Publications

algal virus: isolation.	freshwater blue-green algae of the genera lyngbya, plectonema, and phormidium are susceptible to a virus recently isolated from a waste-stabilization pond. electron micrographs of a partially purified preparation show that the viral particle has an icosahedral structure about 66 mmicro in diameter.	1963	13976026
culture methods for the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum and its virus, with an electron microscope study of virus-infected cells.		1966	5938887
effect of virus infection on rate of photosynthesis and respiration of a blue-green alga, plectonema boryanum.		1967	6025065
isolation of "cyanophages" from freshwater ponds and their interaction with plectonema boryanum.		1967	6025877
morphology of a virus of blue-green algae and properties of its deoxyribonucleic acid.	the morphology of safferman's virus of blue-green algae (phycovirus lpp-1) has been studied by electron microscopy and physicochemical methods. the virion has a short (100 to 200 a long, 150 a in diameter) forked tail, with an outer sheath, an inner core, and a capital attached to one of the vertices of a polyhedral head. the head capsid edge-to-edge distance is 600 a, based upon internal calibration of the magnification in electron micrographs by use of the line-line spacing of catalase crystal ...	1967	4990040
chromophores of allophycocyanin and r-phycocyanin.	the biliprotein allophycocyanin was purified from phormidium luridum, anabaena variabilis and plectonema boryanum. r-phycocyanin was purified from rhodymenia palmata. the chromophores were cleaved from the denatured protein by methanol hydrolysis. they were purified and crystallized as the dimethyl esters. chromatographic and absorption-spectral (visible-ultraviolet and infrared) comparisons with reference material have established phycocyanobilin as the chromophore of allophycocyanin. phycocyan ...	1967	16742564
properties of ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase (carboxydismutase) from chinese cabbage and photosynthetic microorganisms.	ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase (carboxydismutase) was prepared from chinese cabbage [brassica petsai (parl)] and the k(m) values and molecular weight were determined. these parameters were found to be in good agreement with values reported for this enzyme from other higher plants. investigation of carboxydismutase activity from the photosynthetic micro-organisms chlamydomonas reinhardi (iu 89+), plectonema boryanum (iu 594), and chromatium strain d showed striking similarity to the higher ...	1968	5700019
effect of cyanophage infection on co2 photoassimilation in plectonema boryanum.	cyanophage infection effects a rapid and complete cessation of co(2) photoassimilation in plectonema cells. from the amount of infected cells lysed, it was established that this phenomenon cannot be ascribed to lysis of the host cells either from within or from without. the possibility that the effect is due to nitrogen starvation, induced secondarily by cyanophage multiplication, was ruled out when it was found that nitrogen supplementation did not influence the inhibition. it is suggested that ...	1968	5723527
short-trichome mutant of plectonema boryanum.		1969	5773043
cytophaga that kills or lyses algae.	a myxobacterium (cytophaga n-5) isolated from sewage kills or lyses an array of living green and blue-green algae. when assayed with nostoc muscorum or plectonema boryanum, plaques form like those caused by the blue-green algal virus lpp-1. this isolate lyses or inhibits mutually gram-positive and gram-negative eubacteria.	1969	4891858
the reproductive cycle of cyanophage lpp1-g in plectonema boryanum and its dependence on photosynthetic and respiratory systems.		1970	4985559
[interrelations between populations of the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum gom. and cyanophage lpp-l].		1970	4990618
nitrogenase activity in the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum strain 594.		1970	4992219
lpp-1 infection of the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum. 3. protein synthesis.	the structural proteins of mature lpp-1 particles and the patterns of protein synthesis after lpp-1 infection have been examined by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. structural proteins account for 35% of the lpp-1 genome, and proteins that would require about 65% of the total coding capacity have been detected after infection. the major head proteins have molecular weights of 39,000 and 13,000, whereas the major tail protein is an 80,000-molecular-weight species. ho ...	1970	4993000
lpp-1 infection of the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum. i. electron microscopy.	one-step growth and intracellular growth experiments were performed at high multiplicities of the virus lpp-1 during the infection of the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum. the eclipse period lasts until 4 hr after infection, the latent period terminates at 6 hr, and the rise period continues until 14 to 16 hr after infection. the burst size was independent of multiplicity of infection over the ranges from 1 to 50. the burst size was 3,000 to 5,000 plaque-forming units (pfu) per infectious cen ...	1970	4992998
lpp-1 infection of the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum. ii. viral deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and host deoxyribonucleic acid breakdown.	host and viral deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) metabolism in lpp-1-infected plectonema boryanum was studied by equilibrium centrifugation in cscl gradients. approximately 50% of the host dna is degraded to acid-soluble material between 3 and 7 hr after infection. most of the acid-soluble product is reincorporated into viral dna. incorporation of exogenous (3)h-adenine into viral dna can be detected very early after infection (within the first 2 hr), but the bulk of viral dna synthesis occurs between ...	1970	4992999
