| decarboxylation performed by particulate fractions of two nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae. | | 1966 | 5971862 |
| the relationship of the hill reaction to photosynthesis: studies with fluoride-poisoned blue-green algae. | | 1966 | 5961833 |
| structure and function of respiratory membranes in cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). | | 1984 | 6433519 |
| [utilization of a method of growing microorganisms on millipore filters in order to study their structure with a scanning electron microscope]. | a comparative study of bacteria and their l-forms actinomyces and blue-green algae, taken from centrifugates and grown on millipore filters, was made with the use of scanning electron microscopy. the study revealed that only in the second case the location of the cells inside the colony was preserved and the architectonics of the colony remained unchanged. the anastomoses between the cells and slime on the cell surface, destroyed when other methods of making the preparations were used, could be ... | 1980 | 6771944 |
| photosynthetic electron transport in a cell-free preparation from the thermophilic blue-green alga phormidium laminosum. | 1. a cell-free preparation of membrane fragments was prepared from the thermophilic blue-green alga phormidium laminosum by lysozyme treatment of the cells followed by osmotic shock to lyse the spheroplasts. the membrane fragments showed high rates of photosynthetic electron transport and o2 evolution (180-250 mumol of o2/h per mg of chlorophyll a with 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone as electron acceptor). o2-evolution activity was stable provided that cations (e.g. 10mm-mg2+ or 100mm-na+) or glyc ... | 1980 | 6772163 |
| growth of legionella pneumophila in association with blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). | legionella pneumophila (legionnaires disease bacterium) of serogroup 1 was isolated from an algal-bacterial mat community growing at 45 degrees c in a man-made thermal effluent. this isolate was grown in mineral salts medium at 45 degrees c in association with the blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) fischerella sp. over a ph range of 6.9 to 7.6. l. pneumophila was apparently using algal extracellular products as its carbon and energy sources. these observations indicate that the temperature, ph, an ... | 1980 | 6769388 |
| protein-transients during heterocyst differentiation in anabaena circularis and cylindrospermum sp. | the programme of protein synthesis accompanying cellular differentiation to the heterocyst following transfer of the blue-green algae anabaena circularis and cylindrospermum sp. (cbsc 1755) from ammonia-enriched medium to nitorgen-free medium was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole proteins during successive intervals of differentiation. besides this, total proteins and soluble amino acids were determined quantitatively. at least 4 sets of proteins can be distinguished on t ... | 1980 | 6769261 |
| minor nucleotides in trna from blue-green algae [proceedings]. | | 1980 | 6768618 |
| biochemical studies on sporulation in blue-green algae. ii. factors affecting glycogen accumulation. | inorganic nitrogens sources like nitrate, nitrite enhanced sporulation and glycogen accumulation in anabaena sp. but ammonium chloride neither influenced sporulation nor glycogen accumulation. acetate and citrate also stimulated early sporulation and glycogen level was higher over nitrogen free control. nitrogen and carbon sources in combination proved to be useful in inducing early sporulation and increased content of glycogen. phosphate and calcium also affected glycogen accumulation significa ... | 1980 | 6776695 |
| effect of acetone on the toxicity of atrazine towards photosynthesis in anabaena. | the effect of acetone on the toxicity of atrazine towards photosynthesis in the blue-green algae anabaena inaequalis, a. variabilis and a. cylindrica was investigated. the order of sensitivity to atrazine was a. inaequalis greater than a. variabilis greater than a. cylindrica. acetone and atrazine interacted additively, antagonistically, and synergistically, depending upon the concentrations of acetone and atrazine used. the ec50 of atrazine towards photosynthesis was dependent upon the type of ... | 1981 | 6782150 |
| biochemical studies on sporulation in blue-green algae. iii. effect of amino acids on glycogen accumulation. | the effect of 21 amino acids was studied on glycogen accumulation during sporulation in the blue-green alga anabaena sp. all the amino acids enhanced the initial level of glycogen on the 4th day. the maximum amount of glycogen, on the 20th day, was noticed from l-methionine, l-tyrosine, glycine, and l-histidine supplemented cultures. others like l-serine, l-valine, l-asparagine, dl-alanine, l-glutamic acid, l-phenylalanine, l-aspartic acid, l-arginine, and dl-lysine come next in the order. on th ... | 1980 | 6784355 |
| effect of the carbamate insecticide sevin on anabaena sp. and westiellopsis prolifica. | effect of the insecticide sevin (50% w/v) was examined on survival, growth and nitrogen fixation of two filamentous blue-green algae, anabaena sp. and westiellopsis prolifica. lower concentration of the insecticide (10 micrograms/ml) increased survival, growth and nitrogen fixation while higher concentrations showed an inhibitory effect. | 1984 | 6443054 |
| fine structure of the cell wall of the cyanobacterium microcoleus vaginatus (vauch.) gomont. | the organization of the cell wall of microcoleus vaginatus (vauch.) gomont is described. the four layered wall possesses an unusual layer 2 (mucopolymer containing layer). this layer is 20 nm thick near the crosswall, but abruptly increases in thickness to 90 nm away from the crosswall. in many filaments a perforated sheet 20 nm in thickness was observed on the face of layer 2 which is toward the plasma membrane. it is suggested that this sheet represents an area of mobilization of mucopolymer f ... | 1981 | 6786835 |
| cell size and heterocyst differentiation in nostocacean blue-green algae. | cell size variations in three heterocystous blue-green algae, viz. nostoc muscorum (isu strain), n. muscorum (uw strain) and n. calcicola (a local isolate) have been surveyed under conditions permissive and non-permissive of heterocyst differentiation. a monomodal distribution pattern was observed for the two strains of n. muscorum under conditions not requiring heterocyst differentiation, while elemental nitrogen grown cultures retained a group of relatively larger cells in addition to this mod ... | 1980 | 6775879 |
