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the effects of ultraviolet irradiation on a coccoid blue-green alga: survival, photosynthesis, and photoreactivation.the effects of uv irradiation (254 mmu) on a coccoid blue-green alga agmenellum quadruplicatum, strain pr-6, have been examined in terms of the survival curve and measurement of short time photosynthetic rates. from study of survival evidence has been found for a strong photoreactivation centered near 430 mmu. measurements of photosynthetic rate suggest that there is a correlation between decay of photosynthesis and survival after uv exposure. the uv induced decay in photosynthetic activity is r ...196816656955
fatty acid metabolism in the chloroplast lipids of green and blue-green algae.the pattern of uptake of radioactivity into chloroplast lipids when a green alga (chlorella vulgaris) was incubated with sodium 2-(14)c-acetate differed appreciably from that obtained when two blue-green algae (anabaena cylindrica andanacystis nidulans) were incubated under similar conditions.the fatty acids of the digalactosyl diglyceride and sulphoquinovosyl diglyceride fractions from the blue-green algae were labeled more rapidly than were those of the corresponding fractions fromc. vulgaris, ...196817805885
the occurrence and biosynthesis of gamma-linolenic acid in a blue-green alga,spirulina platensis.the acyl-lipid and fatty acid composition of six blue-green algae, namely,spirulina platensis, myxosarcina chroococcoides, chlorogloea fritschii, anabaena cylindrica, anabaena flos-aquae, and mastigocladus laminosus is reported.all contain major proportions of mono-and digalactosyl diglyceride, sulfoquinovosyl diglyceride, and phosphatidyl glycerol, but none possess lecithin, phophatidyl ethanolamine, or phosphatidyl inositol. trans-3-hexadecenoic acid was absent from all extracts.the analyses p ...196817805841
somatic reduction in cycads.recurrent somatic reduction is a normal ontogenetic process in apogeotropic roots of cycads, which develop into dichotomously branching coralloid masses. the reduced cells make up part of a ring of differentiated cortical tissue lying midway between the pericycle and the epidermis; they serve as fillers among the large cells and become charged with slime. the differentiated tissue is colonized by a species of blue-green algae.196817735993
[blue-green algae as producers of toxic substances]. 19684903619
ecology, physiology, and biochemistry of blue-green algae. 19684880646
is the heterocyst the site of nitrogen fixation in blue-green algae? 19684880705
the fine structure of blue-green algae. 19684879516
nadh oxidase in blue-green algae. 19684300766
reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in the autotrophic blue-green algae anabaena variabilis. 19684386501
a new method for obtaining bacteria-free cultures of blue-green algae. 19685300489
production of axemic cultures of soil-borne and endophytic blue-green algae. 19685729617
c-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin in two species of blue-green algae.1. the biliproteins c-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin were purified from the blue-green alga anabaena variabilis by ammonium sulphate fractionation and gel filtration. 2. an assay procedure that enabled the proportion of the two pigments, present as a mixture, to be determined was devised by using the data provided by spectrophotometric analysis of the purified biliproteins. 3. the degree of association and relative proportions of the two pigments were analysed by the application of this procedu ...19685637347
fatty acids in blue-green algae: possible relation to phylogenetic position.analyses of the lipids in five species of blue-green algae show that the fatty acids are largely the c(16) and c(18) acids. the only alga that could be grown heterotrophically, chlorogloea, formed the triply unsaturated c(18) acid in the light but only the doubly unsaturated c(18) acid in the dark. examination of these results and the results of others suggest that, except for one species, the more highly unsaturated acids are found in the morphologically more complex algae. the fatty acid compo ...19685644061
choline and inositol distribution in algae and fungi.inositol and choline were present in varying amounts among the species of rhodophyta, phaeophyta, chlorophyta, and euglenophyta examined. however, in the two members of the order fucales (division phaeophyta) examined, no detectable amounts of choline were found. in contrast, the species of cyanophyta examined contained no detectable amounts of either choline or inositol. all species of the fungal classes phycomyceteae, ascomyceteae, and basidiomyceteae collected contained both inositol and chol ...19685647522
studies on the structure of blue-green algae virus lpp-1. 19685650700
comparison of blue-green algae virus lpp-1 and the morphologically related viruses g-3 and coliphage t7. 19685650701
growth and division of some unicellular blue-green algae. 19685652095
selective isolation of blue-green algae from water and soil. 19685652096
