Publications

[production of vitamin b 12 by a blue-green alga].	in this study, we have been able to demonstrate the production and liberation of vitamin b12 (up to 16.5 pg/ml after 31 days of growth) by a blue green alga. anabaena flos-aquae, in non-axenic and axenic cultures. this finding has a relevant ecological significance since it shows that, like bacteria, blue green algae may play a role as producers of vitamin b12.	1978	106945
[amino acid composition and transaminase activity in fish tissues, in a medium containing cyanophyceae].	the content of free amino acids, activity of aspartate and alanine transaminase, number of sulphydryl groups in fish tissues were studied as affected by lethal amounts (3.2 g/l) of blue-green algae. blue-green algae have a certain affect on fishes not only by excreting biologically active substances in the process of vital activity and decay but also changing the gas regime of the medium (the oxygen content lowers, the amount of carbon dioxide increases). under the algae effect the total content ...	1978	107639
tolerance of aureofungin and streptocycline by n-fixing blue-green algae.		1978	109422
resonance raman spectroscopy of chlorophyll-protein complexes.	resonance raman spectra of chlorophyll a (chl a) and of chl b were selectively obtained, at low temperature, from chlorophyll-protein complexes prepared from green and blue-green algae and from higher plants. antenna chl a in the chl a-p700-protein complexes (cp i) and in the light-harvesting chl a/b-protein complexes (cp ii gives resonance raman spectra extremely close in all their features to those previously obtained from intact cells and chloroplasts. in particular, the same multiplicity of ...	1978	110567
spectra of cells in flow cytometry using a vidicon detector.	a tv type vidicon detector was interfaced to a flow cytometer (fcm) to obtain spectra of fluorophores in cells during flow. the normal operations of the fcm are undisturbed. a spectrograph spreads 320 nm of the fluorophore fluorescence emission across the 500 channels of the detector. spectra of fluorescamine (a surface labeling agent) and of propidium iodide (a nuclear stain) were obtained from balb 3t3 cells, and the chlorophyll and phycobilin peaks were resolved from flowing blue-green algae ...	1979	110874
the electrophoretic isolation and partial characterization of three chlorophyll-protein complexes from blue-green algae.	three chlorophyll-protein complexes have been resolved from blue-green algae using an improved procedure for membrane solubilization and electrophoretic fractionation. one complex has a red absorbance maximum of 676 nm and a molecular weight equivalency of 255 000 +/- 15 000. a second complex has an absorbance maximum of 676 nm, a molecular weight equivalency of 118 000 +/- 8000, and resembles the previously described p-700-chlorophyll a-protein (cpi) of higher plants and algae. the third chloro ...	1979	111710
[resolution of the structure of the absorption spectrum of blue-green algae by a method of measuring the 2d derivative at -196 degrees c].	by measuring the 2nd derivative at -196 degrees c the thin structure of the absorption spectrum of intact cells, isolated in phycobilisomes and pure pigments of blue-green algae anabaena variabilis and aphanizomanon flos-aquae is shown. 8 absorption bands in the region 669--710 nm pertaining to chlorophyll a in different aggregation region were found. almost the same number of bands were found in the region 550--660 nm. the latter were conditioned by the absorption of allophycocyanin, phycocyani ...	1979	111718
herbicidins c and e, two new necleoside antibiotics.	streptomyces saganonensis no. 4075 used for production of herbicidins a and b has also produced other two antibiotics, herbicidins c and e in submerged culture. isolation of the antibiotics was performed by adsorption on resinous adsorbent followed by elution with aqueous meoh and completed by silica-gel chromatography. physico-chemical characteriation revealed that herbicidins c and e are new nucleoside antibiotics having an adenine moiety in their structures. herbicidins c and e indicated inhi ...	1979	117003
[extracellular metabolites and the satellite bacteria of blue-green algae].		1979	117285
[immunostimulating activity of the lipopolysaccharides of blue-green algae].	the whole cells of blue-gree algae and lipopolysaccharides isolated from these cells were shown to stimulate the production of macro-(mainly) and microglobulin antibodies in rabbits. the macro- and microphage indices in rabbits increased significantly after the injection of lps isolated from blue-green algae 24--48 hours before infecting the animals with a virulent y. pseudotuberculosis strain. besides, the inhibiting action of this strain on the migration of phagocytes to the site of infection ...	1979	117655
influence of pesticides on the growth of cyanobacteria.	two unicellular and two filamentous cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) were exposed under conditions optimal for photoautotrophic growth to eleven pesticides. low concentrations (0.01 to 5 ppm) of diuron, atrazine, and paraquat inhibited growth. with mcpa, mcpp, 2,4-d, milstem and ethrel, marked inhibitory effects were achieved only at concentrations above 100 ppm. growth was inhibited by glyphosate, ddt, and thiram at intermediate concentrations. in some cases, the effective concentration of the ...	1979	120640
biochemical studies on sporulation in blue-green algae. i. glycogen accumulation.	glycogen accumulation in vegetative cells of anabaena sp. is demonstrated to be a light-dependent process. no glycogen accumulation is found in dark or in cultures supplemented with 10(-5) m dcmu in light. large quantities of glycogen accumulate in cells undergoing sporulation and the amount increased with the onset of maturation of spores.	1979	121000
phycobilisomes from the blue-green algae aphanizomenon flos-aquae and anabaena variabilis.	phycobilisomes (pbs) were isolated from aphanizomenon flos-aquae and anabaena variabilis. the absorption spectra and second derivative of the absorption spectra of isolated pbs indicate the presence of phycoerythrocyanin, and allophycocyanin. the fluorescence spectra of pbs were measured at room temperature and -196 degrees c. undamaged pbs have the principal fluorescence maximum in the region of 660 nm at room temperature and in the region of 685-690 nm at -196 degrees. when the pbs were heated ...	1979	121545
studies on allergenic algae of delhi area: botanical aspects.	to study distribution of algae in and around delhi aerobiological surveys were undertaken for two consecutive years (september, 1972, to august, 1974). the surveys were accomplished by (a) slide exposure method and (b) culture plate exposure method. a total of 850 slides were exposed using durham's gravity sampling device. of these, 560 slides were exposed during 1973 (272 slides at two meter and 288 at ten meter height) and the rest (290 slides) were exposed during 1974 at ten meter height. a t ...	1979	107835