| on the evolutionary descent of organisms and organelles: a global phylogeny based on a highly conserved structural core in small subunit ribosomal rna. | to probe the earliest evolutionary events attending the origin of the five known genome types (archaebacterial, eubacterial, nuclear, mitochondrial and plastid), we have analyzed sequences corresponding to a ubiquitous, highly conserved core of secondary structure in small subunit rrna. our results support (i) the existence of three primary lineages (archaebacterial, eubacterial, and nuclear), (ii) a specific eubacterial ancestry for plastids and mitochondria (plant, animal, fungal), and (iii) a ... | 1984 | 6462918 |
| the evolution of multi-isoacceptor trna families. sequence of trna leu caa and trna leu cag from anacystis nidulans. | two leucine trnas from the cyanophyte anacystis nidulans have been isolated, and their complete nucleotide sequences have been determined by combining data from oligonucleotide fingerprints and sequencing gels. the two sequences are 87 nucleotides long, have the anticodons caa and cag, and differ from each other at a total of 28 positions. they have been compared to other known trna leu sequences and incorporated into a phylogenetic tree comprising prokaryotic and chloroplastic trna leu sequence ... | 1981 | 6780549 |
| [spectral anisotropy of chloroplasts, subchloroplast particles and pigment-protein complexes]. | anisotropic properties of pea chloroplasts, subchloroplast fragments (photosystem 1 particles and pigment-protein complexes) and the blue-green algae oriented in polyacrylamide gel were investigated. it was shown that linear dichroism spectra of chloroplasts are the superposition of the corresponding spectra for the main light harvesting complex (hmlc) and p 700 chlorophyll a--protein complex (cp 1). anisotropic properties of the photosystem 1 particles and blue-green algae are mainly caused by ... | 1981 | 6789891 |
| sequence of morphological alterations in blue-green algae in the course of cyanophage infection. | electron microscopic studies were performed on the sequence of morphological alterations induced by the cyanophage pp-1 in the blue-green algae phormidium sp. and plectonema boryanum. the following phases of virus infection were made evident: virus adsorption onto the host cell; the presence of virus "ghosts", suggesting the penetration of viral dna into the cell and its multiplication in the nucleoplasm; invagination of thylakoids and formation of the "virogenic stroma"; virus maturation within ... | 1981 | 6787795 |
| the synthesis of acetylcholine by plants. | choline acetyltransferase was demonstrated in nettles (urtica dioica), peas (pisum sativum), spinach (spinacia oleracea), sunflower (helianthus annuus) and blue--green algae by using a sepharose--coash affinity column. the column effected a 1500-fold purification of the enzyme from nettle homogenates and was required for demonstrating activity in the other higher plants. demonstration of the enzyme in blue-green algae suggests that acetylcholine was a biochemical necessity in the earliest photos ... | 1981 | 6796060 |
| [poisoning in cattle caused by blue-green algae]. | this paper describes a case of poisoning by blue-green algae growing in a fresh water pond in goyena, provincia de buenos aires. the predominating algae were identified as microcystis aeruginosa. they show an intense growth when certain meteorologic condition prevail, in coincidence with certain chemical characteristics of the water. once this growth has occurred, the direction of the wind has a decisive role, because it determines the accumulation on the shore, increasing their concentration an ... | 1984 | 6443833 |
| blue-green algalike cells associated with the tunic of ciona intestinalis l. | certain organisms resembling blue-green algae embedded in the tunic of the solitary ascidian ciona intestinalis l. are described. their probable symbiotic role as related to the peculiar habitat of this ascidian is suggested. | 1980 | 6777043 |
| investigation of the presence of toxins produced by cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in the netherlands. | | 1981 | 6785881 |
| influence of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) on survival of legionella pneumophila in aerosols. | the fluid in which blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) (fischerella sp.) had been grown (algal extract) was investigated for its effect on aerosols of legionella pneumophila. the bacteria were significantly more stable when suspended in algal extract than in the tryptose-saline solution employed in previously reported experiments. the stabilizing property of the extract disappeared after dialysis, suggesting that a relatively small molecule was involved. the relationship of this observation to the ... | 1981 | 6788701 |
| [propagation of electrical potential changes in filamentous cyanobacteria]. | possible energy transmission along conjugating membranes was investigated. it was found by extracellular electrodes that under local illumination of blue-green algae phormidium uncinatum the electrical current propagated along trichomes. the form and sign of the responses show that e. m. f. appears in the illumination region, which generates on the cellular membrane the potential difference with a negative charge inside the cell. the initiated transmembrane potential difference propagates along ... | 1982 | 6803847 |
| hydrocarbons in green and blue-green algae. | liquid column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography were used to determine the total content of hydrocarbons and gas chromatography was used to evaluate composition of hydrocarbons in green algae (chlorella kessleri, c. vulgaris, chlorella sp., scenedesmus acutus, s. acuminatus, s. obliquus) and the blue-green alga (spirulina platensis) cultivated under autotrophic or heterotrophic conditions. in c. kessleri cultivated under heterotrophic conditions the content of hydrocarbons was found t ... | 1982 | 6816708 |
| the nucleotide sequence of blue-green algae phenylalanine-trna and the evolutionary origin of chloroplasts. | phenylalanine trna from the blue-green alga, agmenellum quadruplicatum, has been purified to homogeneity. the nucleotide sequence of this trna was determined to be: (see tests) comparisons of the sequence and the modified nucleosides of this trna with those of other trnaphes thus far sequenced, indicate that this blue green algal trnaphe is typically prokaryotic and closely resembles the chloroplast trnaphes of higher plants and euglena. the significance of this observation to the evolutionary o ... | 1982 | 6817301 |
