chlorella (green alga) a sharp drop of phi(v) is indicated towards the lower frequencies (longer w ... | 1967 | 19431346 |
| computer simulation of energy migration in the c-phycocyanin of the blue-green algae agmenellum quadruplicatum. | two methods for simulation of energy migration in the c-phycocyanin fragments of pbs were developed. both methods are based on the statistical analysis of an excitation behavior in modeling complexes with a limited number (up to hundreds) of chromophores using the monte-carlo approach and calculation of migration rates for the system of linear balance equations. energy migration rates were calculated in the case of c-phycocyanin of the blue-green algae agmenellum quadruplicatum. the main channel ... | 1993 | 19431892 |
| a comparison of the role of two blue-green algae in thm and haa formation. | the contribution of two blue-green algae species, anabaena flos-aquae and microcystis aeruginosa, to the formation of trihalomethanes (thms) and haloacetic acids (haas) was investigated. the experiments examined the formation potential of these disinfection by-products (dbps) from both algae cells and extracellular organic matter (eom) during four algal growth phases. algal cells and eom of anabaena and microcystis exhibited a high potential for dbp formation. yields of total thms (tthm) and tot ... | 2009 | 19457536 |
| antiinflammatory and antihyperalgesic activity of c-phycocyanin. | c-phycocyanin (c-pc), a biliprotein found in blue green algae, such as spirulina platensis, is often used as a dietary nutritional supplement due to its various therapeutic values. in addition, the antiinflammatory activity of c-pc partly through inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) and cyclooxygeanase-2 (cox-2) expression has been demonstrated in many in vitro and in vivo studies. however, whether c-pc also has antihyperalgesic activity in inf ... | 2009 | 19299804 |
| generation and characterization of polyclonal antibodies against microcystins-application to immunoassays and immunoaffinity sample preparation prior to analysis by liquid chromatography and uv detection. | polyclonal antibodies against microcystin-lr (mc-lr), a cyclic heptapeptide toxin, were generated in rabbits using mc-lr-bsa. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for the characterization of the antibodies and their potential use for analytical purposes. the concentration of mc-lr that inhibits 50% of antibody-antigen binding (ic(50)) was 0.5mugl(-1) for the indirect elisa format and 0.9mugl(-1) for the direct elisa, using mc-lr-horseradish peroxidase conjugate. the limit o ... | 2006 | 18970757 |
| epr signals of oxidized plastocyanin in intact algae. | (1) an electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) signal was observed at g = 2.05 in the low temperature spectra of intact cells of green, red and blue-green algae and of spinach chloroplasts. the g-value and the shape of the signal were similar to that of purified, soluble plastocyanin. (2) the amount of the copper protein, determined from the epr signal height, was estimated to be nearly the same in all the studied organisms on the basis of the concentration of chlorophyll. furthermore, it was foun ... | 1974 | 19400039 |
| effects of oxidative and physical treatments on inactivation of cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and removal of cylindrospermopsin. | the presence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms (or blue-green algae) in water bodies used either as drinking water or for recreational purposes may present serious health risks for the human population. in this study, the removal of the chemical toxin, cylindrospermopsin, via free chlorine, chlorine dioxide, monochloramine, permanganate, ozone, and uv irradiation was studied. ozone and free chlorine were found to be highly effective for cylindrospermopsion removal while the other disinfectants were ... | 2009 | 19657164 |
| a highly sensitive competitive enzyme immunoassay of broad specificity quantifying microcystins and nodularins in water samples. | microcystins (mcs) form a group of cyclic heptapeptides produced by common cyanobacteria (blue green algae) and cause both acute and chronic toxicity. for immunization purposes, an amino derivative of mc-lr was prepared before coupling to bsa. among the different monoclonal antibodies produced, mab mc159 was selected due to its broad specificity to develop a sensitive enzyme immunoassay (eia). this method measures mc-lr, mc-yr, mc-la, nodularins in a similar way and exhibits an important recogni ... | 2009 | 19673102 |
| characterisation of biotoxins produced by a cyanobacteria bloom in lake averno using two lc-ms-based techniques. | cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) cause blooms in eutrophic lakes and drinking water reservoirs. they also produce biotoxins, including microcystins (mcs), highly toxic cyclic heptapeptides that cause poisoning in animals and human. in this paper, we present a method for the analysis of four mcs by ion trap lc-ms and maldi-tof/ms. the data are compared to evaluate the performance and reliability of the different ms detection systems. the method was applied to the analysis of water and algae sampl ... | 2008 | 19680862 |