[some physico-chemical properties of the compact chromosome of ananbaena variabilis].	it was shown that total dna of the blue-green algae a. variabilis can be isolated as a compact particle with the sedimentation constant of 2700--2900s by lysis of the cells with the tritonx-100--sodium deoxycholate mixture in 1.0 m nacl. the structure isolated is sensitive to ribonuclease and the hydrodynamic shift. it was found that within a compact chromosome a. variabilis dna is circular and negatively superhelicized. the density of superturns of the dna in 0,2 m nacl at 20 degrees c is 0,061 ...	1979	107975
histidine sensitive variant of the blue-green alga nostoc muscorum: response to corepressors of histidine biosynthesis.	a model has been proposed to account for growth inhibition by l-histidine in a variant strain of nostoc muscorum. this strain has been characterized for its response to 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole-3-alanine known to act as false core-pressors of the histidine biosynthesis genes. the histidine sensitive strain retained its sensitivity to triazole alanine while the inhibitory effects of aminotriazole were much reduced indicating a change in regulation of his genes. the probable inter ...	1979	108514
sulfide inhibition of photosystem ii in cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and tobacco chloroplasts.	the present study shows that in the presence of 600 nm light, sulfide acts as a specific inhibitor of photosynthetic electron transport between water and photosystem ii in the cyanobacteria aphanothece halophytica and synechococcus 6311 as well as in tobacco chloroplasts. in the presence of 600 nm light sulfied affects the fast fluorescence transients as does a low concentration (10 mm) of hydroxylamine; the fluorescence yield decreases in the presence of either chemical and can be restored by t ...	1979	109120
[skin lesions caused by contact with blue-green algae].		1979	156475
effect of growth temperature on lipid and fatty acid compositions in the blue-green algae, anabaena variabilis and anacystis nidulans.	the lipid composition was affected by growth temperature in anacystis nidulans, but was not in anabaena variabilis. a. variabilis contained fatty acids of 18 and 16 carbon atoms, which were localized at 1- and 2-positions, respectively, of the glycerol moiety of lipids. desaturation of c18 acids was affected by the growth temperature. a. nidulans contained fatty acids of 14, 16 and 18 carbon atoms. monounsaturated and saturated acids were esterified mainly to 1- and 2-position, respectively. des ...	1979	104734
[characteristics of the proteins of unicellular organisms as potential components of ecological life-support systems].	a comparative characterization of the biological value of proteins from green and blue-green algae, bacteria, and microbial coenosis of straw mineralizing active sludge is given with respect to the fractional composition of total protein, its amino acid composition, and affinity for proteolytic enzymes in vitro. the above microorganisms have an adequate amino acid composition, a high content of essential amino acids, and differ in their content of readily soluble proteins. the presence of protei ...	1979	36502
from extracellular to intracellular: the establishment of mitochondria and chloroplasts.	paracoccus and rhodopseudomonas are unusual among bacteria in having a majority of the biochemical features of mitochondria; blue-green algae have many of the features of chloroplasts. the theory of serial endosymbiosis proposes that a primitive eukaryote successively took up bacteria and blue-green algae to yield mitochondria and chloroplasts respectively. possible characteristics of transitional forms are indicated both by the primitive amoeba, pelomyxa, which lacks mitochondria but contains a ...	1979	36620
archean photoautotrophy: some alternatives and limits.	from the archean geological record, one can infer that photoautotrophy evolved early in earth history; however the nature of this photosynthesis -- whether it was predominately or cyanobacterial -- is less clearly understood. general agreement tht the earth's atmosphere did not become oxygen rich before the early proterozoic era places constraints on theories concerning more ancient biotas. accommodating this limitation in various ways, different workers have hypothesized (1) that blue-green alg ...	1979	503457
thermal pollution consequences of the implementation of the president's energy message on increased coal utilization.	the thermal consequences of coal utilization are most meaningfully assessed in comparison with the form of power generation replaced by coal which is most likely nuclear. the different effects are influenced by siting decisions and the intrinsic thermal efficiencies of the two fuel systems. nuclear power plants discharge 50% more waste rheat to the atmosphere through cooling towers or to a water body than coal-fired plants. coal-fired plants require about 2/3 as much water as nuclear power plant ...	1979	540623
pathways of assimilatory sulphate reduction in plants and microorganisms.	assimilatory sulphate reduction, largely restricted to plants and microorganisms where it provides reduced sulphur for the formation of amino acids and proteins, nucleic acids, and various sulphur-containing coenzymes, begins with the activation of sulphate through reaction with atp to form adenosine 5'-phosphosulphate (aps) and adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulphate (paps). two pathways of assimilatory sulphate reduction are known. one, found in some blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) and in a ...	1979	398767
nitrogen fixation by thermophilic blue-green algae (cyanobacteria): temperature characteristics and potential use in biophotolysis.	thermophilic, nitrogen-fixing, blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) were investigated for use in biophotolysis. three strains of mastigocladus laminosus were tested and were found to be equally effective in biophotolysis as judged by nitrogenase activity. the alga, m. laminosus nz-86-m, which was chosen for further study, grew well in the temperature range from 35 to 50 degrees c, with optimum growth at 45 degrees c, at which temperature acetylene reduction activity was also greatest. the maximum to ...	1979	16345353
nitrogen-fixing (acetylene redution) activity and population of aerobic heterotrophic nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with wetland rice.	nitrogen-fixing activity associated with different wetland rice varieties was measured at various growth stages by an in situ acetylene reduction method after the activities of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) in the flood water and on the lower portion of the rice stem were eliminated. nitrogen-fixing activities associated with rice varieties differed with plant growth stages. the activities increased with plant age, and the maximum was about at heading stage. the nitrogen fixed during the whol ...	1979	16345379