| hemagglutination method for detection of freshwater cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) toxins. | strains of the freshwater cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) anabaena flosaquae and microcystis aeruginosa produced toxins that caused intermittent but repeated cases of livestock, waterfowl, and other animal deaths. they also caused illness, especially gastrointestinal, in humans. the most common group of toxins produced by these two species were peptide toxins termed microcystin, m. aeruginosa type c, and anatoxin-c. a method was found to detect the toxins which utilizes their ability to cause a ... | 1981 | 6787984 |
| effects of methionine sulphoximine on protein transients during heterocyst differentiation in anabaena and cylindrospermum spp. | heterocystous blue-green algae normally do not develop heterocysts if grown in the medium enriched with ammonium compounds. if such cultures are resuspended in a medium lacking combined nitrogen, the heterocysts differentiate within 24 h. l-methionine-dl-sulphoximine (mso) has been reported to induce heterocysts even in the presence of ammonium chloride. the changes in gel electrophoresis protein profiles of cultures developing heterocysts, in the ammonium chloride enriched medium supplemented w ... | 1982 | 6810560 |
| [analysis of the cable structure of blue-green algae]. | peculiarities of electrical responses under local illumination of filamentous cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). phormidium uncinatum were studied by means of extracellular electrodes. recording of electrical responses at different distances from the exposure place and comparison of these data with the results obtained on physical model of ph. uncinatum end expected response parameters computed made it possible to estimate the parameters of the cable which can serve as the object model: rc=440 c/ ... | 1982 | 6812650 |
| amino acid sequence of chlorogloeopsis fritschii ferredoxin: taxonomic and evolutionary aspects. | the amino acid sequence of chlorogloeopsis fritschii ferredoxin was determined for its carboxymethylated derivative by using solid-phase sequencing, fragmentation with various enzymes, and manual edman degradation procedures. the ferredoxin was composed of 98 amino acid residues and lacked methionine and tryptophan. the sequence was as follows: ala-thr-tyr-lys-val-thr-leu-ile-asn-asp-ala-glu- gly-leu-asn-gln-thr-ile-glu-val-asp-asp-asp-thr-tyr-ile-leu-asp-ala-ala-glu- glu-ala-gly-leu-asp-leu-pro ... | 1982 | 6818222 |
| [comparative evaluation of the vitamin composition of unicellular algae and higher plants grown under artificial conditions]. | the vitamin composition of representatives of green (chlorella vulgaris, platimonas viridis), blue-green (synechococcus elongatus, coccopedia, spirulina platensis, cyanidium caldarium), red (porphyridium cruentum) unicellular algae and higher plants (wheat, chufa, beet, carrot, turnip, radish, cucumber, dill, welsh onion, potato) grown under artificial conditions was examined. the content of b complex vitamins (thiamine, riboflavine, nicotinic and folic acids), ascorbic acid and carotene was mea ... | 1981 | 6801639 |
| amino acid sequence of synechocystis 6714 ferredoxin: a unique structural feature of unicellular blue-green algal ferredoxin. | the amino acid sequence of ferredoxin from synechocystis 6714, a unicellular blue-green alga, was determined by a combination of conventional methods. the ferredoxin was composed of 96 amino acid residues and lacked methionine and tryptophan. the sequence was as follows: ala-ser-tyr-thr-val-lys-leu-ile-thr- pro-asp-gly-glu-asn-ser-ile-glu-cys-ser-asp-asp-thr-tyr-ile-leu-asp-ala-ala- glu-glu-ala-gly-leu-asp-leu-pro-tyr-ser-cys-arg-ala-gly-ala-cys-ser-thr-cys- ala-gly-lys-ile-thr-ala-gly-ser-val-a ... | 1982 | 6818221 |
| muramic acid detection in mammalian tissues by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. | muramic acid is a component of the peptidoglycan moiety of cell walls of all bacteria and blue-green algae and is not found elsewhere in nature. a gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for muramic acid in tissue is described. the application of the method to the detection of muramic acid in tissues of rats with streptococcal cell wall-induced polyarthritis is demonstrated. because the method has the potential to measure total bacterial biomass in tissue, it should prove to be an impo ... | 1980 | 7011978 |
| phosphoglycerate kinase from spinach, blue-green algae, and yeast. | | 1982 | 6818417 |
| [identification of volatile metabolites produced by blue-green algae, oscillatoria splendida, o. amoena, o. geminata and aphanizomenon sp]. | | 1981 | 6820045 |
| [interaction of 2fe-2s-ferredoxins from plants and adrenal cortex with detergents]. | the interactions of 2fe-2s ferredoxins from bovine adrenal cortex, blue-green algae and leaves of three plant species with some positively and negatively charged as well as with uncharged detergents, have been studied. these interactions generally resulted in the destruction of active centers of ferredoxins represented by the 2fe-2s cluster. the role of oxidants (oxygen and potassium ferricyanide) in cluster destruction by detergents has been established. the opposite sensitivity of plant and an ... | 1995 | 7578561 |
| biotransformation of benzo[a]pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic analogs by several green algae and other algal species under gold and white light. | this laboratory has shown that the metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (bap), a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah), by a freshwater green alga, selenastrum capricornutum, under gold light proceeds through a dioxygenase pathway with subsequent conjugation and excretion. this study was undertaken to determine: (1) the effects of different light sources on the enzymatic or photochemical processes involved in the biotransformation of bap over a dose range of 5-1200 mg/l; (2) the phototoxici ... | 1995 | 7606812 |