| degradation of microcystin-rr using boron-doped diamond electrode. | microcystins (mcs), produced by blue-green algae, are one of the most common naturally occurring toxins found in natural environment. the presence of mcs in drinking water sources poses a great threat to people's health. in this study, the degradation behavior of microcystin-rr on boron-doped diamond (bdd) electrode was investigated under galvanostatic conditions. such parameters as reaction time, supporting electrolyte and applied current density were varied in order to determine their effects ... | 2009 | 19692171 |
| long-term cognitive impairments in adult rats treated neonatally with beta-n-methylamino-l-alanine. | most cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) can produce the neurotoxin beta-n-methylamino-l-alanine (bmaa). dietary exposure to bmaa has been suggested to be involved in the etiology of the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (als/pdc). little is known about bmaa-induced neurotoxicity following neonatal administration. our previous studies have revealed an uptake of bmaa in the hippocampus and striatum of neonatal mice. furthermore, rats treated with b ... | 2009 | 19692667 |
| liquid chromatographic determination of the cyanobacterial toxin beta-n-methylamino-l-alanine in algae food supplements, freshwater fish, and bottled water. | beta-n-methylamino-l-alanine (bmaa) is a neurotoxin originally found in cycad seeds and now known to be produced by many species of freshwater and marine cyanobacteria. we developed a method for its determination in blue-green algae (bga) food supplements, freshwater fish, and bottled water by using a strong cation-exchange, solid-phase extraction column for cleanup after 0.3 m trichloroacetic acid extraction of bga supplements and fish. bottled water was applied directly onto the solid-phase ex ... | 2009 | 19722418 |
| some points in the life history and in the decomposition of blue-green algae as illustrated by oscillaria prolifica (with samples). | | 1901 | 19601023 |
| coastal eutrophication thresholds: a matter of sediment microbial processes. | in marine sediments, the major anaerobic mineralization processes are fe(iii) oxide reduction and sulfate reduction. in this article, we propose that the two alternative microbial mineralization pathways in sediments exert decisively different impacts on aquatic ecosystems. in systems where iron reduction dominates in the recently deposited sediment layers, the fraction of fe(iii) oxides that is dissolved to fe(ii) upon reduction will ultimately be transported to the oxic layer, where it will be ... | 2009 | 19860153 |
| modelling multi-species algal bloom in a lake and inter-algal competitions. | a numerical model was developed to simulate water quality and algal species composition in a deep lake. as artificial destratification is widely used in the lakes, a destratification (bubble plume) model was incorporated with the ecological model to simulate the dynamic responses of different species under artificial mixing. the ecological model predicts concentrations of po(4)-p, nh(4)-n, no(3)-n, do and ph throughout the water column, all of which have a significant influence on the growth of ... | 2009 | 19923766 |
| observations on the pathological changes produced by a toxic substance present in blue-green algae (microcystis aeruginosa). | | 1946 | 19970869 |
| microcystin elimination during sediment contact. | microcystins (mcysts) are a group of structurally similar toxic peptides produced by cyanobacteria ("blue-green algae") which occur frequently in surface waters worldwide. reliable elimination is necessary when using these waters as drinking water sources. bank filtration and artificial groundwater recharge utilize adsorption and degradation processes in the subsurface, commonly through sand and gravel aquifers, for the elimination of a wide range of substances during drinking water (pre-) treat ... | 2010 | 20000604 |
| a fluorescent immunochromatographic test using immunoliposomes for detecting microcystins and nodularins. | microcystins (mcs), a group of cyclic heptapeptides produced by common cyanobacteria (blue green algae), cause both acute and chronic toxicity. due to their toxicity, constant monitoring in drinking water, recreational waters as well as other potential exposure through ingestion of contaminated sea food, is very important. in this context, an immunochromatographic test (ict) using a monoclonal antibody labeled with fluorescent liposomes (immunoliposomes) as tracer was developed, allowing a rapid ... | 2010 | 20033138 |