lysogeny of a blue-green alga, plectonema boryanum.		1971	5000129
laser-induced reactions of p700 and cytochrome f in a blue-green alga, plectonema boryanum.		1971	4995801
a thermosensitive cyanophage (lppi-g) attacking the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum.		1971	5001516
endogenous dark respiration of the blue-green alga, plectonema boryanum.	endogenous dark respiration in the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum is markedly affected by preincubation in the light: it can be increased from a basal rate of 5 nmoles of o(2) to 55 nmoles of o(2) per mg of cell protein per min after exposure of the cells to light for 8 to 10 hr. under conditions of enhanced dark respiration, cyanophage multiplication in the dark increases drastically and approaches the cyanophage yields obtained in photosynthesizing plectonema cells. this implies that the ...	1971	4994602
light effect on the internal osmotic pressure of the blue-green algae plectonema boryanum and phormidium luridum.		1972	4629378
[intercellular interactions and recovery of the population of plectonema boryanum blue-green algae following gamma-irradiation].		1972	4624190
the effect of antibiotic stress on protein synthesis in the establishment of lysogeny of plectonema boryanum.		1972	4625018
[isolation and study of the dna from the protoplasts of plectonema boryanum].		1972	4199954
[electron microscopic study of the dna of the virus of plectonema boryanum].		1972	4199955
lysogeny of the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum by lpp2-spi cyanophage.		1972	4621726
[respiration of the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum].		1973	4202813
[phenomonologic features of photomodification of radiation injuries in the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum].		1973	4203882
the characterization of c-phycocyanin from an extremely halo-tolerant blue-green alga, coccochloris elabens.	c-phycocyanin was isolated and purified from a uni-algal culture of an extremely halo-tolerant blue-green alga, coccochloris elabens. this alga can be grown under laboratory conditions in 25% (w/v) nacl. purified halophile phycocyanin was characterized by amino acid analysis and the measurement of sedimentation velocity, fluorescence polarization and immunodiffusion as a function of protein concentration, ph and ionic strength. the results were compared with those of studies of phycocyanin isola ...	1973	4198583
[the dna nucleotide composition of the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum and of lpp-1 virus].		1973	4633760
nitrogenase activity and photosynthesis in plectonema boryanum.	nitrogen-starved plectonema boryanum 594 cultures flushed with n(2)/co(2) or a/co(2) (99.7%/0.3%, vol/vol) exhibited nitrogenase activity when assayed either by acetylene reduction or hydrogen evolution. oxygen evolution activities and phycocyanin pigments decreased sharply before and during the development of nitrogenase activity, but recovered in the n(2)/co(2) cultures after a period of active nitrogen fixation. under high illumination, the onset of nitrogenase activity was delayed; however, ...	1974	4209777
phosphate metabolism in blue-green algae. i. fine structure of the "polyphosphate overplus" phenomenon in plectonema boryanum.		1974	4371465
[adsorption of cyanophage lpp-1 on cells of the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum].		1974	4217047
isolation and characterization of a new virus infecting the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum.		1974	4132243
macromolecule metabolism and photosynthetic functions in blue-green algae treated with virginiamycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis.	the m component of virginiamycin inhibited growth of plectonema boryanum under both photoautotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. though the s component of this antibiotic had no apparent activity per se, it enhanced the inhibitory action of its partner. cells incubated with suitable concentrations of either m or m + s stopped growing and lysed. loss of the colony-forming capacity occurred quickly in the presence of m + s and slowly in the presence of m alone. virginiamycin m inhibited protein ...	1974	15828183
metabolism of delta-aminolevulinic acid in red and blue-green algae.	delta-aminolevulinic acid was incorporated in vivo into c-phycocyanin and b-phycoerythrin in two species of the rhodophyta (cyanidium caldarium, porphyridium cruentum) and three species of the cyanophyta (anacystis nidulans, plectonema boryanum, phormidium luridum). amino acid analysis of phycocyanin-(14)c from c. caldarium cells which had been incubated with delta-aminolevulinate-4-(14)c showed that 84% of the radioactivity incorporated was present in the phycocyanobilin chromophore and less th ...	1975	16659103
temperature dependence of chlorophyll a fluorescence in relation to the physical phase of membrane lipids algae and higher plants.	the temperature dependence of the yield of chlorophyll a fluorescence was measured at room temperatures in living algal cells and higher plant chloroplasts. 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea was added to the samples during the measurements in order to eliminate the influence of photosynthetic photochemical reactions on the fluorescence yield.in anacystis nidulans the maximum in the curve for the fluorescence yield versus temperature occurred near the temperatures at which the transition ...	1975	16659396