the isolation and identification of two sterols from two species of blue-green algae. 19685653697
precambrian marine environment and the development of life.the tropical thermocline must have existed since the ocean's depth exceeded 300 meters. the density gradient in this layer concentrated organic aggregates formed abiologically near the surface of the sea, and the low rates of diflusion across this layer permitted the accumulation of oxygen once the layer was populated by blue-green algae; thus the evolution of eukaryotes became possible within the layer. because of rapid mixing over the shelves, the eukaryotes were restricted initially to the th ...19685657061
molecular diversity of the ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase from photosynthetic microorganisms.the ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylases from green and blue-green algae and the purple sulfur photosynthetic bacterium chromatium are proteins with high molecular weights and with sedimentation coefficients of 18 to 21 svedberg units. the carboxylases of the athiorhodaceae are smaller, that of rhodospirillum rubrum being a 6.2s molecule, and those of the two species of rhodopseudomonas are 12s and 14.5s.19685659689
[nitrogen-containing compounds of some blue-green algae]. 19685662669
toxic blue-green algae in saskatchewan. 19685693281
acetylene reduction by nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae. 19685709637
nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae in acid forest and nursery soils. 19685724886
[on the role of oxygen content on the activity of some blue-green algae]. 19685732067
ultrastructure of the cell wall and cell division of unicellular blue-green algae.the fine structure of the cell wall and the process of cell division were examined in thin sections of two unicellular blue-green algae grown under defined conditions. unilateral invagination of the photosynthetic lamellae is the first sign of cell division in the rod-shaped organism, anacystis nidulans. symmetrical invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane and inner wall layers follows. one wall layer, which appears to be the mucopolymer layer, is then differentially synthesized to form the sept ...19685732513
[study of the carbohydrate components of cells of some blue-green algae]. 19685733583
[growth of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae in the presence of fixed nitrogen]. 19685734415
shear-oriented microfibrils in the mucilaginous investments of two motile oscillatoriacean blue-green algae.trichomes of two oscillatoriacean blue-green algae execute screw-like gliding motion, but the two organisms differ from each other with respect to the screw sense of motion. electron microscopy of serial longitudinal sections reveals extracellular microfibrils which lie roughly parallel to stream-lines at the surface of each organism. the author proposes that the microfibrils are oriented by shear in a zone just external to the outer unit membrane-like component of the cell wall.19695764337
[effect of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae on crop plants]. 19694993451
absorption and fluorescence of chlorophyll a in particle fractions from different plants.density-gradient centrifugation of disintegrated cells from a variety of plants gave two kinds of chlorophyll particles from all except the blue-green algae. as in previous procedures using detergents, the lighter fraction 1 particles usually had greater absorption at longer wavelengths; they always had a lower ratio of short to long wavelength fluorescence at low temperature, and a lower fluorescence yield per chlorophyll than the denser fraction 2 particles. although only one kind of particle ...19695352230
[lipids of some strains of nitrogen fixing blue-green algae]. 19694992714
uptake of glycine by blue-green algae. 19695771167
ultrastructure of blue-green algae.two freshwater blue-green algae, tolypothrix tenuis and fremyella diplosiphon, and an oscillatorialike marine alga, were found to possess structures on the photosynthetic lamellae which appear to correspond to the phycobilisomes of red algae. these homologous structures are important because they contain the phycobilins which are accessory pigments involved in photosynthesis. as in the red algae, the phycobilisomes were attached on the outer side of each lamellae, i.e., the side facing away from ...19695776533
phycovirus sm-1: a virus infecting unicellular blue-green algae. 19695777559
fatty acids and polar lipids of extremely thermophilic filamentous bacterial masses from two yellowstone hot springs.the fatty acid composition of filamentous bacterial masses from two very hot yellowstone park springs is not unusual despite the extreme environment. both populations have a series of c(14) to c(20) straight-chain acids with a maximum at c(18), and a series of saturated iso acids with a maximum at c(17) in one case and c(19) in the other. the fatty acid pattern of this anomalous group of organisms is like that of bacteria but not of blue-green algae. both populations have similar polar lipids an ...19695784208