| sensitivity of green and blue-green algae to methyl tert-butyl ether. | the toxicity of methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe) to chlorella ellipsoidea and aphanizomenon flos-aquae was tested and assessed for a 15-d incubation with concentrations of mtbe from high (2.00 x 10(4) mg/l) to low (2 mg/l). the results showed that the toxicity was low when the concentration of mtbe was in the range 1.00 x 10(4) - 2.00 x 10(4) mg/l (the greatest inhibition of growth-rate was 70%-71%, occurred during the day 1-5). low concentrations (2-500 mg/l) stimulated algal growth up to the gre ... | 2009 | 19634428 |
| cyanobacterial toxins and liver disease. | blue-green algae, also known as cyanobacteria, produce a variety of toxins, some of which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of severe and potentially life-threatening diseases in humans. as the growth of cyanobacteria within freshwater lakes increases worldwide, it is important to review our present understanding of their toxicity and potential carcinogenicity to gain insight into how these organisms impact human health. this review addresses each of these topics, with special emphasis gi ... | 2009 | 20052007 |
| formation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-products from the chlorination of microcystis aeruginosa. | formation of carbonaceous disinfection by-products (c-dbps), including trihalomethanes (thms), haloacetic acids (haas), haloketones (hks), chloral hydrate (ch), and nitrogenous disinfection by-products (n-dbps), including haloacetonitriles (hans) and trichloronitromethane (tcnm) from chlorination of microcystis aeruginosa, a blue-green algae, under different conditions was investigated. factors evaluated include contact time, chlorine dosages, ph, temperature, ammonia concentrations and algae gr ... | 2010 | 20060561 |
| alteration of the gastrointestinal microbiota of mice by edible blue-green algae. | to characterize the effect of edible blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) on the gastrointestinal microbiota of mice. | 2009 | 19486425 |
| oriented movement of blue-green algae on a stretched gel. | | 1947 | 20239736 |
| [characteristic of algogenic organic matter (aom) membrane fouling and its effect on uf membrane fouling]. | algogenic organic matter (aom) was extracted from blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) and its characteristics was determined by various methods including high-pressure size-exclusion chromatography (hp-sec), hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractionation and fluorescence excitation emission matrix (eem). the results showed that aom was composed of hydrophilic fraction predominantly, account for 78%. the suva of aom was only 1.1 l/(mg x m). the analysis for relative molecular weight (mr) demonstrated tha ... | 2010 | 20391696 |
| effects of blue-green algae extracts on the proliferation of human adult stem cells in vitro: a preliminary study. | adult stem cells are known to have a reduced restorative capacity as we age and are more vulnerable to oxidative stress resulting in a reduced ability of the body to heal itself. we have previously reported that a proprietary nutraceutical formulation, nt-020, promotes proliferation of human hematopoietic stem cells in vitro and protects stem cells from oxidative stress when given chronically to mice in vivo. because previous reports suggest that the blue green algae, aphanizomenon flos-aquae (a ... | 2010 | 20037479 |
| nitrifying bacterial growth inhibition in the presence of algae and cyanobacteria. | nitrifying bacteria, cyanobacteria, and algae are important microorganisms in open pond wastewater treatment systems. nitrification involving the sequential oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and nitrate, mainly due to autotrophic nitrifying bacteria, is essential to biological nitrogen removal in wastewater and global nitrogen cycling. a continuous flow autotrophic bioreactor was initially designed for nitrifying bacterial growth only. in the presence of cyanobacteria and algae, we monitored both ... | 2010 | 20632370 |
| cloning, expression and purification of microcystis viridis lectin in escherichia coli. | microcystis viridis lectin (mvl), a sugar-binding protein originally isolated from freshwater blue-green algae microcystis viridis, has been reported to have potent anti-hiv activity. in this paper, we described the expression and purification of recombinant-mvl (r-mvl) gene in e. coli. the results demonstrated that the r-mvl in shake flask cultures was primarily expressed either in the form of inclusion bodies at 37°c or in the soluble fraction at 23 °c. secondly, a one-step purification based ... | 2011 | 20652446 |
| evaluation of a new disinfection approach: efficacy of chlorine and bromine halogenated contact disinfection for reduction of viruses and microcystin toxin. | contaminated drinking water is responsible for causing diarrheal diseases that kill millions of people a year. additionally, toxin-producing blue-green algae associated with diarrhea and neurologic effects continues to be an issue for many drinking water supplies. disinfection has been used to reduce these risks. a novel gravity-fed household drinking water system with canisters containing n-halamine bromine or chlorine media was challenged with ms2 bacteriophage and microcystin. chlorine and br ... | 2010 | 20134006 |