heterotrophic growth of the filamentous blue-green alga plectonema boryanum.	plectonema boryanum can grow in the dark with ribose, sucrose, mannitol, maltose, glucose, or fructose. cell doubling times with 10 mm substrate are the following: 5 days with ribose, 6 days with sucrose or mannitol, 10 days with maltose, 12 days with glucose, and 13 days with fructose; with ribose plus 0.1% casamino acids it is 2.5 days. dark-grown cells appear mophologically similar to light-grown cells. cells grown in the dark for several years remain pigmented and resume photoautotrophic gro ...	1975	803826
coevolution of a virus-alga system.	plectonema boryanum, a filamentous blue-green alga, was cloned and then allowed to reach a steady state in a quasi-continuous culture in the presence of the algal virus, lpp-1. the culture was maintained for 3.5-month period during which time at least four distinct culture lysings were evident. after the fourth lysis the culture reached a steady-state level which was identical in its algal concentration to the preinfection level. upon testing the characteristics of the evolved alga and virus ...	1975	803818
[effect of several plant growth regulators on various prokaryotes and their viruses].	26 plant growth regulators including herbicides were investigated in their effect on the multiplication of escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, and the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum as well as the rna phages m 12 and qbeta and the dna phages lambda, phi 105, and lpp-1 employing the agar diffusion method. nearly all of the compounds inhibited and/or stimulated one or some of the prokaryotes tested. the most frequent and strongest effects occurred in pl. boryanum, the least effects in e. col ...	1975	809932
lysogeny of blue-green alga plectonema boryanum by long tailed virus.	lysogeny and its induction with mitomycin c by the long tailed virus is reported. the active virus was liberated in the medium during the growth period and ability of trichomes to produce virus was not reduced by treatment with edta.	1975	810657
sensitization of algal virus to uv by the incorporation of 5-bromouracil and mutations of host alga plectonema boryanum.	ultraviolet light (uv) sensitivity and photoreactivation of algal virus (cyanophage) lpp-1 were studied after multiplication in host alga plectonema boryanum in presence of 5-bromouracil (5-bu) alone and in conjunction with sulfanilamide. virus particles containing 5-bu were more sensitive towards uv and also showed low photoreactivation. there was less incorporation of 5-bu in virus without pretreatment of host alga with sulfanilamide, an inhibitor of thymine synthesis. 5-bu-induced short trich ...	1975	813403
superoxide dismutases from a blue-green alga, plectonema boryanum.	iron-containing and manganese-containing superoxide dismutases were found in plectonema boryanum. the mn-enzyme occupies about 10% of total activity. the fe-enzyme was purified to near homogeneity. it contains 2 atoms of iron per mol. its molecular weight is 41,700 and it is composed of two subunits of identical molecular weight without disulfide linkage. amino acid composition is presented. electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum revealed that iron occurs in a high spin ferric form and in some ...	1975	164453
the purification and properties of superoxide dismutase from a blue-green alga.	soluble extracts of plectonema boryanum have been shown to contain a single, electrophoretically distinct, superoxide dismutase. the enzyme has been isolated and has been found to be an iron-containing enzyme similar to that described from the periplasm of escherichia coli. it contains 1 fe3+/mole of enzyme. the molecular weight was approximately 36 500, and the enzyme appeared to be composed of two subunits of equal size joined by non-covalent interactions. esr data are presented, as are the r ...	1975	164232
heat induction of the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum lysogenic for the cyanophage splcts1.		1975	806167
photoreactivation of uv-irradiated blue-green algae and algal virus lpp-1.	ultraviolet (uv) sensitivity and photoreactivation of blue-green algae cylindrospermum sp., plectonema boryanum, spores of fischerella muscicola and algal virus (cyanophage) lpp-1 were studied. the survival value after uv irradiation of filaments of cylindrospermum sp. and virus lpp-1 showed exponential trend and these were comparatively sensitive towards uv than f.muscicola and p.boryanum. photoreactivation of uv-induced damage occurred in black, blue, green, yellow, red and white light in cyli ...	1975	807175
heterotrophic capacities of plectonema boryanum.	acquisition of the dark heterotrophic growth capacity on glucose in plectonema boryanum involves both adaptation and enrichment of a fast-growing genotype. the adaptation includes induction of functions involved in glucose incorporation and increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. photosynthetic products are implicated in the control of both systems. efficient energy conversion in the dark, as measured by cyanophage multiplication, correlates in time with the increase in potential ...	1976	828021
protein synthesis following infection of the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum with the temperature virus spi and its ts mutants.		1976	820066
toxicity of ammonia to algae in sewage oxidation ponds.	ammonia, at concentrations over 2.0 mm and at ph values over 8.0, inhibits photosynthesis and growth of scenedesmus obliquus, a dominant species in high-rate sewage oxidation ponds. photosynthesis of chlorella pyrenoidosa, anacystis nidulans, and plectonema boryanum is also susceptible to ammonia inhibition. dark respiration and cell morphology were unaffected by any combination of ph and ammonia concentrations tested, thus limiting the apparent effect to inhibition of the normal function of the ...	1976	7192