decomposition of blue-green algal (cyanobacterial) blooms in lake mendota, wisconsin.	decomposition of natural populations of lake mendota phytoplankton dominated by blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) was monitored by using oxygen uptake and disappearance of chlorophyll, algal volume (fluorescence microscopy), particulate protein, particulate organic carbon, and photosynthetic ability (co(2) up-take). in some experiments, decomposition of c-labeled axenic cultures of anabaena sp. was also measured. in addition to decomposition, mineralization of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus we ...	1979	16345380
effect of ultraviolet-b (280 to 320 nm) radiation on blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), possible biological indicators of stratospheric ozone depletion.	the effect of ultraviolet-b (280 to 320 nm) irradiation on physiological activities of anabaena flos-aquae and the water fern azolla caroliniana has been studied under conditions where lethal effects of irradiation are absent. nitrogenase activity, measured as acetylene reduction, specifically declined during irradiation with low levels of ultraviolet-b, whereas other physiological activities were unaffected. these findings indicate that measurement of acetylene reduction by cyanobacteria may se ...	1979	16345396
lytic organisms and photooxidative effects: influence on blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) in lake mendota, wisconsin.	the effects of exposure to high light intensities on blue-green algal (cyanobacterial) populations were examined in lake mendota, wis. the algal populations were shown to be susceptible to inhibition of photosynthetic activity and pigment bleaching as a result of exposure. these effects generally influence only a small percentage of the lake population and thus are probably not important in causing major declines in chlorophyll a. lytic organisms were shown to increase in numbers in the lake in ...	1979	16345436
effect of interactions among algae on nitrogen fixation by blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) in flooded soils.	nitrogen fixation (c(2)h(2) reduction) by algae in flooded soil was limited by interactions within the algal community. nitrogen fixation by either indigenous algae or tolypothrix tenuis was reduced severalfold by a dense suspension of the green alga nephrocytium sp. similarly, interactions between the nitrogen-fixing alga (cyanobacterium) aulosira 68 and natural densities of indigenous algae limited nitrogen-fixing activity in one of two soils examined. this was demonstrated by developing a var ...	1979	16345463
phycobilisomes from blue-green and red algae: isolation criteria and dissociation characteristics.	a general procedure for the isolation of functionally intact phycobilisomes was devised, based on modifications of previously used procedures. it has been successful with numerous species of red and blue-green algae (anabaena variabilis, anacystis nidulans, agmenellum quadruplicatum, fremyella diplosiphon, glaucosphaera vacuolata, griffithsia pacifica, nemalion multifidum, nostoc sp., phormidium persicinum, porphyridium cruentum, p. sordidum, p. aerugineum, rhodosorus marinus). isolation was car ...	1979	16660778
control of phycoerythrin synthesis during chromatic adaptation.	chromatic adaptation is the process by which blue-green algae alter the rates of biliprotein synthesis in response to changes in the color of available light. we have examined the control of phycoerythrin synthesis during the early stages of chromatic adaptation in fremyella diplosiphon using fluorescence spectroscopy and (35)s-labeling of polypeptides. phycoerythrin synthesis begins within 45 to 90 minutes after transfer of cells from red to green light, but is blocked by rifamycin. transfer of ...	1979	16661054
biosynthesis of delta-aminolevulinic acid from glutamate in agmenellum quadruplicatum.	delta-aminolevulinic acid accumulated in the culture medium when agmenellum quadruplicatum strain pr-6 was incubated in the presence of levulinic acid, a competitive inhibitor of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, and specifically labeled glutamate and glycine. the delta-aminolevulinic acid was purified using dowex 50w-x8 and cleaved by periodate to yield succinic acid and formaldehyde. the distribution of radioactivity in the two fragments suggested that in blue-green algae the carbon skele ...	1980	16661125
light-induced changes in allophycocyanin.	several lines of evidence indicate that allophycocyanin is the previously unidentified "phycochrome" observed in extracts of blue-green algae.fractions containing phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, and allophycocyanin and exhibiting light-induced absorbance changes were prepared from extracts of nostoc muscorum and fremyella diplosiphon by isoelectric focusing. illumination of such fractions with red light (650 nanometers) causes a reduction in absorbance at 620 nm ( approximately 1 to 2%) and an incre ...	1980	16661143
evidence for hco(3) transport by the blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) coccochloris peniocystis.	the possibility of hco(3) (-) transport in the blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) coccochloris peniocystis has been investigated. coccochloris photosynthesized most rapidly in the ph range 8 to 10, where most of the inorganic c exists as hco(3) (-). if photosynthesis used only co(2) from the external solution the rate of photosynthesis would be limited by the rate of hco(3) (-) dehydration to co(2). observed rates of photosynthesis at alkaline ph were as much as 48-fold higher than could be suppor ...	1980	16661199
thermotropic properties of thermophilic, mesophilic, and psychrophilic blue-green algae.	thermotropic properties of blue-green algae grown at high, room, and low temperatures in h(2)o and d(2)o media were studied by highly sensitive differential scanning microcalorimetry. the thermograms of these organisms contain an endothermal peak in the temperature range of 50 to 70 c with an endothermal heat ranging from 0.14 to 1.91 joules per gram organism. the temperature at which the endothermal peak occurs is comparable with the thermal denaturation temperature of phycocyanin, the major bi ...	1980	16661485
nitrogen fixation by photosynthetic bacteria in lowland rice culture.	propanil (3',4'-dichloropropionanilide) was a potent inhibitor of the nitrogenase activity of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) in flooded soil, but the herbicide at comparable concentrations was not toxic to rice, protozoa, and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. ethanol-amended flooded soils treated with propanil exhibited higher rates of nitrogenase activity than those not treated with the herbicide. the enhanced nitrogenase activity in propanil-treated soils was associated with a rise in the population ...	1980	16345507