| natural faecal fluorophores and the potential of chlorophyll based markers to optimise fluorescence as a real-time solution for the detection of faecal contamination on carcasses. | more accurate and sensitive visualisation of faecal contamination in the abattoir would significantly reduce the risk posed by harbouring pathogenic micro-organisms. we carried out a preliminary investigation of the range of fluorophores found naturally in faeces from typical ruminant diets. sixteen ewes were offered either: i) fresh forage (ff), ii) grass silage (gs), iii) grass hay (gh) or iv) concentrate and barley straw (cb). animals offered ff diets had a greater concentration (p<0.001) of ... | 2010 | 20813464 |
| effects of the antibiotic growth promoters flavomycin and florfenicol on the autochthonous intestinal microbiota of hybrid tilapia (oreochromis niloticus ♀ × o. aureus ♂). | the 16s rdna pcr-dgge and rpob quantitative pcr (rq-pcr) techniques were used to evaluate the effects of dietary flavomycin and florfenicol on the autochthonous intestinal microbiota of hybrid tilapia. the fish were fed four diets: control, dietary flavomycin, florfenicol and their combination. after 8 weeks of feeding, 6 fish from each cage were randomly chosen for the analysis. the total number of intestinal bacteria was determined by rq-pcr. the results showed that dietary antibiotics signifi ... | 2010 | 20844867 |
| total synthesis and biological evaluation of (+)- and (-)-bisanthraquinone antibiotic be-43472b and related compounds. | the bisanthraquinone antibiotic be-43472b [(+)-1] was isolated by rowley and co-workers from a streptomycete strain found in a blue-green algae associated with the ascidian ecteinascidia turbinata and has shown promising antibacterial activity against clinically derived isolates of methicillin-susceptible, methicillin-resistant, and tetracyclin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mssa, mrsa, and trsa, respectively) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis (vre). described herein is the first ... | 2009 | 19778008 |
| treatment and diagnosis of a dog with fulminant neurological deterioration due to anatoxin--a intoxication. | objective: to describe the clinical features, treatment, diagnostic work-up, and outcome of a dog with acute neurologic signs subsequent to algal toxin exposure. case summary: a golden retriever was presented for evaluation of acute onset of paraparesis after swimming in a man-made pond in early june and ingesting algae from a nearby bucket. the dog was anxious, had mild ptyalism, and when excited, developed generalized self-limiting tremors that progressed to generalized fasciculations and late ... | 2010 | 20955303 |
| life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emissions for an ethanol production process based on blue-green algae. | ethanol can be produced via an intracellular photosynthetic process in cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), excreted through the cell walls, collected from closed photobioreactors as a dilute ethanol-in-water solution, and purified to fuel grade ethanol. this sequence forms the basis for a biofuel production process that is currently being examined for its commercial potential. in this paper, we calculate the life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emissions for three different system scenarios for th ... | 2010 | 20968295 |
| observations on the pathological changes produced by a toxic substance present in blue-green algae (microcystis aeruginosa). | | 1946 | 21018103 |
| proteomic analysis of apoptosis induction in human lung cancer cells by recombinant mvl. | lung cancer is still difficult to treat by current chemotherapeutic procedures. we recently found that mvl, an anti-hiv lectin from blue-green algae microcystis viridis, also has antitumor activity. the objective of this study was to investigate apoptosis-inducing activity of recombinant mvl (r-mvl) and proteomic changes in a549 cells, and to identify the molecular pathways responsible for the anti-cancer action of r-mvl. we found that r-mvl induces a549 cells apoptosis in a dose-dependent manne ... | 2010 | 21069400 |
| fairy, tadpole, and clam shrimps (branchiopoda) in seasonally inundated clay pans in the western mojave desert and effect on primary producers. | abstract: | 2010 | 21143855 |
| highly sensitive and rapid detection of microcystin-lr in source and finished water samples using cantilever sensors. | microcystin-leucine-arginine (mclr) is one of the toxic microcystin congeners produced by the common cyanobacteria, blue-green algae. a piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever (pemc) sensor was developed for the sensitive detection of mclr in a flow format using both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that bind specifically to mclr. pemc is a resonant cantilever sensor whose resonant frequency decreases as target analyte binds to its surface. monoclonal antibody against mclr was immo ... | 2010 | 21189000 |