metabolic aspects of lpp cyanophage replication in the cyanobacterium plectonema boryanum.	cyanophage lpp1g is reproduced at the same yield in heterotrophic conditions (dark, glucose) as in photoautotrophic conditions; aerobiosis is required for dark cyanophage replication. exogenous glucose is not required for the cyanophage replication in the dark in heterotrophically grown cells. in photoautotrophically grown cells, the maximum burst size in dark and glucose is delayed for a period corresponding to glucose uptake induction. cyanophage lpp2spi replication occurs in conditions where ...	1976	816372
identification of a phosphorus-containing storage granule in the cyanobacterium plectonema boryanum by electron microscope x-ray microanalysis.	transmission electron microscopy of cyanobacteria couple with x-ray microanalysis has confirmed that dense deposits within these cells are composed of phosphorous.	1977	845121
ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase in the blue-green bacterium plectonema boryanum.	histochemical techniques applied at the ultrastructural level have clearly established the periplasmic space as the site of alkaline phosphatase activity in plectonema boryanum. considerable enzyme activity is found after the organism is placed in a phosphate-free medium for 5 days. this activity is found only in the cellular fraction of the culture with no activity present in the culture medium. localization of the site of enzyme activity in cells was investigated by a modification of the metho ...	1977	411786
h+ translocation in lysozyme-treated cells of the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum. difference between isotonically and hypotonically treated preparations and effects of divalent cations.	lysozyme-treated cells of a blue-green alga, plectonema boryanum, had an internal ph of 7.3+/-0.2 under isotonic and hypotonic conditions. this value was similar to that of untreated cells. the cccp-induced biphasic h+ change seen in the isotonic cells was not observed in the hypotonically treated cells. the biphasic time course remained in the hypotonic preparation if cacl2 or mgcl2 was added prior to the osmotic shock. it is suggested that the cells have two compartments of h+ concentration. t ...	1977	21172
purification and primary structure of cytochrome f from the cyanobacterium, plectonema boryanum.	the amino acid sequence of the soluble c-type cytochrome, cytochrome f, from the cyanobacterium plectonema boryanum (also called phormidium luridum or schizothrix calcicola) has been determined. the proposed sequence consists of one polypeptide chain of 85 residues and has three asn-gly linkages. partly due to the presence of these asn-gly bonds, which readily undergo rearrangement, proteolytic digestion on the small amount of protein available was unsatisfactory. the structure was determined pa ...	1977	199428
phosphate metabolism in blue-green algae. iii. the effect of fixation and post-staining on the morphology of polyphosphate bodies in plectonema boryanum.		1977	70323
estimation of internal ph in cells of blue-green algae in the dark and under illumination.	carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (cccp) or nigericin induced translocation of h+ in the dark across the cell membrane of blue-green algae plectonema boryanum and anacystis nidulans. the direction of the h+ flux depended on the ph of the suspending medium. at acidic ph, an influx of h+ and at alkaline ph an efflux of h+ were observed. it is suggested that the influx takes place at ph's higher than the "internal" ph and the efflux at ph's lower than that. the internal ph was estimated to be ...	1977	72067
[structure and cell division of the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum].	our data on the structure of the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum, as well as the analysis of the data of other authors, show that its cells resemble bacterial cells in the basic features of their fine structure (the cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, nucleoid, membraneous formations, ribosomal apparatus). besides the organelles typical of blue-green algae, organelles similar to mesosomes and formations looking like lysosomes were found in pl. boryanum. data obtained in the course of the format ...	1977	408585
inhibition of lytic induction in lysogenic cyanophyces.	when the lysogenic strain spicts1 of the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum carrying a temperature-sensitive mutation in the lpp2 prophage was heated at a nonpermissive temperature in the light, a lytic cycle occurred, with production of infectious viral particles. inhibitors of transcription, translation, and photosynthetic functions interfered with this process and produced different effects when administered at different phases of the viral cycle. the presence of the inhibitors during the te ...	1977	408514
similar c-phycocyanins from two strains of thermotolerant cyanophyte mastigocladus laminousus.	c-phycocyanin from two strains of the thermotolerant blue-green alga, mastigocladus laminosus (nz-db2-m and i-30-m), that grow within different temperature ranges have been characterized with respect to aggregation, immunologic properties, subunit composition, and thermodenaturation. the critical thermal-denaturation temperature for phycocyanin from both strains of m. laminosus phycocyanin is 60 degrees c which is higher than that for mesophilic phyococyanin. immunodiffusion studied have shown t ...	1977	406021