effect of rice plants on nitrogenase activity of flooded soils.	in samples of flooded soil containing blue-green algae (cyanobacteria), the presence of rice plants did not influence the nitrogenase activity of the algae. nitrogenase activity of heterotrophic bacteria was enhanced by the presence of rice plants, but this activity was not affected by changes in plant density. the rate of nitrogen fixation in the rhizosphere, however, varied significantly among the 16 rice varieties tested. a simple method was devised to test the nitrogen-fixing activity in the ...	1980	16345630
"living electrode" as a long-lived photoconverter for biophotolysis of water.	living blue-green algae (mastigocladus laminosus), immobilized on an sno(2) optically transparent electrode with calcium alginate, functioned as an anodic photoelectrode on continuous illumination for periods of time adequate for use in a conventional electrochemical cell. this "living electrode" shows promise of use as a long-lived photoconverter of solar radiant energy to electric energy and as a suitable replacement for unstable chloroplast systems.	1980	16592817
minor nucleotides in trna from blue-green algae [proceedings].		1980	6768618
protein-transients during heterocyst differentiation in anabaena circularis and cylindrospermum sp.	the programme of protein synthesis accompanying cellular differentiation to the heterocyst following transfer of the blue-green algae anabaena circularis and cylindrospermum sp. (cbsc 1755) from ammonia-enriched medium to nitorgen-free medium was determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole proteins during successive intervals of differentiation. besides this, total proteins and soluble amino acids were determined quantitatively. at least 4 sets of proteins can be distinguished on t ...	1980	6769261
growth of legionella pneumophila in association with blue-green algae (cyanobacteria).	legionella pneumophila (legionnaires disease bacterium) of serogroup 1 was isolated from an algal-bacterial mat community growing at 45 degrees c in a man-made thermal effluent. this isolate was grown in mineral salts medium at 45 degrees c in association with the blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) fischerella sp. over a ph range of 6.9 to 7.6. l. pneumophila was apparently using algal extracellular products as its carbon and energy sources. these observations indicate that the temperature, ph, an ...	1980	6769388
[utilization of a method of growing microorganisms on millipore filters in order to study their structure with a scanning electron microscope].	a comparative study of bacteria and their l-forms actinomyces and blue-green algae, taken from centrifugates and grown on millipore filters, was made with the use of scanning electron microscopy. the study revealed that only in the second case the location of the cells inside the colony was preserved and the architectonics of the colony remained unchanged. the anastomoses between the cells and slime on the cell surface, destroyed when other methods of making the preparations were used, could be ...	1980	6771944
photosynthetic electron transport in a cell-free preparation from the thermophilic blue-green alga phormidium laminosum.	1. a cell-free preparation of membrane fragments was prepared from the thermophilic blue-green alga phormidium laminosum by lysozyme treatment of the cells followed by osmotic shock to lyse the spheroplasts. the membrane fragments showed high rates of photosynthetic electron transport and o2 evolution (180-250 mumol of o2/h per mg of chlorophyll a with 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone as electron acceptor). o2-evolution activity was stable provided that cations (e.g. 10mm-mg2+ or 100mm-na+) or glyc ...	1980	6772163
cell size and heterocyst differentiation in nostocacean blue-green algae.	cell size variations in three heterocystous blue-green algae, viz. nostoc muscorum (isu strain), n. muscorum (uw strain) and n. calcicola (a local isolate) have been surveyed under conditions permissive and non-permissive of heterocyst differentiation. a monomodal distribution pattern was observed for the two strains of n. muscorum under conditions not requiring heterocyst differentiation, while elemental nitrogen grown cultures retained a group of relatively larger cells in addition to this mod ...	1980	6775879
biochemical studies on sporulation in blue-green algae. ii. factors affecting glycogen accumulation.	inorganic nitrogens sources like nitrate, nitrite enhanced sporulation and glycogen accumulation in anabaena sp. but ammonium chloride neither influenced sporulation nor glycogen accumulation. acetate and citrate also stimulated early sporulation and glycogen level was higher over nitrogen free control. nitrogen and carbon sources in combination proved to be useful in inducing early sporulation and increased content of glycogen. phosphate and calcium also affected glycogen accumulation significa ...	1980	6776695
blue-green algalike cells associated with the tunic of ciona intestinalis l.	certain organisms resembling blue-green algae embedded in the tunic of the solitary ascidian ciona intestinalis l. are described. their probable symbiotic role as related to the peculiar habitat of this ascidian is suggested.	1980	6777043
biochemical studies on sporulation in blue-green algae. iii. effect of amino acids on glycogen accumulation.	the effect of 21 amino acids was studied on glycogen accumulation during sporulation in the blue-green alga anabaena sp. all the amino acids enhanced the initial level of glycogen on the 4th day. the maximum amount of glycogen, on the 20th day, was noticed from l-methionine, l-tyrosine, glycine, and l-histidine supplemented cultures. others like l-serine, l-valine, l-asparagine, dl-alanine, l-glutamic acid, l-phenylalanine, l-aspartic acid, l-arginine, and dl-lysine come next in the order. on th ...	1980	6784355
muramic acid detection in mammalian tissues by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.	muramic acid is a component of the peptidoglycan moiety of cell walls of all bacteria and blue-green algae and is not found elsewhere in nature. a gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for muramic acid in tissue is described. the application of the method to the detection of muramic acid in tissues of rats with streptococcal cell wall-induced polyarthritis is demonstrated. because the method has the potential to measure total bacterial biomass in tissue, it should prove to be an impo ...	1980	7011978