fatty acids in the lipids of marine and terrestrial nitrifying bacteria.fatty acids in the lipids of 19 marine and terrestrial nitrifying bacteria have been analyzed. ammonia-oxidizing bacteria have a very simple acid composition; palmitic and palmitoleic acid account for 96 to 100% of the total acids. the fatty acids of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria cover a wider range, from c(14) to c(19), but from two to four acids still account for more than 80% of the total acids. branched iso- and anteiso-acids are present in traces only in 2 of the 19 bacteria. the chemical and ...19695808068
effect of desaspidin and dcmu on photokinesis of blue-green algae. 19695816767
special aspects of nitrogen fixation by blue-green algae. 19694389401
respiration in blue-green algae.the low rate of endogenous respiration exhibited by the blue-green algae anacystis nidulans and phormidium luridum was not increased by the addition of respiratory substrates. however, endogenous respiration was inhibited by low concentrations of cyanide and by high carbon monoxide tensions. in addition, the uncouplers dinitrophenol and carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone both stimulated the respiratory rate. the transition of cells from the aerobic steady state to anaerobiosis wa ...19694390093
udp-d-glucuronate 4-epimerase in blue-green algae. 19694306269
[carbohydrates of some blue-green algae]. 19694981326
cytophaga that kills or lyses algae.a myxobacterium (cytophaga n-5) isolated from sewage kills or lyses an array of living green and blue-green algae. when assayed with nostoc muscorum or plectonema boryanum, plaques form like those caused by the blue-green algal virus lpp-1. this isolate lyses or inhibits mutually gram-positive and gram-negative eubacteria.19694891858
nitrogenase activity in heterocysts of blue-green algae. 19694981122
[utilization by higher plants of nitrogen fixed from the atmosphere by blue-green algae]. 19694990417
[carotenoids of the blue-green algae anacystis nidulans]. 19694990485
studies with deoxyribonucleic acid from blue-green algae. 19694988685
comparative study of the structure of gas vacuoles.the fine structure of gas vacuoles was examined in two blue-green algae, two green bacteria, three purple sulfur bacteria, and two halobacteria. the gas vacuole is a compound organelle, composed of a variable number of gas vesicles. these are closed, cylindrical, gas-containing structures with conical ends, about 80 to 100 nm in width and of variable length, ranging from 0.2 to over 1.0 mum. the wall of the gas vesicle is a non-unit membrane 2 to 3 nm in thickness, bearing very regular striation ...19694982667
thermophilic blue-green algae and the thermal environment. 19694984428
nitrogen chlorosis in blue-green algae. 19694986616
nitrogen fixation by gloeocapsa.the continuous growth in a medium free of combined nitrogen and the experimental production of ethylene via acetylene reduction indicate that nitrogen fixation by blue-green algae is not solely confined to filamentous genera with heterocysts. axenic cultures of gloeocapsa sp., adapted to nitrate-free medium, form ethylene at rates comparable to those of species known to fix nitrogen.196917777006
precambrian columnar stromatolites in australia: morphological and stratigraphic analysis.the stratigraphic distribution in australian precambrian rocks of columnar stromatolites, organosedimentary structures formed by blue-green algae, has been investigated. their morphology is being studied according to methods developed in russia. the discovery of successive different assemblages supports not only regional but also intercontinental stratigraphic correlations which are in agreement with available isotopic datings.196917796609
hydrocarbons of blue-green algae: geochemical signfficance.the hydrocarbon compositions of 11 species of blue-green algae are simple and qualitatively similar. three marine coccoids contain only monoenoic and dienoic c(19) hydrocarbons. hydrocarbons of the remaining eight species are c(15) to c(18). hydrocarbons of higher molecular weight (c(20) or more) were not detected. blue-green algae do not appear to be the source material for the longchain (greater than 20 carbons) hydrocarbons found in ancient sediments.196917731762
temperature and manganese as determining factors in the presence of diatom or blue-green algal floras in streams.diatoms are usually the major component of the algal flora in many streams, although green and blue-green algae may be present. these experiments were designed to determine if high temperature or a shift in the chemical composition of the water might bring about a dominance of blue-green algae and/or green algae rather than a dominance of diatoms in the algal flora.the results of these experiments indicate that an average temperature of 34 degrees to 38 degrees c results in a shift of dominance ...196916591790