| substances that protect cultured hepatocytes from the toxic effects of microcystin-lr. | primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were used in a screen in vitro for agents which protect against the toxic effects of the hepatoxin microcystin-lr. exposure of cells to microcystin-lr, a cyclic heptapeptide produced by blue-green algae, resulted in clustering of hepatocytes within 15 min of addition. this initial response was followed by disruption of cellular function (measured by a protein synthesis assay) and eventual loss of membrane integrity, resulting in leakage of cytosolic enzymes (m ... | 1992 | 20732161 |
| disease due to salmonella diagnosed in cattle and pigs in scotland. | salmonellosis in cattle due to s dublin and s typhimurium, and in pigs due to s typhimurium. blue-green algae (cyanobacterium) toxicity suspected on a dairy farm. outbreaks of parasitic pneumonia diagnosed in grazing cattle across scotland. parasitic gastroenteritis in lambs seen in association with deficiencies of trace elements. viral insult suspected in outdoor sows affected by hindlimb paresis and paralysis. these are among matters discussed in the disease surveillance report for august from ... | 2010 | 21257506 |
| recombinant microcystis viridis lectin as a potential anticancer agent. | mvl (microcystis viridis lectin), a glycoprotein originally isolated from freshwater blue-green algae microcystis viridis, has been reported to have potent anti-hiv activity. however, the objective of this study was to evaluate the anticancer activity of recombinant mvl (r-mvl). mtt assay was used to evaluate the in vitro anticancer activity of r-mvl, and the results show that the ic50 for ht-29, hepg2, sgc-7901 and sk-ov-3 were 40.20, 42.67, 49.87, and 53.40 microg/ml, respectively. our data, f ... | 2010 | 21284264 |
| bioelectricity generation and microcystins removal in a blue-green algae powered microbial fuel cell. | bioelectricity production from blue-green algae was examined in a single chamber tubular microbial fuel cell (mfc). the blue-green algae powered mfc produced a maximum power density of 11 4 mw/m(2) at a current density of 0.55 ma/m(2). coupled with the bioenergy generation, high removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (cod) and nitrogen were also achieved in mfcs. over 78.9% of total chemical oxygen demand (tcod), 80.0% of soluble chemical oxygen demand (scod), 91.0% of total nitrogen (to ... | 2011 | 21295401 |
| alsuntangled no. 9: blue-green algae (spirulina) as a treatment for als. | | 2011 | 21323493 |
| fluorescence polarization of triple-chromophore complexes with energy transfer. | the formula for the determination of a fluorescence polarization degree is derived for triple-chromophore complexes with energy transfer: p = (3b - 1 + 2a)/(3 + b + 4a). in this formula b = q(12) cos(2)(?(12)) + q(13) cos(2)(?(13)) + q(23) cos(2)(?(23)) and parameters a and q(ij) are dependent on the kinetic parameters of energy exchange and the chromophore spectroscopic parameters. the angle ?ij is the angle between the transition dipole moments of the i and j chromophores. the formula was test ... | 1994 | 20941161 |
| influence of lake morphology on water quality. | lakes are seriously affected due to urban pollution. the study of the morphological features of a lake system helps to identify its environmental status. the objective of the present study is to analyse the influence of morphometry on water quality in a lake (akkulam-veli lake, thiruvananthapuram, kerala). the morphological features namely mean depth, surface area, volume, shoreline length, shoreline development and index of basin permanence have been evaluated. correlation analysis has been con ... | 2011 | 21387171 |
| two cyanobacterial strains can be distinguished from each other and other eukaryotic algae by spectral absorption method. | spectral absorption method based on two step linear regression analyses (tslr) was applied for detection of two strains of cyanobacterium, microcystis (blue-green algae) from eukaryotic algae. both blue-green algae, algae and dissolved organic carbon (doc) were considered from freshwater bodies in kanto region, japan. the results show that blue-green species can be detected from other algal species using absorption spectra of water samples. in this study statistical analysis was done by tslr met ... | 2011 | 21436557 |
| inhibition of the growth of two blue-green algae species (microsystis aruginosa and anabaena spiroides) by acidification treatments using carbon dioxide. | the effect of ph adjusted by aeration with carbon dioxide (co(2)) on the growth of two species of blue-green algae, microcystis aeruginosa and anabaena spiroides, was investigated. three conditions (ph 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5) were found to have significant inhibitory effects on the growth of the two algae species when acidification treatment was conducted during the logarithmic phase. differences in the inhibition effect of acidification existed between the two species algae. the tolerance of m. aerug ... | 2011 | 21454074 |