temperature dependence on the delayed fluorescence of chlorophyll a in blue-green algae.	1. the delayed fluorescence of chlorophyll a was measured with a phosphoroscope by changing the temperature in a range of room temperatures in intact cells of blue-green algae, anacystis nidulans, two strains of anabaena variabilis and plectonema boryanum, and other kinds of algae, cyanidium caldarium and chlorella pyrenoidosa. the induction of delayed fluorescence remarkably depended on the temperature of measurment. nevertheless, the induction pattern was characterized by three levels of inten ...	1977	403943
assembly site of cyanophage lpp-2-spi in plectonema boryanum.	electron microscope studies of infection by the temperature cyanophage spi show two possible assembly sites within the host plectonema boryanum: the nucleoplasm and a phage-created space, the "virogenic stroma". induced prophages appear to develop preferentially in the nucleoplasm.	1977	402745
[electron microscopic data on the mesosomelike and myelinlike structures of blue-green algae].	the mesosome-like structures of blue-green algae were studied by freeze-etching without preliminary fixation and, in parallel, by a technique of ultrathin sections. these structures were found mainly in synechococcus elongatus and synechocystis aquatilis, less often, in anacystis nidulans and anabaena variabilis, and were not detected in plectonema boryanum. the following types of membrane structures were encountered: (1) formation consisting of three- and five-layered membranes and resembling t ...	1978	212674
active transport of glucose and alpha-methylglucoside in the cyanobacterium plectonema boryanum.		1978	417083
ethionine-resistant mutants of the filamentous blue-green alga plectonema boryanum.	plectonema boryanum mutants that are resistant to ethionine are unable to incorporate ethionine into acid-precipitable material. ethionine causes bleaching of chlorophyll in sensitive cells.	1978	417071
molybdenum independence of nitrogenase component synthesis in the non-heterocystous cyanobacterium plectonema.	the cyanobacterium plectonema boryanum (iu 594-utex 594) fixes n2 only in the absence of combined n and of o2. we induced nitrogenase by transfer to anaerobic n-free medium and studied the effect of mo starvation on nitrogenase activity and synthesis. activity was first detected within 3 h after transfer by the acetylene reduction assay in controls, increasing for at least 25 h. cells grown on nitrate and mo and then transferred to n-free, mo-free medium produced 8% of the control nitrogenase ac ...	1978	96092
energy transduction in the photosynthetic membranes of the cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) p-lectonema boryanum.	membrane preparations isolated from the photosynthetic lamellae of the cyanobacterium plectonema boryanum generate upon illumination a transmembrane ph gradient of approximately 2 to 3 ph units (acid inside), as determined from the distribution of either fluorescent or radioactive amines (9 aminoacridine and 14cmethylamine, respectively). using the distribution of permeant ions to measure the electrical potential across the membrane, it was found that the latter is practically nil under conditi ...	1978	25283
phosphate metabolism in blue-green bacteria. v. factors affecting phosphate uptake in plectonema boryanum.	plectonema boryanum requires approximately 5 days of exposure to a culture medium lacking phosphorus to induce the "polyphosphate overplus" phenomenon. at ph9, phosphate uptake is greatest both from normal culture medium and from dilute salt solutions. phosphate uptake from dilute salt solutions was greatest when na+ or k+ are combined with ca2+ or ca2+ and mg2+. cells starved of phosphorus in the presence of a high concentration of k+ or ca2+ in the medium, and then allowed to take up phosphoru ...	1978	25703
effect of ions on the activity of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase from plectonema boryanum.	alkaline phosphatase extracted from p. boryanum with lysozyme or polymyxin b treatment was used in a comparative study of cell bound and cell free enzyme. the effects of various ions on enzyme activity were tested. calcium was found to enhance activity to the greatest degree stimulating the cell bound alkaline phosphatase 100% and cell free enzyme four-fold. magnesium and potassium also stimulated the activity of cell bound and cell free enzyme. other ions were found to be inhibitory to varying ...	1979	120924
[ultrafine structure of lpp-1 cyanophage-infected plectonema boryanum cells].	the interaction of the cyanophage lpp-1 with the trychomous blue-green alga plectonema boryanum was studied. the stage of formation and maturation of phage particles was found to be preceded with the production of the dna-phage pool similar in its morphology with that in trychomous bacteria of the order caryophanales. phagolysis of pl. boryanum cells infected with the phage involved, apart from typical changes in the cytoplast, some distortion in the structure of young, unfinished partitions.	1979	113652
[electron microscopic study of thylakoid structure in cyanobacteria].	two or three thylakoids can be detected in synechococcus elongatus, strain 58, and plectonema boryanum if sections are successful. peripheral thylakoids sometimes seem to be connected with the cytoplasmic membrane. partitions and septa, as well as small electron-dense granules typical of cells which underwent lysis, are found in the intrathylakoidal space. branching of thylakoids is described. particles 16 and 11 nm in size whose possible nature is discussed can be discerned on the fracture face ...	1979	112360