| grahamimycins: antibiotics from cytospora sp. ehrenb. w.f.p.l. 13a. | aerobic fermentation of cultures of cytospora sp. ehrenb. w.f.p.l. 13a produces a group of novel, broad-spectrum, dilactone, macrocyclic antibiotics. these compounds, named grahamimycins, were isolated from the culture medium by extraction with organic solvents and separated by chromatography. three active components have been obtained in crystalline form and have been designated grahamimycins a, a1, and b. the most active of these, grahamimycin a, exhibited activity against 36 species of bacter ... | 1981 | 7247355 |
| the first reported outbreak of diarrheal illness associated with cyclospora in the united states. | to investigate and characterize the epidemiology of a diarrheal outbreak associated with a potentially new pathogen, cyclospora species (previously referred to as cyanobacteria [blue-green algae]-like bodies). | 1995 | 7639439 |
| inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity by extracts of cultured blue-green algae (cyanophyta). | lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts of over 900 strains of cultured blue-green algae (cyanophyta) were examined in vitro for their ability to inhibit the reverse transcriptases (rt) of avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) and human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (hiv-1). eighteen (2.0%) aqueous extracts showed activity against amv and hiv rts. the maximal level of rt inhibition achieved by some of the active extracts was equivalent to that measured for 3'-azido-2',3'-di-deoxythymidine (azt) at 668 n ... | 1993 | 7683817 |
| antimutagenic properties of fresh-water blue-green algae. | the antimutagenic properties of whole fresh-water blue-green algae aphanisomenon flos-aquae, marketed under the commercial name "alpha sun" were tested using the ames test. simultaneous addition of both algae and nitrovin (a mutagen) to the test medium did not reduce the mutagenic activity. on the other hand, addition of freeze-dried blue-green algae to the test medium 2-24 h before the application of mutagen reduced its mutagenic activity. | 1994 | 7729766 |
| probable role of blue-green algae in maintaining endemicity and seasonality of cholera in bangladesh: a hypothesis. | | 1994 | 7751564 |
| isolation of individual amino acids from various microbiological sources using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. | a new method for the preparative isolation of individual amino acids on a milligram scale based on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc) after pre-column derivatization with carbobenzoxychloride (z-cl) has been developed. the chromatographic procedure was tested by the investigation of jack bean urease hydrolysate. the method has been applied to the preparative separation of z-amino acids (from 10 up to 16) obtained from protein hydrolysates of various sources (green mi ... | 1995 | 7795801 |
| [in vitro repair of gamma-irradiated transforming bacillus subtilis dna by extracts of blue-green algae]. | a cell-free extract from blue-green alga anacystis nidulans contains enzymes which repair in vitro the transforming activity of gamma-irradiated bacillus subtilis dna. the level of restoration of the transforming activity depends on the protein concentration in the reaction mixture, the duration of incubation and on the dose of irradiation. the repair of gamma-induced lesions is most efficient in the presence of magnesium ions, nad and atp. the present data indicate that the repair of transformi ... | 1982 | 6806146 |
| [blue-green algae as a cause of human disease]. | blue-green algae can cause significant public health problems. there is an abundance of scientific literature on their effects, but much of it either reports laboratory studies of toxicological effects or discusses practical problems affecting water supply. there are many reports of poisonings of farm animals and wildlife, and a number of reports of adverse health effects in humans, but the effects of blue-green algae on human health do not seem to have attracted serious attention amongst practi ... | 1994 | 8079249 |
| hazardous freshwater cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). | | 1993 | 8099388 |
| hepatic necrosis in sheep associated with ingestion of blue-green algae. | | 1993 | 8116173 |
| isolation and functional reconstitution of a phosphate binding protein of the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans induced during phosphate-limited growth. | adaptation of the blue-green algae anacystis nidulans to phosphate-deficient growth leads to the expression of two membrane proteins, which appear as major constituents after separation by gel electrophoresis. one of these proteins, referred to as high affinity phosphate binding protein, has been isolated and its function reconstituted in liposomes. partial sequencing showed no significant homologies to other proteins. the binding capacity of the proteoliposomes could be inhibited by arsenate bu ... | 1994 | 8119882 |
| [molecular nitrogen fixation in the waters of eutrophic and polyhuic lakes of the estonian ssr]. | a modified acetylene technique was used to assay the rate of molecular nitrogen fixation in estonian lakes containing methane in the hypolimnion. methods were elaborated to eliminate ethylene cooxidation by methane oxidizing bacteria. methane oxidation and nitrogen fixation were found in a narrow microaerobic zone in lakes with the stratification of temperature in the water mass; these biochemical processes occurred when the content of dissolved oxygen varied within the range of 0.1 to 0.8 mg o2 ... | 1980 | 7412622 |
| hepatic ultrastructural changes induced by the toxin microcystin-lr (mclr) in mice. | microcystin-lr (mclr) is a cyclic heptapeptide produced by the blue-green algae microcystis aeruginosa. it is highly toxic and causes death in rodents due to hypovolemic shock with associated intrahepatic hemorrhage. the molecular mechanism of toxicity is unknown. in order to provide additional information regarding the toxicity of mclr, the ultrastructural changes present in livers of mice following the administration of 100 micrograms mclr/kg intraperitoneally, (i.p.) were examined. time-depen ... | 1993 | 8189358 |
| tubular elements in plastids in the female gamete of a fern, pteris ensiformis. | highly dedifferentiated plastids in the egg cells of the fern pteris ensiformis contain tubules with an external diameter of about 36 nm and an internal of 12 nm. the tubules are unlike those described from other eukaryotic plastids, but, although larger, have some resemblance to the rhapidosomes of blue-green algae. | 1982 | 7200014 |