[molecular nitrogen fixation in the waters of eutrophic and polyhuic lakes of the estonian ssr].	a modified acetylene technique was used to assay the rate of molecular nitrogen fixation in estonian lakes containing methane in the hypolimnion. methods were elaborated to eliminate ethylene cooxidation by methane oxidizing bacteria. methane oxidation and nitrogen fixation were found in a narrow microaerobic zone in lakes with the stratification of temperature in the water mass; these biochemical processes occurred when the content of dissolved oxygen varied within the range of 0.1 to 0.8 mg o2 ...	1980	7412622
[identification of volatile metabolites produced by blue-green algae, oscillatoria splendida, o. amoena, o. geminata and aphanizomenon sp].		1981	6820045
grahamimycins: antibiotics from cytospora sp. ehrenb. w.f.p.l. 13a.	aerobic fermentation of cultures of cytospora sp. ehrenb. w.f.p.l. 13a produces a group of novel, broad-spectrum, dilactone, macrocyclic antibiotics. these compounds, named grahamimycins, were isolated from the culture medium by extraction with organic solvents and separated by chromatography. three active components have been obtained in crystalline form and have been designated grahamimycins a, a1, and b. the most active of these, grahamimycin a, exhibited activity against 36 species of bacter ...	1981	7247355
investigation of the presence of toxins produced by cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in the netherlands.		1981	6785881
fine structure of the cell wall of the cyanobacterium microcoleus vaginatus (vauch.) gomont.	the organization of the cell wall of microcoleus vaginatus (vauch.) gomont is described. the four layered wall possesses an unusual layer 2 (mucopolymer containing layer). this layer is 20 nm thick near the crosswall, but abruptly increases in thickness to 90 nm away from the crosswall. in many filaments a perforated sheet 20 nm in thickness was observed on the face of layer 2 which is toward the plasma membrane. it is suggested that this sheet represents an area of mobilization of mucopolymer f ...	1981	6786835
sequence of morphological alterations in blue-green algae in the course of cyanophage infection.	electron microscopic studies were performed on the sequence of morphological alterations induced by the cyanophage pp-1 in the blue-green algae phormidium sp. and plectonema boryanum. the following phases of virus infection were made evident: virus adsorption onto the host cell; the presence of virus "ghosts", suggesting the penetration of viral dna into the cell and its multiplication in the nucleoplasm; invagination of thylakoids and formation of the "virogenic stroma"; virus maturation within ...	1981	6787795
hemagglutination method for detection of freshwater cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) toxins.	strains of the freshwater cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) anabaena flosaquae and microcystis aeruginosa produced toxins that caused intermittent but repeated cases of livestock, waterfowl, and other animal deaths. they also caused illness, especially gastrointestinal, in humans. the most common group of toxins produced by these two species were peptide toxins termed microcystin, m. aeruginosa type c, and anatoxin-c. a method was found to detect the toxins which utilizes their ability to cause a ...	1981	6787984
influence of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) on survival of legionella pneumophila in aerosols.	the fluid in which blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) (fischerella sp.) had been grown (algal extract) was investigated for its effect on aerosols of legionella pneumophila. the bacteria were significantly more stable when suspended in algal extract than in the tryptose-saline solution employed in previously reported experiments. the stabilizing property of the extract disappeared after dialysis, suggesting that a relatively small molecule was involved. the relationship of this observation to the ...	1981	6788701
[spectral anisotropy of chloroplasts, subchloroplast particles and pigment-protein complexes].	anisotropic properties of pea chloroplasts, subchloroplast fragments (photosystem 1 particles and pigment-protein complexes) and the blue-green algae oriented in polyacrylamide gel were investigated. it was shown that linear dichroism spectra of chloroplasts are the superposition of the corresponding spectra for the main light harvesting complex (hmlc) and p 700 chlorophyll a--protein complex (cp 1). anisotropic properties of the photosystem 1 particles and blue-green algae are mainly caused by ...	1981	6789891
the synthesis of acetylcholine by plants.	choline acetyltransferase was demonstrated in nettles (urtica dioica), peas (pisum sativum), spinach (spinacia oleracea), sunflower (helianthus annuus) and blue--green algae by using a sepharose--coash affinity column. the column effected a 1500-fold purification of the enzyme from nettle homogenates and was required for demonstrating activity in the other higher plants. demonstration of the enzyme in blue-green algae suggests that acetylcholine was a biochemical necessity in the earliest photos ...	1981	6796060
[comparative evaluation of the vitamin composition of unicellular algae and higher plants grown under artificial conditions].	the vitamin composition of representatives of green (chlorella vulgaris, platimonas viridis), blue-green (synechococcus elongatus, coccopedia, spirulina platensis, cyanidium caldarium), red (porphyridium cruentum) unicellular algae and higher plants (wheat, chufa, beet, carrot, turnip, radish, cucumber, dill, welsh onion, potato) grown under artificial conditions was examined. the content of b complex vitamins (thiamine, riboflavine, nicotinic and folic acids), ascorbic acid and carotene was mea ...	1981	6801639
the evolution of multi-isoacceptor trna families. sequence of trna leu caa and trna leu cag from anacystis nidulans.	two leucine trnas from the cyanophyte anacystis nidulans have been isolated, and their complete nucleotide sequences have been determined by combining data from oligonucleotide fingerprints and sequencing gels. the two sequences are 87 nucleotides long, have the anticodons caa and cag, and differ from each other at a total of 28 positions. they have been compared to other known trna leu sequences and incorporated into a phylogenetic tree comprising prokaryotic and chloroplastic trna leu sequence ...	1981	6780549
effect of acetone on the toxicity of atrazine towards photosynthesis in anabaena.	the effect of acetone on the toxicity of atrazine towards photosynthesis in the blue-green algae anabaena inaequalis, a. variabilis and a. cylindrica was investigated. the order of sensitivity to atrazine was a. inaequalis greater than a. variabilis greater than a. cylindrica. acetone and atrazine interacted additively, antagonistically, and synergistically, depending upon the concentrations of acetone and atrazine used. the ec50 of atrazine towards photosynthesis was dependent upon the type of ...	1981	6782150