purification and properties of nitrogenase from the cyanobacterium, anabaena cylindrica.	the nitrogenase complex was isolated from nitrogen-starved cultures of anabaema cylindrica. sodium dithionite, photochemically reduced ferredoxin, and nadph were found to be effective election donors to nitro genase in crude extracts whereas hydrogen and pyruvate were not. the km for acetylene in vivo is ten-fold higher than the km in vitro, whereas this pattern does not hold for the non-heterocystous cyanobacterium, plectonema boryanum. this indicates that at least one mechanism of oxygen prote ...	1979	111934
laboratory comparison of the effectiveness of several algicides on isolated swimming pool algae.	the most frequently encountered species of algae found in swimming pools in the phoenix metropolitan area were used to evaluate the laboratory effectiveness of five commercially available pool chemicals used for algal control. the pool algae used were the xanthophyte pleurochloris pyrenoidosa, the chlorophyte oocystis sp., and the cyanophytes phormidium minnesotense and plectonema sp. pad algae kill (a chlorine derivative) was effective in the control of all test organisms. algaedyn, a silver-co ...	1980	16345508
physiological aspects of alkaline phosphatase in selected cyanobacteria.	the alkaline phosphatase of plectonema boryanum shows a considerable increase in activity following placement of the cells in a phosphate free medium. five days of phosphate starvation result in a 14-fold increase of alkaline phosphatase activity. growth in the presence of inhibitors of transcription and translation indicate that the synthesis of the enzyme is de novo. orthophosphate causes an immediate inhibition of enzyme activity. enzyme was extracted from p. boryanum with lysozyme or polymyx ...	1980	6793813
sequence of morphological alterations in blue-green algae in the course of cyanophage infection.	electron microscopic studies were performed on the sequence of morphological alterations induced by the cyanophage pp-1 in the blue-green algae phormidium sp. and plectonema boryanum. the following phases of virus infection were made evident: virus adsorption onto the host cell; the presence of virus "ghosts", suggesting the penetration of viral dna into the cell and its multiplication in the nucleoplasm; invagination of thylakoids and formation of the "virogenic stroma"; virus maturation within ...	1981	6787795
nitrogenase activity and membrane electrogenesis in the cyanobacterium plectonema boryanum.	the relationships between nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) and the transplasmalemma proton electrochemical potential gradient (delta muh+) have been investigated using the non-heterocystous filamentous cyanobacterium plectonema boryanum. by selectively modifying the chemical (delta ph) and electrical (delta psi) components of delta muh+ under conditions in which the size of the atp pool remained unaffected, nitrogenase activity was found to be dependent on, or regulated by delta psi. w ...	1982	6814911
utilization of morphometric analysis in evaluating response of plectonema boryanum (cyanophyceae) to exposure to eight heavy metals.		1982	6808934
unusual sulfonolipids are characteristic of the cytophaga-flexibacter group.	capnocytophaga spp. contain a group of unusual sulfonolipids, called capnoids (w. godchaux iii and e. r. leadbetter, j. bacteriol. 144:592-602, 1980). one of these lipids, capnine, is 2-amino-3-hydroxy-15-methylhexadecane-1-sulfonic acid; the others are, apparently, n-acylated versions of capnine. the lipids were found, in amounts ranging from 2.5 to 16 mumol of capnoid sulfur per g of cells (wet weight), in two cytophaga spp. and also in several closely related organisms: several capnocytophaga ...	1983	6298180
the effect of suspended particulate material on cyanobacteria--cyanophage interactions in liquid culture.	the effect of the lytic phage lpp-dun1 on the cyanobacterium plectonema boryanum has been investigated in batch and in continuous cultures in the presence and absence of silt. in batch culture plectonema without added phage grew normally; the presence of phage caused rapid lysis of the cyanobacterium and the addition of silt prevented lysis by the phage. in continuous culture the numbers of cyanobacterial cells and phage particles oscillated in a reciprocal manner, but the addition of silt dampe ...	1984	6423604
effects of pesticides on cyanobacterium plectonema boryanum and cyanophage lpp-1.	cyanobacterium plectonema boryanum iu 594 and cyanophage lpp-1 were used as indicator organisms in a bioassay of 16 pesticides. experiments such as spot tests, disk assays, growth curves, and one-step growth experiments were used to examine the effects of pesticides on the host and virus. also, experiments were done in which host or virus was incubated in pesticide solutions and then assayed for pfu. p. boryanum was inhibited by four herbicides: 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (dcmu), 1, ...	1984	6430230
resistance of dna from filamentous and unicellular cyanobacteria to restriction endonuclease cleavage.	chromosomal dna from nine species of filamentous cyanobacteria as diverse as nostoc, gloeotrichia and plectonema is suggested to be extensively modified (methylated) by its resistance to cleavage by a number of restriction endonucleases. a remarkably similar pattern of dna modification in these species contrasts with the known heterogeneity of their type ii restriction endonuclease content. in particular, nostoc pcc 73102, which lacks detectable sequence-specific endonucleases, is shown to posse ...	1984	6320895