glycolic acid oxidase activity in cell-free preparations of blue-green algae.glycolic acid oxidase activity was detected in cell-free preparations of anabaena flos-aquae and oscillatoria sp. by the reduction of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol and by the formation of glyoxylate. enzyme activity was localized in the 20,000 times gravity supernatant fraction, and optimal activity was obtained at ph 8.0. activity was lost on storing the preparation at 4 c and could not be restored by addition of flavin mononucleotide.oxidase activity of the supernatant fraction of oscillatoria ...197016657383
lipid composition of cyanidium.the major lipids in cyanidium caldarium geitler are monogalactosyl diglyceride, digalactosyl diglyceride, plant sulfolipid, lecithin, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl inositol, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. fatty acid composition varies appreciably among the lipids, but the major ones are palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and moderate amounts of stearic acid. trace amounts of other acids in the c(14) to c(20) range were also present. moderate amounts of linolenic acid were found in t ...197016657541
thermophilic blue-green algae and the thermal environment.[this corrects the article on p. 485 in vol. 33.].197016350215
biosynthesis of phytoquinones. homogentisic acid: a precursor of plastoquinones, tocopherols and alpha-tocopherolquinone in higher plants, green algae and blue-green algae.1. by means of (14)c tracer experiments and isotope competition experiments the roles of d-tyrosine, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, phenylacetic acid, homogentisic acid and homoarbutin (2-methylquinol 4-beta-d-glucoside) in the biosynthesis of plastoquinones, tocopherols and alpha-tocopherolquinone by maize shoots was investigated. it was established that d-tyrosine, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and homogentisic acid can all be utilized for this purpose, whereas p-hydrox ...19704986835
wall development and tetrazolium chloride reduction in heterocysts of blue-green algae, anabaena ambigua. 19704987427
characteristics of a stable, filamentous mutant of a coccoid blue-green alga.filamentous mutants were induced in a coccoid blue-green alga, agmenellum quadruplicatum strain bg1, after treatment with n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (ntg). the mutants fall into two general classes: filaments with cross walls and filaments without cross walls. all mutants of these general types derived from bg1 are stable and have growth rates the same as or very similar to the wild type under a variety of conditions. detailed examination of one mutant, 53sb2, revealed no difference in ...19704988043
free amino acid composition of some nitrogen fixing blue-green algae in heterocystous and non-heterocystous conditions. 19704983791
[biosynthesis of biotin, pyridoxine, nicotinic and pantothenic acids by some blue-green algae]. 19704996242
on biological nitrogen fixation in nature, particularly in blue-green algae. 19704988906
possible evolutionary significance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in blue-green algae. 19704988959
one-dimensional pattern found in blue-green algae. 19704990855
the effect of light on growth and development of two nitrogen fixing blue-green algae. 19704992044
[molybdenum requirements of several nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae]. 19704992443
lysis of blue-green algae by myxobacter.enrichment from local fishponds led to the isolation of a bacterium capable of lysing many species of unicellular and filamentous blue-green algae, as well as certain bacteria. the isolate is an aflagellate, motile rod which moves in a gliding, flexuous manner; the organism is capable of digesting starch and agar, but not cellulose and gelatin. its deoxyribonucleic acid base pair composition (per cent guanine plus cytosine approximately 70) shows a close resemblance to that of the fruiting myxob ...19704990764
[biosynthesis of thiamine, riboflavin and vitamin b12 by some blue-green algae]. 19704993968
[glucokinase activity of some green and blue-green algae]. 19704990492
biological nitrogen fixation in lake erie.biological nitrogen fixation, as determined by acetylene reduction, occurs in lake erie. fixation potential by blue-green algae in situ in water and by bacteria in collected sediments was demonstrated. nitrogen-fixing activity occurred from june through november suggesting that it is significant over the extremes of seasonal variation in light, temperature, and nutrients.19704986715
nitrogenase activity in extracts of heterocystous and non-heterocystous blue-green algae. 19704992980
[metabolically active spheroplasts of blue-green algae]. 19704993267
[nitrogen-fixing ability of blue-green algae in paddy fields in the south of the ukrainian ssr]. 19704996785
chloroplast structure of the cryptophyceae. evidence for phycobiliproteins within intrathylakoidal spaces.selective extraction and morphological evidence indicate that the phycobiliproteins in three cryptophyceaen algae (chroomonas, rhodomonas, and cryptomonas) are contained within intrathylakoidal spaces and are not on the stromal side of the lamellae as in the red and blue-green algae. furthermore, no discrete phycobilisome-type aggregates have thus far been observed in the cryptophyceae. structurally, although not necessarily functionally, this is a radical difference. the width of the intrathyla ...19715543400