regulation of metallothionein synthesis in hela cells by heavy metals and glucocorticoids.	metallothioneins (mts) are low molecular weight, cysteine-rich proteins that bind heavy metals. mt induction occurs in liver in response to either heavy metal (zn++ or cd++) administration or stress. the synthesis of mt can also be induced by either heavy metals or glucocorticoid hormones in hela cells cultured in serum-free medium. induction of mt by zinc is subject to "desensitization." in contrast, dexamethasone (dex) induction results in a continued elevation in the rate of mt synthesis. the ...	1981	6162854
[adenylate kinase activity of phycobilisomes from the blue-green algae microcystis aerogenosa].	the phycobilisomes (pbs) from the blue-green algae microcystis aerogenosa was found to possess the adenylate kinase activity. the enzyme activity of pbs is kept for 2 weeks, reaching its maximum on th 2nd-4th day after pbs isolation from the cells, and is retained after passage of freshly isolated pbs through a column with sephadex g-25. the adenylate kinase activity of pbs is thermostable, depends on the protein concentration in the sample, undergoes activation by white light and is inhibited b ...	1981	6263373
response of a wild type and a non-nitrogen-fixing mutant of anabaena doliolum towards different amino acids.	the effects of various amino acids on growth and heterocyst differentiation have been studied on wild type and a heterocystous, non-nitrogen-fixing (het+ nif-) mutant of anabaena doliolum. glutamine, arginine and asparagine showed maximum stimulation of growth. serine, proline and alanine elicited slight stimulation of growth of wild type but failed to show any stimulatory effect on mutant strain. valine, glutamic acid, iso-leucine and leucine at a concentration of as low as 0.1 mm were inhibito ...	1981	6792797
microplate technique for determining accumulation of metals by algae.	a microplate technique was developed to determine the conditions under which pure cultures of algae removed heavy metals from aqueous solutions. variables investigated included algal species and strain, culture age (11 and 44 days), metal (mercury, lead, cadmium, and zinc), ph, effects of different buffer solutions, and time of exposure. plastic, u-bottomed microtiter plates were used in conjunction with heavy metal radionuclides to determine concentration factors for metal-alga combinations. th ...	1981	16345764
properties of the photosynthetic system and dna of cyanophora paradoxa cyanelles.	the cyanelle from the photosynthetic biflagellate protist cyanophora paradoxa has been studied in terms of its photosynthetic properties. structurally, the cyanelle resembles unicellular cyanobacteria. the cyanelle is readily released from the host cell by means of the french press. the isolated cyanelle shows typical photosystem i and photosystem ii activities as well as phenazine methosulfate-mediated photophosphorylation. the kinetic parameters k(m) and v(max) were determined for co(2) fixati ...	1981	16661925
measurement of photorespiration in algae.	the rates of true and apparent photosynthesis of two unicellular green algae, one diatom and four blue-green algae were measured in buffer at ph 8.0 at subsaturating concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (13-27 micromolar). initial rates of depletion from the medium of inorganic carbon and (14)c activity caused by the algae in a closed system were measured by gas chromatography and by liquid scintillation counting, respectively. the rate of photorespiration was calculated as the differenc ...	1982	16662171
oxidation of c-type cytochromes by the membrane-bound cytochrome oxidase (cytochrome aa(3)) of blue-green algae.	respiratory particles containing an aa(3)-type cytochrome oxidase were prepared from anacystis nidulans, synechocystis 6714, synechococcus lividus, anabaena variabilis, nostoc sp. strain mac, nostoc muscorum, and mastigocladus laminosus. oxidation of c-type cytochromes by membrane preparations of the different blue-green algae was observed using purified cytochromes from horse heart, candida krusei, tuna, saccharomyces oviformis, rhodospirillum rubrum, rhodospirillum molischianum, rhodopseudomon ...	1982	16662253
formation of hybrid phycobilisomes by association of phycobiliproteins from nostoc and fremyella.	formation of phycobilisomes has been accomplished in vitro from isolated phycobiliprotein fractions obtained from the same blue-green alga (intrageneric) and from different blue-green algae (intergeneric). phycobilisomes, which are supra-molecular complexes of phycobiliproteins, serve as major light-harvesting antennae for photosynthesis in blue-green and red algae. intrageneric association into energetically functional phycobilisomes, previously reported to occur with nostoc sp. allophycocyanin ...	1982	16593223
sequence of the gene coding for the beta-subunit of dinitrogenase from the blue-green alga anabaena.	the nitrogen fixation nif k gene of the blue-green alga anabaena, which codes for the beta-subunit of dinitrogenase, has been subjected to sequence analysis. the nif k protein is predicted to be 512 amino acids long, to have a m(r) or 57,583, and to contain six cysteine residues. three of these cysteines are within peptides homologous to fes cluster-binding cysteinyl peptides from ferredoxins and from a high potential iron protein and, thus, may be ligands to which fes clusters bind in dinitroge ...	1982	16593247
photosynthetic regeneration of atp using a strain of thermophilic blue-green algae.	photosynthetic atp accumulation was shown in the presence of exogenous adp plus orthophosphate on illumination to the intact cells of a strain of thermophilic blue-green algae isolated from matsue hot springs, mastigocladus sp. kinetic studies of various effectors on the atp accumulation proved that the atp synthesis depends mainly on the cyclic photophosphorylation system around photosystem i (ps-i) in the algal cells. the temperature and ph optima for the accumulation were found at 45 degrees ...	1982	18546304
effects of methionine sulphoximine on protein transients during heterocyst differentiation in anabaena and cylindrospermum spp.	heterocystous blue-green algae normally do not develop heterocysts if grown in the medium enriched with ammonium compounds. if such cultures are resuspended in a medium lacking combined nitrogen, the heterocysts differentiate within 24 h. l-methionine-dl-sulphoximine (mso) has been reported to induce heterocysts even in the presence of ammonium chloride. the changes in gel electrophoresis protein profiles of cultures developing heterocysts, in the ammonium chloride enriched medium supplemented w ...	1982	6810560
electron microscopic localization of atpase activity in the cytopharyngeal basket of the ciliate pseudomicrothorax dubius.	the cytopharyngeal basket of pseudomicrothorax dubius is used to ingest filamentous blue-green algae. the basket has three main components: a sheath of microfilaments, bundles of microtubules (the nemadesmata), and ribbons of microtubules. the ribbons of microtubules (nemadesmal lamellae) are adpressed to the food vacuole during ingestion. cytochemical techniques show that both the lamellae and the microfilamentous sheath possess atpase activity, but the reaction product appears under different ...	1982	6215277