| in vitro and in vivo safety assessment of edible blue-green algae, nostoc commune var. sphaeroides kützing and spirulina plantensis. | blue-green algae (bga) have been consumed as food and herbal medicine for centuries. however, safety for their consumption has not been well investigated. this study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro and in vivo toxicity of cultivated nostoc commune var. sphaeroides kützing (no) and spirulina platensis (sp). neither no nor sp contained detectable levels of microcystin (mc)-la, mc-rr, mc-lw and mc-lr by lc/ms/ms. cell viability remained ∼70-80% when hepg2 cells were incubated with 0-500μg/ml of ... | 2011 | 21473896 |
| on the chemistry, toxicology and genetics of the cyanobacterial toxins, microcystin, nodularin, saxitoxin and cylindrospermopsin. | the cyanobacteria or "blue-green algae", as they are commonly termed, comprise a diverse group of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria that inhabit a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial environments, and display incredible morphological diversity. many aquatic, bloom-forming species of cyanobacteria are capable of producing biologically active secondary metabolites, which are highly toxic to humans and other animals. from a toxicological viewpoint, the cyanotoxins span four major classes: the neur ... | 2010 | 20559491 |
| [use of blue-green algae for biogas production]. | perspectives for nature protection and energy-saving, by using blue-green algae, are discussed. utilization of their phyto biomass for biogas manufacture will lead to the environmental normalization of the transdniestria and allow one to have about 19,000,000 m3 of methane only from the water area of only one kremenchug water basin each vegetative period (70 days). | 2010 | 21381361 |
| municipal wastewater treatment and biomass accumulation with a wastewater-born and settleable algal-bacterial culture. | a wastewater-born and settleable algal-bacterial culture, cultivated in a stirred tank photobioreactor under lab conditions, was used to remove the carbon and nutrients in municipal wastewater and accumulate biomass simultaneously. the algal-bacterial culture showed good settleable property and could totally settle down over 20 min, resulting in a reduction of total suspended solids from an initial 1.84 to 0.016 g/l. the average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand, total kjeldahl nitr ... | 2011 | 21513965 |
| effect of phosphorus fluctuation caused by river water dilution in eutrophic lake on competition between blue-green alga microcystis aeruginosa and diatom cyclotella sp. | tega-numa (lake tega) is one of the eutrophic lakes in japan. for the improvement of water quality in lake tega, the north-chiba water conveyance channel was constructed in 2000, which transfer water from tone river into the lake. after 2000, the dominant species of diatoms, mainly cyclotella sp., have been replacing blue-green algae, mainly microcystis aeruginosa in lake tega. this transition of dominant species would be due to the dilution, but the detail mechanism has not been understood yet. ... | 2010 | 21235152 |
| photosensitisation, crystal-associated cholangiohepatopathy, and acute renal tubular necrosis in calves following ingestion of phytolacca octandra (inkweed). | in march 2006, an outbreak of photosensitivity affecting 6-8-month-old friesian heifer calves on a farm in the rangitikei district of new zealand was investigated. the calves were grazing wheat stubble paddocks that also had a variety of weeds, especially phytolacca octandra (inkweed). they also had access to pond water that contained potentially toxic concentrations of the cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) microcystis and planktothrix spp. | 2011 | 21541890 |
| blue-green algae (arthrospira platensis) as an ingredient in pasta: free radical scavenging activity, sensory and cooking characteristics evaluation. | the effects of semolina enrichment with blue-green algae (arthrospira platensis) at three different levels (1, 2 and 3 g/100 g of semolina) on the colour, cooking properties, firmness, free radical scavenging activity and sensory characteristics of pasta are reported. microalgae addition resulted in higher swelling index and lower cooking loss than the control sample. a significant increase in pasta firmness was evidenced with an increase of added microalgae due to structural reinforcement. in a ... | 2011 | 21568819 |
| antiprotozoal, antitubercular and cytotoxic potential of cyanobacterial (blue-green algal) extracts from ireland. | cyanobacteria (= blue-green algae) are prolific producers of structurally distinct and biologically active metabolites. in the continuation of our search for new sources of anti-infective natural products, we have assessed the in vitro antiprotozoal (plasmodium falciparum, trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, t. cruzi, leishmania donovani) and antitubercular (mycobacterium tuberculosis) potential of samples of two terrestrial cyanobacteria, nostoc commune (collected when desiccated and wet) and rivul ... | 2011 | 21615033 |