| rapid growth of lymnaea viridis, the intermediate host of fasciola hepatica, under laboratory conditions. | reported in this communication is a unusually rapid growth of lymnaea viridis, the intermediate host of fasciola hepatica, maintained in the laboratory for experimental purposes. when the snails were fed on blue-green algae at about 20 degrees c, they attained a shell length of 12 mm in 37 days from the date of hatching. the snails began laying eggs from 18 to 24 days following hatching. | 1994 | 8171836 |
| illness associated with blue-green algae. | | 1993 | 8341201 |
| [synthesis of acyclic 1,3-polyols and its application to structural study of natural products]. | a 1,3-polyhydroxylated chain is often found on the backbone of biologically important natural products. the acyclic nature and the regular array of many hydroxyl groups are main obstacles to structural and synthetic studies, and many efforts have been made to this end. we have developed a new general synthetic method of 1,3-polyols based on the coupling of a chiral dithiane, a four-carbon unit, and an epoxide, followed by 1,3-diastereoselective reduction. we applied the method to the synthesis o ... | 1993 | 8355146 |
| [cyclic peptide hepatotoxins from spring water cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) from blooming water sources in the ukraine and in the european part of russia]. | | 1993 | 8358312 |
| clinical and pathologic findings of blue-green algae (microcystis aeruginosa) intoxication in a dog. | a healthy dog developed signs of lethargy and vomiting after ingesting water from a tide pool containing blue-green algae. fulminant hepatic failure occurred, and the dog was euthanized 52 hours later. at necropsy, the liver was large, friable, and discolored a dark red. histopathology showed hepatocyte dissociation, degeneration, and necrosis. the alga was identified as microcystis aeruginosa, a known hepatotoxin. the intraperitoneal administration of lyophilized cell material from the bloom ca ... | 1993 | 8373855 |
| response of a wild type and a non-nitrogen-fixing mutant of anabaena doliolum towards different amino acids. | the effects of various amino acids on growth and heterocyst differentiation have been studied on wild type and a heterocystous, non-nitrogen-fixing (het+ nif-) mutant of anabaena doliolum. glutamine, arginine and asparagine showed maximum stimulation of growth. serine, proline and alanine elicited slight stimulation of growth of wild type but failed to show any stimulatory effect on mutant strain. valine, glutamic acid, iso-leucine and leucine at a concentration of as low as 0.1 mm were inhibito ... | 1981 | 6792797 |
| the genes in the thermophilic cyanobacterium synechococcus vulcanus encoding cytochrome-c oxidase. | it is still controversial whether cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) contain an aa3-type cytochrome-c oxidase. we have approached this problem using dna analysis. using a dna probe coding for the most conserved part of subunit i of the bacillus enzymes, structural genes for the oxidase of a thermophilic cyanobacterium synechococcus vulcanus were cloned and sequenced. we found genes for subunits ii, i, iii and iv of this order like those of the bacillus enzymes, and a terminator structure after the ... | 1993 | 8399373 |
| enzymatic analysis of liver samples from rainbow trout for diagnosis of blue-green algae-induced toxicosis. | microcystin and related toxic peptides produced by cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are potent and selective inhibitors of protein phosphatases 1 and 2a. we adapted existing enzymatic techniques to analyze the liver of rainbow trout after oral administration of hepatotoxic cyanobacteria. liver tissue was removed 3 and 12 hours after treatment, and phosphatase activity was determined in liver extracts, using a specific phosphoprotein substrate. in all samples from fish exposed to toxic cyanobacte ... | 1995 | 8533985 |
| biliary excretion of biochemically active cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) hepatotoxins in fish. | previous reports demonstrated that microcystin and related cyanobacteria polypeptides are rapidly cleared from plasma and accumulate in liver tissue. in the present study, we have used their ability to inhibit protein phosphatases to show that these cyanobacteria hepatotoxins are excreted into the bile of experimentally poisoned rainbow trout. at various times after oral administration of hepatotoxic microcystis aeruginosa, bile samples were analysed for microcystin content by methanol extractio ... | 1996 | 8571383 |
| colonization and bionomics of forcipomyia taiwana (diptera:ceratopogonidae) in the laboratory. | an improvement in colonizing the biting midge forcipomyia taiwana (shiraki) was achieved by a new technique that facilitated the rearing of the midges and induced them to mate in the laboratory. at temperature of 15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees c, the development duration of the egg, 4 larval instars, and pupa decreased as temperature increased. among 7 different diets, the blue green algae, anabaena sp.ch3, was the best food for rearing the midges. when the larvae were fed on the blue green algae at ... | 1996 | 8667393 |
| cyanobacterial (blue-green algae) poisoning of livestock in the western cape province of south africa. | three outbreaks of cyanobacterial (blue-green algae) poisoning involving cattle and sheep are described. in 2 of these acute mortality was followed by photodermatitis in some of the surviving animals. in all 3 outbreaks the hepatotoxicity of the water collected from the dams where the animals had been drinking was confirmed following the intraperitoneal administration to mice. nodularia spumigena was the dominant cyanobacterium in the first 2 outbreaks, and microcystis aeruginosa in the third. t ... | 1995 | 8691420 |
| reversible effects of okadaic acid and microcystin-lr on the atp-dependent interaction between actin and myosin. | okadaic acid, a toxin from black sponge, and microcystin-lr, a toxin from blue-green algae, were found to stimulate and inhibit, respectively, the actin-activated atpase activity of skeletal muscle myosin. these effects were confirmed by monitoring the sliding movement of actin-filaments on myosin. this technique also enabled us to demonstrate the reversibility of these effects, a property that is essential for their use as a pharmacological tool for the analysis of the mechanochemical character ... | 1995 | 7629015 |