kinetic variance of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase isolated from diverse taxonomic sources : ii. analysis by two dual label methods.	two dual label methods were used to investigate kinetic variability of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (rubp) carboxylase/oxygenase (ec 4.1.1.39). in addition to using [1-(14)c,5-(3)h]rubp (method 1), we describe here the detailed assay with (14)co(2) and [5-(3)h]rubp (method 2), which generates [(3)h,(14)c]3-phosphoglyceric acid and unlabeled (noncontaminating) phosphoglycolate; the carboxylase/oxygenase activity ratio (v(c)/v(o)) is calculated from (3)h/(14)c ratios of substrates and products. v(c)/ ...	1984	16663680
the action of n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (ntg) on the cyanobacterium plectonema boryanum.		1985	3938947
effect of betaine on enzyme activity and subunit interaction of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from aphanothece halophytica.	the presence of betaine, a quaternary ammonium compound, at a concentration (0.5 molar) reported to accumulate inside aphanothece halophytica in response to increasing external salinity, slightly promoted ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (rubp) carboxylase activity. kcl at 0.25 molar inhibited rubp carboxylase about 55%. betaine relieved the inhibition by 0.25 m kcl and the original uninhibited activity was restored at 1 m betaine. other osmoregulatory solutes such as sucrose and glycerol also reduced ...	1986	16664941
the evolution of glutathione metabolism in phototrophic microorganisms.	of the many roles ascribed to glutathione (gsh) the one most clearly established is its role in the protection of higher eucaryotes against oxygen toxicity through destruction of thiol-reactive oxygen byproducts. if this is the primary function of gsh then gsh metabolism should have evolved during or after the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. that many bacteria do not produce gsh is consistent with this view. in the present study we have examined the low-molecular-weight thiol compositio ...	1987	11542078
studies on nitrate reductase of clostridium perfringens. iv. identification of metals, molybdenum cofactor, and iron-sulfur cluster.	nitrate reductase of clostridium perfringens was purified by an improved method using immuno-affinity chromatography. the purified preparation contained mo, fe, and acid-labile sulfide; the mo content was 1 mol per mol and the fe 3.7 mol per mol of the enzyme. the inactive enzyme obtained from cells grown in the presence of tungstate did not hold mo but contained 1 mol of w. the content of fe was not increased. the presence of molybdenum cofactor in the nitrate reductase was indicated by the for ...	1987	2884214
restriction analysis and quantitative estimation of methylated bases of filamentous and unicellular cyanobacterial dnas.	the dnas of strains of three cyanobacterial genera (anabaena, plectonema, and synechococcus) were found to be partially or fully resistant to many restriction endonucleases. this could be due to the absence of specific sequences or to modifications, rendering given sequences resistant to cleavage. the latter explanation is substantiated by the content of n6-methyladenine and 5-methylcytosine in these genomes, which is high in comparison with that in other bacterial genomes. dcm- and dam-like met ...	1988	2832390
cytotoxic, fungicidal nucleosides from blue green algae belonging to the scytonemataceae.	tubercidin, toyocamycin, and the corresponding 5'-alpha-d-glucopyranose derivatives of the nucleosides are frequently responsible for much of the cytotoxicity and antimycotic activity associated with extracts of cultured cyanophytes belonging to the family scytonemataceae. the 5'-alpha-d-glucopyranoses of tubercidin and toyocamycin, for example, are the major cytotoxic and fungicidal nucleosides in fijian plectonema radiosum and hawaiian tolypothrix tenuis, respectively.	1988	3139604
boron requirement in cyanobacteria : its possible role in the early evolution of photosynthetic organisms.	the effect of boron on heterocystous and nonheterocystous dinitrogen fixing cyanobacteria was examined. the absence of boron in culture media inhibited growth and nitrogenase activity in nodularia sp., chlorogloeopsis sp., and nostoc sp. cultures. examinations of boron-deficient cultures showed changes in heterocyst morphology. however, cultures of nonheterocystous cyanobacteria, gloeothece sp. and plectonema sp., grown in the absence of boron did not show any alteration in growth or nitrogenase ...	1990	16667889
accumulation of trehalose and sucrose in cyanobacteria exposed to matric water stress.	the drought-resistant cyanobacteria phormidium autumnale, strain lpp(4), and a chroococcidiopsis sp. accumulated trehalose, sucrose, and both trehalose and sucrose, respectively, in response to matric water stress. accumulated sugar concentrations reached values of up to 6.2 mug of trehalose per mug of chlorophyll in p. autumnale, 6.9 mug of sucrose per mug of chlorophyll in lpp(4), and 4.1 mug of sucrose and 3.2 mug of trehalose per mug of chlorophyll in the chroococcidiopsis sp. the same sugar ...	1991	16348431
dna sequence and analysis of a cryptic 4.2-kb plasmid from the filamentous cyanobacterium, plectonema sp. strain pcc 6402.	the 4194-bp plasmid, prf1, from plectonema sp. strain pcc 6402 was completely sequenced and analyzed. seven potential open reading frames were identified. the predicted amino acid sequence of open reading frame c (orf c) had identities of 34, 29, and 25% with rep b from the staphylococcus aureus plasmid, pub110; rep from the bacillus amyloliquefaciens plasmid, pftb14; and protein a from the s. aureus plasmid, pc194, respectively. a 75-amino-acid region conserved in these proteins (rep b, rep, an ...	1992	1409974