[propagation of electrical potential changes in filamentous cyanobacteria].	possible energy transmission along conjugating membranes was investigated. it was found by extracellular electrodes that under local illumination of blue-green algae phormidium uncinatum the electrical current propagated along trichomes. the form and sign of the responses show that e. m. f. appears in the illumination region, which generates on the cellular membrane the potential difference with a negative charge inside the cell. the initiated transmembrane potential difference propagates along ...	1982	6803847
[in vitro repair of gamma-irradiated transforming bacillus subtilis dna by extracts of blue-green algae].	a cell-free extract from blue-green alga anacystis nidulans contains enzymes which repair in vitro the transforming activity of gamma-irradiated bacillus subtilis dna. the level of restoration of the transforming activity depends on the protein concentration in the reaction mixture, the duration of incubation and on the dose of irradiation. the repair of gamma-induced lesions is most efficient in the presence of magnesium ions, nad and atp. the present data indicate that the repair of transformi ...	1982	6806146
[analysis of the cable structure of blue-green algae].	peculiarities of electrical responses under local illumination of filamentous cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). phormidium uncinatum were studied by means of extracellular electrodes. recording of electrical responses at different distances from the exposure place and comparison of these data with the results obtained on physical model of ph. uncinatum end expected response parameters computed made it possible to estimate the parameters of the cable which can serve as the object model: rc=440 c/ ...	1982	6812650
hydrocarbons in green and blue-green algae.	liquid column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography were used to determine the total content of hydrocarbons and gas chromatography was used to evaluate composition of hydrocarbons in green algae (chlorella kessleri, c. vulgaris, chlorella sp., scenedesmus acutus, s. acuminatus, s. obliquus) and the blue-green alga (spirulina platensis) cultivated under autotrophic or heterotrophic conditions. in c. kessleri cultivated under heterotrophic conditions the content of hydrocarbons was found t ...	1982	6816708
the nucleotide sequence of blue-green algae phenylalanine-trna and the evolutionary origin of chloroplasts.	phenylalanine trna from the blue-green alga, agmenellum quadruplicatum, has been purified to homogeneity. the nucleotide sequence of this trna was determined to be: (see tests) comparisons of the sequence and the modified nucleosides of this trna with those of other trnaphes thus far sequenced, indicate that this blue green algal trnaphe is typically prokaryotic and closely resembles the chloroplast trnaphes of higher plants and euglena. the significance of this observation to the evolutionary o ...	1982	6817301
amino acid sequence of synechocystis 6714 ferredoxin: a unique structural feature of unicellular blue-green algal ferredoxin.	the amino acid sequence of ferredoxin from synechocystis 6714, a unicellular blue-green alga, was determined by a combination of conventional methods. the ferredoxin was composed of 96 amino acid residues and lacked methionine and tryptophan. the sequence was as follows: ala-ser-tyr-thr-val-lys-leu-ile-thr- pro-asp-gly-glu-asn-ser-ile-glu-cys-ser-asp-asp-thr-tyr-ile-leu-asp-ala-ala- glu-glu-ala-gly-leu-asp-leu-pro-tyr-ser-cys-arg-ala-gly-ala-cys-ser-thr-cys- ala-gly-lys-ile-thr-ala-gly-ser-val-a ...	1982	6818221
amino acid sequence of chlorogloeopsis fritschii ferredoxin: taxonomic and evolutionary aspects.	the amino acid sequence of chlorogloeopsis fritschii ferredoxin was determined for its carboxymethylated derivative by using solid-phase sequencing, fragmentation with various enzymes, and manual edman degradation procedures. the ferredoxin was composed of 98 amino acid residues and lacked methionine and tryptophan. the sequence was as follows: ala-thr-tyr-lys-val-thr-leu-ile-asn-asp-ala-glu- gly-leu-asn-gln-thr-ile-glu-val-asp-asp-asp-thr-tyr-ile-leu-asp-ala-ala-glu- glu-ala-gly-leu-asp-leu-pro ...	1982	6818222
phosphoglycerate kinase from spinach, blue-green algae, and yeast.		1982	6818417
tubular elements in plastids in the female gamete of a fern, pteris ensiformis.	highly dedifferentiated plastids in the egg cells of the fern pteris ensiformis contain tubules with an external diameter of about 36 nm and an internal of 12 nm. the tubules are unlike those described from other eukaryotic plastids, but, although larger, have some resemblance to the rhapidosomes of blue-green algae.	1982	7200014
photosynthetic electron transport in thylakoid preparations from two marine red algae (rhodophyta).	thylakoid membrane preparations active in photosynthetic electron transport have been obtained from two marine red algae, griffithsia monilis and anotrichium tenue. high concentrations (0.5-1.0 m) of salts such as phosphate, citrate, succinate and tartrate stabilized functional binding of phycobilisomes to the membrane and also stabilized photosystem ii-catalysed electron-transport activity. high concentrations (1.0 m) of chloride and nitrate, or 30 mm-tricine/naoh buffer (ph 7.2) in the absence ...	1983	6860312
apparent blue-green algae poisoning in swine subsequent to ingestion of a bloom dominated by anabaena spiroides.		1983	6403497
freshwater cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and human health.		1983	6405135
effect of temperature on chlorophyll stability of some subaerial blue-green algae.	chlorophyll stability index of eight subaerial blue-green algal species, collected from their natural habitats, i.e., bark of trees, soil and roof-tops and from cultures, has been determined. the algae from natural habitats showed greater chlorophyll stability compared to those algae from cultures. among the natural algae, high chlorophyll stability was observed in the algae inhabiting adverse habitats. a slight modification in the method of murty and majumder (1962) for determination of chlorop ...	1983	6415937
amino acid sequence of a ferredoxin from bumilleriopsis filiformis, a yellow-green alga: relationship with red algae, protoflorideophyceae, and filamentous blue-green algae.	the amino acid sequence of a [2fe-2s] ferredoxin isolated from bumilleriopsis filiformis, a yellow-green alga, was determined by using conventional techniques. it consisted of 98 amino acid residues with a microheterogeneity at the amino-terminus: ala/glu-thr-tyr-ser-val-thr-leu-val-asn-glu-glu-lys-asn-ile-asn-ala-val- ile- lys-cys-pro-asp-asp-gln-phe-ile-leu-asp-ala-ala-glu-glu-gln-gly-ile-glu- leu- pro-tyr-ser-cys-arg-ala-gly-ala-cys-ser-thr-cys-ala-gly-lys-val-leu-ser- gly- thr-ile-asp-gln-se ...	1983	6418731