| cyclic peptides and depsipeptides from cyanobacteria: a review. | an elaborate array of structurally-novel and biologically-active cyclic peptides and depsipeptides are found in blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). several of these compounds possess structures that are similar to those of natural products from marine invertebrates. most of these cyclic peptides and depsipeptides, such as the microcystins and the lyngbyatoxins, will probably only be useful as biochemical research tools. a few, however, have the potential for development into useful commercial prod ... | 1996 | 8730577 |
| characterization of anopheles darlingi (diptera: culicidae) larval habitats in belize, central america. | surveys for larvae of anopheles darlingi root were conducted in april, may, and august 1994 in riverine habitats of central belize (cayo and belize districts). an. darlingi was present during both the dry and wet seasons. larvae were encountered most frequently in patches of floating debris along river margins. the floating mats were often formed by bamboo hanging over the banks and dense submersed bamboo roots. larvae were found less frequently in lake margins, small lagoons, and ground pools w ... | 1996 | 8742522 |
| phylogenetic spectrum of fungi that are pathogenic to humans. | recent phylogenetic studies based on ribosomal rna sequences have confirmed that the organisms traditionally treated as fungi include those that have evolved from several different lines (multiphyletic organisms), as has been suspected. even organisms causing disease in humans represent at least two evolutional lines. pythium insidiosum and prototheca species are both believed to have evolved from one line, while the rest of the pathogens have evolved from another line. p. insidiosum is more clo ... | 1994 | 7948565 |
| the substrate specificity of tocopherol cyclase. | the substrate specificity of the enzyme tocopherol cyclase from the blue-green algae anabaena variabilis (cyanobacteria) was investigated with 11 substrate analogues revealing the significance of three major recognition sites: (i) the oh group at c(1) of the hydroquinone, (ii) the (e) configuration of the double bond, and (iii) the length of the lipophilic side chain. experiments with two affinity matrices suggest that substrates approach the enzyme's active site with the hydrophobic tail. | 1996 | 8831985 |
| paralytic shellfish poisons from freshwater blue-green algae. | | 1993 | 8377696 |
| structure-function relationships in the dual-function photosynthetic-respiratory electron-transport assembly of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). | | 1996 | 8878835 |
| photosynthetic electron transport in thylakoid preparations from two marine red algae (rhodophyta). | thylakoid membrane preparations active in photosynthetic electron transport have been obtained from two marine red algae, griffithsia monilis and anotrichium tenue. high concentrations (0.5-1.0 m) of salts such as phosphate, citrate, succinate and tartrate stabilized functional binding of phycobilisomes to the membrane and also stabilized photosystem ii-catalysed electron-transport activity. high concentrations (1.0 m) of chloride and nitrate, or 30 mm-tricine/naoh buffer (ph 7.2) in the absence ... | 1983 | 6860312 |
| the reason for as well as the consequence of the cambrian explosion in animal evolution. | the first 1 billion years of our 4.5-billion-year-old planet were extremely violent, characterized by constant meteorite bombardment. therefore, it is with a great surprise that we note that cellular life flourished 3.5 billion years ago. it appears that the cellular life came into being as soon as the earth's environment became hospitable. because the main ingredient of the archean sea was sodium bicarbonate, neither archeobacteria nor eubacteria but rather photosynthesizing organisms dominated ... | 1997 | 9071008 |
| aplysiatoxin and debromoaplysiatoxin as the causative agents of a red alga gracilaria coronopifolia poisoning in hawaii. | the causative toxins of a red alga gracilaria coronopifolia poisonings in hawaii, which broke out in succession in september of 1994, were studied. two major toxins were isolated from both extracts of the two original algal samples which caused separate poisonings. by spectroscopic method, these toxins were shown to be completely identical with aplysiatoxin and debromoaplysiatoxin which have previously been obtained from the sea hare and also from blue green algae. the human symptoms and the amo ... | 1996 | 8843576 |
| detection of an anatoxin-a(s)-like anticholinesterase in natural blooms and cultures of cyanobacteria/blue-green algae from danish lakes and in the stomach contents of poisoned birds. | ten natural bloom samples of cyanobacteria from the danish lakes knud sø (5), ravn sø (4), and salten langsø (1) collected during 1993-1995 were assayed for toxicity by mouse bioassay, for acetylcholinesterase inhibiting activity by a colorimetric method, and for microcystins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. in the mouse bioassay, seven samples were neurotoxic, two were non-toxic and one gave a protracted toxic response. one of the non-toxic and the single protracted toxic sample both conta ... | 1997 | 9241784 |
| anatoxin-a in irish freshwater and cyanobacteria, determined using a new fluorimetric liquid chromatographic method. | a new sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (hplc) method was used to determine anatoxin-a in freshwater, following blooms of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). anatoxin-a was converted into a highly fluorescent derivative using 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole and hplc analysis gave good linear calibrations even at low concentration ranges (1-10 micrograms/liter, r = 0.997). the detection limit for anatoxin-a was 0.02 ng/ml, and this new hplc method should prove useful for the r ... | 1997 | 9241789 |
| a multitype branching process model for blue-green algae. | in this article, a multitype branching process is proposed for the behavior of populations of linear clusters of cells. the main results concern the asymptotic cluster size distribution. | 1997 | 9309931 |
| detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria by use of paramagnetic beads for cell concentration and dna purification. | early detection of water blooms caused by potential toxin-producing cyanobacteria is important in environmental monitoring. we present a new nucleic acid-based method for detection of cyanobacteria in water that utilizes the same paramagnetic solid phase (beads) for both bacterial cell concentration and subsequent dna purification. in the cell concentration step, the beads were attracted to a magnet after cell adsorption (in an alcohol- and salt-containing solution), and the supernatant was remo ... | 1998 | 9435059 |