a small plasmid, pca2.4, from the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. strain pcc 6803 encodes a rep protein and replicates by a rolling circle mechanism.	different cryptic plasmids are widely distributed in many strains of cyanobacteria. a small cryptic plasmid, pca2.4, from synechocystis strain pcc 6803 was completely sequenced, and its replication mode was determined. pca2.4 contained 2,378 bp and encoded a replication (rep) protein, designated repa. an analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that repa of pca2.4 has significant homology with rep proteins of pkym from shigella sonnei, a pub110 plasmid family from gram-positive bacte ...	1993	8320214
[isolation, purification and various properties of aspartate kinase from the cyanobacterium plectonema boryanum].	the enzymic activity of aspartate kinase from filamentous cyanobacteria plectonema boryanum at the logarithmic phase of growth has been studied. aspartate kinase was purified eleven times and extracted in functionally homogeneous state from the cell-free extract by the methods of ammonium sulphate salting-out, ion-exchange chromatography and isoelectric focusing. some physical and chemical characteristics of the enzyme have been studied: pi-7.2; optimum ph-9.0; optimum temperature-55 degrees c. ...	1993	8351742
characterization of a small cryptic plasmid, ppf1, from phormidium foveolarum and vector construction.	the 1509 bp cryptic plasmid, ppf1, from phormidium foveolarum, a strain of filamentous cyanobacteria of the lpp group, was completely sequenced. the ppf1 nucleotide sequence had 97.8% overall similarity with that of a small plasmid from plectonema boryanum. the structural organization of ppf1 and vector construction are discussed.	1993	7764277
identification of a nifdk-like gene (orf467) involved in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll in the cyanobacterium plectonema boryanum.	the frxc gene, which is found in chloroplast dna (ctdna) and in cyanobacteria, encodes a protein that is required for the light-independent reduction of protochlorophyllide (pchlide) to chlorophyllide a (chlide). a dna fragment downstream of frxc in the filamentous cyanobacterium plectonema boryanum was cloned and analyzed. sequencing of the dna fragment revealed an open reading frame (orf) that encoded a protein of 467 amino acid residues (designated orf467), which showed extensive homology to ...	1993	8199775
involvement of acceptor side components of psii in the regulatory mechanism of plectonema boryanum grown photoautotrophically under diazotrophic condition.	alternating peaks of photosynthetic activity (p-phase) and nitrogen fixing activity (n-phase) were shown in plectonema boryanum grown under diazotrophic condition in continuous light. in n-phase photosystem i activity increased by 35-45% and oxygen evolution decreased by 70-80% which was partially restored to 45-55% in the presence of 2,6-dichloro-p-benzoquinone. thermoluminescence glow curve in p-phase consists of a major band at 25 degrees c which was shifted to 10 degrees c in n-phase. both t ...	1993	8352756
dna sequence and shuttle vector construction of plasmid pgl3 from plectonema boryanum pcc 6306.		1993	8441688
replication of filamentous cyanobacterial plasmids, ppf1 from phormidium foveolarum and ppb1 from plectonema boryanum.	single-stranded plasmid dna of ppf1 from phormidium foveolarum that was specifically degraded by s1 nuclease was detected by southern hybridization. this is also the case of the homologous plasmid ppb1 from plectonema boryanum. these observations suggest that such small cryptic plasmids as ppf1 and ppb1, both from gram-negative and filamentous cyanobacteria, replicate by a rolling circle mechanism in their living cells.	1994	7764871
uncoupling of photosystems during light dependent dinitrogen fixation by a non-heterocystous cyanobacterium plectonema boryanum.	plectonema boryanum grows under microaerobic nitrogen starvation conditions by temporal separation of the oxygen-sensitive nitrogen fixation and the oxygen-evolving photosynthesis. during the nitrogen-fixation phase, depression in light-dependent oxygen evolution results from alterations in the stare of qa/qb complex. the reaction centre in photosystem ii is not oxidised efficiently. light dependence of nitrogenase function under such conditions appears to be related to the coupling of photosyst ...	1994	8002013
cloning and nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding dinitrogenase reductase (nifh) from the cyanobacterium nostoc 6720.	the nucleotide sequence of the 3' end of the nifu coding sequence, the complete coding sequence of nifh and a substantial part of the 5' end of nifd coding sequence from nostoc 6720 is presented. the coding sequences are highly conserved with those of anabaena 7120 and anabaena sp. l31. however the intergenic region between nifu and nifh contains two segments of short tandemly repetitive repeat sequences (strrs) that differ from the strr that is common to both anabaena7120 and anabaenasp. l31. v ...	1994	7918657
characterization of the genome region encoding an fdxh-type ferredoxin and a new 2[4fe-4s] ferredoxin from the nonheterocystous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium plectonema boryanum pcc 73110.	a genomic dna region with four consecutive open reading frames, including an fdxh-type gene, has been sequenced and initially characterized for the nonheterocystous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium plectonema boryanum pcc 73110. the fdxh gene encodes a [2fe-2s]-type ferredoxin, 98 amino acids in length, with a deduced molecular mass of 10.9 kda. conserved residues include two characteristic lysines at positions 10 and 11, shown recently to be important for interaction with nitrogenase reductase (s ...	1994	8106314