ferredoxin from aphanothece halophitica, a unicellular blue-green alga: close relationship to ferredoxins from filamentous blue-green algae and phylogenetic implications.	the amino acid sequence of a ferredoxin from a unicellular blue-green alga, aphanothece halophitica, was established by the conventional methods. total number of residues was 98 lacking only tryptophan. a most probable phylogenetic tree was constructed for 19 algal ferredoxins on the basis of an amino acid difference matrix made from the sequence comparison. a. halophitica has been classified as a unicellular blue-green alga in the same genus to which aphanothece sacrum belongs, but the tree ind ...	1983	6418732
the cyanobacteriales: a legitimate order based on the type strain cyanobacterium stanieri?	as a logical consequence of the definition of a bacterium (stanier and van niel, 1962), r. y. stanier created the name "cyanobacteria" as a replacement for "blue-green algae". as such, cyanobacteria entered the 8th issue of bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology 1974 as members of the procaryotae murray 1968, this kingdom being composed of two divisions, cyanobacteria and bacteria. an even tighter integration of cyanobacteria with other bacteria was proposed by gibbons and murray (1978) f ...	1983	6416126
low nitrogen to phosphorus ratios favor dominance by blue-green algae in lake phytoplankton.	an analysis of growing season data from 17 lakes throughout the world suggests that the relative proportion of blue-green algae (cyanophyta) in the epilimnetic phytoplankton is dependent on the epilimnetic ratio of total nitrogen to total phosphorus. blue-green algae tended to be rare when this ratio exceeded 29 to 1 by weight, suggesting that modification of this ratio by control of nutrient additions may provide a means by which lake water quality can be managed.	1983	17787737
pseudomonas aeruginosa chemotaxis associated with blooms of n(2)-fixing blue-green algae (cyanobacteria).	pseudomonas aeruginosa (schroeter) migula, a numerically significant bacterium found during n(2)-fixing blooms of the blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) anabaena sp. in the chowan river, north carolina, was chemotactically attracted to amino acids when tested in a radioassay. the bacterium was labeled with p(i), and the disintegrations per minute determined by liquid scintillation counting were proportional to the number of cells accumulating in microcapillaries containing amino acids. positive ch ...	1983	16346204
estimating bacterioplankton production by measuring [h]thymidine incorporation in a eutrophic swedish lake.	bacterioplankton abundance, [h]thymidine incorporation, co(2) uptake in the dark, and fractionated primary production were measured on several occasions between june and august 1982 in eutrophic lake norrviken, sweden. bacterioplankton abundance and carbon biomass ranged from 0.5 x 10 to 2.4 x 10 cells liter and 7 to 47 mug of c liter, respectively. the average bacterial cell volume was 0.185 mum. [h]thymidine incorporation into cold-trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material ranged from 12 x 10 to ...	1983	16346304
mixed populations of marine microalgae in continuous culture: factors affecting species dominance and biomass productivity.	marine microalgae were grown in multispecies continuous cultures. under carbon dioxide limitation, blue-green algae dominated. under nitrate and light limitation, species dominance depended on the initial conditions. when the inoculum consisted primarily of blue-green algae with smaller amounts of other species, blue-green algae and pennate diatoms dominated. when the inoculum consisted of equal amounts of all species, green flagellates and pennate diatoms dominated. green flagellates and blue-g ...	1984	18551649
structure and function of respiratory membranes in cyanobacteria (blue-green algae).		1984	6433519
effect of the carbamate insecticide sevin on anabaena sp. and westiellopsis prolifica.	effect of the insecticide sevin (50% w/v) was examined on survival, growth and nitrogen fixation of two filamentous blue-green algae, anabaena sp. and westiellopsis prolifica. lower concentration of the insecticide (10 micrograms/ml) increased survival, growth and nitrogen fixation while higher concentrations showed an inhibitory effect.	1984	6443054
[poisoning in cattle caused by blue-green algae].	this paper describes a case of poisoning by blue-green algae growing in a fresh water pond in goyena, provincia de buenos aires. the predominating algae were identified as microcystis aeruginosa. they show an intense growth when certain meteorologic condition prevail, in coincidence with certain chemical characteristics of the water. once this growth has occurred, the direction of the wind has a decisive role, because it determines the accumulation on the shore, increasing their concentration an ...	1984	6443833
on the evolutionary descent of organisms and organelles: a global phylogeny based on a highly conserved structural core in small subunit ribosomal rna.	to probe the earliest evolutionary events attending the origin of the five known genome types (archaebacterial, eubacterial, nuclear, mitochondrial and plastid), we have analyzed sequences corresponding to a ubiquitous, highly conserved core of secondary structure in small subunit rrna. our results support (i) the existence of three primary lineages (archaebacterial, eubacterial, and nuclear), (ii) a specific eubacterial ancestry for plastids and mitochondria (plant, animal, fungal), and (iii) a ...	1984	6462918
[molecular organization and pigment composition of r-phycoerythrin from the red alga callithamnion rubosum].	p3phycoerythrin is the major phycobiliprotein of rhodophyta and endows these algae with the characteristic color. r-phycoerythrin purified from red alga calithamnion rubosom is composed of four dissimilar polypeptide subunits, alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. in calibrated sds gel electrophoresis their molecular weights are 21 000, 21 600, 31 000 and 33 000 daltons, respectively. the stoichiometry of the subunits in the native protein is 9 alpha: 9 beta: 2 gamma: 1 delta. r-phycoerythrin carries t ...	1984	6717417
oxygen-dependent proton efflux in cyanobacteria (blue-green algae).	the oxygen-dependent proton efflux (in the dark) of intact cells of anabaena variabilis and four other cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) was investigated. in contrast to bacteria and isolated mitochondria, an h+/e ratio (= protons translocated per electron transported) of only 0.23 to 0.35 and a p/e ratio of 0.8 to 1.5 were observed, indicative of respiratory electron transport being localized essentially on the thylakoids, not on the cytoplasmic membrane. oxygen-induced acidification of the medi ...	1984	6327614