| determination of the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin in algal food supplements. | for the analysis of blue-green algal food supplements for cylindrospermopsin (cyn), a c18 solid-phase extraction column and a polygraphitized carbon solid-phase extraction column in series was an effective procedure for the clean-up of extracts. determination of cyn was by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet light detection. at extract spiking levels of cyn equivalent to 25-500 µg g(-1), blue-green algal supplement recoveries were in the range 70-90%. cyn was not detected in ten samples of fo ... | 2011 | 21623503 |
| [retrieve phycocyanin concentrations based on semi-analytical model in the dianchi lake, china]. | phycocyanin (pc) in the blue-green algae is usually used to detective the quantity of the blue-green algae, because of its special absorption at band 620 nm. a semi-analytical model retrieving phycocyanin concentrations is been built, based on a nested semi-empirical band ratio algorithm, using the data sets collected in september 19 and september 20, 2009 from dianchi lake. the empirical relationship between the specific absorption coefficient at band 620 nm [a(pc)* (620)] and the absorption co ... | 2011 | 21528569 |
| use of marfey's reagent and analogs for chiral amino acid analysis: assessment and applications to natural products and biological systems. | the present paper describes an updated knowledge and status on marfey's reagent (mr), 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl-5-l-alanine amide (fdnp-l-ala-nh(2)). the reagent is used for pre-column derivatization of amino acids followed by hplc separation of the diastereomers so formed. emphasis is put on the design and application of structural variants which are synthesized by introducing different (other than l-ala-nh(2)) l- and d-amino acid amides and amino acids in the 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitro benzene ... | 2011 | 21737363 |
| the study of biochemical and histopathological effects of spirulina in rats with tnbs-induced colitis. | to evaluate the beneficial effects of spirulina on the treatment of experimental colitis. | 2011 | 21682075 |
| acute toxicity assessment of perfluorinated carboxylic acids towards the baltic microalgae. | the presence of high-energy carbon-fluorine bonds in perfluoro compounds lends them great stability and causes them to be environmentally persistent. relatively little is known about the acute toxicity of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (pfcas) to ecotoxicological markers such as aquatic plants and animals. this study tested the toxicity of these compounds to the green alga chlorella vulgaris, the diatom skeletonema marinoi and the blue-green alga geitlerinema amphibium, which are species repres ... | 2009 | 21783999 |
| apparent bioaccumulation of cylindrospermopsin and paralytic shellfish toxins by finfish in lake catemaco (veracruz, mexico). | compared to the well-characterized health threats associated with contamination of fish and shellfish by algal toxins in marine fisheries, the toxicological relevance of the bioaccumulation of toxins from cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), as the primary toxigenic algae in freshwater systems, remains relatively unknown. lake catemaco (veracruz, mexico) is a small, tropical lake system specifically characterized by a year-round dominance of the known toxigenic cyanobacterial genus, cylindrospermop ... | 2011 | 21838624 |
| pathologic findings and toxin identification in cyanobacterial (nodularia spumigena) intoxication in a dog. | a 3-year-old cairn terrier dog that had been in contact with sea water containing cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) was euthanized because of acute hepatic failure and anuria after a 5-day illness. histologic findings included lytic and hemorrhagic centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis and renal tubular necrosis. the cyanotoxin nodularin was detected in liver and kidney by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. nodularin is a potent hepatotoxin produced by the algal species nod ... | 2011 | 21825312 |
| formation of disinfection byproducts from chlor(am)ination of algal organic matter. | algal cells and extracellular organic matter (eom) of two algae species, microcystis aeruginosa (blue-green algae) and chlorella vulgaris (green algae), were characterized. the low specific uv absorbance (suva) values of eom and cells from both algae species indicated the very hydrophilic nature of algal materials. fluorescence excitation-emission matrix showed that algal eom and cells were enriched with protein-like and soluble microbial by-product-like matters. the formation potential of a var ... | 2011 | 22019108 |