| protein phosphatase activity in cyanobacteria: consequences for microcystin toxicity analysis. | hepatotoxic microcystin levels in cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) were assessed by an assay based on inhibition of protein phosphatases type 1 (pp1) and type 2a (pp2a) in crude chicken forebrain extracts using 32p-labelled glycogen phosphorylase as substrate. while cyanobacteria are reported to be devoid of phosphorylase phosphatase activity, two samples obtained from cyanobacterial scums, containing predominantly anabaena circinalis, were found to contain high levels of a phosphorylase phospha ... | 1993 | 8266349 |
| action of tolytoxin on cell morphology, cytoskeletal organization, and actin polymerization. | tolytoxin, a cytostatic, antifungal macrolide produced by blue-green algae of the genus scytonema, is a potent, reversible inhibitor of cytokinesis in cultured mammalian cells. treatment of kb cells with 2-16 nm tolytoxin results in profound morphological changes, beginning with the formation of zeiotic processes and culminating in nuclear protrusion. in l1210 cells, cytokinesis is inhibited by as little as 2 nm tolytoxin, while karyokinesis proceeds normally, resulting in polynucleation. tolyto ... | 1993 | 8319266 |
| separation of toxic peptides (microcystins) in capillary electrophoresis, with the aid of organic mobile phase modifiers. | a capillary electrophoretic (ce) method incorporating sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds)-organic modifier solvents in the ce buffer was developed for the detection of toxic cyclic heptapeptide toxins (microcystins) produced by blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). the applicability of these run buffers for the analysis of microcystins was evaluated and optimum conditions for separation were determined. the migration times, elution order and selectivity of the toxic peptides were influenced by modifying t ... | 1996 | 8921598 |
| [cyanobacteria, their toxins and health risks]. | cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) commonly occur in fresh and brackish water where they produce blooms under certain environmental and climatic conditions. since some species produce neurotoxins, hepatotoxins, cytotoxins, and endotoxins, blooms can be hazardous for animal and human health. several cases of human cyanobacterial poisoning have been documented, but accurate assessment of the risk is difficult for lack of knowledge concerning exposure levels and the incidence of this kind of poisonin ... | 1995 | 8830224 |
| the notion of the cambrian pananimalia genome. | the toil by photosynthesizing cyanobacteria and blue-green algae of nearly three billion years appeared to have finally resulted in the sufficient accumulation of molecular oxygen. so, the stage was set for the emergence, at the ocean bottom, of diverse animals that were consumers of molecular oxygen. it now appears that this cambrian explosion, during which nearly all the extant animal phyla have emerged, was of an astonishingly short duration, lasting only 6-10 million years. inasmuch as only ... | 1996 | 8710894 |
| antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of c-phycocyanin from blue-green algae. | phycocyanin is a pigment found in blue-green algae which contains open chain tetrapyrroles with possible scavenging properties. we have studied its antioxidant properties. | 1998 | 9495584 |
| studies on oxidative damage induced by cyanobacteria extract in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. | contamination of water by cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) is a serious health problem around the world, largely due to the toxic effects of microcystins, a group of potent hepatotoxins. however, the mechanisms responsible for the cytotoxicity of microcystins have not been fully elucidated. in the present study, oxidative damage caused by lyophilized freshwater cyanobacteria extract was evaluated on primary cultured rat hepatocytes. a time- and dose-dependent increase of lactate dehydrogenase (l ... | 1998 | 9630440 |
| measurement of coherent debye-waller factor in in vivo deuterated c-phycocyanin by inelastic neutron scattering. | quasielastic neutron scattering measurements of dry and 35% d2o hydrated amorphous protein powder of c-phycocyanin were made as a function of temperature ranging from 313k down to 100k. the protein is grown from blue-green algae cultured in d2o and is deuterated up to 99%. the scattering is thus dominated by coherent scattering. within the best energy resolution of the time-of-flight instrument, which is 28 muev fwhm, the scattering appears entirely elastic. for this reason we are able to extrac ... | 1997 | 9083683 |
| microcystin toxicosis in cattle due to overgrowth of blue-green algae. | toxicosis due to microcystin-containing blue-green algae has been sporadically reported in a variety of animal species. most reports of intoxication involve algal blooms during periods of warm temperatures and abundant sunshine in the spring or early summer. a case of blue-green algae toxicosis with lesions attributable to toxins from microcystis aeruginosa is described in 4 cattle from southern georgia during november. the case was unusual in that characteristic hepatic necrosis was accompanied ... | 1998 | 9467204 |
| fatal microcystin intoxication in haemodialysis unit in caruaru, brazil. | after a drought in february, 1996, all 126 patients in a haemodialysis unit in caruaru, north-east brazil, developed signs and symptoms of acute neurotoxicity and subacute hepatotoxicity following the use of water from a lake with massive growth of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). 60 patients died. | 1998 | 9800741 |
| blue-green algae toxicosis in cattle. | twenty-four of 175 heifers died after ingesting water from a stock pond containing blue-green algae (genus microcystis) in southern colorado. affected cattle were found dead or had signs of nervousness, and were recumbent, weak, anorectic, and hypersensitive to noise when first examined. all cattle died within 3 days after the onset of signs. at necropsy, the rumen contained blue-green algae, and the liver was larger than normal, friable, and dark red. the most important histologic lesion was he ... | 1998 | 9838962 |