gas vacuoles. light shielding in blue-green algae. 19714993483
heterotrophic growth of blue-gren algae in dim light.a unicellular blue-green alga, agmenellum quadruplicatum, and a filamentous blue-green alga, lyngbya lagerheimíi, were grown heterotrophically in dim light with glucose as major source of carbon and possibly energy. the dim-light conditions did not support autotrophic growth. the two blue-green algae appeared to have the same metabolic block, namely an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle, as has been found in other obligately phototrophic blue-green algae. under dim-light conditions, glucose mad ...19714994034
endogenous dark respiration of the blue-green alga, plectonema boryanum.endogenous dark respiration in the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum is markedly affected by preincubation in the light: it can be increased from a basal rate of 5 nmoles of o(2) to 55 nmoles of o(2) per mg of cell protein per min after exposure of the cells to light for 8 to 10 hr. under conditions of enhanced dark respiration, cyanophage multiplication in the dark increases drastically and approaches the cyanophage yields obtained in photosynthesizing plectonema cells. this implies that the ...19714994602
growth responses of blue-green algae to sodium chloride concentration. 19714994861
a new photosynthetic pigment, "p430": its possible role as the priary electron acceptor of photosystem i.the technique of flash kinetic spectrophotometry was used to demonstrate a broad absorption band around 430 nm, which was kinetically different from p700, in several photosystem-i particles from spinach and blue-green algae. the component represented by this absorption band, designated as "p430", was bleached as fast as p700. its recovery in the dark was accelerated by ferredoxin and by various artificial electron acceptors with redox potentials as low as -521 mv. the recovery kinetics have been ...19714995817
nitrogen fixation by unicellular blue-green algae. 19714996394
heterotrophy and nitrogen fixation in several blue-green algae from soil. 19715004584
[quantity and distribution of microbes in the basin of the dnieper falls dependent on the intensity of the growth of blue-green algae]. 19715005137
[cellular and extracellular lipids of nitrogen-fixating blue-green algae and chlorellae]. 19715005138
growth response of blue-green algae to aldrin, dieldrin, endrin and their metabolites. 19715005176
[viruses lysing blue-green algae]. 19715005590
electron spin resonance of chlorophyll and the origin of signal i in photosynthesis.a comparison has been made between signal i, the photo-electron spin resonance signal associated with the primary light conversion act in photosynthesis, and free-radical signals generated in various chlorophyll species in vitro. the esr signals obtained from chlorophyll.monomer, (chl.l)(+.), chlorophyll dimer, (chl(2))(+.), and chlorophyll oligomer, (chl(2))(n) (+.), are broader than signal i, whereas the chlorophyll-water adduct, (chl.h(2)o)(n) (+.), gives a signal very much narrower than sign ...19714993385
[oxygen consumption by obligate phototrophic blue-green algae in dark-adapted conditions and following illumination]. 19715002170
[effect of blue-green algae on growth of rice seedlings]. 19714997180
[isolation and characteristic propertyies of dna of the blue-green algae anacystic nidulans]. 19714997702
subunit structure of the phycobiliproteins of blue-green algae.the phycobiliproteins of the blue-green algae synechococcus sp. and aphanocapsu sp. were characterized with respect to homogeneity, isoelectric point, and subunit composition. each of the biliproteins consisted of two different noncovalently associated subunits, with molecular weights of about 20,000 and 16,000 for phycocyanin, 17,500 and 15,500 for allophycocyanin, and 22,000 and 20,000 for phycoerythrin. covalently bound chromophore was associated with each subunit.19714997755
light-induced shifts in pigment absorption in green, red and blue-green algae. 19714997844
[cobalt requirement in some nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae]. 19714997858
apparent lack of control by repression of arginine metabolism in blue-green algae.five anabolic and two catabolic enzymes of arginine metabolism were neither repressed nor induced after inclusion of arginine in the growth medium of anabaena variabilis.19714998248
purification and properties of unicellular blue-green algae (order chroococcales). 19714998365
survival of blue-green algae under primitive atmospheric conditions. 19715000639
content of -tocopherol in some blue-green algae. 19715000879
the involvement of lecithin and monogalactosyl diglyceride in linoleate synthesis by green and blue-green algae. 19715002151
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