| observations on the mechanisms of attachment of some marine fouling blue-green algae. | using scanning electron microscopy (sem), differential interference contrast microscopy (dicm) and cytochemical staining techniques, preliminary observations have been made on the mechanisms of attachment of some common, marine, benthic fouling blue-green algae ("cyanobacteria") isolated into culture from various toxic and non-toxic surfaces in langstone harbour, south coast of england. blue-green algae investigated included species of calothrix, dermocarpa, plectonema, phormidium and xenococcus ... | 1996 | 22115109 |
| rapid surface plasmon resonance immunobiosensor assay for microcystin toxins in blue-green algae food supplements. | a surface plasmon resonance (spr) immunobiosensor assay was developed and validated to detect microcystin toxins in spirulina and aphanizomenon flos-aquae blue-green algae (bga) food supplements. a competitive inhibition spr-biosensor was developed using a monoclonal antibody to detect microcystin (mc) toxins. powdered bga samples were extracted with an aqueous methanolic solution, centrifuged and diluted in hbs-ep buffer prior to analysis. the assay was validated in accordance with the performa ... | 2011 | 21482261 |
| nitrogen conversion under rapid pyrolysis of two types of aquatic biomass and corresponding blends with coal. | rapid pyrolysis of two types of aquatic biomass (blue-green algae and water hyacinth), and their blends with two coals (bituminous and anthracite) was carried out in a high-frequency furnace. nitrogen conversions during rapid pyrolysis of the two biomass and the interactions between the biomass and coals on nitrogen conversions were investigated. results show that little nitrogen retained in char after the biomass pyrolysis, and nh(3) yields were higher than hcn. during co-pyrolysis of biomass a ... | 2011 | 21903383 |
| A Fungus Capable of Degrading Microcystin-LR in the Algal Culture of Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806. | Microcystins (MCs) are a family of natural toxins produced by cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Microbial degradation is considered an efficient method for eliminating cyanobacteria and MCs in environmental conditions. This study examines the ability of Trichaptum abietinum 1302BG, a white rot fungus, to degrade microcystin-LR in the harmful algal culture of Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806. Results showed that microcystin-LR could not be detected by high-performance liquid chromatography after 12 ... | 2011 | 22167691 |
| integrated bayesian network framework for modeling complex ecological issues. | the management of environmental problems is multifaceted, requiring varied and sometimes conflicting objectives and perspectives to be considered. bayesian network (bn) modeling facilitates the integration of information from diverse sources and is well suited to tackling the management challenges of complex environmental problems. however, combining several perspectives in one model can lead to large, unwieldy bns that are difficult to maintain and understand. conversely, an oversimplified mode ... | 2011 | 21853523 |
| variation of algal viability during electrochemical disinfection using ti/ruo2 electrodes. | this paper studied the influence of the operating conditions, e.g., current density, electrolyte and exposure time, on the variation of the algal viability during electrochemical disinfection processes. an electrochemical tube employing ti/ruo2 as anodes was constructed for inactivation of cyanobacteria (often called blue-green algae) microcystis aeruginosa. viability of algal cells was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazoliumchloride (ttc) dehydrogenase activity assay and neutral red (nr) stai ... | 2011 | 22053471 |
| odorous compounds in natural waters. some sulfur compounds associated with blue-green algae. | | 1967 | 22247995 |
| characteristic of algogenic organic matter and its effect on uf membrane fouling. | algogenic organic matter (aom) was extracted from blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) and its characteristic was determined by various methods including high-pressure size-exclusion chromatography (hp-sec), hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractionation, molecular weight (mw) fractionation and fluorescence excitation emission matrix (eem). the results revealed that aom was hydrophilic fractionation predominantly, accounting for 78%. the specific ultraviolet absorbance of aom was 1.1 l/(mg m) only. the a ... | 2011 | 22335112 |
| [early growth of phytoplankton community in dianshan lake]. | seasonal variation of phytoplankton community biomass (chla) in dianshan lake was simulated based on data of 2004-2009. the result showed that early growths of the phytoplankton community in spring and summer seasons could be well described by the logistic growth model. general speaking, phytoplankton community dominated by diatom and green algae may enter its exponential phase in the late february, doubling its density within 18 days, and reaching its maximum growth rate of 29.4 microg x (l x m ... | 2011 | 22295615 |