| health effects of exposure to cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) during recreational water-related activities. | the aim of this study was to investigate effects on health of exposure to cyanobacteria as a result of recreational water activities. participants, who were aged six years and over, were interviewed at water recreation sites in south australia, new south wales and victoria on selected sundays during january and february 1995. telephone follow-up was conducted two and seven days later to record any subsequent diarrhoea, vomiting, flu-like symptoms, skin rashes, mouth ulcers, fevers and eye or ear ... | 1997 | 9470258 |
| reclamation with cyanobacteria: toxic effect of mercury contaminated waste soil on biochemical variables. | during an attempt to decrease the toxicity of industrial waste (soil) from a chloralkali factory by blue-green algae, the effect of the waste soil mixed in varying proportions with garden soil, on biochemical variables was studied. the nucleic acid, protein and free amino acid content of the algae decreased significantly with increasing time and waste soil concentration. the algae accumulated a substantial amount of mercury from the medium depending on the duration of algal growth and waste soil ... | 1997 | 9693887 |
| selenium bioaccumulation by the water boatman trichocorixa reticulata (guerin-meneville). | the input of selenium from subsurface agricultural drainage into surface water systems can result in the accumulation of toxic concentrations of selenium in aquatic food chains. elevated selenium concentrations in aquatic systems is a significant environmental problem in many areas of the united states. a laboratory investigation was conducted to determine the dominant route of selenium bioaccumulation by the corixid trichocorixa reticulata, an important food chain organism. the roles of waterbo ... | 1999 | 10047597 |
| the toxicity of cyanobacterial toxins in the mouse: i microcystin-lr. | blooms of cyanobacteria or blue-green algae are known to have caused poisoning in fish, waterfowl, animals and man. one of the toxins responsible for this is the hepatotoxin microcystin-lr which has been found to occur in blooms present intermittently in sources used for domestic water supplies. three sets of experiments were undertaken to investigate the acute toxicity of microcystin-lr in mice and rats by the oral and intraperitoneal routes, the potential for effects on foetal development in t ... | 1999 | 10215106 |
| cyanobacterial (blue-green algae) contamination in drinking water and perinatal outcomes. | the aim of this ecological study was to examine the relationship between potential cyanobacterial exposure through drinking water during pregnancy and birth outcomes. | 1999 | 10330729 |
| cryptophycin 1 cellular levels and effects in vitro using l1210 cells. | cryptophycin 1 is a natural product that was initially isolated from blue-green algae which has shown potent broad spectrum antitumor activity in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models. the drug strongly binds to tubulin and disrupts microtubule assembly for more than 24 hours after its removal. we evaluated cell survival, intracellular levels and inhibition of macromolecular synthesis in l1210 cells following exposure to cryptophycin 1 in vitro. cell survival was strongly inhibited following d ... | 1998 | 10360599 |
| genotoxicity of microcystic cyanobacteria extract of a water source in china. | the water pollution of toxic cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) is a worldwide problem and worsens with industrialization. microcystins are potent cyclic heptapeptidic hepatotoxins produced mainly by microcystis aeruginosa, and their hepatotoxicity has been well-documented. in contrast, information on the genotoxic effects of microcystins is relatively scarce. in our present study, the genotoxicity of microcystic cyanobacteria extract (mce) of a water source in china was studied using salmonella t ... | 1999 | 10393275 |
| further studies on anti-inflammatory activity of phycocyanin in some animal models of inflammation. | to examine the effects of c-phycocyanin, a pigment found in blue-green algae which acts as an antioxidant in vitro and in vivo, in different animal models of inflammation. | 1998 | 9754867 |
| larvicidal properties of the cyanobacterium westiellopsis sp. (blue-green algae) against mosquito vectors. | | 1999 | 10492746 |
| identification of an atp-binding cassette transporter involved in bicarbonate uptake in the cyanobacterium synechococcus sp. strain pcc 7942. | exposure of cells of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) grown under high-co(2) conditions to inorganic c-limitation induces transcription of particular genes and expression of high-affinity co(2) and hco(3)(-) transport systems. among the low-co(2)-inducible transcription units of synechococcus sp. strain pcc 7942 is the cmpabcd operon, encoding an atp-binding cassette transporter similar to the nitrate/nitrite transporter of the same cyanobacterium. a nitrogen-regulated promoter was used to selec ... | 1999 | 10557362 |
| the first evidence of paralytic shellfish toxins in the fresh water cyanobacterium cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, isolated from brazil. | the blooms of toxic cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are causing problems in many countries. during a screening of toxic freshwater cyanobacteria in brazil, three strains isolated from the state of sao paulo were found toxic by the mouse bioassay. they all were identified as cylindrospermopsis raciborskii by a close morphological examination. extracts of cultured cells caused acute death to mice when injected intraperitoneally after developing neurotoxic symptoms which resembled to those caused ... | 1999 | 10414862 |
| isolation and characterization of a mannan-binding lectin from the freshwater cyanobacterium (blue-green algae) microcystis viridis. | microcystis viridis nies-102 strain, a unicellular freshwater bloom-forming cyanobacterium, showed transient hemagglutinating activity in laboratory culture during stationary phase under nonaeration conditions. however, the hemagglutinating activity which was inhibited with yeast mannan could not be observed during culture with aeration. a mannan-binding lectin named mvl was isolated with the assay of the hemagglutinating activity against rabbit erythrocytes from the cyanobacterium by successive ... | 1999 | 10600484 |
| amelioration of fly-ash by selected nitrogen fixing blue green algae. | | 2000 | 10656898 |